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CIRCULATES IN EVERY PROVINCE IN CANADA 10^'^
^^-^ JL and
^
I
I
I
I
I
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I
SOME OF OUR LINES %
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MICA SCHIST
(EDGE HILL SILICA ROCK CO.)
It's cheaper and lasts longer than Fire Brick for lining and patch-
ing the melting zone of your cupola.
FOUNDRY EQUIPMENT
(CALUMET FOUNDRY EQUIPMENT CO.)
CUPOLAS, LADLES, TUMBLERS, TURNTABLES, CRANES, etc.
Tirfil??^T7m'^tl^!MJ71rrKlffWl^ailiE5li^
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Mr. Foundryman :
overcome.
McLAIN'S SYSTEM
Each started with the idea of build- you need it NOW. You are entitled to think
you know all we teach, although we show you
ing a better machine. different. You can listen to some man who
never followed the System, and who probably
has PERSONAL REASONS for not want-
Both Succeeded! ing you to know too much about your own
business and the use of money spent in it.
Either of these machines will be But you cannot read the storv of how and
with whom WE
ARE MAKING GOOD
sent to you on trial. This is your as given in our FREE literature without
reahzing that we have what you need in your
opportunity to prove our assertions.
foundry and need right away.
Brown Specialty
\
for FREE inforrrtation.
^ J^
NAME
CHICAGO POSITION
FIRM
ADDRESS
// what you wan* is not advertised in th^^ issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
-2 CANADIAN F UNDRYMAN
"STEELE HARVEY"
Tilting Crucible Furnace
Duriiig tlie ten years we
a V e been niaiiufacturiug
Positively li
Tt
desired
is
madeoil,
for
gas,
any
coal,
fuel
or
coke.
We would like
to put you in
Stem, Double-Head, Tin and Radiator. toucli with iise.'s
so that you could
We ship from stock on short notice. profit by their
experience. 'Why
not write now?
Write for price list and discounts.
We make patterns in Wood, Aluminum and Bronze.
Illustrated
Special Machinery Designed and Built. Catalogue
upon request.
Standard Sand | Made in five sizes with capacity of 4, 6, 7V2, 9 and 27 Cubic Feet
per batch, respectively.
& Machine Co. | We'll mail you details and references upon receipt of a card.
CLEVELAND, OHIO p
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his^ advertisevient tell him.
C ANADIAN F UNDRYMAN
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
FOUNDRY SHOVELS
that will fulfil every requirement.
Any style or shape In Lundy Shovels are their own
Quality Guaranteed Brass best salesmen.
W. W. WELLS, Toronto
Nickel Send us a trial orf/er.
Two Cents
Invened in
concerning the
postage will |5ut
or
you
One Cent
in possession of information
CRANED Don't buy a
EIGHTH PAGE
SPACE
$30 A YEAR
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his ndvertmerneni tell him.
CANADIAN F U NDRY MAN
If you are, you'll get it. It may not be big business, but it may be very
satisfactory at that. The
prospect is far from discouraging. If you go
after business determinedly, you will at least get your share.
be likewise increased?
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Melting
Sand
" WABANA"
Machine Cast Pig Iron
Cast in specially shaped moulds to permit of easy
Handling, Piling and Breaking.
SALES OFFICES :
Sydney, N.S.; 112 St. James St., Montreal; 18 Wellington St. E., Toronto
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
PeVELOPMBNTp^tKe
llie present article is the first of a series which ive hope to publish each month daring
the first More or less detail treatment ivill be given the various smelt-
half of this Neiu Year.
ing plants throii.gJiout the Dominion, beginning with that of the Canadian Copper Co., Copper
Cliff, Ont., in this issue. Due to the European War this industry is much in the limelight.
Chief of Metal Mines Division, Ottawa. equipment, and a hydro-electric installa- suspended operations in 1902.
)
;2 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
In 1900 the Ontario Smelting Works In the meantime, the new method of V\'oiks were badly damaged by fire.
were erected by the Orford Copper Co., raising the grade of the matte proving greatly interfering with the work. For
a concern closely associated with the unsatisfactory, it was decided to build a period of six months preceding the
Canadian Copper Co., and one of the cor- a new smelter, incorporating a number completion of the new works, the smelt-
porations included in the amalgamation of improvements the result of the ex- er of the Mond Nickel Co. at Victoria
in 1902 by which the International perience gained in the earlier operations. Mines was leased and used for Besse-
Nickel Co., took over the interests of a A site was selected on a hillside, about mtrizing low grade matte, pending the
number of other minor corporations. The completion of the converter plant at the
first site of the Ontario Smelting Works new smelter. The new plant contained
was a short distance west of the Copper dCO lb
i
satf^/e two blast furnaces of about 400 tons
Cliff mine, nearly a mile from the West i capacity each.
Mtlf bins
smelter. This plant was erected at the 1 In 1905 it was again enlarged to a
Co*es crusher, 30"
time of the adoption of a new method of capacity of five 400-ton furnaces, and
( To O S ")
increasing the grade of the matte, Bes- I the converter plant was installed in a
semer converters having hitherto been separate building. This converter plant
used for this purpose. In this plant, low- consisted of 10 stands and shells, Allis-
grade matte was ground in a ball mill Sample Clialraers type, 8 ft. x 10 ft., using a
and roasted in long calcining furnaces Sample bcx silicious lining, capacity about 5-7 tons
of the Brown type, and then rosmelted \ of Bessemer matte without relining, ac-
'
BlaJte crusher 3"rC
in brick cupolas to a matte containing corcJingto the gxade of furnace matte
(To O 25 )
5-8 per cent, of iron and approximately cliarged into the converter. After con-
Jones r,ffle^ (cw'f SO^^
75 per cent, of copper and nickel. ducting a series of experiments, these
i
In 1902, the International Nickel Co. Hejecf SaMp/e converters were discarded in 1911, and
was organized under the laws of the 5 basic lined converters, a modified form '
CANADIAN FfrUNDRYMAN
smelting equipment. Four standard cal sub-station are partly on rock and cranks. Beneath the bins, on the level
seven hearth Wedge roasting furnaces, partly on built ground. The other build- of the charging floor, run the two paral-
each 22 ft. 6 in. in diameter, have also ings, chiefly shops and warehouses, lel tracks, 36 in. gauge and 15 ft. centres,
been installed. are on built ground, made by pouring- on which the charge trains are operated.
slag to a depth of 7-20, as the nature These bins receive ore from the roast
General Statement of Equipment.
of the topography required. yard, green ore from the mines, slag and
Theplant, as at present constituted,
scrap from the furnaces and converters,
is considered to be the most complete Ore Bins.
coal, coke, quartz, clay, and limestone. At
and up-to-date of its kind in the world. The ore Tains on the sideabove the
hill
one end of the bins is a set of 3-ton
Tlie equipment includes six water-jack- furnace building, parallel to it, and 200
sn.spender track scales, one on each
eted blast furnaces, five 50 in x 204 in., feet distant, are of massive timber con-
track. The beams and the office for the
and one 50 in. x 240 in., five basic con- struction, with bents resting on masoiirv
weigh clerk areplaced between the
verter stands and five shells, 10 in. x 37
tracks. A similar pair of scales are also
ft. 2 in., hydraulically operated with oil
installed near the centre of the bins. Be-
instead of water. There are two coal
side tl'.e scales are small open bins, hold-
dust fired McDougall reverberatories,
iim' ore or other material for adjusting
hearth area of each being 19 ft. x 112
the components of the charge.
ft. and four Wedge roasting furnaces.
;
tinuous louvre ventilator. The total whole is also floored over with concrete.
storage capacity is about 400,000 cubic The concrete flooring is carried out over
feet. the matte floor on steel columns to a
The bin bottoms are double hoppered. width of about 9 feet. This forms a con-
stack, sampling building, and laboratory with curved bin gates every 6 feet, tinuous tapping platform and furnace
are all built on solid rock; the furnace directly over the charging tracks. These runway. Tlie charging floor is 35 feet
building, the reverberatory plant, the gates are a patented type, convex on the above the matte and slag floors and 25
steam power house, and the electri- under side and hand-operated by gear feet above the furnace floor. This floor
4 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
is 30 feet in width and is "ouilt of rein- at the end bays. The roofing is of rein- Back of the building the storage bins are
forced concrete, carried on heavy steel forced concrete tile, the sheathing is gal- served by the high level railway line. The
framing; the sides are sheeted up to the vanized corrugated iron over the main slag and matte cars enter the building
roof forming a separate enclosure. part of the building covering the convert- at yard level, through tunnels in the
The raised furnace floor divides the ers; at the relining end the gTeater pro- foundation. The site for the building
furnace building longitudinally into tection against cold is given by a sheath- was prepared by clearing the rock on
three sections. At the back of the ing of cement plaster on metal. This the side hill and then building forward
building is the slag floor, 33 feet wide,
building contains two departments, one a platform of poured slag. Concrete re-
served by two standard gauge tracks. In
for drying quartz and rock flues, and one taining walls were built in such a way as
front is thematte floor, also 33 feet
for blowing the five basic converters . to leavespace for three tunnels to enter
v\'ide, and served by two 50-ton 5-motor
the slag foundations at the yard level,
Morgan electric cranes, 32 ft. 10 in. The blowing end of the building is
one between the two original furnaces,
span and 20-ton capacity. The motors provided with a crane way of 55 ft. 8 in.
and one at either side. A light trestle,
are variable speed induction type. A span. It is served by two 50-ton, 5-
about 14 feet in height, was built, lead-
standard gauge track enters the build- motor, Morgan electric cranes, equipped ing over the foundations and, from this
ing at the west end, on the matte floor, with variable speed induction motors. slag was poured between the retaining
and runs for a distance of about 80 feet. The motor speeds on these cranes are a walls. In this way a solid block of slag,
Converter Building. little faster than the motor speeds of the about 12 in. thick, was formed beneath
The converter building lies parallel to cranes in the furnace building. The each furnace. On this foundation the
the furnace building and about 60 feet main hoist on each of these cranes is furnaces were built as described below.
away. It is of steel construction capable of lifting at the rate of 18 feet The foundation was extended to provide
throughout, with special bracing to carry per minute; the auxiliary hoist at 36 for the third furnace, the construction
of which was started in 1912.
Electric Sub-station.
This building is 92 feet in width and
224 feet in length. The foundations,
walls, and floors are of concrete construc-
tion, while the roof is of hollow book
tile, covered with tar and gravel. The
roof trusses are of steel and are carried
on three rows of columns, two rows
built into the opposite parallel concrete
walls of the building, and one row down
the middle. Two parallel runways for
two 10-ton hand-power cranes are car-
ried from end to end of the building on
the walls and on the middle row of
columns.
This building is the main distributing
current at 250 volts and 100 amperes. roast yards in train load lots. A 200- the bottom of the building, from which
pound sample is taken from each car of they are loaded into regular furnace
One 30 k.w. motor-generator set taking
current at 550 volts, 40 amperes, and de- a train and the whole lot is sampled to- charging cars and hoisted to the charg-
direct ing floor by an electric
livering
elevator at the end of
current at 250 volts
and 100 amperes, one
the building. This
elevator is also used
30 k.w. motor-genera-
for lifting to the crush-
tor set taking current
40 am- ing floor any samples
at 550 volts,
that may arrive on the
peres, and delivering
direct current at 250
yard level. Power to
operate the plant is
volts, 90 amperes, when
supplied by motors; a
running at 1,200 r.p.m.,
also available.
15 h.p. motor being
is
used for the crushers
One
100 k.w. fre-
and elevator, while a 5
quency changer, chang-
h.p. motor operates the
ing the 25-cycle cur-
smaller machines.
rent from the trans-
formers to a 60-cycle Laboratory.
current for use in the
This building is of
arc lamps, is placed in
concrete, brick, and
this building. About
steel construction, with
55 enclosed arc lamps
a roof of book tile car-
are used for lighting
ried on steel trusses.
the buildings and The building is only
smelter yard, and 25
one storey in height,
are supplied to the
but there is a 9-ft.
town of Copper Cliff It covers
basement.
for street lighting. A an area of 34 ft. x 79
complete system of
ft.The principal room
electric signals, with
is analysis room
the
gongs and colored
on the main floor, 32
lights, connect this
ft. X 40 ft.It is open
building with the fur-
to the roof, and is ven-
nace floor and the con-
tilated by means of
verter pulpits. By this
electric fans set in
means the operation of
bull 's-eye windows in
the various blowing
each gable. The hood
engines can be quickly
is of down-draft con-
adjusted to meet with top
struction,
changed requirements.
light, and is made with
The sub-station build-
concrete base, and iron
ing is by air,
heated
and glass sides and
which is blown over
top. Draft
supplied is
hot steam coils by a
by a suction fan in the
motor-driven fan and
basement. Electric hot
distributed to the
plates are used, the
rooms through ducts
temperature being con-
and floor registers.
trolled by a rheostat
Sample Mill. in which plugs are in-
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
a balance room and the office of the pounds per square foot for the main IS in. Rand air compressor. A purifying
chief chemist. The balance room con- and upper floors respectively. A railway plant, Tvhich handles all the water for
tains a heavy bench, set on concrete track runs parallel to the building at the the smelter and for the locomotive water
piers, which run down to bed-rock. edge of the unloading platform, which tank, is also installed here.
There is space for five balances on the is 20 feet wide and 150 feet in length. Since the erection of the reverberatory
bench, and the room is lighted from A 3-ton electric elevator serves all three furnace plant, two pairs of the Altman-
the north. The basement is provided floors. The purchasing office, metal- Taylor water-tube boilers have been
with a separate entrance from the out- lurgist's office, and the electrical repair moved to the reverberatory furnace
side. contains a large storage room
It shop are also located in this building. building, where one pair has been in-
for acids, etc., a small room for private stalled in the flue at the front end of
Power
research, a storage room for glassware, each of the first two furnaces erected.
The power employed at the works is
a large photographic with
dark-room These boilers are used for power for the
received from the lines of the
electric,
two sinks and eight lockers for photo- furnace pumps, etc. The other two pairs
Huronian Power Co., a subsidiary cor-
gTaphic work, and a heating system sim- are held in reserve for spare steam blow-
poration with extensive plant at High
ilar to that installed in the electric sub- ing engines, steam pumps, and air-com-
Falls, on the Spanish River. Power is
station. pressor. They are also used for heating
transferred to the transformer house
Other Buildings. some of the buildings at the plant.
at the smelter at 35,000 volts. It is step-
There are a number of other build-
ped down to 2,200 volts for use in the Engine Room Equipment.
ings, located in close proximity to the
heavier motors and to 550 volts for use The engine-room equipment includes
smelter, housing the various depart-
in most of the motors outside the smelt- two cross-compound Nordberg-Corliss
ments. As far as possible fireproof con-
blowing engines for the furnaces, having
er sub-station. When the present plant
was first constructed, hydro-electric steam cylinders 13 in. x 25 in. by 42 in.
power was not available, and a steam stroke; duplex air cylinders 57 in. x 42 in.
plant was installed. The various shops having capacity of 236 cubic feet of free
had their individual steam equipments air per minute, or 20,000 cubic feet of air
and for the first two years the smelter at 85 r.p.m. Air is delivered at 60
It is generally conceded that it is to the electric furnace we must look in order to make
commercially profitable of development the widespread areas of our Dominion in which ex-
tensive deposits of low-grade iron ore exist. This type furnace has made a growing and all
the time improving perform,ance record, and there is little doubt that its complete adapta-
bility will in the early future cope successfally vnth this iron ore problem..
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Crude Ore, Con- The deposits occur in veins or lodes Forsyth Mine. Bristol Mine.
No. 2 Deposit., ceutrate. Silica 6.0 14.0 9.0 28.5
Iron 36.70 65. 6S of various thicknesses. The Hull iron Metallic iron.. 54.0 GO.O 43.8660.4
0.76
Silica 45.20 8.69 Sulphur 0.0750.4 0.13
jManganous oxide .... 0.04 0.04 range and the Bristol iron range have Phosphorous 0.005 0.1 0.004 0.006
1.12 0.25
.
Alumina 0.25 0.20 been proved to be of extensive area and Titanic acid
Liime 1.60 0.46 Magnesia 1.8 2.0
Magnesia 1.59 0.41 to contain deposits of magnetite and Lime 0.10 1.07
Sulphur 0.024 0.029
hematite of excellent quality. A parti-
In other deposits, the titanium may
Central Ontario Magnetite. cularly noticeable feature connected
rise to ,15per cent., as at Litchfield.
The Central Ontario Railway traverses with these magnetites is the abundance
a district in which outcrop numerous de- of medium grade ores occurring along- Michipicoten District Helen Mine.
posits of iron ore, chiefly magnetite and side the rich magnetites. The ores of The ores of this district differ from
occasionally titaniferous magnetite. this district concentration be-
require tliose described aboye, being hematites
Though these deposits are numerous, yet fore they can be commercially consider- and limonites. This mine is Ontario's
their magnitude is of a disputable na- ed, as is pointed out by the history of largest single producer of iron ore. It
ture, so that their commercial value at these localities. These ores were worked IS situated on the Algoma Central and
present is uncertain. The ore bodies are so long ago as 1854, and in 1867 a blast Hudson's Bay Railway, in the Michipi-
separable into two classes: furnace was erected, but all this is now coten district. The ore is mined in fairly
(1)
Magnetites occurring along or a thing of the past. When ore is so in- lumpy condition, making it very suit-
near the contact of limestone and schists timately mixed with such minerals as able for blast furnace use, being easily
and various igneous rocks. calcite, chlorite, graphite, hornblend, reduced in the furnace. The chief im-
(2) Titaniferous magnetite associated pyrite, pyroxene and mica, it is easily purity of the Helen ore is pyrite,
with gabbro eruptives. understood how vital a question is con- wliich fortunately occurs in such a form
The district is a scattered one, some centration. The following analyses sub- as to allow of it being easily separated
eighteen mines being listed, but taking stantiate this statement: at tlie mines. As this ore has to be sub-
a few typical mines, the following may
be mentioned:
Square ft.
No. 4 deposit at Bessemer 50,000
Kankln & Child's properties 412,000
Blairton mlue 15i)'iO0
Belmont mine 43,000
Ottawa District.
This district is one of considerable
extent, but, as little work has been done
in any locality, it is extremely difficult to
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
ject to little concentration compared tent, or both, could not the fine ore as it roof is an opening registering with a
with that at other mines, it claims little comes from the concentrator be success- similar one in the reduction chamber,
of our attention under these circum- fully smelted? If this smelting could and, when the hearth is tilted, the con-
stances. be done at the mine, might not the les- tact broken at this junction. It
is is,
The Magpie Mine. sened tonnage for its transportation in however, rendered quite air-tight on re-
This mine, twelve miles north of the the form of pig metal make it profit- placing the furnace. The reduction
Helen Mine, and near the Magpie River, able? This is a considerable item when chamber is in the shape of an inverted
is chiefly composed of siderite. The ore we think of the distances which ores cone and opens direct to the stack where
has been proved for some 4,000 feet in frequently have to travel. the ore, flux and carbon are fed into the
length and at least 650 feet in depth, furnace at a height of some thirtee-i feet
Electric Furnace Treatment.
with an average width of 30 feet. In above the hearth.
This problem has occupied the atten-
1911, Dr. Goodwin reported 20,000,000 The ore, flux and carbon are stored lu
tion of James W. Moffat for many years,
tons of ore proved by diamond drilling. bins at the top of the building, and from
and he has designed and patented an
The fresh siderite is compact and quite the bottom of these bins the contents
electric furnace which promises well to
white, but soon weathers to the charac- are led to hoppers placed at the side of
meet such conditions as exist relative
teristic rust color of limonite. For the stack above the reduction chamber.
to Canadian ores. When a large quan- The materials are separately showered
comparison, the analysis of the Helen
tity of fine ore is used in the blast fur-
ore is given with tlie Magpie ore. into the fdrnac'i by means of worm
nace, a large proportion of it is carried
Magpie. Helen. screws, these being control^'! by three
.Metallic irou 40.00 oT.TT away with the rush of ascending gases
variable speed cone pulleys driven by a
Carbon dioxide 18.00-20.00 from the. furnace, filling up flues and
Lime 7.00 0.23 3- h.p. motor. They are so arranged that
Magnesia 5.00 0.14 accumulating under the boilers and in
Manganous oxide 2.00 O.Kio any single speed may be quickened or
Alumina 4.00 O.&S the blast stoves. Unfortunately, the
4.40
slackened independently of the others,
Silica 8.00 proportion remaining in the furnace
Phcsphorous 0.02 0.127 thus permitting any desired ratio, or all
Sulphur .S.50 0.136 tends to produce irregular working and
can be regulated together by changing
The high percentage of sulphur in those ills to which a blast furnace is
the speed of the large cone pulley di-
the Magpie ore is, of course, prohibitive heir.
rectly connected with the main shaft.
in the use of the raw ore, but fortunately The idea occurred to Mr. Moffat to
it can be completely removed by roast- reverse the condition of the blast fur- Preliminary Experiments.
ing, reducing it as low as 10 per cent., nace, and instead of making the gas The material used for the preliminary
while at the same time the ore loses {>ass through the more or less dense body experiments was blast furnace flue dust.
about 20.0 per cent, of its weight, and of descending material, reduction could This had several advantages: Firstly,
the iron content rises to over 50.0 per be obtained by passing a shower of fine that it was in a fine state of division,
cent. The ore, after roasting, is in ore through a body of hot ascending thus resembling the fine concentrates;
nodules, hard enough to stand shipment, gases. This is the basic idea of his fur- secondly, it permitted a concentration
though it still retains its porosity, and nace. To secure this condition, it neces- test being made; thirdly, it was a waste
only a little fine ore is produced. sitates the generation of heat by other product. The flue dust after concentra-
means than the combustion of fuel, and tion was of such fineness that 60 per
Concentrates and Briquetting.
electricity supplied this. After prelim- cent, passed a 60-mesh screen, and all
From the foregoing brief reference to
inary trials had been made on a small passed a 10-mesh screen. The analysis
the chief deposits of iron ore in Ontario,
scale in the laboratory, a 300 k.w. fur- of this concentrate is given below. For
it isseen that in only very rare cases is nace was built to meet commercial con- reduction purposes, coke breeze was
the ore suitable for smelting as mined,
ditions by the Moffat-Irving Steel Works used, and for flux, air-slacked lime.
owing to the considerable extent to at Toronto. The experiments made up Flue Dust.
which it is contaminated with the gan- to date have proved entirely satisfac- Silica 4.80
gue material, or the iron content of the Ferric oxide 87.36
tory and promise a solution of the ore Ferrous oxide 3.14
ore is too low to permit profitable smelt- The furnace of which illus- Lime 0.10
question. Alumina 2.40
ing. It is, therefore, necessary that the Magnesia
trations are given is of 300 k.w. and 0.30
ore be concentrated, and for this pur- Manganous oxide 0..56
tliree-phase type. Current is received at Sulphuric acid 0.14
pose magnetic concentration is generally 12,200 volts, which is stepped down by Phosphoric acid 0.115
r.arbon 0.82
employed. To enable this to be done
means of a transformer to 80 volts. It Loss on ignition 0.2
satisfactorily, the ore has to be crushed Metallic iron 63.60
is next delivered to the furnace through
to various degrees of fineness at the Coke Breeze. Lime.
the usual copper bus-bars, then by Ash 22.00 CaO 54.81
Moose Mountain from 80 to 100 mesh means of copper cables clamped on to S 1.2fi MgO 1.01
and when experiments were made at No. Vol. Car 6. .30 SiO 2.0S
three graphite electrodes, the clamps be- Fixed 71.70 P O 0.004
4 Bessemer, 50 per cent, of the crushed ing water-cooled. Bronze water jackets
ore passed through a 200 mesh. On the above analyses, the quantities
surround the electrodes where they pass
This fine ore cannot, however, be used of materials were calculated, and the
through the roof of the furnace.
in a blast furnace, therefore it is now speeds of charging were calculated on
necessary to nodulize or briquette it. In Moffat-Irving Furnace. the best Swedish practice of 1 lb. of
this there are great difficulties to be The electrodes are circular in section, metal per k.w. hour. Taking them as
overcome, a suitable briquetting or being S^/g in. diameter and 40 in. long. calculated, we used
nodulizing process for all ores having They are fitted for continuous feed and Flue dust for 1,000 lbs. of iron 1,572 lbs.
yet been discovered, for, when are regulated by hand. The furnace Coke dust for reduction 2S<) lbs.
not Lime for fluxing 278 lbs.
nodulized, the ores must stand transpor- of a hearth, a reduction
itself consists
tation, resist pressure in the furnace, chamber and a stack. The hearth, which Rate of Feeds.
and be fairly porous. Here, then, is the is enclosed in a steel shell, is of the tilt- One lb. of metal per k.w. hour at 250
problem of the Canadian ores. As the ing type operated by two hydraluic k.w. 250 lbs. of metal into furnace per
majority of them have to be crushed cylinders placed underneath the furnace. hour.
either to separate the ore from the gan- The lining is of magnesia brick and 1,572 lbs. of ore at 393 lbs. per hour
gne material or increase the iron con- magnesite and tar. In the centre of the would take four hours.
.
districts, where there is abundant water going results are of great importance, as After casting, the metal is properly
supply, capable of delivering power at they prove that not only are fines able water-toughened. The new alloy is a
a low rate. The extensive forests in the to be smelted, but that fines alone have poor conductor of heat and practically
neighborhood of the iron ore deposits been successfully reduced. Again, the nonmagnetic.
would supply the necessary charcoal results are of value for their immediate The patent has been assigned to the
used in the reduction of the ores. bearing upon the future development of Taylor-Wharton Iron and Steel Co.,
The possibility of electric smelting the iron ores of Canada. Hiffh Bridge, N.J. Iron Age.
PRODUCTION METHODS and DEVICES
A Department for the Interchange and Distribution of Shop and Office Data
and Ideas Evolved from Actual Practical Application and Experience
WEDGE FOR HAMMER HEADS. fire insurance, compressed air, cost of of pig iron, cast scrap, steel scrap, al-
I''()renicn
Clerks
(Jeneral hibor
Overhead expense
Total
Materials.
Metals
WEDGE F(n{ HAMMER HEADS. Coke and cupola material
Molding
viland edge-in to a slightly wedge shape, Cores
General
when the entering edge will frill up, as I'oor castiugs
shown in the sketch. All that is now Total
necessary nick the shaft with a
is to (4rand total
hack saw or chisel, and drive the wedge % fastings.
Machine made
home. It will enter easily, do the ex- Green sa'nd
panding and not come out. With suit'- Dry saud
Miscellaneous
able material it can be easily made cold Total
as well as hot.
In order that information may
all this and bad castings with their weig'hts and
CONCERNING FOUNDRY COSTS. lie accurately preserved,
it is necessary to what cause the defective castings may
By "Melter." to liave distinct record books; one for be attributed. A further book should
the mixture wliich gives the percentages give the order number, invoice number,
THE problem of how to keep uniform
foundry costs with a maximum efficiency
at a minimum of time and expense is a
Material. Date
difficulty experienced by all founders,
and, while no two systems are identical Material. Quantity Price Amount
in all details, the same basic principles Melting Form No. 2
are involved.
Tiiere are in all five distinct divisions Total
into which costs may
be divided, name-
Molding
ly: materials, productive labor, unpro-
ductive labor, commercial, overhead.
Total
Tliese divisions are again subdivided
into: Coi-e room
l.-^Materials, consisting of metals used,
alloys, lime, coke, sands, gravels, facings, Total
core room supplies, chaplets, lumber for
Sundry e.xpenses
flasks.
2.
Labor, productive, consisting of Tot.il
moulding, moulders' helpers, cupola
labor, core makers, core makers' help- (intpnt
12 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
description of casting, pattern number, OUR LACK OF MANUFACTURING had undertaken and they had perforce to
average weight, total weight, number EFFICIENCY. instruct ignorant employees. They had
ordered and number shipped. By "President." to fight the losses and worries the best
In connection with the order book, an WHILE the European war has given part of their lives before they got an or-
order card should be employed. This to Canadian manufacturers quite the ganization that was even fairly efficient.
card is filled in (with number required, greatest opportunity in their history, The elimination of waste, which is ef-
etc.), and affixed to the pattern with a it has also developed a line of ficiency, they knew nothing of in the
tack and placed in the rack ivhere in criticism of them that will undoubtedly early days. The Germans on the other
due time it is put on the floor and 1)6 heard much of in the years to come. hand were taught this lesson at the out-
filled in dailyby the contract clerk, as- We are everlastingly hearing of Germ- set and they have thousands of efficiency
sisted by the molder. The card gives all any's successes in many fields, and the experts and thoroughly trained men for
every department of their business.
Great Britain, too, in many lines is most
Order Card. Date. efficiently organized, and where she is
so the Germans have not been able to
Ordei- Pattern Number Date Date
compete with her in either cost of pro-
Number. Number. Wanted. Required. Finished.
duction or quality. They have beaten
Price Number her in many cases in salesmanship.
Per Mold. of Cores Per
Casting.
Training Employees.
,
dier. Yet the recruit is under capable
instructors all the time. His work is
simple. It is laid down exactly in the
drill books and when he comes to apply
his work in war he is under the direction
of more highly trained men than him-
self and is required chiefly to obey their
orders or use a fair degree of common
sense when otherwise.
If all this training is required to make
BURLINGTON STEEL CO. OUTPUT have the entire approval and sanction of 090,709 tons to Windmill Point. Last
isvery difBcult to outline the steps the British Government who express year 629,716 tons went to Hochelaga
IT that any industry takes to offset a themselves as entirely satisfied with the and 827,931 tons to Windmill Point. The
trade depression. It necessitates, precautions that have been taken. rest of the coal was delivered at the fol-
of course, many changes in the organ- lowing points: Quebec. 109,968 tons this
U.S. Consumption.
ization, such as more economical meth- year as compared with 106,109 tons last
"It must be borne in mind that nickel
ods of production and smaller margin year; Three Rivers, 153,6.36 tons this
exported from Canada to the United
of profits. During the past year most year as against 68,088 tons; and Levis,
States is used in a large number of in-
industries have practically sacrificed 55,724 tons as compared with 82,432 last
dustries in that country, and prohibition
their profits in order to obtain every year. Levis, is the only point showing a
of the export, except for the most urgent
pound of business which is going in decrease in tlie amount shipped this
reasons would be undesirable, as it would
Canada, and so keep their mills in op- vear.
produce great business disturbances in a
eration and hold their organizations.
country, whose sympathies are very
The Burlington Steel Co. htive during strongly with the cause of the allies. COKE PRODUCTION IN CANADA.
the past year produced about 15,000 tons
Moreover, the Government is informed THE total quantity of coke made in
of steel bars, these consisting principal-
that there is an output of nickel in Nor- Canadian coke oven plants during 1913
ly of reinforcing steel, angles, flats,
way controlled by German interests fi'om ])oth domestic and imported coals
channels, etc., for use among the agri-
which could furnish a sufficient supply was 1.517,1.33 tons. The quantity of
cultural implement makers and other in-
for German requirements during the coal used for this production was 2,247,-
dustries using these commodities. The
present war." 913 tons, of which 1,698,912 tons were
production of a number of special sec-
domestic coal and 549,001 tons were im-
tions which up to the present time have
almost entirely been made either ported. Of the total jiroduction during
in This European War is going to
the year, 67 per cent., or 1,018.632 tons,
Germany or England, was also under- be a long drawn-out struggle, but
taken. we shall not sheath the sword was made in by-product ovens.
which we have not lightly drawn In 1912 1,406,028 tons of coke were
until Belgium recovers in full mea- made from 2,053,807 tons of coal, of
CANADIAN GOVERNMENT MEM- sure all and more than all that she which 1,528,509 tons were mined in Can-
ORANDUM RE NICKEL. has sacrificed, until France is ade- ada and 525,298 tons imported. The
THE following memorandum was is- quately secured against the men- quantity of coke sold or used by the
ace of aggression, until the rights
sued by the Dominion Government on producers in 1913 was 1,530,499 tons, as
of the smaller nationalities of
December 26 :
compared with 1,411,229 tons in 1912.
Europe are placed upon an unas-
"Various criticisms liavo appeared in The consumption of coke in Canada is
sailable foundation, and until the
the press with regard to the export of military domination of Prussia is
much in excess of tlie domestic produc-
nickel matte from Canada to the United fully and finally destroyed. That tion, there being a considerable impor-
States. is a great task worthy of a great tation of coke cliiefly into Ontario and
"The whole subject has been under nation. It means for its accom- Quebec for use in tlie metallurgical in-
careful consideration and imestigation plishment that every man among dustries.
us, old or young, rich or poor, busy
by the Government of Canada since the The imports of coke during tlie cal-
or leisured, learned or simple,
commencement of the war, and they have endar year 1913 were 723,906 tons, and
should give what he has and do
been in frequent communication with the exports 68.235 tons. Adding the pro-
British Government as to the precau-
what he can. H. H. Asquith.
tlie
coke output of these Western Provinces Coke Ovens By-Products. senger cars, and locomotives of all de-
is used chiefly by the copper and lead The production of by-products from scriptions and weights. These are the'
sm.elters, finding: amarket in the United leading couplers in use in the United
coke ovens in 1913 at Sydney and Sault
States as well as in Canada. States and the capacity at Welland is
Ste. Marie included 8,371,600 gallons of
such as to be able to care for the entire
Coke Ovens in Operation. tar and 10,608 tons of sulphate of am-
requirement of car builders and rail-
monia. In 1912. the production was
total number of ovens in active
The roads in Canada. There is also full
8.428.896 gallons of tar and 11,289 tons
operation on December 31, 1913, was equipment at this plant for the manu-
of sulphate of ammonia.
1,720, while 1,375 were reported idle on facture of miscellaneous steel castings.
the same date. In Nova Scotia, tlie Do- The rolling mill has a capacity of about
minion Iron and Steel Co. has 620 fin- 4,000 tons of finished product per month,
ished ovens, all of the Otto Hoffman by- DOMINION STEEL CORPORATION. consisting of both iron and steel mer-
product type. The by-products from AT the close of last year there were chant bars, also standard angles, chan-
these ovens include tar, sulphate of am- some indications of a possible shrinkage nels and "Z" bars, such as are used in
monia, and gras. The tar is sold to the in trade and of a reduction in indus-
steel car construction.
Dominion Tar & Chemical Co., whose trial activity in Canada. During the
At the Point
St. Charles plant are sev-
works are contiguous to the coke oven earlier months of this year these condi-
eral departments, chief of which is a
plant, and this product is treated for tions were more or less marked, but the
steel foundry with a normal capacity
the manufacture of refined tar, v''itch of operations of the Dominion Iron & Steel
of 900 to 1,000 tons of miscellaneous
various grades, benzole, cresote, carbolic Co., Ltd., were kept about the average
acid open hearth steel castings per
acid, and many other tar products. Sul- by orders received from Australia and
month. The frog and switca depart-
phate of ammonia is produced in crystal- South Africa. Later there came the pro-
ment is at this plant, there being capa-
lizedform for the trade, and the ,.?as is mise of a renewal of activity in the shape
city of 250 complete sets of switch ma-
used in the company's furnace opera- of large contracts for rails and other
terial per month, in addition to built-up
tions. materials required for the construction
diamonds of all types for steam rail-
The Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co. has of the .great railways and public works
roads. The spring department is also
30 ovens of the Bauer type and 120 in the various parts of the Dominion,
located at Point St. Charles, where are
Bernard ovens. The latter are situated and orders for lighter forms of steel
manufactured all classes of both coil
near the blast furnaces, and tlie surplus for general consumption.
and elliptic springs, although specializ-
j:as is used for the production of steam Work on these had only .well begun ing largely on springs for cars and loco-
tor the electric power plant. The surplus when war was declared, and general dis- motives. Miscellaneous spring work from
gas from the Bauer ovens is used in gen- iiiption of business arrangements en- smallest types to the largest in both
erating steam for sreneral colliery use. sued. For a time operations were re- coils and ellipties is also turned out.
The other ovens in Nova Scotia number duced to a minimum, and the outlook The grey iron foundry here produces all
178, and are all of the Beehive type. was most discouraging. Efforts were classes of miscellaneous iron castings
In Ontario, the Atikokan Iron Co.. has made to secure market in Great Britain for the general trade.
100 Beehive ovens at Port Arthur, and for some portion of the company's out-
tlie Algoma Steel Corporation, Ltd., 110 put and these were fairly successful.
At Longue Pointe there is a steel
Koppers by-product regenerative ovens Operations have been
foundry and machine shop for the finish-
gradually in-
at Sault Ste. Marie, tar. sulphate of am- iuQ- and assembling of manganese track
creased and the working force is now
monia and gas are recovered as by- work for steam and electric roads. The
about two-thirds of the normal.
products. foundry has a capacity of about 1,800
The output of the principal products
Alberta the International Coal &
In tons per month, the output in 1913 be-
during the year is approximately as fol-
Coke Co. has 216 ovens of the Beehive ing at the rate of from 1.500 to 1,600
lows:
type at Coleman. The West Canadian tons per month. All classes of castings
Tons.
Collieries. Ltd., at Lille, has 50 ovens of irrespective of size or weight are made
Iron ore mined 335,000
the Bernard or Belgian type, and the at this plant. The variation in weight
Limestone quarried 295.000
Leitch Colleries, Ltd.. has 101 Mitchell runs from one pound to one hundred
Pig iron made 181,000
rectangular ovens at Passburc'. The thousand lb. A specialty is made of cast-
Steel ingots made 237,500
ings for locomotives, of all
ovens of the latter two companies were steel rolls
Rails made 120,000
sizes for rolling mills, also castingsfor
idle durins,' 1913.
Blooms & Billets for same 23,500
vessels of types and sizes^
The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co. has all
Wire rods made 37,700
the foundry being the only one in Can-
454 Beehive ovens at Fernie. 486 at
Wire and wire products 26,000
ada, and one of the few in America.
Michel, and 240 at Carbonado, the lat-
Steel bars 15,000
ter having been idle for some years past. resri=tered at Lloyd's and recosmized by
at Hosmer, and the Canadian Collieries CANADIAN STEEL FOUNDRIES, to be classed at Lloyd's.
(Dunsmuir). Ltd.. 150 ovens at Comox LTD. In addition to acid open hearth cast-
on Vancouver Island. THE Canadian Steel Foundries, Ltd., ings, .there are made vanadium and man-
The exports of coke during the cal- operate three plants, one, at Welland, ganese steel. The manganese steel
endar year 1913 were 68.235 tons, as one at Point St. Charles, Montreal, and amounts to a large tonnage and is used
aeainst 57,744 tons exported in 1912, and one at Longue Pointe, Montreal. The in all castings that are subject to ex-
9.852 tons in 1911. These exports are Welland plant consists of a steel foun- cessive wear, such as discs for crush-
all from British Columbia and Alberta. dry and rolling mill, and specializes in ing machines, rubbing blocks, etc. Their
The imports of coke during the calen- the manufacture of car couplers. There principal use, however, is in track
dar year 1913 were 723,906 tons valued is a capacity of about 400 complete work, in which the company specializes,, ,
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN 15
manu:Cacturing solid manganese and in- kept at a steady level until early in May steel industry on account of the war. Up
sert manganese intersections, frogs and dropped a dollar a ton and remained at to war has had a dis-
the present the
switches for street railways, also dia- tliat level until early in August when tinctly adverse effect, and the possibili-
mond crossings and frogs for steam rail- they went back to the o'^iginal figure. It ties ofmuch new business in this direc-
roads. will be noted that during the first half- tion can only be conjectured.
The output of the Canadian Steel year the steel trade had been quiet but During the second half-year, the fin-
Foundries for the year 1914 has been, gradually improving towards the latter ancial stringency affected the steel trade
as was to be expected, much below nor- pivr of that period. as during the first half, but only more
mal, the figures, as we go to press how- This improvement, however, was not acutely. Manufacturing plants using
ever, not being completely available for destined to continue, for early in iron and steel were exceptionally quiet,
purposes of comparison. August, Great Britain and of course Can- operating at considerably reduced capa-
ada, became involved in the most gig- city. Foundries were also in the same
antic struggle that the world has ever condition,and at the end of the year
IRON AND STEEL TRADE REVIEW, seen. Naturally the trade of the coun- there are few signs of any immediate
1914. try was then thrown into a .'tate of improvement. The building trade dur-
THE industrial depression prevailing in chaos and for a time tci re was a species ing the second half-year was even in a
Canada opening of the year was
at the of panic in business circV't*. All indis-
worse condition than at any time during
very apparent in the iron and steel trade. tries were affected for a time, but gradu-
the first half. The demand for struc-
Conditions were similar to the last few ally the commonsense attitude of the tural shapes therefore fell off consider-
months of 1913 when trade fell off after people asserted and a serious ef-
iii-elf
ably. From the low level reached at the
a period of good business earlier in that fort was made keep the wiieels of
to
end of July, prices in August advanced
year. A noticeable feature during 1914 inunstry moving, and as many men em-
to the same level as obtained in Janu-
was the falling off in building permits;
ary. At the beginning of October the
most districts, every month, showing a
highest level of the year was reached
decrease over the corresponding month Good advice to produce more
but, by the middle of the month, prices
of the preceding year. This of course, is heard on every hand, but there
vitally affected the steel trades, as it in- is little or no capacity shown in
began to decline until the present low
level was reached early in November.
cluded in the decline larger buildings, Grovernmental circles in the mat-
also factory extensions. The financial ter of affording opportunity to Pig Iron.
stringency was of course responsible for do so. Since the Minister of Pig iron, while subject to practically
the curtailment. It also had the effect Finance advised the people of the same conditions as steel, did not
of retarding the development of indus- Canada to produce more, there fluctuate to the same extent, prices keep-
tries generally and putting a check on has been a pause of eager antici- ing fairly steady. Early in the year the
the building of new factories. pation for a Governmental move market was weak and never assumed
Another feature affecting the steel toward affording the opportunity. any degree of strength. Prices gradu-
trade was the decline in railway con- ally declined and at the end of the year
struction which up to the last few are at a slightly lower level than at the
months had been proceeding at a rapid pl(\yfd as possible. This eflort met witli beginning. The Canada Iron Corpora-
rate. The railways were obliged for a certain amount of success and condi- tion's furnaces at Midland, Ont., were
economic reasons to considerably cur- tionr, were later on further improved sl)ut down throughout the year, but all
PRODUCT JANY FE9Y. MARCH. APRIL. MAY. J UNE. JULY. AUGUST. SEPTR. OCTOBETK. NOVR. DECK. PRODUCT
2*
a I? ii is
f ^
1,
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it
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BARS BARS
PLATES
;i i; PLyvTES
SHAPES
I I I SHAPES
tail theirexpenditures, and new projects when orders for several million dollars' other plants have produced some pig:
were the first thing to be abandoned. wort!)of war equipment and material iron. At the end of September, the Vic-
The policy of retrenchement was carried were distributed among Canadian con- toria Furnace at Port Colborne, Ont.,
so far as to stop buying locomotives and cerns. was blown out, while in November the
rolling stock that absolutely
except The steel trade was unfortunately Steel Company of Canada blew in a
needed. Locomotive and car builders rather badly hit by the war as the ord- furnace at Hamilton which had been
consequently suffered, and rail mills ers placed for war material did not by shut down for some time. There was a
were quiet all the year. The Govern- any means compensate for the loss of light demand all the year.
ment grant to the C. N. K. raised great business from ordinary sources. The With regard to steel products gener-
expectations of large expenditures in Dominion Steel Corporation were per- ally, it is liardly necessary to mention
connection with the completion of the haps the most fortunate in this respect tiiem in detail was dull in
as business
r-naA, Vint the unexpected happenings in as they received fairly large orders for all lines.The returns of the year when
August put a stop to that al-o. wire and wire products. Strong efforts published will show a marked falling off
A revival in the steel trade was look- were and still are being made by repre- even from the preceding year which
ed for in the late spring, but it did not sentatives of all the steel mills to obtain could hardly be called a boom year. A
materialize to any marked degi'ee, al- new business, but in this they have only satisfactory feature, however, is the op-
though the industrial situation did im- so far been partially successful. There timistic spirit which prevails in busi-
prove during the summer. Priceson have been many views expressed as to ness circles a feeling that the depres-
;
bars, plates and small shapes which had the benefits which may accrue to the sion is only of a temporary nature, and;
t ^ 1 1 '
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IG CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
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PRICE FLUCTUATIONS OP LEADING ENGLISH, CANADIAN, AND AMERICAN BRANDS OF PIG IRON DURING 1914.
UAH FEB. 1 MAR. APRIL. MAY JUNE. 1 JULY. AUGUST. SEPTR. 1 OCTOBER. 1
NOVR. 1 OETCR.
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that in time the steel industry will re- has been gradually getting stronger un- doubt, be maintained if not augmented
vive and develop to a greater extent tilthe end of the year finds tin in a during the coming year.
than ever before experienced. One re- strong position at 36 cents. The metal
Spelter.
sult of the war may be that a more ex- exchanges in London and New York
tensive line of products will eventually opened on November 9 and had a steady- Dullness was the principal character-
be made in Canada. The opportunity ing effect on the market. istic ofthe spelter market until August,
has; been presented, and it is to be hoped when the war broke out and created a
Copper.
that it will be possible for the mills to unique situation. The world's production
take full advanta.se of the situation In time of war, copper is one of, if not and consumption are in normal times fair-
which is unparallelled. the most important of all the metals, but ly evenly balanced. As the German, Aus-
the market, considering the circum- trian and Belgium productions are now
stances, has been remarkably steady. The cut the United States is the only large
off,
METAL MARKETS DURING 1914. market this year has not been subject to producing country. In ordinary times,
THE year now closing will g-o down to the same fluctuations even as in some the latter consumes practically its entire
posterity as one of the most momentous previous years. The supply is more or production, and this in conjunction with
in the world's history. Never perhaps, less controlled according to the demand. the present heavy demand from Europe,
was the trade of the world so badly dis- The main sources of supply, the United makes the spelter situation at the close
organized as during the few weeks fol- States and Mexico, were never in danger of this year a strong one. There has been
lowing the outbreak of the European war of being cut off from the principal mar- comparatively little fluctuation in prices
early in August. The important part ket, which this year has been Europe. during the year, the difference between
which metals play in time of war will be The copper situation, however, is very un- the high and low levels being apjiroxi-
conceded when it is realized that tin, cop- settled, as being contraband of war, it is mately 75 cents. The price was steady
per, lead, and antimony are absolutely in- subject to seizure by Great Britain when untilAugust when the market became
dispensable in the manufacture of its mu- consigned even to neutral ports. Negoti- somewhat erratic. A high level of 6 cents
nitions. For this reason, the fluctuations ations, however, are under way between was reached early in September and
markets have for the past five
in the metal Great Britain and the United States to- maintained until the end of the year with
months been followed with more than wards possible relief of the situation. the exception of a temporary weakness
ordinary interest. With the exception of At the beginning of the year, copper early in November.
18 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
sive and unequitable assessments. This difficulty has been
The MacLean Publishing Company partly overcome in New York State by a system of re-
LIMITED funds, care being taken to so arrange the final assessment
(ESTABLISHED 1888.)
JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN - - - - President that the employer feels directly the result of extra effort
H. T. HUNTER General Manager in the care of the people in his employ.
H. V. TYRRELL, ... - Asst. General Manager
employees' welfare
One aspect of
work however, will be entirely
PUBLISHERS
changed by the present legislative enactments.
Steps taken and money invested in the preservation of
Metal Industry News will now make this a general condition attached to manu-
facturing and constructive business in Canada, and while
A Monthly Technical Journal devoted to the Foundry and Metal the welfare of employees must, more than ever, be the
Industries.
result of personal thought and good-will on the part of
PETER BAIN,
B. G. NEWTON
COODINGTON,
...
Ph.B.
M.E., Editor.
-
-
-
Advertising Manager
Circulation Manager
their employers, it is not to be expected that as direct
financial results will accrue to the latter as heretofore.
J. I.
OFFICES: There is, however, a vast field of activity in this direction
CANADA
Rooms 701-702 Eastern Townships Bank Building,
Montreal open to the leaders of large corporations such as the
Telephone Main 1255.
Toronto 143-149 University Ave. Telephone Main 7324. provision of good homes, education, and the creation of
Winnipeg 34 Royal Bank Building. Phone Garry 2313. healthy moral surroundings. These humanitarian branches
UNITED STATES of the employer's responsibility, while not yielding a fin-
New Y'ork R. B. Huestis, 115 Broadway, New York.
Telephone S971 Rector. ancial profit, contribute immeasurably to the "holding"
Chicago A. H. Byrne, Phone Midway 1820.
Boston C. L. Morton. Room 733. Old South BIdg., of workmen, the indirect importance of which has only
Telephone Main 1024.
recently been realized.
GREAT BRITAIN
London The MacLeaii Company of Great Britain, Limited. come to our notice several workman's bene-
Tliere have
88 Fleet Street. B.C. E. .T. Dodd. Director. Telephone Central
129C0. Addre*: Atabek, London, England. fit associations, but generally the only connection these
SUBSCRIPTION RATE: societies have with the officials of the company organiza-
Canada, $1.00 for two years; United States, $1.50 for two tionis that the treasurer withholds from the pay envelopes
years; Great Britain, Australia and other colonies. 4s. 6d., for two each week or month the assessment for the benefit funds
years; other countries, $1.50 for two years. Advertising rates
on request. and which he turns over to the benefit society treasurer.
Subscribers who are not receiving their paper regularly will
confer a favor by letting us know. We should be notified at The association is administered entirely by officials elected
once of any change in address, giving both old and new. from among the employees and in some cases has been
a far-reaching success. The gi-eatest drawback, and in one
Vol. VI. JANUARY, 1915 No. 1
instance the cause of failure has been the tendency of
foremen to give the society little thought when hiring new
PRINCIPAL CONTENTS.
help. Instead of taking on men more or less after the
Development of the Copper Smelting Industry in Canada.. 1-6
manner that insurance companies accept risks, they are
A Possible Solution of the Iron Ore Problem in Canada... 7-10
inclined to hire those who may even be cheap on account
A New Manganese Steel 10
of the lack of physical stamina. This eventually must
Production Methods and Devices 11-12
Wedge for Hammer Heads. .. .Concerning Foundry tend to bring a heavy tax on the resources of the mutual
Costs.... Our Lack of Manufacturing Efficiency. benefit society. The most successful institution of this
Trade and Commerce Record 13-17 kind of which we have heard is that in which evidence of
Burlington Steel Co. Output ... .Canadian Government official interest is apparent by each member of the firm
Memorandum re Nickel Dominion Coal Co. Output
being assessed a monthly amount considerably in excess
....Coke Production in Canada. .. .Dominion Steel Cor-
poration. .. .Canadian Steel Foundries, Ltd Iron and of that paid by the individual employees.
Steel Trade Review. .. .Metal Alarkets During 1914. The welfare scheme that produces the best results and
Editorial 18 develops the greatest harmony between employers and
Plating and Polishing Department 19-30 employed is, and will always be the one that recognizes
Abe Winter's Letters, IV Nickel Silver. .. .Grinding
the personal element of good-will. Few managers realize
and Polishiiig Machinery A New Facer, Buffer and
Polisher. that a Christmas present, if presented personally would
Trade Gossip, Catalogues (Advtg. Section) 28 be ir. every case worth many times more to both him who
gives and him who receives, than if otherwise distributed.
EMPLOYEES' WELFARE. The director, shareholder or working official to-day who
has not time to consider the welfare of his employees is
THE year just passed has been notable for the adop-
tion throughout Canada of a number of Acts for like a mechanic who has no time to sharpen his tools, or
workmen's protection and compensation in case of the salesman wlio is too busy to brush his clothes.
injury or death through accident in the course of their
employment. Although these and similar legislation tend
to make employees' welfare, to a certain extent, a legal THE patronage to wliich Canadian Foundryman since its
necessity on the part of employers, the sphere in which establishment has been accustomed to increases with each
the latter may show their personal consideration for their succeeding year and we as its publishers take naturally
work people is not narrowed to any appreciable extent. some little pride in the fact. The spirit sliown by our
Much of the legislation referred to, notably the recent- subscribers and advertisers in these trying days is such
ly passed Province of Ontario Act, has been indirectly as will make 1915 from its dawn t)nwards the harbinger
adopted from Germany and may yet require considerable and bearer of greater opportunity and enlarged appropria-
amending before it will work smoothly under Canadian tion and, needless to saj^, as in the past, we are ready
conditions. The objections so far urged come from the tlirough the medium of our publication to measure up to
manufacturers, and are expressed in the matter of exces- every requirement.
PLATING AND POLISHING DEPARTMENT
Practical Articles, Useful Data, Descriptions of Machinery,
Equipment, etc., Used in the Plating and Polishing Industry.
ABE WINTER'S LETTERS.IV. polishing is caused by the use of inferior Inferior glue will not retain the emery
DEAR
Henry, Your purchase of glue or by improper use of a good glue. and consequently the wheel efficiency is
the job shop was indeed a bold The speed of the wheel and other condi- very limited.
stroke at this particular time, but tions may be perfectly adapted to the The glue should not be applied to the
with perseverance and energy you will class of work being treated and yet, if wheel too thick, else there will be waste.
no doubt be able to keep the place busy, the application of the glue be wrong or If applied too thin, the emery cannot get
as repairing should increase from now the quality poor, the maximum efficiency the proper setting and naturally soon
on. You write thus: of the wheel cannot be obtained. Some wears off. Emery should be so held by
''My knowledge of poiishirig wheel
workmen abuse a polishing wheel by the glue that when the emery crystals
speeds is very limited and reliable ad- working on the glue after the emery is are broken by wear the remaining por-
vice is difficult to obtain in this locality. worn off, and then blame the wheel for tion of the crystals present a new set of
I do not get enough work polish.ed in an burning the work, nevertheless a polish- firmly held edges to the work. Unless
hour to satisfy my requirements. ing wheel will not burn the work if the crystal is retained solidly, it either
Our
work is general jobbing only, and must properly used. flics from the wheel or is loosened to the
per cent. The above points are usually sist on 15,000 feet, but 12,000 feet is a
of greater importance than the speed of dissolve it. In fact the glue should
fair speed for miscellaneous work. A
the wheel which of course must also re- lathe with a spindle revolving ,3,600
never be heated to more than 212 de-
ceive due consideration and, with gen- times per minute should prove highly ef-
grees Fah., the boiling point of water,
eral reference to polishing wheels, should ficient for all lines of work usually treat-
because greater heat will ruin it. Again
be approximately 2,000 to 2,500 r.p.m., ed in the average shop. For coloring
do not place the glue pot directly over
for stove parts, forsrings, brass castings, onlv, slower speeds are permissible;
the fire in an attempt to hasten the
cycle parts, etc. This applies to wheels (),()00 to 10.000 feet per minute being
operation, as in so doing you are actu-
of from 10 inches to 14 inches diameter, ample.
ally defeating the idea aimed at. Al-
but if smaller wheels are employed, the ways bring the glue to the proper work- Solid Emery Wheel Speeds.
speed may be greater. Again, if larger ing consistency: by heating the glue pot Nowwith reference to solid emery or
wheels are used, much depends upon the while surrounded by a water jacket. grinding wheel speeds, we have similar
skill of the workman whether a reduction Sheet glue requires soaking over night conditions to consider, as the speed has
of speed is necessary. or several hours during the day. Ground a direct bearing on the effect produced
Glue and Emery Quality. glue does not require as long time soak- })y the wheel. As in polishing or buf-
The quality of emery and glue used ing, .30 minutes being usually sufficient fing the greater frequency of wheel -sur-
has a direct bearing on the speed of for this grade. The latter is not, how- face strokes upon a given surface of the
polishing wheels: i.e., the efficient speed ever, an efficient glue for emery, al- article being ground, the quicker the de-
will be limited by the melting point of though some men use no other. sired effect on the article is obtainable:
the also ])y the liardness of the
glue Superheated glue loses its properties yet in grinding, there is a tendencv to
emery. Different grades of glue have of adhesiveness and is utterly useless for exceed the effective limit of the wheel,
different melting points, therefore it is polifiliing or other purposes. No matter and the grains of abrasive material be-
necessary to select a high grade hide how excellent may be its quality, over- ctmie dull and heat the article being
stock glue; the sheet or flake variety is heating or scalding will ruin it. A ser- ground. To minimize this condition, a
preferable for emery. vice glue must be flexible, uniform in softer wheel should be used. Again, we
Much waste and annovance in emery structure and of good adhesive strength. may find that a wheel is operated too
20 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
slowlj' for economic weai-
a change to revolving plate is driven by bevel gears numeral (4). The whole constitutes a
higher speed causing less wear on the attached to their outer edges. The driv- machine covering a wide range of diffi-
wheel for a given amount of work. ing is done by the small bevel pinion be- cult work and occupying little floor
For ordinary grinding, such as is done tween the two i)lates as shown which space.
in foundries and general machine shop ol)viously causes tliem to rotate in oppo-
pi'actice, a surface speed of 5,000 per site directions. The bottom plate con-
minute is a fair medium, giving a wheel tains a 4-inch boss which fits into a cor- GRINDING AND POLISHING
stress of 48 lbs. per sq. in. Special oc- responding depression in the base of the MACHINERY.
casions may demand a speed of greater machine and, of course, is fitted with GRINDING and polishing machinery
or less velocity, but higher speeds should tlie steel ball race; the whole running in
vras discussed at the second annual con-
be used with caution. A 10-in. grinding a bath of oil and giving a solid and uni- ference on welfare and ef-
industrial
wheel running at 5,000 feet per minute, form bearing capable of carryinu' a \V(U-k- ficiency at Harrisburg, Pa., by Charles
would have to revolve at 1,530 r.p.m., ing load of seven tons. G. Smith, president and general manager
or a 12-in. wheel at 1,275 r.p.m. approxi- Tlie j)eining is done
or straiglilening .if the Pittsburg Emery Wheel Co. The
mately. liy tlie which contains a large
plate (.3) conference was called by the Depart-
General Observations number of spirally arranged, hardened ment of Labor and Industry of Pennsyl-
The machines in all cases must be as balls and the spiral arrangement insures vania with the co-operation of the En-
free from vibration as it is possible to that no two balls follow exactlv tlie gineers' Society of Pennsylvania.
make them in order to obtain efficient About fifteen years ago, said the auth-
lesLVlts and maintain safe and economic or, the taper on the sides of tapered
conditions for the operator. The belts wheels was V2 in. to the foot on each
should be kept in good repair and prop- side of the Avheel and the flanges were
erly adjusted and tlie oiling and clean- made of grey iron castings, but when it
ing of the machines must not be neglect- was learned that about 30 per cent, high-
ed. Everything else depends largely up- er speed than was commonly understood
on the skill of the operator and elimina- and recognized as a reasonably safe
tion of useless motions. If you are in speed for emery wheels would give so
doubt about the time required to finisli much greater and more economical pro-
a piece of work, try it yourself and, in duction, there were several instances
so doing, endeavor to reduce the nuiiil)or whcie the flange lias broken. We then,
of movements necessary to obtain cer- iihout ten years ago. changed this taper
Inin results. Repeat the attempt until lo ''4 in. to the foot on each side and in-
y(tu are satisfied and tlion instruct tlie crciisedthe thickness of these flanges.
workman to follow your example; but do Since then there have been practically
not criticize the efforts oi' an employee no serious accidents. Nearly all acci-
until you are sure he is at fault, as by dents that have happened were because
so doing you encourage a degree of con- flanges were too small in diameter, leav-
tempt in the mind of the workman for ing too much of the wheel exposed be-
your knowledge of the business. A fore- yond tlie rim of the flanges.
man should always be close to the situa- Very recently there has been a strong
tion, know wiiat he is doing, and not take
BALL-BEARINn RI'FFIXO .\.\I>
POLISHING MACHINE. movement demanding the removal of the
anything for granted. dust from all grinding and polishing
same cii'cle on the disc. Tlie effect of machines. There are no-n* some manu-
thus rolling the i)late is to plate every facturers working on designs of devices
A NEW FACER BUFFER AND part of the under a uniform
surface for taking- care of this feature in addi-
POLISHER. Icnsiiin and it leaves the machine, after tion to the aforementioned features and
By Wm. Gibbs. 15 seconds treatment, perfectly fiat ami there are already some machines on the
THE straightening of flat or dislied siraiulit. The ujiper ))late is shown at market with all these provisions.
disks by hand is a tedious ami difficult (4), while at (5) is the hand wheel for The National Association of Abrasive
process and has, in fact, been regarded adjiistiim- the pressure between the Wheel Manufacturers has a safety com-
as a trade in itself, particularly when plates. At (6) is shown half of the mittee. This committee proposes to sub-
applied to cireulat saws and simijar small nut with the groove (7) in the mit standards to the commissioners of
plates which require not only to be trued u]>lier half; (8) is a roller bearing sup- labor of
the various manufacturing-
U11 l)ut to be given a certain initial ten- porting the screw. The weight of the states, insurance companies. various
sion. In the accompanying ilhistration, complete machine with all attachments trades bodies. such as the National
is shown a machine designed for this is 1.350 pounds. Metal Trades Association. National
purpose. It is properly known as a ball The machine is driven by a belt so as Association of Manufacturers, etc., as
bearing, double plate rotary facer, buf- to give either a jTolisliing or a rolling- well as to the users of grinding and
fer and polisher and was designed })y speed. The work to be straightened and polishing machinery in an effort to get
Wm. Gibbs, of Brantford, for tlie iiur- polished is first idaced between the ball co-operation alons- these standards. In
pose of straighten no- and i)o]isl)ing disk
i plates and sufficient prssure apjilied by the enforcement of any law along the use
plats for plows, seed drills, plough coult- ini-ans of the hand wheel and screw, this of safety devices with grinding wheels,
ers, grinder plates, saws, etc. Any disc de))ending uiion the nature of the ma- it must always be recognized there
up to 18 inches in diameter and up to terial. After the batch has been thus pre certain operations that will prohibit
14 inch thick can be conveniently handled peined at a speed of 300 r.p.m., the ball the use of any protecting device and it
by the machine. ])lates exchanged for emery discs,
are will be impossible to make the applica-
The body of the machine is shown by the machine speeded up to about 1,800 r. tion apply to every case. There are
numeral (1). This contains the grooved p.m., and the work polished under a com- many special cases and in these the ma-
hall race which supports the bottom re- l")aratively slight pressure. This change chine should be kept in good repair to
volving plate upon a large circle of % is accomplished in about five minutes minimize the liability of accidents and
l)alls. This plate along witli the upper l)y removing the four bolts shown by judgment should be used in such cases.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 27
Hamilton Facings
We Sell
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
28 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
dend of 2 per cent, for the quarter was spare parts. Other products described
Trade Gossip declared some time ago, and was payable include the "Wright" differential chain
on January 1. block, steel trolleys and hand travelling
The Don Foundry Co., Toronto, haa
been awarded a contract for the supply Pattern Wax. The United Compound
cranes.
Oxy-Acetylene Welding and Cutting.
of brass castings by the Toronto Board Co., Buffalo, N.Y., is offering a new and
of Control. novel idea in the line of pattern wax An exceedingly interesting booklet has
made in two grades, the soft grade being just been issued by L'Air Liquide So-
Sarnia, Ont.^ The first war contract
about the same as beeswax, and the other ciety of Montreal and Toronto, dealing
to come Sarnia was one received by
to with the above subject, with special re-
hard, for use in filling defects in either
the Mueller Mig. Co. just recently, call- ference to the blowpipe and its applica-
wood or metal patterns. The distinguish-
ing for 50,000 brass parts for shrapnel tion in various trades. Numerous illus-
ing feature of this latter is the extra
shells for the Dominion Government. trations show examples of work done
hard surface left on the pattern. Either
and in progress, demonstrating
clearly
Beaverton, A
by-law to auth-
Ont. grade will melt at about 150 degrees, and
may be applied with a hot tool or melted the possibilities blowpipe and
of this
orize a loan of $6,000 to George Minor-
and applied with a brush. wide range of work than can be under-
gin & Son of the Beaverton Foundry was
taken. The reading matter explains in
carried her on Jan. 4 by almost un- Canada Car & Foundry Co. At a
detail the various classes of work in dif-
animous vote. In addition to their pre-r meeting held in Montreal on Dec. 22, the ferent trades than can be done by this
sent business, Minorgin & Son will manu- following officers were elected for the process, the illustrations being arranged
facture an extensive line of toys and
subsidiary companies: Canadian Steel in accordance with the text to show
other goods.
Foundries, Ltd. Hon. N. Curry, W. F. examples of work under the various
Angus, K. W. Blackwell, W. W. Butler, trades. Particulars are given of the dif-
The Smiths Falls Brass & Aluminum
M. E. Duncan, L. H. Curry and F. A. ferent types of outfit and blowpipes, etc..
Foundry Co. has been incorporated at
Skelton. The officers are: Hon. Nath- while information regarding tlie com-
Toronto, Ont., with a capital of $60,000
aniel Curry, president W. F. Angus,
;
pany's oxygen plant is also included.
to engage in the manufacture of brass,
vice-president and managing director; K. The booklet is gotten up in an attractive
bronze and aluminum castings at Smiths
W. Blackwell and W. W. Butler, vice- manner with illustrations of a high
Falls, Ont. Incorporators: J. McEwen,
presidents; F. A. Skelton, secretary- order.
J. MacDonald and Monson G. Henniger.
treasurer. The Pratt & Letchford Co.^
all of Smiths Falls, Ont. Presses. The E .W. Bliss Co., Brook-
Hon. Nathaniel Curry, James Redmond,
lyn, N.Y., has just issued the fourteenth
Consolidated Mining & Smelting Co. W. W. Butler, M. E. Duncan, L. H. edition of their general catalogue cover-
At the annual meeting held at Toronto, Curry and F. A. Skelton. The oflfieers
ing a full line of machines, such as
Ont., on Dec. 22, of the shareholders of are: President, Hon. Nathaniel Curry;
presses, dies, punches, shears, slitters,
the Consolidated Mining & Smelting Co., vice-presidents, W. W. Butler, M. E.
trimmers, double-seaming machines,
of Canada, Ltd., W. D. Matthews was el- Duncan, and V. G. Curry; secretary-
spinning lathes and special machines for
ected president, and George Sumner, of treasurer, F. A. Skelton.
working sheet metal, drop forging equip-
Montreal, vice-president, the board of ments and automatic tin-can machinery.
directors being re-elected as it stood The catalogue is of large size, and con-
last year, with the exception that J. J. Catalogues tains 840 pages, 9 x 6 in. It is divided
Warren, of Toronto, replaces W. H. Ad- The Hamilton Facing MiU Co., Ltd., into 21 sections, each being devoted to
rich. The annual report, which had pre- Hamilton, Ont., ai-e distributing among a particular type of press or machine.
viously been sent out, was approved and their friends an attractive calendar for A brief description is given of each ma-
general satisfaction was expressed at the 1915. It consists of a reproduction of chine; in some cases, however, a more
volume of tlie vearV business. A divi- the painting, "Scotland by the Sea," on detailed description is given, as in the
a stiff white frame, mounted on a green case of special machines. The principal
background, the calendar being situated dimensions and weights for each size are
If you have use for
below the picture. Altogether it is quite given in the form of tables, and in some
an artistic production. cases a specification is included. A use-
During the
New Year
You will re-line your
Cupolas^ Converters
Our Analysis and Furnaces
of your materials will
Our large stock of Cupola Blocks, Fire
enable you to keep quality
Bricks, Fire Clay, Fire Mortar, Mica Schist,
uniform and plug many Carborundum, Sand, enables
etc., us to
profit leaks. make prompt shipment of any grade, shape
Give us a trial. Our prices are and size lining desired, and in any quantity.
reasonable, and we guarantee We solicit your orders in this and other
prompt and accurate work.
Canadian Laboratories
^)
FOUNDRY SUPPLIES
Limited
24 Adelaide
Toronto
St. W . J. W, Paxson Co., Phila., Pa., U.S.A.
A. Morton, Manager
J.
1021 N. Delaware Ave.
Canadian Manufacturer:
\7^0U do not want to ask for charity when you ask your
public to bu}^ "Made in Canada" goods.
I
\ We ask you to take no chances, but write us about that
trial contract.
Look: Make 1915 the banner year in the quality of your goods.
30 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Air Compressors. Buffing: and PolishinE J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Monarch Eng. & Mfs. Co., Balti-
Machinery. Robeson Process Co., Pennington, N.J. more, Md.
A. R. Willianu Maehy. Co., Toronto. Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Northern Crane Worki Ltd., Wvisr
Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. W. W. Wells, Toronto. E. J. Woodison Co,, Toronto. ville. Ont.
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Cp. of J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.
Canada. Toronto. Buffing: and Polishing Composi- Core Machines, Hammer. Elk Fire Brick Co., Hamilton, Ont
Canadian IngersoU-Rand Co., Ltd., tions. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Sheldons, Limited, Gait, Ont
Montreal. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi- Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. Mich.
Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg. cago. III.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. Buffs. Demmler & Bros.. Wm., Kewanee, HI. Hai-vey, 111.
Louis, Mo. Chaa. J. Menzemer, Niagara Falls. Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton, Ont Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Ont. W. W. Wells. Toronto. Hamilton, Ont Cupola Blast Gauges.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal.
Burners, Core Oven. Core-making Machines. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Alloys. Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal. Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Hamilton, Ont
Hermann Boker &
Co., Montreal. Federal Fdry. Sup. Co.. Cleveland. n. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal. Monarch Eng. &
Mfg. Co.. Baltimoic. Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co..
Frederic B., Stevens, Detroit. W. S. Rockwell Co., New York. J. S. McCormick Co., Pittsburg. Pa. Harvey, 111.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit, Federal Fdry. Sup. Co.. Cleveland.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa.
Cupola Blocks.
Anodes, BraB, Copper, Nickel,
Stevens. F. B.. Detroit. Mich.
Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal.
Zinc. Cars, Core Oven. Elk Fire Brick Co., Hamilton, Ont
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Chas. Menzemer. Niagara
J. Falls. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Core Oils. Hamilton. Ont.
Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Harvey. 111. Cataract Refining Co., Buffalo, N.Y. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
ton, Ont. E. J. Woodison Co.. Toronto. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich.
W. W. Wells, Toronto. Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co.. Montreal, Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Ammeters. J. S. McCormick Co.. Pittsburg. Pa. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Federal Fdry. Sup. Co., Cleveland. Hamilton. Ont.
Cupola Blowers.
Chas. Menzemer,
J. Niagara Falls. Monarch Eng. &. Mfg. Co.. Baltimore. Can. Buffalo Forge Co., Montreal.
Woodison Co.. Toronto.
Holland Core Oil Co., Chlcagc Can. Sirocco Co., Ltd.. Windsor. Ont
E. J. J. S. McCormick Co.. Pittsbum. Pa.
Barrels, rumbling.
Castings, Brass, Aluminum and Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal.
Bronze. Federal Fdry. Sup. Co.. Cleveland. J. S. McCormick Co., Pittsburg. P
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Ottawa. Ont. E. J. Woodison Co.. Toronto. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co.. Baltimotr
A. J. Gordon,
Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal. Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Core Ovens. Sheldons, Limited. OaU, Ont
Federal Pdry. Supply Co., Cleveland. ton, Ont. H a. Carter & Co., Toronto. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co.. Montreal. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Hamilton l''acing Mill Co.. Ltd., Ham- Castings. Malleable. J. S. McCormick Co.. Pittsburg. Pa. Cupola Linings.
ilton, Ont. Can. Malleable Iron Co., Owen Sound. Federal Fdry. Sup. Co., Cleveland.
McCormick Pittsburg. Pa. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
J. S. Co., Cast Iron. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal.
Northern Crane Works, Ltd.. Walker- Frankel Bros., Toronto. Hamilton. Ont. Elk Fire Brick Co,, Hamilton, Ctat.
ville, Ont.
Castings, Aluminnm and Brass. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. HamUton Facing Mill Co., Ltd,.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Oven Equipment & Mfg. Co., New
Pangbom Hagerstonn. Md.
Corp.. Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Haven, Conn.
Hamilton, Ont.
Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton, ton. Ont. J. S. McCormick
Co.. Pittsburg, P.
Sheldons, Limited. Gait. Ont. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia,
Ont. F. W. Quinn, Hamilton. Ont Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. Mich.
J. P.
Equipment Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. Mldu
Whiting Foundry Co., Castings, Nickel. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Harvey, III. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Harvev. 111.
Hand
Whiting Foundry
Harvey, 111.
Equipment Co.,
Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
Dominion Fdrv. Sup. Co., Montreal. Power. Dynamos.
Hamilton, Ont. Frederic B. Stevens. Detroit. H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Chas. J. Menzemer, Niagara FalU,
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. A. R. Williams Machy. Co.. Toronto.
H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Ont
J. 8. McCormick Co.. Pittsburg, Pa. Chemicals. Dominion Bridge Co.. Montreal. W. W. Wells. Toronto.
Sheldons, Limited, Gait, Ont. Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co.. Montreal.
Frederic B. Stevens. Detroit.
Chas. J. Menzemer. Niagara Falls. Mussens. Limited. UoatrML Dust Collectors.
Equipment
W. W. Wells, Toronto. Herbert Morris Crane & Hoift Co., P.ingbom Corp., Hagtrstown, Md,
Whiting Foundry Co..
Harvey. 111. Clay Lined Crucibles. Ltd.. Toronto.
Elevators, Foundry, Hydraulic,
E. Woodison Co.. Toronto. Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker-
J. McCilloch-Dalzell Crucible Company. ville. Ont. Pneumatic.
Pittsburg, Pa.
Brass Melting Furnaces. Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton, A. R, Williams Machy, Co.. Toronto.
H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto.
Core Binders. Ont. Canadian IngersoU-Rand Co., Ltd,,
H. 8. Carter & Co., Toronto. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Montreal.
Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal.
Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal. Harvev, 111. J. S. McCormick Co.. Pittsburg. Pa.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
Woodison Co., Toronto.
Hamilton. Ont. Federal Fdry. Supply Co.. Cleveland. E. J. Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co.. Montreal.
J. S. McCormick. Pittsburg. Pa. Cranes, Hydraulic. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
J. S. McCormick Co., PitUburg, Pa.
Monarch Eng. t Mfg. Co.. Baltimore. T. W
Paxson Co.. Phlladplpbia. Pa. Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal.
Harvey. 111.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
J W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Robeson Process Co., New Penning- Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
W. S. Rockwell Oo., New York. ton. N.J. Harvev. 111. Emery Stands.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Machine Hamilton.
Ford-Smith Co.,
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Core Box Machines.
Harvey, 111.
Crncibles. Fans. Exhaust
Woodison Co., Toronto. Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co.. Montreal. Dixon Crucible Co., Joseph, Jersey
E. J.
J .S. McCormick, Pittaburg. Pa. Can. Buffalo Forge Co., Montreal,
City, N.J. Can. Fairbanks-Morse Co., Montreal.
Brushes, Foundry and Core. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co.. Montreal. Can. Sirocco Co.. Ltd.. Windsor. Ont
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Hamilton Facingi Mill Co., Ltd.,
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Dominion Idry. Sup. Co.. Montreal.
Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal. Core Cuttlng-off and Coning Hamilton, Ont. J. S. McCormick Co.. Pittsburg, Pa.
Federal Supply Co.. Cleveland.
Fdry, Machine. Seidel, R. B.. Philadelphia. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich.
Manufacturers Brush Co., Cleveland, O. Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
McCormick
Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
R. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. E. T. Woodison Co., Toronto. Hamilton, Ont.
J. S. Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal. J. a. McCormick Co.. Pittsbiirh. Pa. Sheldons, Limited. Gait. Ont.
Osbom Co., Cleveland, O.
Mfg. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., McOulloch-Dalzell Crucible Company,
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Hamilton, Ont. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Frederic B. Stevens. Detroit. Pittsburg, Pa
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Fillers (Metallic).
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Cupolas.
Core Compounds. H. a. Carter & Co.. Toronto. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Brushes, all Kinds. H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto. A. R. Williams Machy. Co., Toronto. Dominion F.Iry. Sup. Co., Montn-al.
Manufacturers' Brush Cleveland, Columbian Facing Mills Co.. Buffalo, Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co.. Montreal. Federal Frdy. Sup. Co.. Cleveland.
Co.,
Federal Fdry. Sup. Co.. Cleveland. Stevens. Frederic B.. Detroit.
Ohio. N.Y. Derbv
Shelfon Metallic Filler Co.,
Sleeper & Hartley, Worcester, Mass, Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co.. Montreal. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.
Ck>nn.
Ford-Smith Machine Co.. Hamilton. J. S. McCormick, Pittsburg. Pa. Hamilton. Ont.
E. J. Woodison Co.. Toronto.
Chas. J. Menzemer, Niagara Falls. Federal Fdry. Sup. Co.. Cleveland. J. 8. SIcCormIck Co., Plttaburg, Pa.
CANADIAN F UNDRYMAN 31
FUIeta, L.eather & Wooden. Graphite Products. Iron Filler. Molding Machines,
H. S. CaxUr & Co.. Toronto.
Domiuion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal. Hamilton H, 8. Carter & Co., Toronto. BerkshireMfg. Co., Cleveland, O.
Facing Mill Co.. Ltd., Dominion Fdry. &up. Co., Montreal.
Uamiltoo Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Hamilton, Ont. Cleveland Pneumatle Tool Co. of
Uamilton. J. a. MoCormlck Co., Pittsburg, Pa. Canada, Toronto.
Ont. Jonathan Bartley Crucible Co.. Tren-
J. W. Paxson Co., PhUadelphia. Pa. Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Toronto.
J. S. McCormick Co., Pittsbuis, Pa. ton, N.J.
E. J. Woodison Co.. Toronto. J. S. MoCormlck 8mooth-On Mfg. Oo., Jersey City, HamUton Facing MUls Co., Ltd.,
Co., Pittsburg, Pa. Stevens. F. B., Detroit. Mich.
McCulloch-Dalzell Crucible Company, UamUton. Ont.
E. J. Woodison Co.. Toronto. Stevena. Frederic B., Detroit.
Fire Brick and CUy. PltUburg, Pa.
Midland Machine Co., Detroit,
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Ladles, Foundry. J. 8. MoCormlck Co., Pittsburg, Pa,
Elk Fir Brick Co., UamUton, OaU Grinders. Disc, Bench, Swlny. Tabor Mfg. Co., PhUadelphia,
Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal. H, S, Carter & Co., Toronto.
Ford Smith iStfhtiu Oo., Huailtoa Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Bamilton Fadns Mill Uo., Ud.
Hamilton, Ont. Ont. J. 8. MoCormlck Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
J. S. McCormick Co., Pittaburs, Pa. Perfeet Macnineiy Co., Oait. Ont. UamUton Facing MUla Co., Ltd., Molding Sand.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. UamUton, Ont. Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Toronto.
J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Helmets. Northern Crane Works, Walkerrille, HamUton Facing MUls Co., Ltd.,
Stevena. Frederic B., Detroit. Ont. UamUton, Ont.
E. J. Woodison Co.. Toronto. Telghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co., Monarch Eng. Mfg. Co., Baltimore.
Sc J. W. Paxson Co., PhUadelphia, Pa.
Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo. N.Y. PhUadelphia, Pa. J. W. PaxsonCo., PhUadelphia, Pa. Stevens, Frederic B., Detroit,
Stevens, F.Detroit, Mich.
B., E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Hoisting and Conreylnr Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T,
Fire Sand. Uarvey, lU.
Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.Y. Machinery. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Moldinar Sifters.
A. R. WUliams Machy. Co., Toronto. Domiuion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal.
Flaaks, Snap, Etc. Northern Engineering Works. Detroit. Ladle Heaters.
Berkshire Mfg. Co., Clereland, O. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.Y.
Northern Crane Works, Walkerville. Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co.,
Domiuion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal. Whiting Foundry
Guelph Pattern Works, Quelph, Ont. Equipment Co.. Easton, Pa. Ovens for Core-baklnf and
Harvey. III. 8. MoCormlck Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
J. 8. McCormick Co., Pittsburg, Pa. J. Drying:.
Herbert Morris Crane A Hoist Co.,
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
eterllnf Wheelbarrow Co., West Allis,
Ltd., Toronto. Ladle Stoppers, Ladle Nonles, Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal.
WU. J. 8. MoCormlck Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
Hoists, Electric, Pneumatic. and Sleeves (Graphite). Oven Equipment & Mfg. Co., New
EL J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
J. W. Paxson Co.. PhUadelphia, Pa. Haven. Conn.
A. R. WUliams Machy. Co., Toronto. Seldel, K. B., PhUadelphia. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Foundry Coke. ^ Canadian Ingenoll-Rand Co., Ltd., McCulloch-Dalzell Crucible Company, Harvey, lU.
Montreal. Pittoburg. Pa.
Baird & Weat. Detroit.
BUTens, Frederic B., Detroit. Oil and Gas Furnace*.
K. J. Woodison Co., Tnur"
Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal.
Fandr7 Equipment. HamUton Facing MUI Co.. Ltd.,
Hamilton.
K. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore.
A. R. Williams Maehy. Co.. Tortxito. J. W, Paxson Co., Philadelphia. Pa.
Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal.
Hmilton Facing Mill
Hamilton,
Co., Ltd.,
Ont.
THIS DIRECTORY IS
Stevens, Frederic B., Detroit.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto,
J. W. Paxson
Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Guelph PatUm Works, Guelph, Ont
Sterens, Frederic B., Detroit. you want the correct 'phone number, F. W. Quinn. Hamilton, Ont.
Sterling Wheelbarrow Co., West Aills,
Wis.
Whiting Foundrr Equipment Co.,
IFyou use the official telephone directory. Pattern Shop Equipment.
Harrey, III. If you wish to definitely ascertain the H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal.
location of a certain street, you consult a city Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
Foundry Parting. HamUton.
directory. 8. McCormick Co.. Pittsburg, Pa.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. .T.
ADVERTISING INDEX
Bailtn- & Sun. R 4 lliimiltoii Facing- Mill Co., Ltd. ... Xortliern Crane Works 4
Bartley Crucible Co. Outside Back Cover Hawlev Down Draft Furnace Co. . 32 Paxson Co.. .1. W 29
fJrown Specialty Machinery Co. . . 1
Kawin Co., Charles C
Quinn. F. W 28
Can. Laboratories, Ltd 29 Inside Front Cover Robeson Process Co. Inside Back Cover
Canadian Niagara Device Co 4 Seidel, K. B Outside Back Cover
Lundy Sliovel & Tool Co
Can. Shovel & Tool Co Standard Sand & Machine Co 2
Carter & Co.. H. S Front Cove. Manufacturers Brush Co .3
Tabor Manufacturing Co 3
McCormick Co.. J. S 28
Dixon Crucible Co. ..Inside Back Cover Toronto Testing Laboratory, Ltd. . . 29
McCulloug-h-Dalzell Crucible Co. 29
Dominion Iron & Steel Co 6
United Compound Co. Inside Back Cover
McLain 's System 1
Dohson, Wm 29
Midland Machine Co 3 Wells. W. W 4
Gautier, J. H., & Co. Outside Back Cover Monarch Eng. & Mfff. Co 9 Wells Pattern & Machine Works .. 29
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
C ,\ NA 1) ] AN F UN I) RYUAN
// what you want is not advertised in this iss-ue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUND R Y M A N
J.H.GauX\!^rj& Co.
Crucibles of Quality
Tilting Furnace
UNIFORM CRUCIBLES
Our Specialty.
Service and Durability
Ensures Economy.
Catalogue on request
The advertiser would like to knov where you saw his advertisement tell him.
CIRCULATES IN EVERY PROVINCE IN CANADA
^lAJ^piptillfMAN
Metal Industry News
A Monthly Newspaper Devoted to the Foundry, Patternmaking, Plating and Polishing Fields. Published by The MacLean Publishing
Company Limited, Toronto, Montreal, Winnipeg, and London, England
WAR ORDERS
The NIAGARA PORTABLE SAND BLAST DEVICE IS AN ENTIRE SAND BLAST
SYSTEM WITHIN ITSELF.
NOW IN USE BY NUMEROUS CONCERNS TURNING OUT GOVERNMENT SHELL
CONTRACTS and other ORRNANCE.
Our TEN DAY TRIAL offer, coupled with the wide distribution to most every field of
industry, of the NIAGARA DEVICES for SAND BLASTING, PAINTING, GENERAL
FOUNDRY and CONCRETE operations, precludes the possibility of purchasing an unsatis-
factory article.
NIAGARA DEVICES perform all that the high-priced stationary tank type of apparatus will
do and in a far more RAPID, EFFECTIVE and ECONOMICAL manner.
NIAGARA DEVICES have been on the market since 1904 and to date we have added many
HUNDREDS of REPEAT ORDER CUSTOMERS to our constantly increasing list of users,
most of whom order these tools in quantities.
^5 A ^iM &D7[]
N05C
TO
NEXT
AIR TAP.
BRIDGEBURG. ONT.
CANADA 3AN0H05ETO
iiflWS or
Pn". PAIL OR PILE
(N0TANK5 U5ED.)
Viis
Illustration one-quarter actual size of medium tool.
!!
Low Consumption
NOTE PARTICULARLY of Free Air Light Weight Extreme Portability
!!
Our list of users, located from COAST to COAST and ABROAD, comprises the following industries:
RAILROAD, STEEL, SHIP, IRON, BRIDGE, CAR, PIPE, BOILER, RUBBER, FOUNDRY, POWER, LOCOiVIOTI\ E,
AUTOMOBILE, MACHINE, ELECTRICAL, CHEMICAL, TEXTILE, PACKING, DISTILLING, CONTRACTOR, QUARRY,
MINING, REFINERY AND GOVERNMENT PLANTS.
YOUR COMPETITOR may be using the NIAGARA PORTABLE SAND BLAST and PAINTING DEVICES.
CAN YOU AFFORD TO BE WITHOUT ONE OR MORE OF THESE DEVICES, the most valuable adjuncts to
any tool-kit ?
CANADIAN F UNDRYMAN
FOUfJDRY SUCCESS
a
Kawin Service underlies Foundry Success"
Mr. Foiuidrymaii :
CANA D I AN F ( ) V N L) H Y MAN
What McLain's
System has done for
John L. Hammer other Foundrymen it
Brown Specialty I
NO CHARGE. Return the Coupon.
If what you want is not advertised in th' '! idiisii/l ijic l',i(i/ers' fhrrctdii/ at lite back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Monarch "Acme"
Core Ovens
Built for Qualifyand Reduced cost of Bakmg
and Drying Cores and their Service shjws it.
Oil, Gas, Coal or Coke, Single,
Double or Triple.
The BEST oven offered, BARRING NONE.
Shelves give full
space and are easy
to get to.
Direct pull to front ; easy
roller bearings; double
trolley. No jarring for
delicate cores.
Made troni sheet steel and
block a^beslos under the
supervision of experts from
Stem, Double-Head, Tin and Radiator. start to finish.
We ship from stock on short notice. Full details are within easy
reach a card will bring
Write for price list and discounts. them quickly.
We make patterns in Wood, Aluminum and Bronze. Catalog CF-26.
Special Machinery Designed and Built.
THE MONARCH
The Wells Pattern and Machine Works ENGINEERING
Limited
& MFG. CO.
1200-1206 American Bldg
98-100-102 Jarvis Street. Toronto. Ont. BALTIMORE. MD.. U.S.A.
theSTA'NdWRD'
1
r ^^^ato 1334 (3^iio^hill
PHILADELPHIA PA
^^kers of the World
.
^^Vl
^
fl
1 Besh Crucibles
\
J
"^Pecia.! Crucibles for "M
^ Oil FurriBtces
J
JH
^L Stoppers C/s^ozzles
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Y///V////////////////////////V^^^^
^Es
The Most Convenient and Most
Molding Machine on the Market.
Built on the principle that the Centre of gravity Is the centre of Rotation
it Is perfectly balanced and the largest flask can "be easily and smoothly
turned by one man.
Requires less than half the number of steps necessary with rockover
Efficient
^S^JUttSLf
1
_s
.. 4:^
M9
j-j.-kagfe: J ^Hp.i.i
m ^m ^wM1
machines, and consequently saves much time.
For continuous and economical work you vannot find a more efficient
molding machine.
Write to-day for descriptive catalog.
81 1 W.
MIDLAND MACHINE COMPANY
Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Mich.
m
Si H ^H iS^^ i '-^'j
Crucibles of Quality
Tilting Furnace
UNIFORM CRUCIBLES
Our Specialty.
Service and Durability
Ensures Economy.
Catalogue on reQuost
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
FOUNDRY SHOVELS
that will fulfil every requirement.
^^^^
Any style or shape In Lundy Shovels are their own .^^a Ja
best salesmen.
Quality Guaranteed Brass
Why
can
import your anodes when you
getguaranteed quality, quicker Bronze
and can save duty and elimin-
delivery, o
^^ J^^^^ Once tried, always
ate the annoyance of clearing at the
customs by buying from us? Copper i^y used. "D" and
Split
May we
and full
send you descriptive pamphlet
particulars? I^H American "D" handles.
W.W.WELLS, Toronto
Nickel ^tK Send us a trial order.
Lundy Shovel & Tool Co., Ltd.
Tin&Zinc PETERBORO. ONT.
EIGHTH PAGE
SPACE
$30 A YEAR
1^^
R. BAILEYS SON JORONTO
The advertiser would like to knoui vhcrc i/oii saw Jiia advertisement teM him..
CANADIAN F UNDRYMA N
CI
B1
ull Uog
1 r\ Solid
MOULDER
Shank
ohovels
1
WE GUARANTEE
our handles to be 50%
stronger than the old
tyle "D".
// wJiat you want is not advertised in this iss-ut consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
:
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Melting
Sand
" WABANA"
Machine Cast Pig Iron
Cast in specially shaped moulds to permit of easy
Handling, Piling and Breaking.
// what you want is not advertised in th where you saw his advertisement tell him.
PEVELOPMBNTp^tKe
^^sn^ai
77(r prciictif article / //u' .second of a series wJiich ive hope to publish each month daring
the p.rf<t half of this New
More or less detail treatwejit tvill be given the various smelt-
Year.
ing plants throughout the Dominion conti nuing with that of the Canadian Copper Co., Copper
Cliff, Ont., in this issue. Due to the European War this industry is much in the limelight.
CATVfADIAN COPPER CO.II.** At the site selected, the Spanish Water for the generators is conveyed
THE plant wliifli supi)lies electric
power for operating all the mines
River flows in two channels around a
high anil rocky island, about 2,000 feet
from the bulkhead dam to the power-
house at tiie foot of the falls by three
and the smelter of the Canadian in length and 900 feet in width. The O-ft. steel i)enstocks for the venerators
Copper Co. is located at High Falls on fall is about Go feet, and the island rises and one .'i-ft. penstock for the exciters.
the Spanish River, about four miles al)out 7.5 above the river level. A
feet Provision is made for the installation of
north of Nairn station, on the Soo large forebay was cut out on one side of a fourth 9-ft. penstock, when required.
branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the island and two dams were erected in
and 2.3 miles west of Sudbury. It is con- Haulage and Distributing System.
the channels, gaining a total effective
nected Avith the main line by a spur line head of 85 These dams are of con-
feet. Tlie roast yards and smelter plant are
from the turbine station. The plant was {rote construction and rest on solid rock. served by company's own railway
tiie
built during the vears 1904-5. As much lumber is floated down this line. At the smelter a high line, about
river, log slides and booms had also to (i7 feet above tiie yards, serves the
Chief of Metiil .Minos Division, Ottawa.
From latest availalih' CJovernment report. be [irovided. smelter ore bins and the reverberatory
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
furnace plant. Standard siauge tracks in front of the boilers in the steam power driven winc'.i. This truck is used to con-
are also laid tliroughout the yards, con- house. There are also two coaling pockets vey pots of furnace matte to the con-
necting with the smelter, converter 'build- for locomotives. verters while still molten.
ing, various shops, and the warehouse. Furnace charging trains are operated
Blowing Equipment.
(in these belt lines, running always in the
There are two standard 100-ton track
same direction. Each train consists of a The blowing equipment, with the ex-
scales installed, one at the roast yard,
string of seven or eight side roll-dump ception of the machines already noted
and the other in the main yard near the
cars. These cars are about 6 feet in as being placed in the old steam power-
shops. Both are housed, the latter be-
length overall, being of the same length house, is located in the electric sub-sta-
ing within the building that also eon-
as the charge doors of the furnaces and tion, which has recently been enlarged to
tains the transportation ol'fices.
the centre to centre spacing of bins accommodate it. It consists of the fol-
The charging floor is served by a 36 in. gates. Each car weighs about 1,500 lowing machines and plant:
gauge track laid with 5()-li). rails ami |iounds and holds about 3,000 pounds of Two Nordberg radial valve duplex
copper bonded througl'.out. The centre ore. These chf^rging trains are also used blowing engines, stroke -12 in., piston dia-
line of the smelter bins is jiarallel to the to supply the coal pockets of tlie power meter 70 in., deliverina- 320 cubic feet
longer axis of the furnace hnildins' and plant before mentioned as beinu located of free air each revolution, are installed.
about 200 feet from it. Two parallel in the trestles ))eneath the level of the The maximum capacity of each machine
tracks are cavi'ied under the bins and charginff floor. Charge trains are hauled is 24,000 cubic feet of free air per min-
ilIAIMnXi; FLOOR, BLAST FfRNACK I'L.^.XJ'. (WNADIAN COITIOH CO., COI'l'KU CLIKF, ONT.
also through the furnace building; in the by' 5-ton electric locomotives, Canadian ute when running at 75 r.p.m.; the air
latter,one track passes on eitiier side of General Electricmanufacture, 1,200 is delivered at 50 ounces pressure. Each
the furnaces. At each end these tracks pounds drawbar pull at 6 miles per hour, engine provided with automatic gravity
is
are joined by semi-circular curves, form- taking current at 250 volts by trolley oiling system, automatic revolution
ing two complete ovals. Suitable cross- from an overhead line. counter, and automatic pressure gauge.
overs are also provided at convenient The slag floor is served by two stand- These machines are each operated by a
points. A tangent to the east curve con- ard gauge tracks at the back of the fur- rope drive, on the English system, and
nects with the sampling building. These nace building. Standard gauge tracks are connected with separate motors;
tracks are covered with a light wooden are also laid in three tunnels which lead fourteen ropes, 1.5 in. in diameter, being
shed between the buildings, and for a through the reverberatory furnace build- used for each drive. The motors are Al-
considerable distance parallel to the fur- ing. These tracks connect with the con- lis-Chalmers-Bullock induction type, one
nace slag track, they are carried on a verter building and a locomotive is used being of 600 h.p. and one of 500 h.p.
trestle resting on 14-ft. masonry piers, to haul 10-ton pots between the two These motors take the current at 2,200
to lessen the danger from fire owing to parts of the plant. A track is also laid volts, and are each fitted with special con-
the slopping over of hot slag. This tres- between the furnace building and the trollers for changing the poles and giv-
tle also cairies, under the charge tracks, converter building, on which a small iron ing three speeds. Each of the blowing
coal pockets witli chutes, which discharge truck i< operated by a rope and an air- enuines is connected to one or more blast
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 23
I'arnaces by a 4S-ui. blast i)ipe, which is slant sjx'ed uuluctioa motor running at Il-i!i'c. All the blowing engines receive
carried to the furnace building on steel 375 r.p.m. A rope drive of 16 ropes 1.5 llicir air directly from the outside sub-
trestles. Two of these pipes are carried in. in diameter is used. The AUis-Chal- station through a large cold-
building,
through the building to the steam power- mers engines have a 60-in. stroke, and air duet in the basement, and all the in-
plant, where they are connected to the piston diameter of 48 in., and run at take vahcs connect with this duct.
blowing engines of that portion of the 70 r.p.m., delivering 20,700 cubic feet of Flue System and Stacks.
plant which is placed in that building. free air per minute at 12 pounds pres- The down-take from each furnace is
pleted, there will be two more Conners- Bullock, 1,200 h.p. constant speed in- of firebrick for the first 20 feet. It in-
ville blowers, capacity 400 cubic feet of duction type, running at 375 r.p.m. clines at 30 degrees in a straight line
air per revolution, similar to the one at Forty-two ropes, 1.5 in. in diameter, arc Iroui the furnace to the dust chamber,
present installed in the steam power- used on each drive. All engines are passing above the slag tracks. The dust
house. These machines will be driven equipped with automatic unloading de- chamber is of the balloon type, 20 feet
by one 600 h.p. and one 500 h.p. motor vices, gravity oiling systems, automatic ill diameter, 34 feet in height, and 500
respectively, these motors having been revolution, counters, and automatic pres- Icet in length. It is built of 5-16 in.
taken from two Nordberg radial valve sure gauges. They deliver to a common steel plate, and is carried on steel col-
blowers that have been dismantled. It is receiver, from which a 36-in. blast-pipe, iiums at 15 ft. centres, being provided
the intention to replace the other two carried on a steel trestle, conducts tlic with expansion joints every 60 feet. The
Nordbergs bv two more Connorsvillo ail' to the converter bnildinsr. only lining is placed opposite each down-
I A 1 1 , i; n 1 1; I
I A] A I I I. A.NAinAX roi'i'Ku CO,. iiTl.l; I 1,11- I-. ii.N 1
blowers of the same type as tliose al- Air for ]iower and other purjioses take opening and covers a section about
ready installed. It is to be noted that throughout the plant is supplied by one 12 feet square. Hoppers and doors for
each of these Connersville blowers is cross-compound 100-lb. air compressor, removing flue dust are placed every 6
driven by a single motor, belt connected, made by the Laidlavv, Dunn-Gordon Co. leet; these discharge the dust into cars
the other impeller on eacli machine re- This machine has a 24-in. stroke, and tlie operated on a track running the length
ceiving its power through geais. All these high and low pressure cylinders are rc- of the flue.
blowing engines discharge their air into si'ectively 15 in. and 24 in. in diameter, The stack is 210 feet in height and 15
a common 6-ft. blast pipe connected by the capacity being 1.500 cubic ft. of free feet inside diameter at the top. The base
a nipple to each of the blast furnaces. ;iiv per minute. It is direct connected lo is 24 feet square, of granite masonry,
The air for the converter plant is an Allis-Chalmers-Bullock induction with a circular lining of firebrick. The
supplied by one Nordberg blowing en- motor, 300 h.p. capacity, running at 120 upper 150 feet of the stack is circular
gine and two Allis-Chalmers engines. r.p.m. The air from this machine is and is built of perforated radial stack
The Nordberg is a duplex Corliss valve piped to every part of the plant and is brick. An independent steel stack, 12
type, 36 in. stroke with piston diameter used for various purposes, such as bloM- feet in diameter at the base. 9 feet in
of 40 in. It is run at 100 r.p.m., and ing out motors, driving winches and diameter at the top. 125 feet in height,
delivers 10,200 cubic feet of free air per lioists, operating air tools in the several stands just outside the ccmverter build-
minute at a pressure of 12 pounds. The shops, and as an air blast for warming ing. The hoods over the converter are
drive is by a 500 h.p. Allis-Chalmers con- the basic converters with a fuel oil connected with this stack bv a steel flue.
24 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
I.NTlCKKUt Ol- KKVKKHKKATORY FURNACE BUILDING, CANADIAN Cori'KK CO.. COI'TER CLIFF, ONT.
OLD ACID CONVERTER PLANT, CANAD IAN COPPER CO., COPPER CLIFF, ONT.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 25
At the reverberatory furnaces a cross was, therefore, allowed to accumulate in capacity, and one is a 14-in. pump, of
flue, 6 ft. X 9 ft., which is covered by large dumps, to be utilized later in re- 5,000 gallons capacity. All are single-
cramps, passes directly behind the fur- verberatory furnaces. These furnaces stage turbine pumps, each direct con-
naces. This flue is 70 feet in lengih and were installed in 1911, and the accum- nected to a constant speed induction mo-
leads to the main flue or dust chamber. ulations of flue dust and fine ore from tor. These pumps discharge through an
The main flue is a brick chamber without the mines (under Vk-ii- diameter) are 18-in. flanged cast-iron pipe into a re-
baffle walls, 15 ft. x 19 ft. and 177 feet now being treated in the reverberatory inforced concrete tank, 25 feet in dia-
in length, and connects with the stack. plant. meter and 32 feet high, placed on the
The stack is built of Custodis radial liill back of the smelter. Duplicate cast-
Water System and Pumping Plant.
brick. It is 17 ft. 2 in. in diameter at iron mains, connected to this tank, run
the bottom, 15 ft. 4 in. in diameter at
The general water supply is obtained on either side of the furnaces just be-
the top, and is 200 feet in height. Prac-
by gravity from two small lakes sit- low the charge floor. The tank is also
tically no dust collects in the flue.
uated a'bout 3,000 feet north-west of the connected to the smelter supply main,
smelter. A hea\^ concrete dam was con- the static head of the latter being just
Ore, Coke, Fluxes. structed at their outlet, forming a reser- balanced in the tank. This adjustment
The ores smelted at this plant are de- voir of very consideraljle area. A 16-in. gives a very steady pressure on the fur-
rived almost entirely from tlio Com- cast-iron main leads from the reservoir naces, the head being about 28 feet above
pany's own the tops of
mines, and the jackets.
only just For the i>ur-
very occas- pose of fire
ionally are protec-
small lots tion a
of any cus- series of
tom ore re- dry fire
f u rn a c e The main
build- FURNACE BUILDING, CA COPPER COPPER CLIFF, ONT
pump for
ing. Quartz SETTI.KKS IN THE I!L.\ST N.\1)I.4N CO., this system
is obtained is located
from the company's own quarry at directly to Other smaller'
the smelter. in the electric sub-station. It is
Dill,about fifteen miles south-east of mains supply the shops and the town of a 6-in., 4-stage turbine fire pump,
the smelter, but occasionally a small Copper Cliff. of 1,000 gallons capacity, and is
supply is received in the form of custom At the furnaces, the jacket water over- direct connected to a 225 h.p. alter-
ores. A small quantity of limestone is flows into two continuous east-iron laun- nating current induction motor. In the
and this is ob-
also occasionally required, ders, one on either side of the furnaces, steam power-plant is located a Blake
tained Fiborn
from (Michigan)
tiie sloping both ways from the middle fur- underwriter's fire pump, capable of de-
quarries of the Union Carbide Co., not nace. It flows from these launders livering 1,000 gallons per minute.-
far from Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. through 20-in. drains to an open cooling
Blast Furnaces.
reservoir. As the water supply is limit-
Flue Dust. ed and as the furnaces alone require There are six rectangular water-jack-
From time to time attempts were made about 1,000 gallons per minute each, it eted blast furnaces: five of these are 50
to briquette or sinter the flue dust from is necessary to pump most of this water in. x 204 in., and one is 50 in. x 240 in.
the furnaces, but these attempts were back to the furnaces from the cooling at the tuyeres. The height from the
not successful, either through failure of reservoirs. For this service three pumps hearth plate to the charging level is
the method, or because the high cost are installed at the reservoir. Two of 19 in., and the smaller size is rated at
made them prohibitive. The flue dust these are 8-in. pumps of 1,500 gallons 400 tons per day each. The furnaces
26 CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
are placed in line at 61. ft. 6 in. centres, supported on a concrete pedestal rising plates are supported on jacks resting on
with their longer axis parallel to the 30 in. above the solid concrete furnace this pedestal. There are three tiers of
length of the building. Each furnace is floor. The four water-jacket hearth water-jackets, the lower tuyere jackets
jackets. The outside legs of the pipe for The crucible bed is made of rammed pots to the slag dump.
conveying cooling water are centred chrome "bats," and is made about 13 in. Matte from the settlers is tapped into
about 3y2 10-ton clay
inches from lined cast
all the sides iron pots
of the jac- standing on
ket and 41 j the matte
inches from floor. These
the ends, pots are
in the case placed by
of the tuy- the travel-
ere jacket, ing cranes.
the tuyere When full
opening is they are
6 in. in each lifted
d i a m eter across the
and is cen- yard to the
tred 9 in. c o n V e r t-
earlier fur-
beratory
naces, the Furnaces.
jackets in The two
the lower r e V e rber-
tier were INTEHIOK I'.LAST FCKN.VCE HUILDING, MATTE SIDE, CANADIAN COPPER CO., COPPER CLIFF, ONT. atory fur-
only ordin- naces d e -
ary tuyere jackets, 8 ft. 4 in. in height, deep, but never retains that thickness, signed to burn pulverized coal were in-
and with four tuyeres to a jacket. In the as it is eaten out by the matte. The stalled during the year 1911. The first of
present furnace each of these jackets has side tap is notched out of one of the these was blown in at the end of Decem-
been replaced by a set of four cast-iron middle tuyere jackets on the crane side. ber, 1911, the second in March, 1912,
jackets. This type of jacket costs $35 It is filled with a water-cooled cast-iron while the foundation for a third was laid
and $30 each respectively for a tuyere side tap jacket 10 in. x 24 in. The slag in 1912.
section and a top section, or a total cost spout is a special cast-iron water-cooled These furnaces are of the Steptoe
of $130 for a set of four sections. The spout of local design. Both the spout type and each has a hearth area of 19 ft.
cost is about half as much as for the and opening in the tap jacket are lined X 112 ft. As already noted in describ-
single plate jacket originally used, and with chrome Tirick. ing the revei'beratory furnace building,
the life of the jackets is four or five The Settlers. the foundation for each furnace was
times as long. The upper jackets are of Tlie settlers are placed immediately in made by pouring slag between concrete
the ordinary plate type, and 50 in. in front of the furnaces. They are oval in retaining walls, giving a solid block of
width. form, 16 ft. in. x 19 ft. 6 in. and 5 ft. slag about 10 feet in thickness. On this
The supporting frame is of heavy 6 in. in height, and are made of 5-16 in. foundation, the side walls of the fur-
steel construction, the charge deck be- boiler-plate. They are lined with two nace, 27 in. in thickness, were built to a
ing of cast-iron plates. The hood above rows of chrome brick laid end to end. height of 10 feet. Slag was poured in-
the furnaces is formed by buildinsr 18-in. The slag spout and the tap hole of eac!i side these walls to form a furnace hot-
28 CANvVDIAN FOUNDRYMAN
torn about 2 ft. in thickness. The side Two sets of charging bins are pro- powder, most of which will pass a 200-
wall is built of chrome and silica brick, vided at the fire end of the furnace, and mesh screen. Tliis pulverized coal is
to a thickness of 18 in., the former kind each bin has five hoppers discharging sucked up by a fan into a separator at
being used near the coal dust burners, through the roof by slide gates. These the top of the building. Here screw con-
and the roof rests on this wall. Inside bins are used to drop flue dust, ore veyers pass it into the reverberatory
this wall, a flashwall 9 in. thick is built lines, and other pulverized material into furnace building, dropping it into bins
of magnesite brick, and ibrought up the furnaces. Openings are provided above the ends of the furnaces. In front
close to the roof, but does not support of each furnace, five variable speed
along each side of the roof for fettling.
it. The roof is 20 in. thick for the first screw conveyers, each 4 in. in diameter,
Hot converter slag is also charged into
35 feet near the coal iburners, and 15 in. deliver the coal into five corresponding
the furnace by a side door through a
thick for the rest of the way. It is built burners, each conveyer dropping its coal
sjiecial chute on a carriage. This slag
of firebrick. The spring of the roof arch dust in front of a nozzle which carries
is brought from the converter building
is 19 in., or a 2 in. rise to each foot of air from a fan. The air blast sends
width. The extreme height inside is 6 to the reverberatory furnace in 10-ton
the coal into the furnace in the form of
feet. The hearth of the furnace was pots hauled by a locomotive which enters
a cloud or spray of dust which burns just
formed 'by evening up the poured slag the tunnel between the furnaces. The like fuel, oil. Each iburner can be run
bottom with concrete, so as to provide an reverberatory cranes pick up these slag independently and the amounts of coal
inverted arch with a sprina: of 12 in. On pots tlirough openings in the roof of the dust or air can be varied at will.
this form, It is claim-
one layer e d that
of firebrick the system
2.5 inches of firing is
thick, was quite satis-
laid flat, factory
and upon and that,
this, 9 in. due to the
of mag- charge be-
nesite ing put in
brick was through
then laid to the bins,
form the this me-
bottom of thod of fir-
the hearth. ing is much
This latter c h e ap e r
brick was than bum-
laid in a in g the
mixture of coal on
ground a grate.
m a g n e -
There is no
site and fuel ineffi-
linseed oil. ciency, and
E X p a n -
all of the
sion strips carbon in
of wood the coal is
were then e nsumed.
placed The ash has
b 6 tw ee n not offered
about every any diffi-
six courses, culty what-
the expan- ever, and
sion allow- the heat of
ed being i/4 CAN.\DI.VN COPPER CO. GENEKATORS AT HIGH FALLS. It h e fur-
in. the foot. n ace is
The tap-hole is placed at tlie side tunnel and discharge them into the fur- maintained at a uniform temperature.
about 18 feet from the inlet end of the nace.
Converters.
hearth, and is placed high enough to re- These reverberatory furnaces are fired
tain 12 in. of matte in the hearth, so by coal dust blast burners, and coal for The old plant contained silica lined
that the bottom will always be protect- converters, 10 stands and 10 shells, 84
this purpose is brought to the works in
ed by a pool of matte. Slag is removed 50-ton cars and dropped into
in. X 126 in., but these were replaced in
storage
1911 by the present equipment of basic
at either side of the furnace where the bins in the higli line trestle. From these
lined converters. The new plant consists
sidewalls commence to narrow in, about bins it through a special coal
passes
of five stands and shells of basic lined
11 feet from the front of the furnace. crusher, which breaks to 0.5 in. size, to
The space at the front of the furnace, a conveyor Ibelt. This belt discharges
converters. Each of these shells is a
cylindrical steel drum, 37 ft. 2 in. in
usually occupied by the slag door, slopes into a bin in the grinding room. A screw
leng-th and 10 feet in diameter, outside
up gradually from the hearth to form a conveyer drives the coal from this bin
straight outlet for the products of com- into a Ruggles-Coles hot gas dryer, and
measurement. The stack opening in the
bustion. The area of the throat is about thence into the boot of an elevator. roof for the escape of gas is placed in
27 square feet, and the gases meet no The coal is elevated to bins on the the middle of the top of the cylinder,
obstacles whatever, but pass straight in- floor above. From these bins it is fed instead of at one end, as in the Pierce-
to the cross-flue, 6 ft. x 9 ft., which is into two RajTBond impact pulverizers, Smith basic converters at the Garfield
covered by cramps. and these grind the coal to a very fine plnnt. There are two openings with
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN 29
spouts in the front wall opposite to but cylinder to tlie other, moving the piston, from the turning device regularly used,
above the tuyere line from which slag and by means of the rope tackle, turn-
so, and has proved quite satisfactory.
or matte can be poured. There are 44 ing the converter as desired. In this
Metallurgical Practice Roasting.
tuyeres, each l^i in. in diameter, and operation, tlie air in the tank above the
The metallurgical treatment of the ores
7 in. apart; no tuyeres are placed direct- oil expands and the pressure decreases.
received from the company's mines be-
ly under the stack for a distance of 5 When it lias fallen to 200 pounds, the
gins at the roast yards. These yards are
feet. The lining is special magnesite oil pump automatically starts pumping
located north of the smelter, on slightly
brick. The bottom lining is 24 in. thick, oil into the tank until the pressure again
higher ground. The site selected was a
the back or tuyere wall 18 in. thick, the reaches 300 pounds.
front 15 in. thick, and the roof is a As the entire plant is operated by
somewhat flat swampy area, which has
been evened up and given a gentle slope
12-in. arch of silica brick. The tuyere electric power, it is evident that if the
from which drains rapidly remove surface
bricks are 24 in. thick. power went off the line for any reason,
water. The yard is served by a number
The shell is carried on four ring tracks the converter blower would stop blow-
12 feet in diameter, and placed one at ing air into the tuyeres and if the air of spur line tracks of standard gauge
each end and one on either side of the stopped, the matte would
back run which traverse the length of the yard
central stack. These tracks rest on roll- through the tuyeres unless they were and divide it into a number of sec-
er bearings mounted on cast-iron bed- turned, the ordinary mechanism for turn- tions. The ore is roasted for the pur-
plates beneath tlie converter. Tlie shell ing them heini;' also dependent on elec- peso of oxidizing the iron and to re-
is turned move as
by means much of
of two wire the sulphur
ropes, each as possible
o f which without in-
takes one- volving un-
half turn due losses
around it, in the fur-
one being nace slag.
on either If the oxi-
side of the dation f
stack. iron is in-
These ropes s u f ficient,
are led to the matte
a hydraulic made in
piston the furnace
working in- will con-
side a hori- t a i n so
z na 1 t much iron
c y 1 i n d er that its
and having r e-t r e a t-
a stroke of ment is too
9 feet. On
costly.
As an or- the other
dinary hy- hand, if
d r a u li c too much
e quipment sulphur is
would not expelled as
be suitable a result of
in the a too thor-
climate of ough oxida-
N r hern
t tion, undue
n t a r io, losses will
oil is used INTEKIOR OP SUBSTATION AT COPPER CLIFF, ONT. occur in
for rotat- the furnace
ing the converter shells. This is moved in trie power. To avoid this danger, a slags, which is, of course, undesirable.
the cylinders by air pressure. Two oil spare tank is provided in which oil is Open heap roasting as practised at
tanks are provided, one for regular use kept under 300 pounds pressure. This Copper Cliff is an old, simple, cheap,
and one for emergency. Each of these spare tank is connected to an hydraulic and very effective method of treatment
is made of "4-iri- steel boiler plate, and cylinder fcy a valve which is kept closed for the accomplishment of the purpose
is 4 feet in diameter and 15 feet in by a solenoid brake. After the power desired. The roast piles differ in size
height. A small amount of oil is pumped goes off, a blower engine will keep turn- according to the rapidity of roast re-
into these tanksand the space above the ing over and delivering air for perhaps quired. These sizes vary from 30 ft. x
oil is with air at 75 pounds pres-
filled
15 or 20 seconds owing to the momentum 40 ft. or 36 ft. X 40 ft. to 50 ft. x 100 ft.
sure. An electrically driven pressure of the fly-wheel; this affords time for
Small heaps Tvill contain from 800 to
pump next forces more oil into the the solenoid brake to operate. The brake
1.000 tons and can be roasted in about
cylinders, compressing the air to 300 90 days. Large heaps will contain as
is electrically actuated and, the moment
pounds pressure, at which point the mucli as 3,000 tons and will require from
the power goes off, the brake drops, open-
pump stops automatically. 6 to 9 months to roast properly. The
When desired to turn down a con-
ing the valve and admitting oil
most satisfactory product obtained by
is
it is
verter, a controlling valve is opened on to the proper side of the cylinder to turn the long-time roasts. The practice is to
the converter platform. This allows the the converter down. This device is ab- keep about six months stock of roasted
oil to pass from one side of tho hydraulic solutely automatic and entirely separate ore in tlie vards ready for the smelter.
' ..
The ore arrives at the yards in 50-ton Basic and Acid Converting on Copper- Nickel Mattes.
cars, and it has already been crushed Tons Cu-Ni Loss of Cu-Ni
to pass a 4 in. grizzly. Each car is run Tons flux Tons furnace matte charged per by slag and slop
out to the place required and light Converter per ton of per ton Bessemer ton B. matte per ton of B.
planks are laid from the car to the heap. type iron removed matte produced produced matte.*
A shovel and barrow gang of about 10 Acid . . 1.31 4.66 27.38% CuNi 1.28 0.48 tons.
men then transfer the ore to the pile. Basic . 0.91 4.13 22.58% CuNi 0.93 0.13 tons.
The coarse ore is piled above the wood *One ton Bessemer matte contains 0.8tons of copper-nickel.
to a depth of 5 to 6 feet, or more, ac-
cording to the size of heap desired, and jiosite the slag spout, and is drawn off in. in thickness. After cooling, the slabs
this is topped with 8 in. to 12 in. of into matte ladles in 5-7 ton lots. The of matte are broken up and loaded into
fines. The tops of the piles are built matte crane lifts loaded pot upon a
tlie railway cars for shipment to the refinerj'.
with a top slope of about 1 foot in 15 small lorry. The lorry
is then hauled
feet, presumably for drainage purposes. across the yard 60 feet to the converter
When completed, it is fired
the pile is building. Two tracks are provided for BRASS DIE-CASTINGS.
and allowed to burn slowly, being care- tliese matte transfer trucks. FOLLOWING are a number. of reasons
fully watched not only until it is fairly Green ore from the Creighton mine, why brass die-castings cannot be pro-
alight, but afterwards to make the roast n'' it arrives at the roast yards, has the duced commercially: The writer has
as uniform as possible. When the roast following composition: S. 23.75; Cu. seen produced brass die-eastings of small
is completed and the pile has cooled off 1.46; Ni. 4.35; FeS. .35.69; FeO. 4.40; machine parts, but due to advances that
sufficiently, the heaps are blasted to SiO.. 18.80: CaO. 2.00; MgO. 1.5; AlA- have been made in modern foundry and
loosen the ore. The roasted ore is then 4.5. machine shop practice, these castings
loaded by a Bucyrus steam shovel into A typical roast will eliminate sulphur could be made cheaper when sand east.
50 ton bottom-dump steel railway cars to and oxidize the iron, and the roasted Modern automatic molding machines,
be transferred to the smelter bins. All ores will contain approximately 12 per automatic screw machines, etc., make it
ore entering the roast yards is weighed cent, to 16 per cent, of sulphur. possible to produce small brass castings
umn in the furnace is maintained at no scrap. The blowing time per ton of and other Canadian roads filed with the
about 13 feet; the blast pressure used finished bessemer matte is not only great- Dominion Board of Railway Commis-
being 30-35 ounces. The total quantity ly reduced, but the cost of linino- per ton sioners on February 4 their application
of blast required is about 1,313 tons of of matte produced is considerably less for a sweeping increase in eastern
lent of about 22,600 cubic feet per than when acid converters are used. The freight rates.
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE
Embracing the Further Discussion of Previously Published Articles, Inquiries for
General Information, Observations and Suggestions. Your Co-operation is Invited
CONCERNING FOUNDRY COKE. slowei' and proci'cds slower. In the by- niusi he concentration. Heat is supplied
By "Melter." product ()\('n, coal of high and low vola- by contact with the coke also by gases
COKK witli
of cailx)!! and ash
consists
small percentage of vola-
a
tile constil ution may l)e mixed to obtain
best results.
and contact oi' nu'tal with other hot
nielal. If one coke is denser than the
tile matter, and is the residue The principal points t(i consider in other, there will be less area in the
from the expulsion of the larue percent- choosing a coke for foundry purposes denser for ecpial weights, and the con-
age of the latter from coal through the are:
Strengtli, density, melting rates, centration will be greater on the denser
medium of This volatile matter
iieat. uniformity, sulphur, even taps, condition consequently, all other things being
consists of hydrogen and oxygen, com- of cupola and ladles, height at which ('(|ual, a dense, strong coke is better thaji
bined with eacli other and carbon, and melting zone can he ('stal)!ished and a light, weak one.
is set free by the breaking up- of tlie maintained. rnifoi-mity in analysis and structure
coal. Some of its compounds form Strength is necessary to resist break- from (lay to day means
that a foundry-
gases and otiiers when vaixn'ised are con- ing-up in handling- the
waste being man does not have to be continually
densed. sometimes as iiigh as 2%, and in crush- altering weight of iron charges or vary-
Coke Ovens. ing when throwing in tiie charge. ]f ing (|nantity of coke to correct irregu-
There are several tyi)es of coke oxcns, the coke be broken small, the amount of larities. This is explained by the fact
but here we shall consider only tiie hee- surface which is being liurned is in- that hard coke requires more blast and
liive and by-product forms. creased an<l, if tiie heat be not ntili.^ed soft coke less blast. If we have hard
In the beehive oven, all the volar ile.s as fast as produced, it is wasted. and s(dt c(d<e in the same cupola, and
are burned in the same chamber adja- Some founders make a shatter test by ai-e in the act of heating metal with the
cent to and above the coal. Heat is in(h- dropping 50 pounds of coke from a hard product, the soft coke above or
adjacent will be bui-ning due to the air
blast not all being consumed but work-
ing up through (he charge. Wlicn the
next charge desceinls to the melting
/one. there will l)e insufficient coke,
4<0B
wliichmeans more oxidation of silicon,
^'4*1
;?:
MUZl
:Snz liii
m it: iirsui ^5i[
iizm^2i
IV.
m iVMi
high sulphur iron.
Tn the illustration, H represents a high
sulphur coke, while coke R contains just
half as much sulphur. It will l)e noted
therefore, this allows some burning of amount retained on a 2-inch screen be phur and ash feature. Coke B is claim-
the coke at the top. 80% or over, the coke is considered ed to produce less slag and to require
In the by-product oven the volatiles sufficiently strong. An authority A\hose less linu'stone. We would not. however,
name remember, gives the judge fi-om the analyses that such
are first taken away, then the tar and I cannot
benzol are extracted by cooling, while strength oven coke as 300
of beehive would be the case, but rather the reverse.
the residual gases are returned and lbs. and by-product oven coke made from The fact, although not yet determined,
burnt in the flues aroimd the oven; only the same coal in each case as 940 lbs. may be due to greater uniformity of size
as much hot air as is required being ad- per cubic inch. and slower burning, tlius not allowing
mitted. When the coal is coked, it is Density determines the concentration the blast to slufif off the brick lining.
pushed out and quenched with water. of heat possible. For every quantity of Coke B shov>s high in phosphorus, but
In the beehive process, on the other heat there is a quantity of coke to be this feature is watched so closely by
hand, the whole oven is cooled which bir?itd and air to be supplied and, to manufacturers that no trouble is likely
means that the next charge is heated up consume the fuel economically, there to result.
32 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
The A coke is hard, tough and much facturing business and it is therefore a highly-perfected machine, an-d the
denser than B, their respective weights up to each moulder to boost his trade manufacture of which has developed into
being 21 lbs. and 30 lbs. per cubic foot. jind not only respect it himself but a great industrial concern employing sev-
Coke B, however, appears to have make others do so. eral hundred hands, to find the beginning
greater strength when incandescent, and There are many ways in which he can of this invention, it would lead us to
requires less blast pre.ssure for equal help himself to gain a greater knowledge some garret, some wood shed, or some
results, which may also be accounted for of all branches of the foundry busi- such fitted-up home workshop, where its
by the above-mentioned characteristics. ness, and thereby find out that it is not rudimentary design or crude model was
To prove the contention that coke B only a question of ramming sand but a first brought forth.
was stronger when incandescent and did business that takes a goodly amount of The Lone Inventor.
not burn away as rapidly in spite of its study if one wishes to understand both Nowadays the work of experimenting
physical appearance when cold, the illus- the practical and technical end of it. on changes and new designs in ma-
tration .sliows consistently a softer chill. Many mechanics smile at the idea of chinery made through the suggestions
There was also hotter iron and a greater learning your trade from a book, but of employees, is carried on in the fac-
l)ercentag-e left in the cupola after drop- it makes no difference how good you may tory, where they are later produced; but
])ing bottom. be as an operator, you can never expect the work of developing original inven-
While the obtained by using
results to work up to the position of foreman
tions ideas that have never before
coke are largely a matter of product, it or superintendent if you have no tech- as of old, carried on in humble sur-
is often possible to vitiate these results nical training in the trade you follow. roundings as already mentioned, being
l)y a poor understanding of the most Another danger to the moulding trade very often done amid hardships, accom-
ordinary laws governing combustion and is that of too many specialty men, who, panied by great sacrifices, and by long
cupola practice:
iiciieral if taken off the class of work they are and patient earnest toil.
Coke Coke on, are useless in another shop and have Why is this? Because, while inven-
A. B. to learn all over again, wliich is a waste tive workmen can have their ideas de-
Carbon 91.05 90.00 of time and money for both them and veloped in places where they are em-
Volatile combustible mat- their employer. This in time is going ployed, providing their ideas are suitable
ter .'UiS i.;io to bring on a serious condition in ma- or can be applied to machines or pro-
Ash 5-59 -50 chinery and jobbing shops as very few duets already being manufactured there,
Sulphur 1.00 0.50 are learning the trade in all its brandies those who originate ideas on other lines
B. T. r 11.00(1 n.soo and sooner or later the jobbing and ma- seldom have them accepted, and are ob-
Ash Analysis. chinery moulder will be at a premium. liged to work and develop them on their
Silica -ih-OT 50.;{;i Foundrymen should try and make the own account.
Alumina 28.9-1 .32.28 conditions as pleasant as possible in Having the confidence in the success
Iron Oxide 2:5.2.3 8.5.3 their foundries, for no man or boy likes and usefulness of their inventions, some
Lime '^32 1-98 to be regarded as a machine, but likes few of these- inventive workmen succeed
Magnesia 0.r)8 1.14 to know that his best efforts are ap- in bringing them out alone, while on the
Phosphoric Acid l-Ofi 3.82 preciated. A word of encouragement other hand, a great many other workmen
Sulphuric Anhydride . . . 0.85 1.85 to a man who is doing well goes a long with ideas just as useful and valuable
way towards making him feel satisfied never attempt to do so, because they
with his work and surroundings. lack initiative for one thing, and another
BOOST THE MOULDING CRAFT. It is the duty of all foundrymen to and most important reason is that they
By R. Micks. make the trade as attractive as possible require but never receive the proper en-
so that a boy who is considering becom- couragement to do so.
EVERY mechanic should respect the
ing a craftsman can see something ahead The greater number of inventions and
trade that he has chosen to follow and of him outside of hard work and a hump improvements are from ideas and sug-
do all in his power to put it in the front on his back in a few years. Make him gestions given to employers by their
rank, but it is necessary that he should workmen skilled and experienced in me-
feel that he is a part of the organiza-
like his work and take a deep interest chanics. It has always been a theory
tion, and is just as necessary as the big-
in it and try and master its every de-
gest man in tlie plant, and that the more of the writer, which is based only on his
tail, otherwise he cannot expect to rise range of experience and observation, of
energy and study he gives to his trade
to the top. course, that from five to ten out of every
the better chance he has to rise to the
For some reason or other, the mould- hundred workmen in any given factory
top. If these points were explained to
ing eraft has never received its just
are of a "mechanical turn of mind" or
boys who are considering taking up a
dues from the manufacturing world inventors.
trade, I don't think there would be so
and in a lot of cases moulders have Workmen of skill and ingenuity are
much difficulty in securing good, intelli-
themselves to blame for these conditions, always inventors, and though many of
gent apprentices for the moulding shop
as the only interest they seem to have them have valuable ideas, they are un-
or other allied department.
in their work is to slam it up and get able to develop them owing to their cir-
it out of the shop as soon as possible.
cumstances or for various other reasons.
Some of the travelling moulders also CREATING AND EVOLVING The workman with an idea for a tappinsr
have helped to give the trade a hard INDUSTRIES. machine, when employed in a place
name, their limits being pay-day, a spree By -T. E. Cooley. where cash registers are made, is as
and away. Many people judge the trade INDUSTRIES founded on
as a rule are much handicapped as the workman with
by such examples, although in reality new and these inventions are
in\ entions, an idea for a cash register when em-
there are some of the finest men and a-enerallv ideas that were first evolved ployed where only tapping machines are
first-class mechanics serving at mould- from the brain of some one man, who made, yet the fact so long neglected or
ing who regard their work as an liad been or still is a workman. overlooked is that it is these stray ideas
art and do their best to make it so. If it were possible to trace backward developed that build up new industries;
Every thinking man knows that the through the successive improvements of and simply because of the lack of sup-
foundry is the foundation of all manu- any particular invention of wliat is now port or encouragement, many of the
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 33
ideas are lost or die with the brain that their plants so as to be able to reap the
conceived them. full advantage of the present oppor-
DOMINION STEEL PRESIDENT ON
tunity of securing the world's markets,
OUTLOOK.
New Ideas Stimulate Business. THAT there is a fair amount of busi-
but the mere modernisation of plants is
Business always dependent on new
is not sufficient, as commercial success ness offering in Europe for the Canadian
ideas. That business which is popular must, after all, depend on the calibre of steelcompanies, but that they are consid-
to-day, whether in manufacturing auto- the men wlio run the plant. erably hampered in handling it owing to
mobiles or furnishing- war materials, will Tlie necessity of commercial training the difficulty of getting steamers to
die out to-morrow, and must be super- for engineers on the basis that to sell ti-ansport their freight across the Atlan-
seded by something- else; and this fact is machinery successfully it is necessary lic, is the statement made by J. H. Plum-
always evident, that industry and wel- for the salesman thoroughly to under- nier, president of the Dominion Steel
fare are ever dependent on new ideas. stand the product he is selling, applies Corporation, Avho has just returned from
Where are these ideas to come from? equally, if not more imperatively, to the an inspection trip to tlie company's
As already stated, the most of them modern where, by the intro-
steel trade, plants at Sydney.
come from inventive employees. duction of small percentages of various "As regards our European business,
If a lathe hand
has an idea for a alloys, the metal can be made adaptable conditions are very fair," said Mr. Plum-
new tool-holder,another workman an to such varied uses. Therefore our mei-. "The trouble is that there is not
idea for a quick-acting wrench, still an- steel works should be manned by a well- much margin of profit in it, and that,
other an idea for a universal joint, it is trained commercial technical staff, and because the British and French Govern-
to the interest of the employer to ferret controlled by men of initiative and am- ments have commandeered so many ves-
out these ideas and have them developed, bition, who, to a sound basis training in sels, it is difficult to get shipping space.
even though having been perfected, the engineering and the various branches of The result is that, although prices on
originators cannot undertake the work iron and steel manufacture, add a sound steel and iron products in Europe have
of manufacturing them. The principal practical commercial and financial know- recovered from their recent depression,
thing is to be the aid in bringing forward ledge. the increased cost of transportation to
the first models, for it is by this aid that market offsets the higher quotations."
Profitable Business Getting.
new industries are going to spring up Mr. Plummer reports that the steel
The success of a steel company does
and, with them, new machinery require- business in this country has not shown
not lie in the possession of a fine plant
ments. Each manufacturer in taking any improvement as yet, reflecting in
or highly technical staff, as without busi-
up this work of developing new ideas this respect general trade conditions.
ness these cannot be profitably employed.
helps to create new industries, and also Furthennore. he states that, in view of
The fundamental point in all trades is
creates opportunities for himself to the unprecedented circumstances, it is
the making of profits, and in the atmos-
serve them with machinery of his own. exceedingly difficult to make any war-
phere of a general meeting of share-
ranted deductions concerning the out-
Encouraging New Ideas Development. holders, who know little, and care less,
look.
Industrial committees who are ever about the technicalities of the particular
The Dominion Steel Corporation is
reaching out in trying to secure new in- industry their money is invested in, it is
]iow operating between 66 2-3 per cent.
dustries to locate in their respective of little use for a chairman to point out
and 75 per cent, of capacity, and is em-
communities will find it profitable to that the collieries are admirably equip-
ploying between 2,600 and 2,800 men.
take up the work of encouraging me- ped, the coal washeries uji-to-date, or
The employes are not all working full
chanics to develop their ideas by provid- that the coke ovens are of the latest
time, but the labor situation has im-
ing a place and means for them to do so. type, fitted with highly efficient sulphate
)iroved in the last few months because
With a very small outlay a public ex- and benzol plant, or that the coke bur-
den of the blast furnaces has been de-
of the European orders received.
perimenting room could be fitted up with
a few lathes, one or two shapers, a large creased by use of desiccated blast, or
and small drill press, and all the neces-
that the latest mixed pressure turbines VANADIUM STEEL IN LOCOMO-
sary tools to use with these machines, are used for blowing purposes, utilizing TIVES.
also a work bench with a few vises, and the exhaust steam from the mill engines, THE following table shows vanadium
a forge. The room should be provided or that the open-hearth and Bessemer parts applied to locomotives built or
with a few closet spaces, where the in- plants are second to none, unless he can ordered in the United States from Jan-
ventor can construct his invention in at the same time announce a satisfactory uary. 1913, to May 15th, 1914:
secret and experiment with it.
dividend.
Number of Number of
Nearly every factory can boast of em- Now tliat the opportunity of securing Name of parts. engines parts
ployee-inventors, many of whom are am- a large |)roportion of the world 's trade
equip 'd. applied.
bitious and desirous of having their
has unexpectedly arrived, tliere is no
Driving axles 479 1,297
ideas developed, and if these could be time to train such men; but would it
Main rods 377 822
not be possible to secure the services of
given a slight boost, or have the neces- Side rods 284 1,986
sary facilities provided, it is only reason-
men who have had a good technical
Frames 993 2,054
training in steel works- and engineering
able to believe that, wherever this aid Crank pins 198 612
and who have since
in their early days,
were given, greater industrial progress Piston rods 69 138
would be realized.
branched out into commerce and learnt
Springs (engine and
the art of technical salesmanship, to-
tender) 366 ....
gether with the equally essential science
Engine truck axles. 62 62
COMMERCIAL TRAINING FOR of financing a business? Such men have
. .
Wheels 700
STEEL PLANT MANAGERS. the power to utilize their technical know-
Tires 1,150
IN a communication to the "Iron- ledge to its fullest advantage on the
Cylinders (vanadium
monger," dealing with the commercial market, and, all things being equal, they
cast iron) 260 540
training of steel plant managers, E. are most likely to be able to make an
Griffiths, M.I.Mech.E., Liverpool, Eng- otherwise satisfactory plant supply that With exception of
the wheels and
land, says it is quite appropriate to ad- one requirement of the modern share- tires the foregoing applies to new power
STRIPPING PLATE JOLT MACHINE. 100 plain jolt machine, being equipped is an important feature of tlie machine,
ANNOUNCEMENT is made of a with the Osborn air cushioned balanced
jolt valve.
as it is not necessary to await the ex-
which automatically performs Drawing Mechanism. The draw cy- and then depend upon gravity for the
practically all of the operations neces- linders are cast in one piece and connect- return. In many instances it has been
sary to mold-making, except shoveling of ed to the base of the machine by large found that gravity is not sufficient to
the sand, and is especially adapted for fitted bolts. These cylinders extend be- o\ ercome the wedge action caused by
the making of moulds tor joarnal boxes low the base and are so designed a^ to sand between the pattern and stripping-
and work of a general nature. It of set inside of 8 inch pipes inserted in the plate. Both the stripping and lowering
course delivers a better quality of mould foundation. The piston rod, which is action are equally as fast as that of
than hand-work, reduces waste to a mini- also the guide rod, is planed on the side hand-power on the old-style machine.
mum, is very much easier at every step, and provided with gear teeth which The rated and maximum stripping ca-
and materially lessens labor cost, as skill mesh with pinions cut from a solid shaft pacities with 80pounds air pressure are
IS not an important qualitieation for the
extending from one cylinder to the other. 800 and 1,000 pounds respectively, while
operator. Both tills pinion shaft and the guide rods the maximum jolting capacity is 1,200
Tlie apparatus is known as the Os- are entirely enclo.sed and self-oiling, pounds. The standard table size is 19%
born Stripping Plate Jolt Machine No. wliile the ]iinion shaft is used to prev- inches by 32 inches, the pattern draw 14
450, and is adapted to use with any of ent one rod traveling faster than the inches, and the height of table from floor
otlier. 24 inches.
the standard types of stripping plate
equipment in any size. As tlie pattern Air-Operated Flask Clamps. The
is drawn through the plate by power, ac- machine is provided with clamps oper-
curacy is a feature on wl'.ich much stress ated by air in order to i-igidly lock the
THE NEW WILLSON GOGGLE.
is laid. One of the most obvious advant- flask and stripping plate to the table of T. A. WILLSON CO., Inc., Reading, Pa.,
ages of the machine is the speed at the machine. This is not always re- have recently placed on the market a
which moulds are made taking a single (|uired. but on certain classes of work it new gognle specially designed to meet
mould or, more particularly, continuous is found to work to gxeat advantage. A the refiuirements of machinists and
operation. The mould automatically
is hale swings over the end of the flask grinders. This goggle has a unique con-
lie bale being made of spring steel, in
struction, and is claimed to offer work-
jolted and stripped mucli more quickly t
than by hand, and as all operations are order to compensate for unevenness in men complete comfort and perfect eye
])ositi\e. speed is furtlier enhanced the heiuht of flasks. The macliine is fitted protection.
The table size can be varied, which is cators, etc., ready to set on the founda- til goggle is made light in weight, yet
is
sometimes desirable where tlie machine tion; the purchaser only being required substantial, due to sturdy eye wire,
is to be used on one particular pattern. to bring his air line to the machine. temples, etc. It will stand rough shop
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 35
TYPE 'E" NORTHERN CRANE of gearing when running in an internally he created Tiny Tim for old men to read
TROLLEYS, lubricated design of this kind. Another to children.
THE eral
shown has in its gen-
trolley
form been on tlie market for
jjoint is the almost noiseless operation.
The trolley is wired throughout with
The men whose knowledge of facts is
merely incidental to strength of char-
some time, but during the past modern wiring in steel conduits, and is acter and high purpose are the most
.year or so several improved details iiave made in capacities from 2 tons to 125 useful men in trade or shops. Directors
been aJded, and it now appears in a form tons for either mill or standard service. of companies do not weigh what a man
thoroughly in accordance with the most Mill service trollies have axle bearings knows, but they consider his complete-
recent crane engineering practice. Prim- of either the vertically or horizontally ness as a man for the work he has to do
ary considerations have been safety capped M.C.B. type. and a technical man is selected, the
if
bofh in the way of strength and in tlie The Northern Crane Works, Walker- choice is for other and better reasons
protection of workitig parts. Accessi- ville, Ont., are the designers and builders than his knowledge of undisputed facts.
bility, and dnral)ility of gears
rigidity of this type crane trolley. Men for heavy burdens need self-con-
and other moving parts have been se- trol and wisdom more than knowledge of
sured by enclosing and protecting them scientific discoveries or mechanical im-
from dust and grit, and running them NICKEL-PLATING ALUMINUM. provements. There is no short cut to
in an oil bath. The construction is now A communication has recently been pre- real success in building commerce or in
such that the covers of the gear cases sented to the Academic des Sciences by building character. Permanency in a
must be in place or the gearing cannot M, Le Chatelier, in which the author nation^s trade or in individual success is
run, thus insuring against the accidental states that he has succeeded in nickel- supported by something greater than the
omission of the gear covers, and em- plating aluminum, hitherto unaccom- facts of chemistry, of astronomy, or of
phasizing the safet_y feature. plished. This has considerably prevent- mechanics.
Each train of back gears is rigidly ed the extension of employment of this If a technical man fails as a salesman,
nu)unted in a single frame, bearings be- metal, whicli lends itself to so many pur-
his failure is not owing to his education
ing bored in line, and capped and fitted poses, since its dull appearance, espec-
or his training, but to the fact that he
with throuuli l)olts, and bronze lined. The inlly after jirolonged use, has been much
was not a salesman and could not love
hoisting gear train from armature to iigainst it. The difficulty has been sur- the work. If a technical man succeeds
drum gear is in one casting, insuring mounted by a preliminary scouring of as a general manager his success is due
more to his love of the work tlian to his
knowledge of mathematics. A lawyer
may the highest position in commerce
fill
also entirely enclosed in a single rigid forms a kind of network, and when the
cast unit gear case of the same general piece of metal is then passed into the
type as that used for the hoist gearing. nickel bath, the nickel becomes fasten-
Graphitized Metal. Injecting molten
No overhung gears are used. As the ed in tliis network and adheres strongly metal into graphite by air pressure gives
gear covers are castings, the jcvint of the to tlie aluminium. a new product, known as "graplialloy,
enclosed gear cases are planed so as to
make a perfectly tight construction, thus which has hardness and strength adapt-
ing it to many purposes, and retaining
preventing the leakage of oil and its
TECHNICAL MEN AND MANAGE- tlie lubricating property of the graphite.
dripping over the product of the plant.
Lifting the cover of either gear cases
MENT. The new material is intended especially
for bearings for light machinery, such
removes the cap, and any gear with its THERIC is always room for argument
shaft can be quickly lifted out without as to the practical and the impractical, as small motors, fans and windmills. The
This cover can says Edwin S. Jackman in the Iron Age. metal or alloy used with the graphite
disturbing other parts.
be easily lifted, as can the motor drum President Harrison did a practical act can be varied to meet the requirements
and other parts of the trolley, but for for American trainmen when he urged of any particular use bronze
being
inspection and attendance, large man- Congress to pass the automatic coupler most suitable for trolle.y-wheel bushings,
holes are provided, so that it is not bill. Charles Dickens was a practical for instance, and copper or copper alloys
necessarv to remove the gear covers. man when he wrote the "Christmas for electrical apparatus.
Tlie graphalloy
A point emphasized is the longer life Carol'
to pay his pressing debt
' when ; can be machined into anv desired form.
:
36 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
turing plants. There is just about as much to be gained
The MacLean Publishing Company in our adopted attitude as there are possibilities in the
LIMITED realization of the schemes to which it applies, and better
(ESTABLISHED 1888.)
JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN - - - - President far would it be for all concerned if we devoted our time
H. T. HUNTER . _ . - - General Manager and attention to giving a lead by doing what lies to our
H. V. TlBBELili . . - - Asst. General Manager own hand. The following letter from David McLain, of
PUBLISHERS Milwaukee, the well-known American foundry expert, is
not only refreshing on account of its splendid and good
sense optimism, but is clearly indicative as well of what
OBSERVATIONS ON NICKEL-PLAT- For a number of years European of amperes per square foot of plated
ING SOLUTIONS. * platers have been using anodes contain- surface without causing a burnt deposit.
By Dr. Oliver P. Watts.** ing 98 per cent of nickel, and it is time Since the rate of deposition increases
ELECTRO-PLATING isa branch of that American platers followed their directly as the number of amperes, the
electro-chemistry which has en- good example. In a solution contain- time of deposition is lessened propor-
grossed my and
interest more ing only sulphates these pure anodes tionally.
more, and its problems furnish a most do not corrode well, but the addition of There seems to be a prejudice on the
fascinating line of research. During a one or two ounces per gallon of a soluble part of many platers against strong
recent period I have been conducting a chloride remedies this trouble. Nickel, nickel solutions, indicated by sucb
as
series of experiments upon certain sodium, or ammonium chloride should statements as the following, taken from
phases of the deposition of nickel and be added to a solution in which pure periodicals which regularly devote con-
consider the results of sufficient interest anodes are used. siderable space to plating. "A
new bath
to display here. The little 25-gallon plating tank at the composed of double sulpliates and water
Anode Composition University was formerly equipped with not infrequently gives trouble from peel-
The first topic to which I
would refer the standard American anode, contain- ing in addition to the dark color, especi-
is the composition of the anode. For ing iron, carbon, and a trace of copper. ally if the solution stands in excess of
amounts of iron, carbon and tin, so that used copper was precipitated on the p. 106).
the resulting anode contained only about anodes and a scum of iron rust formed
"Question. Our nickel deposits come
92 per cent of nickel. The following on the surface of the solution. Becom- out dark gray and rough after IV2 hours
formula for making nickel anodes is ing dissatisfied with this state of affairs, deposit. The solution stands at 10 de-
taken from one of the plating trade jour- I precipitated the iron, added some sal- izrees, and we have added single salts.
nals:
"Nickel 92 per cent., tin 4 per "Answer.Your solution is too con-
cent., old files 4 per cent." (Metal Ind., centrated. In America solutions that
1907, p. 116). Why old files are pre- ASCEBICAN EliECTRO-PIiATKBS' SO- register 5^/2 to 6 Beaume give the best
ferred to any other form of iron is not
CIETY. TORONTO BRANCH. results,provided the metal content of the
Officer* solution is correct. Concentrated solu-
stated.
President John A. 591
Maglll,
St.
A more recent article says, "the Clarens Ave., Toronto. tions produce dark deposits that readily
consisting of 85 to 89 per cent, nickel The OccidentHall, corner of Qneen of unknown salts, making solutions hav-
and Batburst Streets. Fourth Tbnrsday
and 11 to 15 per cent, iron and tin, are of each month, at 8 p.m. ing a density of 16 degrees, and obtain-
especially adapted to certain work. A ing extremely satisfactory results from
few are made of pure nickel free from these dense solutions. I secured a good
alloy,but are too hard for ordinary pur- ammoniac to cause good anode corrosion,
nickel deposit made at IS amperes per
poses." (Foundry, 1913, p. 17). and square foot from a solution of nickel
replaced the impure anodes by
The purpose of these impurities has and magnesium chlorides having a den-
been explained as follows: "Commer-
sheets of electrolytic nickel, (obtained
from the Orford Copper Co.) Electro- sity of 31.3 degrees. In thickness it is
cial nickel anodes contain in addition equivalent to a deposit for 20 hours at
lytic nickel anodes have now been used
to nickel, iron, tin, and carbon. These 3 amperes per square foot. If high den-
for seven years, and have proved satis-
sity of solution were capable of ruining
are introduced intentionally to render factory. At that time it was, I think,
the anode "soft", e. so that it will a deposit, this would be the worst sample
i. impossible to secure cast anodes of high
dissolve easily in the solution during of nickel plating which you have ever
purity in this country, but to-day the
plating." (Brass World, 1911, p. 154). seen. It is time that platers recognized
plater who wishes to avoid introducing
Analysis of samples of commercial impurities into his solution from his
that poor nickel deposits are due to some
nickel plate (J.Amer. Chem. Soc. 1917, other cause than too dense a solution.
anodes is not confined to the use of
I have tested only one of the high-
29, p. 1268) has shown the presence of electrolytic anodes, as cost anodes of
0.08 to 0.09 per cent of iron, and one
power salts now on the market, but for
high purity are now obtainable.
a period of two months this has done
writer (Trans. Amer. Eleetro-chem. Soc.
High Power Nickel Solntion. nil that the dealer claimed for it. I can-
9, 217) has ascribed the rusting of nickel
plated articles to the presence of this
Another improvement in nickel plat- not conceive that a plater who has once
iron. Whether this is true or not, these ing which has come to us from Europe tried this salt would ever use the old
impurities in the anode are of no benefit is tlie high-power nickel solution. Itmay double sulphate solution, if he could ob-
either to the solution or to the nickel be profitable to consider for a moment tain the price of this high power salt. It
plate, and their presence in nickel sol- what constitutes a high-power nickel so- must be admitted that the expense is
lution. It is not some mysterious chemi- great, 100 gallons of solution costing $70,
utions should no longer be tolerated.
cal of wonderful potency, but is merely instead of about $7 for the double sul-
*Froni a paper read at the annual banquet of
the Chicago branch, American Electroplaters'
a solution containing much more nickel phate solution. Even if we grant that
Society. than the old style bath, and which there- one tank of highpower solntion will do
Laboratory of Applied Eleti'ochemlstry, number
University of Wisconsin. fore permits of using a greater the work of four tanks of the double
effset bv the liot nickel solution. Its use .\ields a soft nickel dejiosit, and permits
made at increasina' current densities and
canadia:n foundryman 39
of more rapid deposition, but on tlie LOCAL CASE-HARDENING. not be hardened, and after cementation
question of wliother heating- will pay or LOCAL case hardening of steel formed and before hardening, these extra thick-
not we liave come to opposite conclu- the subject
of paper read recently by nesses are machined off The process is .
sions. This is a matter wliicli cannot be Guillet and Bernard before the Societe very expensive.
settled by argument, but only by trial on d 'Encouragement pour I'lndustrie Na- 4.
The parts not to be cemented are
a small commercial scale. Cannot some tional of France. The methods employ- pi-otected by a metallic deposit which
local branch of the A. E. S. take up tliis ed were summarized as follows: must be fa) solid at t!ie cementing tem-
(piestion and carry it to a definite con- 1.
The parts to be protected against perature; (b) impervious to the cement-
clusion? Its i)otential importance merits cementation are covered with fire clay, ing materials; (c) easily obtained com-
an early and decisive trial by practical but the protection thus furnished is not mercially, and(d) easily removed after
men. complete, as the gases penetrate the fire the operation.Copper and nickel are the
The Ampere Function. clay, besides in complex shapes the only metals which fulfil conditions (a)
It found that careful
will probal)ly be and (c). and the latter fails to comply
temperature reg'ulation is not essential with condition (b).
to success when the iilatint; tank is e(iuip- CAPTURING GERMAN TRADE. The metal may be dsposited by ini-
ped with an ammeter so that the plater nicrsion in a salt solution, by electrolysis,
knows what current he is usinii'. althouiih A great deal has been written of or by the Schoop spraying process. The
it ntay jirove otherwise if lie lias to de- late as to "capturing" enemies' first-mentioned is not satisfactory ovvinir
jiend entirely upon the voltmeter in con- trade much
of it sense, but still to the tliinness and uncertain adherence
trolling- the current.
This Itjads me to more of nonsense
it Many dillet- .
of the coating. The electrolytic process,
speak of the necessity of an ammeter, or tante commercial experts, who ischeaper to install than the spray pro-
ammeters, of suitable range so connect- have probably never been inside cess,which, on the other hand, is quicker
ed that tiie current passing- in eacli tank a factory and who have no prac- and more easily localized.
may be read. Tt is the number of am- tical knowledge of how trade and
peres per square foot of surface receiv- industry are financed and conduct-
the deposits will be good or bad: and ed, freely lavish allegations as to
not the volts acro.ss tlie tank. lack of initiative and out-of-date Questions and Answers
The \oltage itself has no influence ou methods on the part of our manu-
Question We manufai-ture a line of
the character of the de])osit. and may facturers and exporters, and airily embossed metal novelties and have been
liave any value that is necessary to send, discuss the "capture" of the ex- finishing tiiem in nickel, silver, bra.ss and
the proper number of amperes to the ob- port trade of Germany and Aus- grey. To obtain the grey we use a
jects which are beinu- plated. tria-Hungary, valued at over six sulpho-cyaiiide black nickel solution.
The volt-
meter is l)efter than nothinii' since, with hundred millions sterling per an- This deposit liowe\'er does not reli\-e
its aid. the platci- can make a better num. .We have no desire to dis- easily and the effect is not satisfactory.
guess at the proper adjustment of tlie ' courage energy and enterprise in W'c do not wish to resort to oxidizing
rheostat than he could witliout it, ])ut il making the most of eveiy oppor- with sulphurette. but would like to ob-
is a poor substitute for the ammeter. The tunity for extending our trade Inin a formula foi- a black or grey pro-
idater needs l)oth voltmeter and ammet- far from it nor is it denied that <ln(-ed with electric current, which
er for proper regulation of currents and in some directions our methods of would he softc)- than the sulpho-cyanide
solutions. Tf record business are capable of improve- finish.
a kept of the is
volts and amiieresit will not only tell
ment, but to spread broadcast Answer
For a ten-gallon bath that
what current to use on a ]iarficn]ar tank throughout the world the idea that will produce a soft coating of greyish
when partly, and when completely filled our trade and industry is conduct- black and will |ierniit easy relieving-,
.with wot-k. lint it will indicate chanaes ed on out-of-date principles is not saturate S'^ gallons of soft water (rain
[>
in resistance of the solution. only untrue, but is calculated to water), with carbonate of soda. Next
To calcu-
late the resistance of a platimr
defeat the object which, presun)- saturate 1 g-allon of strong- liquid am-
tank read
ably, such critics have in vie^^'. Up monia with mixture composed of 2i-_.
a
the volts and amperes, onen the switch,
to now it has not been possible to parts of plastic carbonate of nickel and
or otherwise break tlie circuit for a sec-
do a great deal more than to sur- part of jilastic carbonate of copper.
ond- just Ions' enough to get a readinu- vey the fieLd and to pave the way
'
!
same as -when the resistance was meas- method })econu's complicated and ex- ot cleai- pink coloi- and smooth. Also,
uied before.
jiensive. how to obtain a bright dejiosit from a
It not necessary that
is
ing- before putting in a full equipment. thicknesses in those parts -which must you wish to treat, dissoI\-(> 1 oz. of hy]io-
40 CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
sulphite of soda in a little water and add and either brass anodes or old nickel use of clean hardwood sawdust. Employ
a portion of the solution to tiie copper anodes well cleaned may be employed. any good transparent dip lacquer. Some-
batli. Stir well and test by plating a Points to be remembered while using times a matte dip does not work cor-
piece of work. The chemical affects this solution are that current stronger rectly when freshly prepared; in which
the deposit immediately and you will be than 1 volt will produce a gTey deposit, case, add 1 or 2 oz. of water, stir and
able to judge the amount required with and that a current at 1/2 volt pressure test, and repeat until desired results are
considerable accui*acy. Care should be will produce a fine black on polished or obtained. If the dip gives a course
exercised in preparing and adding the buffed surfaces, while dead or unpol- matte to the brass, add more sulphuric
soda solution to avoid an excessive ished surfaces will be finished grey. acid but, if the matte is too fine, add
amount of tlie chemical more than 1 oz. ; When the solution fails to respond, or nitric acid. These additions should be
per 100 gallon frequently proving dis- plates black streaked with grey or white, small and be repeated, if necessary. The
astrous, and less than 1 oz. per 100 gal- add carbonate of nickel previously dis- matte dip gives best results at a tem-
lon being sometimes sufficient. The com- solved in a small portion of the solu- perature of about 90 degrees Fah., while
position of the bath influences the re- tion, to neutralize the excess acid. Am- the silver dip should be used at about
sults. An excess causes blisters and monia should not be used in this solu- 150 degrees Fah. If the silvered parts
black dirty deposits which are often tion as it renders the deposit brittle and appear yello wit indicates an excess of
troublesome to correct. If the proper liable to flake. The usual method of us- cyanide.
amount be used, the rough red deposit ing this solution is to strike the work
will be followed l)y one of uniform color in white nickel, rinse and place in the
and quite smooth and clear. If you de- sulpho-cyanide bath, but this strike is
sire a bright deposit which extra hard,
is not necessary in every case. Deposits
Trade Gossip
do not use the
in the same solution.
hypo-sulphite of soda
Use another bath
from solutions of this character should
never be prolonged after the desired
Sarnia, Ont The Mueller Manufac-
turing Co. is now working on the brass
and dissolve 1 ))ound of caustic potash color is obtained, as the coating is not parts of shrapnd shells for the British
in water then slowly add 10 oz. of car- pure nickel but a combination with non- Government.
bonate of lead to the potash solution and metallic substances and, when deposited
stir well meanwhile. Next add 8 oz. of to the tliickness of more than a mere G. G.
Ulster, late of Fort William,
cream of tartar aiul mix tlie whole thor- hliu. they invaribly scale or flake off. (Int..has been placed in charge of the
oughly together. Of this mixture, add 'IMicy arc not flexible and should be dis- London, Eng., office, opened by the Can-
from 6 to 8 oz. to each 100 gallons of continued as soon as the proper shade adian Car & Foundry Co., to look after
copper solution, such additions being re- is obtained. If the solution be kept at foreign buisness.
quired every few days, dejiending on the about 100 degrees Fah., the deposits are
more uniform, a denser solution being
Montreal, Que. 'It is reported that
amount of work treated by tlie batli. If the Canadian Steel Foundries, Ltd., have
the deposit be too liard, small quantities permissible and the deposition more
secured the contract to manufacture the
of sodium carbonate solution added to rapid.
castings for twenty submarines to be
the copper solution will soften the de-
built by the Canadian Vickers. Ltd., for
posit. Again if the deposit be too soft, Question. We wish directions for
tlie British Government.
use a littlemore cream of tartar in the producing a silver upon
frost finish
above mixture. When additions are small siieet brass goods, also a French Thorold, Ont. The Exolon Company,
ref|uired to ])e made while work is
tiie grey jirocess without liver of sulpliur. makers of an propose
artificial abrasive,
in the bath, shut off tlie current and Answer. To produce tlie silver frost to build another unit to their plant, to
stir in the mixture.Such additions may on brass, first clean the parts in mild cost $20,000. The present buildings and
be avoided by replenishing at regular caustic solution and tiien immerse in equipment represent an expenditure of
intervals. Keep the bath well balanced a solution made as follows: In 1 gallon $130,000. C. J. Brockbank is manager.
in metal and cyanide while using these of nitric acid dissolve 8 oz. sheet zinc
modifiers if best results are desired. by ailding the zinc a few pieces at a
Cobourg, Ont. A by-law authorizing
the issue of debentures for the raising
time. Wlien solution is complete, allow
of $50,000 in aid of the Federal Steel &
Question. Kindly publish a formula the acid to coll and then mix in 1 gallon
Foundry Co., Ltd., for the establish-
for a black nickel solution and give some of sulphuric acid. This mixture will
ment of a manufactory of steel and iron
particulars as to its operation. ))r()duc(' a matte surface on brass goods
Answer. There are many formulae immersed momentarily. The color will
products, forgings and castines
carried by a vote of 572 to 90.
liasbeen
for so-called black nickel solutions, but be dull. To obtain a bright matte sur-
those which are most popular contain face suitable for frosted finish, dip the
Midland, Ont. The steel plant form-
sulpho-cyanide of potash. The formula parts in a solution consisting of equal erly known as the Georgian Bay En-
here given contains no other clieniical parts nitric acid and sulpliuric acid in
gineering Works, which has been stand-
foreign to a white nickel solution. Dis- water equal to ^/4 tlie volume of tlie ing idle for nearly fifteen months, will
solve 7 oz. sulphate of nickel, ^% oz. acid mixture which also contains 1 oz.
resume operations. Drummond Brothers
ammonium chloride and II/4 oz. boracic of hydrochloric acid per gallon. Rinse have leased the plant, and will fit it up
acid for each gallon of water used, when the work thoroughly after removal from
for the manufacture of shrapnel shells.
the chemicals are dissolved and well the dip and then pass througli a weak
J. J. Drummond is manager of the com-
mixed in solution, allow to cool and cyanide solution. Rinse again, and place
pany.
then add 2 oz. sulpho-cyanide of potash in tlie silver dip which is coni]>osed of
for each gallon; this should also be dis- 8 oz. potassium cyanide, 12 oz. caustic G. A. Irwin lias been appointed sales
solved before adding to tlie previously soda, and 1^4 o^- silver nitrate dissolved manager for the Algoma Steel Corpora-
made solution. When
two solu- the in 3 gallon of clean rain water. Move tion, and assumed his new duties at the
tions are mixed, stir whole thor- the tlieparts quickly to and fro while in the first of tlie year. He has been connect-
oughly. may be operated
The solution solution, then remove and allow to ed with Drummond McCall & Co. for the
eitlier warm or cold and only a very drain. Next rinse in clean, cold water past thirteen years, which firm have been
weak current is necsesary, one of Yo and dry by aid of boilins' water con- actinu' as sales agents for the Algoma
volt to 1 volt tension being sufficient. taining fish soap. Finish the drying by Steel Corporation. Mr. Irwin had charge
CANADIAN F UNDRY MAN 27
Hamilton
Facings
give aistinctive ana
economical service
The Hamilton
Facing Mill Company, Ltd.
HAMILTON, CANADA
Ij what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
'2H CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
of the sales of all the products of the U. S. Copper Shipments. Copper ex- of suspended and floor type hoists, show-
Algoma Steel Corporation, and in addi- ports from the I'uited States atnounted ing principal dimensions for each size.
tion had charo-e of the sales of iron ore to 15,389,322 pounds, valued at $2,067.-
and pig iron. About July 1 last year the 356 during the week ended January 30.
Analysis by Sparks. The spark test
of steels in forue shops and tool room is
Alsoma Steel Corporation decided to sell Of this 6,289,648 pounds went to France,
jilaced next to precise chemical analysis
direct, hence the opening' of the Mont- 4,776,728 to England. 1.717,428 to Italy,
by J. F. Keller, of Perdue University. A
real sales office of wliieh Mr. Irwin is in 1,456.336 to Sweden and (191,142 to Can-
cliart. 18 by 24 inches in size, has been
charoe, in tlie McGill Building. ada.
ju'epared, and shows the colors and gen-
Lessons on Oxy-Acetylene Welding Dominion Steel December Output. eral appearance of the sparks for steel-
and Cutting. A second elementary Avin- The business of the Dominion Steel Cor- of many different compositions. Com-
ter course was started on Jan. 20 at the poration in the closins' months of the jiai'isons of the sparks with this chart
Montreal Technical School. 70 Sher- year did not show great improvement. serves to separate iron, mild steel, tool
brooke street West, on the subject of The output for December. 1914. as com- steel, liigh-speed steel, inagnet steel, and
Oxy-Acetylene Welding and Cutting- Pro- jiared with the previous year in all de- so on.
partments as follows:
cesses. Ten lessons will be given, one
lesson every Wednesday evening from
is
Lighting Systems. A comprehensive
Dec, 1914. Dec, 1913. general catalogue. No. 71, has been is-
7..30 to 9.30. An advanced course is also (Tons) (Tons) sued by the National Stamping and Elec-
to be held every Friday, from 7.30 to Pig iron 12,843 20,535 tric Works, Chicago, 111. The principal
9.30, ten lessons in all. This began on Steel ingots 19,787 19,082 systems described are the "Acme" air
Friday, Jan. 22. 1915. Theoretical les- Rails 3,700 10,411 light gas sjstem and the "Nulite" hol-
sons are being given by experts in both Wire rods 3.762 1.484 low wire lighting system. A full descrip-
Eniilish and French, while the practical Bars 4!0 265 tion is given of each, with instructions
side will be taught in a fully equipped Wire and wire pro accom-
for installing and operating,
shop with individual benches. ducts 2,567 1,556 Particulars are
panied by
diagrams.
Lake Superior Corporation. A roal mined
Steel Shipments ...
317.003
12.048
396,824
5,549
given of the various fittings and also of
change lias taken |)lace in connection the gasoline portable and stationary
Coa] 221,597 261 ,,316 lamps. The catalogue is fully illustrated
with the Lake Superior orporation ad-
(
crucibles, file
If you have use for taining a synopsis of twelve lessons, giv-
crucibles, crucible covers, tilting furn-
ing particulars covering grey iron mix-
tures, cupola practice and the making of
ace crucibles, retorts, bottom-pour cru-
During the
New Year
You will re-line your
Cupolas, Converters
Our Analysis and Furnaces
of your materials will
Our larjie .stock of Cupola Blocks, Fire
enable you to keep quality
Bricks, Fire Clay, Fire Mortar, Mica Schist,
uniform and plug many
CarboriuuUim, Sand, etc., enables us to
profit leaks. make prompt shipment of any grade, shape
Give us a trial. Our prices are and size lining desired, and in any quantity.
reasonable, and we guarantee We solicit your orders in this and other
prompt and accurate work.
Crucibles
Behind our claim of absolute superiority there is 40 years of proof.
McCULLOUGH-DALZELL CRUCIBLES
The kind you should use. Send us your next order.
Air Compresaors. Bnffine and Follshinc J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Monarch Eng. ft Mfg. Co., Balti-
Machinery. Robeson Process Co., Pennington, N.J. more, Md.
A. B. WUlianu Maehy. Co., Toronto.
Frederic B. Sterens, Detroit. Northern Crane Worto Ltd.. Vfa.ac
Berbhlrc UIg. Co., Clereland, O. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Ont.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Tille,
OleTrltDd Pneumatic Tool Cp. of J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, P.
Canada, Toronto. Baffingr and Polishing Composi- Core Machines, Hammer.
tions. Elk Fire Brick Co,, Hamilton, Ont
Canadian IngeraoU-Rand Co., Ltd., H. S. Carter ft Co.. Toronto. Sheldons, Limited, Oalt, Ont
Montreal. W. W. Wells. Toronto. Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi- Sterens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Can. Niasara Deriee '^o., Bridgeburg. cago, 111.
Whiting Foundry Equipment
Curtia Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. Buffs. Demmler ft Bros., Wm Kewanee, HI, Harrey, 111.
Co.,
Louis, Mo. Chas. J. Menzemer, Niagara Falls, Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
Hamilton
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton. Ont. Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Ont. W. W. Wells. Toronto. Hamilton, Unu Cupola Blast Ganges.
E. J. Woodlson Co.. Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Bnrnprs, Core Oven. Core-making Machines. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,.
Alloya. Webster &
Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Berkshire Mfg. Co., Clereland, O. Hamilton, Ont
Bermann Boker ft Co., Montreal.
Federal Fdry. Sup. Co., Clereland. H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co., PhUadelphla, Pa.
Webster & Sena, Ltd., Montreal. Monarch Eng. ft Mfg. Co.. Baltim&ic. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Whiting Foundry Equipment Oc,
Frederic B. Sterena, Detroit. W. 8. Rockwell Co., New York. J. S. McCormick
Co., Pittsburg. Pa. Harrey, 111.
K. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Frederic B. Sterens. Detroit. Federal Fdry.
Co.. Clereland. Sup.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. J. W. Paxson
Co.. Philadelphia, Pa.
Cupola Blocks.
Anodes, Brass, Copper, Nickel, Sterens, F. B., Detroit. Mich.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., MontreaL
Zinc. Cars, Core OTen. Elk Fire Bn(k Co., HamUlon, Ont
H. S. Carter ft Co.. Toronto. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
Chaa. J. Menzemer, Niagara Falls. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Core Oils. Hamilton, Ont.
Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Harrey. 111. Cataract Refining Co., Buffalo, N.T. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, P,
ton, Ont. E. J. Woodison Co.. Toronto. H. 8. Carter ft Co.. Toronto. Sterens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
W. W. Wells, Toronto. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., MontrMl. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Ammetera. J. 8. McCormick Co.. Pittsburg. Pa. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd.,
Federal Fdry. 8>ip. Co., Clereland. Hamilton. Ont.
Cupola Blowers.
Chaa. J. Menzemer, Niagara Falls. Monarch Eng. ft Mfg. Co.. Baltimore. Can. Buffalo Forge Co., MontreaL
Holland Core Oil Co., Chicago.
B. J. Woodison Co.. Toronto. Can. Sirocco Co.. Ltd.. Windsor. Out
S. McCormick Co., Pittsburd, Pa.
Barrels, funiblinc.
CastlnKs, Brass, AInmlnam and J.
Federal Fdry. Sup. Co., Clereland.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Bronze. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
J. 8. McCormick Co.. I'lilaburg, Pa
H. 8. Carter & Co.. Toronto. A. T. Oordon, Ottawa. Ont. Monarch Eng. ft Mfg. Co.. Baltimorr
Webster &
Sdns, Ltd., Montreal. Tallman Brass ft Metal Co., Hamil- Core Ovens. Sheldons, Limited, OaU, Ont
Federal Fdry. Supply Co., Clereland. ton, Ont. H a. Carter
Co.. Toronto. ft Sterens, F. B.. Detroit. Mich.
E>ederie B. Sterens, Detroit.
Caotinic". Malleable.
Webster &
Ltd., Montreal.
.Sous, E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Hamilton Pacing MUI Co., Ltd., Ham- J. 8. McCormick
Co.. Pittsburg. Pa. Cupola Linings.
ilton, Ont. Can. Malleable Iron Co., Owen Sound. Federal Fdry. Sup. Co., Clereland. H. 8. Carter ft Co.. Toronto.
J. S. McCormick Pittsburg, Pa.
Co., Cast Iron. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. LM., Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Northern Crant Works, Ltd., Walker- Frankel Bros., Toronto. Hamilton. Ont. Elk Fire Brick Co., Hamilton, Ont
TiHe. Ont. Monarch Eng. ft Mfg. Co.. Baltimore.
E. Woodison Co., Toronto.
J.
Castlnirs, AlDtninnm and Brass. Oren Equipment ft Mfg. Co., New Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
Pangbora Corp., Hageratown, Md. Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Haren. Conn.
Hamilton, Ont.
ton. Ont. J. S. .McCormick Co.. Pittabnrf, Pa.
Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton,
F. W. Quinn. Hamilton. Ont
Sheldons. Limited. Oalt, Ont J. W. Paxaon Co.. Philadelphia, Pa.
Ont. Sterens, F. B.. Detroit. Mieh. Sterens, F. B.. Detroit Mtik.
Whiting Foundry Eqalpmeat Co., Castlnirs. Nickel. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Earrey, III. W. W. Wells. Toronto. Harrey. 111.
Bolirr Graphite. Cars, Fonndry. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Cnpola Twyers.
Can. Hanson ft Tan Winkle Co.,
Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jsrssy H. Carter A Co.. Toronto
8. Core Wash. Toronto.
City, N.J. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
J. 8. MeConnlpk rn.. Plttahnrs. Pa. J. S. McCormick Co., Pittsburg, Pa. J. 8. McCormick Co., I'iiisburg, Pa.
Blowers-
Monarch Knit, ft Mfg. Co.. Baltimore. Core Wax. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philsdeliihia, Pa.
Can. Ejffalo Forge Co., Montreal. Frederic B. Sterens, Detroit. H. S. Carter ft Co.. Toronto. Sterens, F. B.. Detroit. Mich.
Canadian Ingersoll-Band Co., Ltd., Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Montreal. Harrey. III. Cnited Comtmnnd Co., MufTalo. N.Y.
Can. Sirocco Co., Ltd., Windsor. Ont. Cnttlng-olf Machines.
E. J. Woodison Co.. Toronto. W. D. Beath A Son. Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd., MontreaL
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. McCormick Co., Pittsburg. Pa.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.. Chain Blnrks. J. 8. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Hamilton, Ont. Herbert Morris Chain ft Hoist Co., Cranes, Travelling and Jib. Cyanide of Potassium.
8. MeCormlck Co., Plttoburg, Pa. Ltd., Toronto.
J. Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. Chas. J. Menzemer, Niagara Falls.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. John Mlllen ft Son, Ltd., Montreal Louis. Mo. Ont
J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Chnnleta. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. J. 8. McCormick Co.. Pittsbnrg, Pi.
y. Rockwell Co.. New York.
8. Columbian Facing Mills Co., Buffalo Northern Crane Works, Ltd.. Walker- W. W. Wells. Toronto.
Sheldons, Limited, Oalt, Ont NT. rille, Ont.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Dr,'ir>g Ovens for Cores.
Co.. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton, Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Hanrey, 111. J. S. MeTormlck Co.. Pitohurg. Pa. Ont.
B. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Oren Equipment ft .Mfg. Co., New
Wells Pattern ft Machine Works. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Haren, Conn.
Blaat OauKes Cnpola. Limited. Toronto.
Chnreonl.
Harrey.
Cranes,
111.
Hamilton Kacmg Mill Co., Ltd., Metallarflat*. Webster & Sons, Ltd., .Montreal. Hamilton Facmg Mill Cu.. Ltd..
Hamilton. Ont. Stevens. F. B.. Detroit. Mich. Hamilton, Ont.
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co.. Canadian Latmratoriea, Toronto. E. J. Woodlson Co., Toronto. J. 8. MoConnick Co.. Pittsburg, Pa.
Eaaton. Pa. Charles C. Kawin Co.. Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadplphia. I'a.
J. McCormiek Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
S. Frankel Broa.. Toronto. Retorts. F. B. Shuater Co., New Haven, Conn.
Uonareh Eng. A Mfg. Co.. Baltimore. Toronto Testing Laboratories, Toronto. Stevena. F. B.. Detroit. Mich.
W. ParsonCo., Phnadelphia,
Jonathan Bartley Cmelble Co., Tren- Woodiaon Co., Toronto.
J. Pa. ton, N.J. B. J.
W. a. R.-kwrll To.. New York. Mlllvtlle OraTel.
Stevena. F. B.. Detroit. Mich. Riddles. Sqneesers, Power.
Wblting H. 8. Carter ft Co., Toronto.
Ponndry Equipment Co..
HarvpT. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd., Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Til.
Mixers. HamUton. Ont Hamilton Facmg MUl Cu., Ltd..
B. J. Woodlson Co.. Toronto.
Webster & Sous. Ltd., Montreal, i. 8. MoCormiek Co., Pittaburg, Pa. HamUton, OnU
J. 3. MoOormick Co., Pitlooiitg, Fa. J. W. Paxson
Co., PhfladelpUa, Pa. E. J. Woodiaon Co., Toronto.
0cBlea. Standard Sand ft Machine Co., Stevens. Detroit. Mich.
F. B..
Telghman-BrookAank Sand Blast Co.. Cleveland. O. S. J. Woodlson Co.. Toronto. Steel Ralls.
Philadelphia. Pa. J. W. Pazson (K, P*" ' * ';,"-. Pa. Webster & Sons, Lttl., Montreal. Dom. Iron ft Steel Cs., Bjdaey, N.B.
32 CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
steel Bars, all kind*. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich.
Dom.
Webster
Iron
&
A Steel Co., R^rdaer.
Sous, Ltd., Moutreal.
M^ Whiting
Harvey,
Foundry
111.
Equipment Co.,
Morria Crane
Toronto.
& Hoist Co., Tumblers.
You May Have This Book
J. W. Paxson Co., Phlla''pl">-ia, Pa. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Dominion Fdry. Sup. Co., Montreal,
Standard Sand & Machine
land.
Stevens, F.
-
B.,
Clere-
Foundry Work
Track, Overhead. VibralofB. By Wm. C. Stimpson
Webster & Sous, Ltd., Montreal. Berkshire Mfg. Co., Clereland, O.
Northern iJraue Works, Lia., Walker Canadian Ingersall-Rand Co., Ltd., Head Instructor in Foundry Work and Forg-
ville, Ont. Montreal. ing, D-partment of Science and Technology,
Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co., Pratt Institute.
Ltd., Toronto. Wall Channels.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. i6o pp., 150 illus. Cloth binding. A
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.8.
Harvey, 111. practical guide to modern methods
E. J. Woodison Co.. Toronto. Welding and Cutting. of molding: and casting in iron,
Metals Welding Co., Cleveland. O. brass, bronze, steel and other met-
Tripoli.
W. W. Wells. Toronto.
als, from simple and complex pat-
Wheels, Pollshlnc Abrasive. terns, including many valuable hints
Trolleys and Trolley Systems. Webster Sons. Ltd., .Montreal.
Fora-timlia
*:
Machine Co., H&mlltoa,
on shop management and equip-
Can. Fairbanks-.Vlorse Co., Montreal. OnL '
ment, useful tables, etc.
Curtis I'neiimatic Machinery Co., 8t. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ham-
Lniita. \lo.
WelKter & Sous, Ltd., .Montreal.
ilton,
Stevens.
Ont. Price, $1.00
F. R.. Detroit, Mich.
Hamiiton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ham- United Compound N,Y.
ilton, Ont.
Co., BulTalo, Given free with four yearly paid-up
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
subscriptions.
J. S. McCormick Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker-
ville. Ont. Wire Wheels.
J. W. Caison Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Weiisl, 1 \- Sous. Ltd.. .Moutival. The subscription price is fifty cents per
E. .T. Woodison Co.. Toronto. Frederic It. aievens. Detroiu year two years for one
Whiting Foundry Equipment ; dollar.
Co.. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ham
Rarvey, 111. ilton, Ont.
W. W. Wells, Toronto.
Trucks, Dryer and Factor.v. .1,
E.
S.
.1.
McCormick
Woodison
Co.. I'ittsburg,
Co., Toronto.
Pa. Canadian Foundryman
Webster \: Sons, Ltd.. .Mniitieal.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ham- 143-149 University Avenue, Toronto
ilton, Ont, Wire, Wire Rods and Nails.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Dom. Iron 4 Steel Co.. Sydney. N.8.*
^^2Ki'==>->.
The Hawley-Schwartz Furnace
The Only Perfect Melter
iui^g^^^^^||tfK|gk|7v All metal from 50 lbs. to 10,000 lbs.
V Is Absolutely Uniform
Write for catalog and complete information.
tB5^ s#53^S^W^.
.
ADVERTISING INDEX
liailey & Son, K 4 Hamilton Faein,<> Mill Co., Ltd. . . 27 Paxson Co., J. W. 29
Hartley Ciiu-iblc Co ;{
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co. . 32 Quinn, F. W 28
l>ro\\n Sjiecialty Macliiiiorv Co. . 1
Kawin Co., Charles C Robe.son Process Co. .Inside Back Cover
Can. Laln)ratorie.s. Ltd. ... 29 Inside Front Cover
Caiiailiaii Niagara Dcxico Cu
Seidel, R. B. 2
Lundv Shovel & Tool Co.
Front Cover
Tabor Manufacturing' Co
Can. Sli()\el & Tool Co Maniifacturer.s Brush Co 3
Toronto Testing Laboratory, Ltd. . . 29
Carter & Co., li. S. . . McCormick Co., J. S 28
McCulIough-Dalzell Crucible Co. . 29 LTnited Compound Co. Inside Back Cover
Di.xoii Cnicilile Co. ..Inside Back Cover McLain 's System 1
Webster & Sons, Ltd
Dominion Iron & Steel Co 6 Midland Machine Co 3 Outside Back Cover
l)ot)son. Wm 29 Monarch Eng. & Mfv. Co 9
Wells, W. W 4
(laiitier, .1. H., & Co. Northern Crane Works Wells Pattern & Machine Works . . 2
/
C A N A J) 1 AK F () U N I ) H \' M A N
PATTERN-MAKING
WILLARD By G. H.
With Additional Chapters on
Two Significant Core-Making: and Jlolding
Opinions : "WRITTEN SO YOU CAN
"I think tile book Is UNDERSTAND IT."
the best I ever saw for A book for the man who does the work.
the p r i c e." Edwin Written by a practical patternmaker of
Sluyter, Construction many years' experience. Gets
Engineer, Burroughs down to business in the first chapter
right
<JTRIN .
Adding Machine Co,, and keeps it up throughout the book. REG. L S. ^#T- CFF
I >etrolt. Full of kinks and actual working infor-
mation. Profusely illustrated.
"I consider this Is a
valuable book and Chapter Headings
One of tlie reasons why glutrin makes
should be in the hands
of all men engaged in I. Pattern-Making as a Trade. II. The
such a good core, is that it mixes as
tills line of business." Tools. III. VSoods. IV. Joints. V.
E. W. Clarke, Wilming- Turning. VI. Turning (Continued). VII. thoroughly, evenly and easily as water,
ton Malleable Iron Co., Turning (Continued). VIII. Turning
Wilmington, Delaware. (Concluded). I.X. The Circular Saw. X. with the sand.
The Circular Saw (Continued). XI.
2'!i Pages. 313 IlluHtratiuns.
Machine Tools.
(I'mitinued).
XII.
XIII.
Machine Tools
Simple Patterns.
This thorough and even mi.xing is the
XIV. Simple Patterns (Continued). XV.
Cloth Cover.
Simple Patterns (Concluded). XVI. first essential to good results.
Crooked Patterns. XVll. Large Pattern
Work.
(Pontinued).
XVIII. Large Pattern
XIX. Cro,iliead Guide
Work Then core stays "put"
the glutrin in a does not
Pattenu. XX. Sweop Wor^ XXI. melt and work down to the bottom of the core
Pip* Work. XXII. Store Pattern
Work. XXIII. Uolding Machine Work, when in the o\ en, causing the core to he too strong
XXir. Uoldlns Pattern Work. in one part and too weak in the other.
Part IIvCore- Making and
Mvldlng.
Chapter I.
Complex.
Core-Making, Simple and
II. Principles in Molding,
ROBESON PROCESS COMPANY
ni. Loam Patterns and Loam .Molds.
Everyoue following this trade, or intend-
GRAND MERE, P. Q.
ing to learn it. should have a copy of
this valuablt book.
y
Price $1.10 Postpaid
Selling Agents:
Technical Book Department
The MacLean Publishing E. J. WOODISON COMPANY
Company, Limited TORONTO and WINDSOR, ONTARIO
143-153 University Ave., Toronto and MONTREAL, P. Q.
// ivhat ]/on want is not advertised in th is issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
-
CA NA ] ) I A N F () I' N I) R Y M A N
Our reputation stands ))ack of every line that we sell to the trade
we realize that it's to onr interest that our g'oods t>ive a maxinuun
of service and satisfaction.
Our service the ri,uht goods at the right i)rice, delivei-ed on the dot.
Correspondence invited.
^lAfJpipKiTvlA]^
Metal Industry News
A Monthly Newspaper Devoted to the Foundry, Patternmaking, Plating and Polishing Fields. Published by The MacLean Publishing
Company Limited, Toronto, Montreal, Winnipeg, and London, England
^
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K^W
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:r'rA-':-'
KAWIN SERVICE
Will Correct Any Foundry Losses, Irrespective
of the Cause
We stand ready to pay our own expcaises to your factory, scrutinize
every operation in every department, and then point out where
PRACTICAL economies can be effected without the necessity of ne^'
equipment.
If we cannot save you 100; over your investment
with us, you do not have to pay us a cent.
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
We Give You
John L. Hammer IMMEDIATE
a practical foundryman, RESULTS
designed the Hammer **
Each of these men built their Hence we say every foundry needs
our facts, figures, and efficiency
machines and tested them thor-
methods, and, given the chance, we
oughly in their own foundries.
prove it.
NAME
CHICAGO POSITION
FIRM
ADDRESS 3-15
If what you want is not advertised in this isme consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
The advertiser would like to know where you sau his advertisement tell him.
g'/////y/yy/yy/V/yy///yyy^^^^^
Requires less than half the number of steps necessary with rockover
i^
X
machines, and consequently saves much time.
For continuous and economical work you cannot find a more efficient
molding machine.
Write to-day for descriptive catalog.
Crucibles of Quality
Tilting Furnace
UNIFORM CRUCIBLES
Our Specialty.
Service and Durability
Ensures Economy.
Catalogue on request
If what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
ANODES
Any style orshape
In
FOUNDRY SHOVELS
that will fulfil
Lundy Shovels
best salesmen.
every requirement.
are their own
CANADIAN NIAGARA
DEVICE CO.
Bridgeburg Ont.
J
The advertiser would like to know where you saw hi advertisement tell him.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
"Certainh^ not the consumer, certainly represented by the money spent in ad-
not the retailer. Here is the real truth vertising.
of the matter. Money wisely spent in ''Much as we advertisers love the news-
advertising increases sales and profits papers, to whose revenue we contribute
to such an extent that sufficient capital so handsomely, we only perform this
isprovided for the operation of econo- service because we get more out of the
mies naturally resulting from buying publicity they give us than they get
and manufacturing in larger quantities. out of us with occasional exceptions
The bigger the volume of ti'ade, the perhaps, which are soon rectified. But
cheaper is the relative production; in what is of still greater importance is
fact, as allleading advertisers know, that, in ratio with the cheapening ot
production is cheapened in a nuich production, there is a cheapening of the
greater degree hy advertising than is advertised article to the public."
This answer applies to-day just as well advertising is higher, and is being care-
as when Mr. Barratt made it. fully guarded by the sentries of Vigi-
lance Committees and other Protective
And it applies to Foundry Equipment
Associations.
as well as soap. It applies to technical
journals as well as newspapers.
In short, it pays to buy advertised goods
"WABANA"
Machine Cast Pig Iron
ALL METAL NO SAND
Chill Cast "SANDLESS" Pig Iron
melts quicker or with lower fuel
consumption than Sand Cast Iron.
Machine Cast Iron is shipped 2,240
pounds to the ton, and it is y4// Metal
no sand.
SALES OFFICES :
Sydnejr, N.S.; 112 St. J*me* St., Montreal; 18 Wellington St. E., Toronto
TJit advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
Development of Our Nickel - Copper Smelting Industry
By A. W. G. Wilson
The accompanying article is the third of a monthly series descriptive of Canadian nickel-
copper smelting plants. The European War has brought this particular industry very much
into the limelight, on which account information relative thereto is of more than ordinary
interest and moment. Section 3 of this description of the Mond Nickel Co. organization
will deal with the Gom^pany's refining plant in Wales. Data and cuts are by courtesy of the
Canadian Department of Mines and represent conditions existent in the fall of 1918.
MOND NICKEL CO. I. through a 500 ft. shaft. Extensive dia- toria Mine, and 22 miles west of Sud-
THE Mond Nickel Co. was incor-
porated September 20, 1900, under
mond drill work, based on the results of
magnetic surveys, has shown the exist-
bury; but the operation of this plant
has now ceased, there having been erect-
the laws of Great Britain, and ence of a large body of ore on property ed to replace it a modem and fully-
operates in the Province of Ontario belonging to this company, adjacent to equipped plant at Coniston, about 7
under license. The original capital of tlie Frood Mine, Lot 6, Concession VI., miles east of Sudbury. The new plant
600,000 sterling has been twice in- is more conveniently situated with re-
creased, the present capitalization being spect to railway transportation and the
2,400,000 sterling. The chairman of the future ore supply. Descriptions of both
company is Sir Alfred Mond, M.P., and the old and new works are here included,
the head office is at 39 Victoria Street, these being based upon several published
London, England. The mine and smelter articles and upon data obtained by a
office is at Coniston, Ont. personal visit of the writer to the two
The company owns about 4,500 acres plants. Relative to the plant at Coniston,
of mining lands in fee simple, and con- the description represents its condition
trols about 2,500 acres under lease, a
in September, 1913, since which date
total of 7,000 acres in all, situated in
further equipment has been added, in-
the townships of Blezard, Denison,
eluding another blast furnace, another
Snyder, and Garson, Sudbury district,
Peiree-Smith converter, and two Dwight-
Ontario; additional areas have also been
Lloyd straight line sintering machines
acquired recently. The ores mined are
with the, necessary auxiliary equipment.
deposits of nickeliferous pyrrhotites
containing some chal- The ore supplied for
the old plant was con-
copyrite, and occurring
in norite; they contain veyed to the roast yards
about 2.3 per cent, nickel and thence to the smelt-
and 1.75 per cent, of er over a Bleichert
copper in addition to aerial tram line, 11,000
small amounts of gold, feet in length. Ore from
silver, platinum and pal- the Garson Mine was
ladium. For many years brought about 31
the principal pro- miles in 50-ton bot-
perty was the Vic- tom dump steel rail-
toria Mine, first open- way cars to Victoria
ened about 1890. Two Mines; from here a por-
ore about 160
bodies, tion was sent to the
feet apart, occurred on roast yards over the
this property. They lay tram line and the bal-
with longer hori-
their ance went directly to
zontal axis almost on an the furnaces. Ore sup-
east and west line, and plies for thenew smelter
had a uniform dip of are derived chiefly from
about 75 towards the the Garson and the
east. Development work Frood Mines, a portion
was by diamond drilling, of the ore body of the
followed by shaft sink- latter being on the pro-
ing and the running of perty of this company.
levels. The main shaft The haulage distances to
is a 3 - compartment the new roast yards,
shaft, 800 feet in depth, about a mile and a quar-
4 ft. X 12 ft. inside the ter from the smelter,
UECTA.NGXTLAR WATER-.TACKETED CWPEK BLAST FURNACE. ORIGINAL
timbers; ten levels have TYPE USE I) BY THE .MOND NICKEL CO.. 1900, VICTORIA MINES are 10 and 12 miles re-
been driven from this .SMELTER (A.C. CO.). spectively, chiefly over
shaft to reach ore body. the Canadian Northern
The other important mine which has Township of McKim. Preparations have Railway.
supplied ore for a number of years is been made to mine this ore body on a Power for the Victoria Mine and
the Garson. There are two ore bodies large scale. smelter was furnished by a hydro-elec-
at this mine, about 100 feet apart, and The company also owned and operated tric plant, owned by the company, and
the development and mining have been a smelter at Victoria Mines, Ontario, on located at Wabagishik Falls, on the Ver-
the Soo branch of the Canadian Pacific milion River, in Lome Township, and
"Chief of Metal Mines Division, Ottawa. Railway, about 2 miles from the Vic- about 8 miles from Victoria Mines.
42 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
1
Power for the Garson Mine was pro- ft.X 25 ft. 10 in., together with the ne- electrically-operatcd converter stands,
cured from the lines of the Wahnapitae cessary auxiliary equipment. and 6 each 84 in. x 126 in., and a
shells,
Power Co., whose two power plants are 30-ton, 3-motor, Morgan traveling crane.
Victoria Mines plant.
located on the Wanapitei River not far Power was electric, supplied by the
from Coniston. The new smelter is This plant, although having ceased company's plant at Wabagishik Falls,
operated by Wanapitei power. operation, has, however, served its pur- on the Vermilion River, with a boiler
pose well, having been an important fac- plant held in reserve at the smelter. The
Historical.
In the year 1899 the company began
operations in the Sudbury district by
extensive stripping and other develop-
ment work at the Victoria Mine. This
included the building of roads, the pre-
paration of a roast yard and other pre-
liminary work. In 1900 the smelter was
erected on
supervision of
its present site,
Hiram W. Hixon.
under the
The 1
Bleichert tram line, 11,000 feet in
Trenton
*-.v.--N...... ''^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H
length, was installed by the
Iron Co. of New Jersey to connect the ^^^^^^^^^r VH^^^^^H^BIi^Hv '^ tiJ^^^^vV^^
leet, but owing' to the heavy duties re- on coke that cost $1.10 per ton at the Blast Furnaces.- The two furnaces
quired of the tram, this fall was not suf- ovens. Limestone, which forms about were each 44 in. x 180 in. at the tuyeres,
ficient to operate it, and additional driv- 4 per cent, of the furnace charge, was and were mounted on concrete founda-
ing power was furnished by a 30 h.p. obtained from the Fiborn quarries in tions at an ele\:itii>n of (5 feet above the
motor installed at the lower end. Michigan. For converter linings, the convei'ter door, 'i'hc superstructure was
Flue System and Stacks. The down-
takes of the blast furnaces led to a steel
dust flue with continuous V bottom, and
slides were provided on either side at ? 1
about 4 ft. centres, for the removal of
flue dust. The main stack was of steel
plate, and about 115 feet in height. The
lower part of the stack, about 24 feet in
height, was shaped as a truncated cone,
the upper portion being cylindrical. The
converter flues connected witli the main
stack.
'
F4. li
LLsL^ I i
Buildings. The smelter building was
a steel frame structure, covered with
1
N
corrugated iron sheeting, while tlie elec-
trical sub-station, in which the power
plant was placed, was a wooden
also
trussed building with concrete
brick
floors, 50 ft. X 90 ft.
liosito, being covered
The roof was com-
with corrugated
1 ^^^^^^^^^^^^K^^^*
steel on the outside and lined witli CHARGINO FLOOR. SHOWING TOP OF A FURNACE.
matched pine. The various sliops were
lioused in wooden structures. siliceous ore from
Bruce Mines, Ont., of structural steel above the charging
Coke, Fluxes, Silica. The coke used was used. This ore consists largely of floor; the hood, stack, and downtake
in the furnaces came from Pennsylvania, quartz carrying about 3 per cent, copper leading to the flue lieing of steel plate,
being shipped by water to Algoma Mills, in the form of chalcopyrite. The ore is They were water-jacketed steel furnaces
T.'i miles west of Victoria TMiiies, wlicrc hauled 121 miles over the Canadian with brick tops, and cast-iron sole plate
f:^'-^^sr^^'^h
work was of (irebrick. and the oiitsiile travellinu' crane. Lininu' for the con- stroke 42 in. The flywheel w^as 18 feet
in diameter, and grooved for 18 ropes
each 1.25 in. in diameter. The machine
was driven by a constant speed 315 h.p.
induction motor running at ;i45 r.p.m.,
receiving current at 550 volts. This
blowing engine was fitted with mechani-
cal inlet Corliss valves and poppet dis-
charge, and was regulated by the air
pressure from the receiver through
floating levers to the governor, this con-
trolling the cut-off on the Corliss inlet-
valves.
1*^1 ue Dust. Flue dust was drawn
Ifoiii the Hue through the slide doors
of connnon brick. The furnaces were verters was i)rei)ared by a 7 in. x 10 in.
charged from the side, the (diarue do(rs Blake crusiier. and tw'o G ft. ( hilian
heinj^' operated with a pneumatic lift. mills direct connected to a .30 h.p. direct
The charginsi- Hoor was 14 feet above the curre!it motor.
tapping" Hoor. Tlie furnaces wei'e pi'o-
Blower Plant. Air for the blast fur-
\ided with special water-cooled cast- luu'es was sujiplied by two ("onnersville
iron spouts, eac h jn'ovided with oidy one blowers, each ha\"inji' a cajjacity of
set of water pines, while the spouts were 15,.')40 cuhic feet of air ))er minute al 40
lined with (dii'ome bii(d<, similar brick <iunces pi'essure. runniiii;' at l.'SO r.p.in.
being also used at the tap holes. The \']i\i-\\ of t!icsc was i)elt-connected t.i a
crucible was built within a |date steel JOi) h.]). constant speed motor, takini;
box, and carried 'i)\ the sole ))late. current at ")50 volts, and runniny- at 580
Chrome brick laid in mauiiesite cement I. p.m. The air ))ressure at the furnaces
was used for this; the mai;nesite cement was aliout .'iS ounces. Air from the
beinu' mixed with nmunesium sulphate blowers wa^ delivered to a common re-
watci'. The settlers wci-c circular. ea(di cei\'ei'. and cDiidiictcd to the bustle pi'pes
about 10 feet lietween piles. To build a four days. The pile was carefully vvatch- lliat from the Garson Aline was weighed
new pile a light pole staging' was erect- ed, blow holes being stopped whenever at smelter "before being sent to yards. All
ed over tile roast bed, and rails were they appeared, and the roast continued loasted ore was weighed out of yards.
laid in this staging to accommodate the for about TOO days, by which time about Smelting.
At the smelter, ore, coke,
lorries. A
bed of dry wood, about feet .']
half the sulphur had been burned out, iiiid Ihixes were all stored in bins placed
in depth, carefully and properly piled, the green ore containing about 20 per
cent, of sulphur at the start.
inu', the roast heaps were
was then laid as a base for the pi'opohcd ed^into the loading bins. Three men witii their discharge chutes above the
roast pile. Upon
wood ore was ))iled
this were required at the hoist in the roast level of the charging floor, so that the
to a depth of about 10 feet. A top dress- yards; two men were required on each charge barrows would be run beneath
ing of 8 in.-lO in. of fine uvr wns then lorry: about 15 men in all being em- them. The furnaces were charged by
spread over the top of the pile and ilown ployed in these yards. The aseraue out- hand lorries holding about SOO pounds
the and ends. The rails and strinu-
siiles put of the yai'ds per day was ai)[)roxi- each. The ore charge consisted of two
ers of the staging were afterwards re- mately 475 tons of roasted ore, when the l)arts roasted ore to one part of green
moved, the poles bein>>' left stamliii'.; in. plant was operating at full capacity. All ore; t!ie coke making up about S per
the pile. The wood of the idle was next ore from the \'ictoria Mine was weiuiied cent, of the wh.ole (dmrue. \ ty|)i(al
iu'iiited; the whole beiim aliulit in about into the roa.st yards at the mine, and charge consisted of about 1,200 pounds
verters. Matte from No. 1 con- the power lines of the Wahna-
verter was blown up to about pitae Power Co. This corpora-
(iO per cent, copper-nickel. It tion has two power stations on
was then skimmed and the slag the Wanapitei River not far
sent to the furnace settler while from Coniston.
stillhot and liquid. The matte
Buildings. The main smelter
from converter No. 1 was then building is of steel construction
charged to converter No. 2, and with a concrete substructure,
blown to about 80 per cent, 90 ft. X 360
ft., resting upon
copper-nickel. The slag from solid rock; there is a monitor
this converter also went to the on the roof running the length
furnace settler, and the matte of the building. A
lean-to shed,
run into a pot, from which it 21 ft. X 240 ft., on the north-
was poured on a matte bed to west side, houses the converter
(ool. There were four of these plant; a similar lean-to on the
matte beds, each 4 ft. x 15 ft. south-east, about 30 ft. x 210
It was customary to draw matte ft., covers the slag track and
from the settlers at the same the main flue.
time as converter slag was be- A slag cut on the south-east
ing poured, tluis preventing the side is provided with a standard
overloading of the granulating gauge track. The tapping floor
streams. is 14 feet higher, and the charg-
The final Bessemer matte pro- ing floor 24 ft. 21/2 in. above
duced contained about 38 per this. The furnace platform is
cent, copper and 42 per cent, 24 feet in width and 210 feet
nickel, and about 15 per cent, in length. The matte floor on
iron, the balance being sulphur the north-west side is 10 feet
and other impurities. It was below the level of the furnace
broken up on the beds, put into floor and about 56 feet in width.
barrels, and shipped to the The power house, built on the
Mond Company refining works hill south-east of the smelter,
at Swansea, Wales. is a brick and steel structure
Coniston Plant. with concrete foundation and a
tile roof.
The site for the new jjlant at
Flue System and Stacks.
Coniston was chosen only after The main flue is rectangular in
very careful surveys. The new cross-section, 10 ft. x 15 ft.,
smelter is located on a rocky built of sheet steel. It leads to
hillside overlooking a large a dust chamber 30 ft. x 50 ft.,
_U-!3-. +i -
swampy flat, which gives ample a<i built of stack brick, which con-
storage room for large slag COPPER BLAST FURNACE, 1912. MOND NICKEL nects with the base of the
piles. The general layout of the VERTICAL LONGITUDINAL SECTION (A.C. CO.) stack. The main stack rests on
plant and the railway ap- bed-rock. The lower 25 feet of
proaches are shown on page 42. are placed beyond this and a rock house the stack is square in section and is built
The roast yards are located about stands south-east of the smelter and over of red brick, the upper cvUndrical por-
three-fourths of a mile from the smelter, the lower tracks. A semi-circular track tion, about 16 feet in diameter, being
to the south-east, on the otlier side of leads from beneath the ore bins to the built of Custodis stack brick. The height
tlie ridge at whose foot the smelter is ciiarging floor of the smelter building. It is about 175 feet.
placed. They are connected directly is carried over the slag tracks on steel
with the Canadian Northern and the trestles resting on concrete piers.
Canadian Pacific Railways, and are also
Receiving' Oresi As shown on page 42, Montreal Ammunition Co. has been in-
connected with the smelter by a spur spur lines have been built connecting corporated at Ottawa, Ont., with a capi-
line belonging to the company. A new lioth the Canadian Pacific and the Can- tal of $300,000, to carry on the business
townsite has been selected and laid out, adian Northern Railways with the roast- of manufacturers of ammunition, shells,
north of the Canadian Pacific line and yards, the smelter yards, and the smel- bombs, etc., at Montreal, Que. Incor-
about one mile from the smelter. Conis- ter ore bins. Ore from the mines to tlie i:iorators E. E. Howard, J. DeWitt and
ton will be a model town provided with north comes into the roast vards ovos H. C. McNeil, all of Montreal, Que.
THE the
European
finances
war has affected
Canada in two
of
The estimates for the comino- year laid
before Parliament call for $146,000,000
The probable revenue is
which almost doubled the demands upon ental Railway, constructing theWelland be the necessity, hov/ever. for heavy bor-
the treasury; besides, this came at a and other and improving facili-
canals, rowing for purposes other than that of
time when large obligations had been as- ties for navigation. Then there is the the war.
sumed for public works, and there had war expenditure, for which a vote of a Some $30,000,000 has been reckoned
except for distillation purposes, binder twine, articles for the manu- rows, discs, threshing machines,
wheat, wheat flour, sweetened bis- facture of binder twine, fish hooks, waggons, etc.
cuits, squid, oysters, seed and lines, twines and nets for the fish- The tariff changes, according to
breeding; fish and fish eggs for eries, artificial limbs, artificial custom, went into effect immediate-
propagating purposes; sugar, to- teeth not mounted, articles speci- ly on announcement, February 11-
bacco, wines from South Africa; fied in tariff for schools, hospitals With regard to the special taxe^.,
books (printed), newspapers and and charitable objects, settler's eff- those on wine and champagne go
magazines, news printing paper, ects. The customs duties on the into effect at once, and the others
matrix paper; nicotine sulphate, foregoing remain unchanged. at a date to be fixed.
been going on for years development of hundred million dollars is asked for the necessary to meet the increased interest
administrative activities which meant coming fiscal year, making the whole charges, to bring revenue up to normal
heavy and permanent increase of the amount that may be required during the or ordinary expenditure, as well as to-
regular expenditures. twelve months close to $300,000,000. ensure a balance aeainst eventualities-
.
48 CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
juid, toprovide this, a general tariff in- China ware 2,000,000 150,000 phorus, corresponding practically to a
Electric apparatus 6,500,000 487,500
crease has been imposed o seven and a Electric motors 1,800,000 135,000 cold iron, but costing very much
blast
Express parcels 2,000,000 150,000
half per cent., general and intermediate, Lace, n.o.p 1,200,000 90,000 less. He had used 15 per cent, of steel
and five per cent, preferential, applying Toys, etc 1,000,000 75,000 in a mixture for mild chilled roll. This
Linen damask 1,000,000 75,000
to all whether now dutiable or
articles Fruits, nuts, etc 8,000,000 645,000 was a roll casting in chills, but which
Furniture 3,000,000 225,000
on the free with, however, a list of
list, Glass carboys, etc 1,600,000 120,000
shows no cliill when the skin is broken.
exemptions, including tek, cocoa and Window glass 1,500.000 112,500
The discussion, whilst of a very in-
Gloves and mitts 2,700,000 197,500
chocolate, sugar, wheat and wheat flour, Waterproof clothing 1,600,000 120,000 terestinu nature, did not elicit any de-
Rubber tires 1,400,000 105,000
tobacco, books, newspapers and maga- Rubber manufactures . 1,000,000 75,000 finite remedy for the hard spots de-
zines, agricultural implements. From the Hats, etc
Straw material
2,000.000 150,000
scribed l)y Mr. Roe. It is probable that
2,600,000 195,000
operation of the foregoing, a revenue of Railway cars 5,200,000 390,000 the most ertu-ient method of dealing with
Bitunienous coal and
from $20,000,000 to $25,000,000 is anti- stock 26,000,000 2,050,000 tliis trouble is to reduce the amount of
cipated. Cotton duck 1,000,000 75,000 steel sera]) or increase the silicon con-
Embroidery 1,100,000 82,500
In addition, special war taxes are im- tent of the pig-iron. Another curious
Total $20,837,000
posed on banks, insurance, railway, cable feature w hicli i>laces a tax upon the
Free List.
and telegraph companies, and on patent \'alue War tax metallurgist to explain is that the use
medicines, from which sources a revenue Iron ore 1,900,000 $ 152,000 of higli cai'hon scrap, such as old files,
tons
of some $8,000,000 is expected. Fence posts and ...$ 2,300,000
ties 172,500 has a remarkable tendency to produce
Lumber 12,000,000 915,000
Tn the accompanying table, columns 1 Fur skins 2,200,000 165,000 hard spots, whereas by using mild steel
and 2, are shown the general nature and Hides 8,700,000 752,000 scrap, sucli as boiler plate punchings,
Wool 1,800,000 135,000
monetary value of the business done by Nitrate of soda 1,600,000 120,000 the trouble is verv rare indeed. This
.Tute cloth 2,700,000 202,500
Canada during the last year, while, based Wire rods 1,600,000 120,000 fact is all the more remarkable, since it
on same, in column 3 is given the reve- .Machinery 1,000,000 75,000 is known that the scrap must absorb a
Tin blocks and plates .. 5,400,000 405,000
nue arising out of the new tariff and Wire l,.3O0,O00 97,500 very considerable projjortion of carbon
Petroleum COOOOOO 450,000
tax impositions. From the latter figiires Cottou rags 1,400,000 105,000
from the cupola coke, before its melting
it will be noted that there is a close Cotton 9,700,0(X) 775,.500 ])oint is lowei'ed to within the range of
Bananas 2,600,000 195,000
approximation to the $30,000,000 ex- Oranges, etc 3,300,000 247,500 temjierature axailable in a foundry
jiected to be raised.
Dutiable Goods.
Value War Tax
M.-inilla grass
Rice, uncleaned
Tobacco
Coke
Chicle
1,300,000
1,100.000
5.000,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
97,.'iOO
.'-2,.-00
375,00:)
210.001)
112,5i'K)
ciipolil.
Bar iron, etc $ 3,700,000 $ 277,500 Rubber, crude 3,200.000 240.000 COMPOSITION OF ENGINE CAST-
Castings 1,400.000 105,000 Cotton yarn 1,000.000 75.000
Gas engines 2,500,000 187,500 Coffee 2,000,000 150 ODu INGS.
Pipe fittings 1,000,000 75,000 Total .$ 7,439,n.'io
Grand total TllK stanchtrd ctim[)osition of British
Bridges 1,000,000 75.0011 .$28,276,00,1
engine castings is given by Frank Fes-
Pig iron
Portable engines
2,.5O0,000
2,300,000
1.';7,.".00
STATISTICS of iron ore, pig-iron ore in Canada in 1913, viz., 307,634 tons, ore into the United States from Canada
and production gathered from
steel was, therefore, sufficient to supply prob- during the calendar year 1913 were 201,-
the Department of Mines (Ottawa) ably over 4:2 per cent., but not more 489 short tons valued at $413,314, as
report just issued for 1913, show in- than 5 per cent, of the country's re- compared with 119,476 tons valued -:;
creased shipments of iron ore from Can- (jnirement of iron. $201,882 in 1912, and 56,538 tons valued
adian mines, an increased production of at $106,038 in 1911.
Iron Ore.
pig-iron and steel in Canadian furnaces The imports of iron ore into Canad;i
and steel plants, and an increase in the The total shipments of iron ore from were not separately shown by the Cus-
imports of most classes of iron and steel Canadian mines in 1913 were 307,634 toms Department until April, 1912. The
products; but the general relationship tons, valued at $629,843 at the shipping imports during the twelve months end-
of domestic iron ore supplies to furnace point, as compared with shipments in ing December, 1913, were reported as
requirements exhibits no important 1912 of 215,883 tons, valued at $523,315. 1,942,325 tons valued at $3,877,824, and
change from the conditions that have ob- Of the total shipments in 1913, 91,020 during the nine months ending Decem-
tained for a number of years past. Can- tons were sent to blast furnaces in Can- ber, 1912, 2,047,509 tons valued at $3,-
adian furnaces continue to be operated ada, 196,151 tons to the United States, 932,074. The imports in 1913 included:
almost entirely on imported ores, and 12,927 to Scotland, and 7,536 tons to 1,072,156 tons valued at $3,007,653 from
Canadian iron and steel plants supply Holland. The shipments comprised 92,- the United States, 869,669 tons valued at
probably less than 30 per cent, of the 386 tons of hematite and roasted sider- $869,669 from Newfoundland, and 500
])resent consumption. it>e, 209,886 tons of maanetite (including tons valued at $502 from other countries.
Comment has previously been made some ores witli an admixture of hema- There were used in Canadian furnaces
on the comparatively small proportion tite), and 5,362 tons of titaniferous iron in 1913, 2,110,828 tons of imported iron
of Canada's consumption of iron and ore. Shipments in 1912 included 86,971 ores, as compared with 2,019,165 tons in
steel now supplied from the country's tons of hematite, 127,727 tons of mag- 1912, the imported ores being obtained
domestic resources, and this fact is netite, and 1,185 tons of titaniferous ore. chiefly from Newfoundland and the iron
again emphasized in the statistics of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec ranges on the south shore of Lake Su-
production, imports, and exports for and Ontario were the shipping provinces. perior. The Newfoundland deposits are
1913. It is somewhat difficult to No production has been reported from operated by the two Canadian com-
arrive at a complete estimate of British Columbia for the past seven panies operating coal mines and steel
the total consumption of iron in Canada years. plants at Sydney and Sydney Mines in
because of the large value of iron and Cape Breton, and the total quantity of
Exports and Imports of Iron Ore.
steelgoods imported for which the quan- Newfoundland ores shipped during 1913
tity cannot be stated, nevertheless the According to returns received direct from the Wabana mines was 1,605,920
percentage of consumption available from mine operators, 196,151 tons were short tons, of which 1,048,432 tons were
from Canadian mines can be closely shipped to the United States, 12,927 tons shipped to Sydney and 557,488 tons to
gauged. The imports and exports of to Scotland, and 7,536 tons to Holland, the United States and Europe. In 1912
pon and steel goods (not including iron or a of 216,614 tons shipped to
total the shipments from Wabana, Newfound-
ore) may
be sub-divided into two classes, destinations outside of Canada during land, were 1,331,912 short tons, of which
comprising the materials of which the 1913. The exports from Canada during 956,459 tons were shipped to Sydney and
quantity is stated and materials or goods this period, according to the records pub- 375,453 tons to the United States and
of which the value only is recorded. lished by the Department of Customs, Europe.
were 126,124 tors valued at $426,681, and According to the "United States Re-
Value of Net Total Imports. included 107,624 tons valued at $355,641 port of Commerce and Navigation,"
It probably safe to estimate that
is to the United States, 11,800 tons valued there were exported to Canada during
the value of $72,181,060 of net imports at $45,312 to Great Britain, and 6,700 the twelve months ending June, 1913,
represents not less than 100,000 tons of tons valued at $25,728 to other countries. 1,367,928 tons (2,000 pounds) of iron
iron or steel and probably not more than The exports in 1912 were 118,129 tons ore valued at $3,684,233, and during the
720,000 tons. Assuming these limits and valued at $382,005, including 95,579 tons previous year 931,647 tons (2,000 pounds)
assuming further that the iron or steel valued at $295,213 to the United States, valued at $2,806,238.
represents 50 per cent, of the original 16,800 tons valued at $64,712 to Great
Pig-iron and Steel.
ore charged, we have
net imports of iron Britain, and 5,750 tons valued at $22,080
and steel goods (exclusive of iron ore) to other countries. The exports in 1911 The making of iron and steel in. Can-
equivalent to a tonnage of iron ore be- were 37,686 tons valued at $133,- ada is an industry which lias been built
tween the limits of 3,761,186 tons and 411, all to the United States. That the up largely on the basis of imported ores,
5,004,806 tons. Adding the consumption Customs Department record of exports and the output continues to increase.
of iron ore in Canadian iron and steel to the United States would appear to be The total production of pig-iron in 1913,
furnaces, we have a total equivalent con- understated in 1913 is confirmed by the not including the output of ferro pro-
sumption of iron ore not less than 6,066,- record of imports of iron ore into that ducts 'which is separately tabulated, was
464 tons and probably not exceeding 7,- countrv from Canada, as shown in the 1,128,967 short tons (1,008,006 long
310,088 tons. The production of iron "Monthly Summary of Commerce and tons) valued at approximately $16,540,-
Finance of the United States." Accord- 012, as compared with 1,014,587 short
*CbIef of tee Division of Mineral Resoiirce.s
and Statistios. ing to this autliority the imports of iron tons (905,881 long tons), valued at $14,-
50 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
550,999 in 1912, and 917,535 short tons Exports and Imports of Pig-iron. alloys 8,075 tons. The imports of these
(819,228 long tons), valued at $12,307,- products during the same period were
The total exports of pig-iron, includ-
125 in 1911. An increase of 11.3 per 267,124 tons, and the exports 6,326 tons.
ing ferro-alloys, during 1913 were 6,326
cent, is shown in the production of pig- The deduced consumption of pig-iron
tons valued at $351,646, or an average
iron in 1913 over the production of 1912,
value per ton of $55.59, as compared and ferro-alloys was approximately
as compared with an increase of 10.5 per
with exports of 6,976 tons valued at 1,397,840 tons. Of this amount, 943,130
cent, in 1912 over that of 1911.
$310,702, or an average of $44.54 in 1912. tons were used in steel furnaces in the
Pig-iron Furnaces. The exports during the past five years production of steel, leaving 454,710 tons
have not exceeded 10,000 tons in any one for foundry and other uses.
At the close of the year Canada had
twenty-two completed furnaces grouped year, and have consisted largely, if not Steel.
entirely, of ferro-alloys.
in twelve separate completed plants The production of steel ingots and
owned by nine companies or corpora- Considerable quantities of pig-iron
castings in 1913 was 1,168,993 tons, as
tions. Of the twenty-two completed fur- are annually imported into Canada. Dur-
compared with 957,681 tons in 1912, and
naces, five have been idle throughout the ing the calendar year 1913, the total im-
882,396 tons in 1911. In 1913 the pro-
past two years, namely, the furnace at ports of pig-iron, excluding ferro pro-
duction of open-hearth ingots was re-
Londonderry, N.S., and the three small ducts which are separately stated, were
ported as 824,818 tons; Bessemer ingots,
furnaces in the Province of Quebec, 236,769 tons valued at $3,247,405, and
301,932 tons; direct open-hearth cast-
owned or controlled by the Canada Iron included 213,969 tons valued at $2,888,-
ings, 39,217 tons; and other steels, 3,026
Corporation, and the furnace of the 974, or an average of $13.50 per ton,
tors. The total increase in production
Atikokan Iron Company at Port Arthur. from the United States, and 22,800 tons
ovtr 1912 was 211,312 tons, or about
The aggregate daily capacity of these valued at $358,431, or an average of
22.06 per cent.
five furnaces was approximately 235 $15.72 per ton, from Great Britain. The
total imports in 1912 were 272,565 tons
The total quantity of pig-iron used in
tons. During 1913, however, three new
valued at $3,511,599, or an average of steel furnaces during the year 1913 was
furnaces were brought into operation,
$12.88 per ton; and in 1911, 208,487 tons 913,722 tons, of which 860,360 tons were
with a total daily capacity of about 665
valued at $2,610,989, or an average of produced by firms reporting, and 53,362
tons.
tons purchased. The quantity of ferro-
Of the total output of pig-iron in $12.52 per ton. The 1913 imports in-
alloys used was 29,408 tons purchased.
cluded 926 tons of charcoal pig-iron
1913, 23,696 tons valued at $423,140, or Scrap, etc., was used to the extent of
$17.86 per short ton, were made with
valued at $12,528, or $13.52 per ton, as
compared with imports of 115 tons of 406,403 tons, being 277,509 tons pro-
charcoal as fuel, and 1,105,271 tons,
charcoal pig-iron in 1912 valued at $1,-
duced by the firms reporting, and 128,-
valued at $16,116,872, or $14.58 per ton, 894 tons purchased. Ores used included
with coke. The amount of charcoal pig- 370, or an average of $1] .91 per ton.
1,342 tons of manganese ore and 55,018
iron made in 1912 was 21,701 tons, and
rerro-Products. tons of iron ore, while 197,028 tons of
in 1911, 20,759 tons, while the quantity
limestone or dolomite flux were used,
made with coke in 1912 was 992,886 tons, Ferro-silicon, ferro-phosphorus, and
and 10,687 tons of fluorspar. In Ontario,
and in 1911, 896,776 tons. ferro-manganese were produced in Can-
a little over 413,000,000 cubic feet of na-
ada in electric smelting plants in 1913,
The classification of the coke iron pro- tural gas were used, while in Nova
the latter two products in small quanti-
duction in 1913, according to the pur- Scotia coke-oven gas was used at Syd-
ties only. Ferro-silicon and ferro-man-
pose for wliich it was intended, was as ney, of which a record of quantity was
ganese were made at Welland, Ont., by
follows: Bessemer 265,685 tons; basic not obtained.
the Electro Metals, Ltd., and ferro-phos-
614,845 tons; foundry, including miscel- In 1912, the total quantity of pig-iron
phorus was made at Buckingham, Que.,
laneous, 224,741 tons. The classifica- used in steel furnaces was 735,559 tons,
by the Electric Reduction Co. The Al-
tion of the production in 1912 was: of which 706,895 tons were produced by
goma Steel Corporation did not operate
Bessemer, 256,191 tons; basic, 544,534 firms reporting, and 28,664 tons pur-
their electric furnace at Sault Ste. Marie
tons; foundry, including miscellaneous, chased. The quantity of ferro-alloys
during the year.
192,161 tons. used was 24,237 tons purchased.
The total production in electric fur-
Scrap, etc., was used to the ex-
Provincial Pig-iron Output. nace plants during 1913 was 8,075 short
tent of 336,265 tons, being 223,404 tons
The total production of pig-iron in tons of ferro-alloys valued at $493,018.
produced by the firms reporting, and
1912 and 1913 belongs to the Provinces In 1912 the production was 7,834 short
112,861 tons purchased. Ores used in-
of Nova Scotia and Ontario; the Pro- tons valued at $465,225, and in 1911,
cluded 985 tons of manganese ore, and
vince of Quebec having dropped out dur- 7,507 short tons valued at $376,404.
43,006 tons of iron ore, while 148,045
ing these years, although formerly there The imports of ferro-silicon, ferro- tons of limestone or dolomite flux were
had been a continuous though small out- manganese, etc., during the calendar year used, and 9,709 tons of fluorspar. In
put of charcoal iron which commanded 1913 were 30,355 tons valued at $940,- Ontario, a little over 423 million cubic
a high price. 443, or an average of $30.98. The im- feet of natural gas were used. The fol-
During 1912, Nova Scotia produced ports for the calendar year 1912 were lowing is a list of firms making steel in
424,994 tons of a value of $6,374,910, 19,810 tons valued at $469,884, or an Canada:
and in 1913 its output was 480,068 tons average of $23.72 per ton; and in 1911,
Steel Producing Firms.
of a value of $7,201,020. During 1912, 17,226 tons valued at $429,465, or an
Ontario produced 585,593 tons of a value average of $24.93 per ton. Dominion Iron and Steel Co., Sydney,
of $8,176,089, and in 1913 its output was N.S.
Consumption of Pig-iron.
648,899 tons of a value of $9,338,992. Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Co., New
It should be explained that the .value An estimate of the total consumption Glasgow, N.S.
placed upon the pig-iron production of of pig-iron and ferro-alloys in Canada Canadian Steel Foundries, Ltd., Mont-
Nova Scotia is assumed or estimated, a may be arrived at on the basis of the re- real, Que.
large proportion of it being directly con- cord of production, imports and exports. Beauchemin et Fils, Sorel, Que.
verted into steel, and the remainder only The total production of pig-iron in 1913 The Algoma Steel Corporation, Sault
being sold as pig-iron. was 1,128,967 short tons, and of ferro- Ste. Marie, Ont.
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN 51
The Steel Company of Canada, Ltd., however, that there has apparently been goods valued at $51,936,616, together
Hamilton, Ont. a check to these imports during the last with other iron and steel goods of which
The Dominion Steel Foundry Co., nine months of 1913, there having been the weight is not given, valued at $54,-
Hamilton, Ont. a falling off in the total imports during 053,014, or a total value of imports from
The Wm. Kennedy & Sons, Ltd., Owen the twelve months ending December, the United States of $105,989,630.
Sound, Ont. 1913, as compared with the twelve During the twelve months ending June
The Moffat Irving' Steel Works, Ltd. months ending March of the same year. the corresponding exports to
30, 1912,
(Electric), Toronto, Ont. The imports during the twelve months Canada were 1,175,464 tons valued at
Rolled Products, etc. Conii)I('te statis- ending December, 1913, subject to duty
$36,637,305, together with other iron and
tics of the production of rolled products were valued at $125,082,378, the imports steel goods valued at $46,020,989, or a
and of manufactured steel have not been duty free during the same period being total value during the year of $82,-
received returns from several of the
; valued at $16,189,979, making a total 658,294.
largest producers, however, show a pro- value of $141,272,357. The imports dur-
duction of blooms, billets, slabs, etc., of ing the fiscal year ending March, 1913,
1,134,277 tons, of which 1,098,877 tons subject to duty were valued at $129,131,- WAR SCRAP.
were used Ly the producer for further 275, and the imports duty free during IN an article upon "War Scrap," in a
manufacture, and 35,400 tons sold to the same period were valued at $15,269,- recent issue of the Foundry Trade Jour-
other rolling mills. 674, making a total of $144,400,949. nal, the author says that before very
The production of rails was 554,481 These imports include all classes of iron long there is no doubt that a large quan-
tons; of rods, 57,389 tons; of bars, 266,- and steel goods manufactured as well as tity of cast scrap iron and steel will be
915 tons; and of other rolled products, those of the cruder form. available.
53,835 tons. The production of steel There were imported during the
In dealinu- with war scrap there is as
rails in 1912 was returned as 471,422 twelve months ending December, 1913,
a rule a fair bulk of unbroken shells as
tons, and in 1911 399,760 tons. 1,832,475 tons of iron and steel goods
well as broken stuff of various kinds and,
valued at $55,927,607, or an average
Exports and Imports of Iron and Steel with the unbroken shells considerable
value per ton of $30.52, together with
Goods. care has to be taken, as there is always
other iron and steel goods of which
a risk of having one or more fully
The exports of iron and steel from the quantities are not stated, valued
charged. Needless to say, a charged
Canada consist chiefly of manufactured at ^$85,344,750. During the twelve
shell is a very dangerous thing to get
goods, such as agricultural implements, ,
months ending March, 1913, there were
into a cupola, because in the event of
automobiles, bicycles, machinery, etc. imported 1,875,172 tons of iron and steel
even a 3-in. or 75 mm. shell exploding,
Compared with the value of imports, the goods valued at $53,239,212, or an aver-
in probability the cupola would be
all
total value of the exports is small, age of $28.39 per ton, together with other
amounting to not more than 10 per cent. wrecked and other damage done, while
manufactures of iron and steel of which
of the former. The total value of iron the workmen would probably receive
the quantity is not stated, valued at
ana steel exported during the calendar more or less injury.
$91,161,737.'
year 1913 was $13,999,149, as compared For reason all unbroken shells
this
The imports of have varied
pig-iron
with a value of exports in 1912 of $10,- need special examination, and all those
considerably during the past six years
682,484, and in 1911 of $9,907,281. The holding anything inside them, or which
and the imports in 1913 are not very
exports during 1913 included: pig-iron still are plugged at the charging end,
much larger than those of 1908. The
and ferro-products, etc., to the value of must be laid on one side, either to be
imports of ferro-products and chrome
$351,646 crude iron and steel valued at dealt with by someone who understands
steel have increased during six years bv
;
$483,813 stoves, gas buoys, castings, ma- shells, or to be taken awrty by someone
;
over 90 per cent. The imports of ingots,
chinery, hardware, etc., valued at $1,- connected with the War Office. A com-
blooms, billets and puddled bars have
070,476; steel and manufactures of steel, munication to the latter will bring an
more than doubled in that period. The
$1,051,004; agricultural im.plements,
imports of scrap iron and scrap steel
inspector down pretty quickly where ex-
$7,411,246 automobiles and bicycles,
;
show an increase of about 40 per cent, plosive war material is concerned at
$3,630,964. least, that has been the writer's ex-
in the six years. The imports of plates
The exports during 1912 in similar perience. safest course, however, is
The
and sheets, and of bars, rods, hoops,
grouping were: pig-iron and ferro-pro- to insist than only broken shells be sent
bands, etc., were nearly three times as
ducts, etc., $310,702; scrap iron and by the iron merchant, as this places on
great in 1913 as in 1908. The imports
steel, $145,250; stoves, gas buoys, cast- of structural iron and steel have in-
him the responsibility of dealing with
ings, machinery, hardware, etc., $1,290,- probably dangerous goods.
creased steadily since 1909, but were
762; steel and manufactures of steel, larger in 1908 than in any other year of The Sorting-out Process.
$785,731; agricultural implements, $5,- this period, with the exception of 1913. copper
It is not usual for copper, or
967,545; automobiles and bicycles, $2,- The imports of steel rails, pipe and fit- from the mer-
alloy parts, to be sent out
182,494. tings, nails and spikes, iron forgings, chant's yard, owing to their value, but at
The total value of the imports of iron castings, and manufactures have varied times such metals do come out. In one
and steel goods during the calendar year considerably, but reached a maximu"?! case the writer got over 300 lb. of bronze
1913 was $141,272,357, as compared with in 1913. fittings from a lot of piping coniina- from
a value of $144,400,949 imported during A very large proportion of these im- a chemical works, and it is interestin r
the fiscal year ending March, 1913, and ports is derived from the United States, to note that $2.50 per ton was allowed
a value of $102,568,832 imported during records published in the "Commerce off the price of the scrap iron on ac-
the fiscal year ending March, 1912. The and Navigation of the United States " count of its being" very dirty. In dealing-
total value of the imports during the showing the exports of iron and steel with war scrap, however, mucli of the
fiscal year 1911 was $85,319,541, and goods from that country to Canada. Ac- metal is dirty, and it is quite possible
during the fiscal year 1910, $59,952,197. cording to this authority there were ex- for a fair amount of copper
or brass
The rapid growth in imports of iron ported to Canada from the United States to be missed in the collection and quick
and steel is thus clearly shown in this during the twelve months ending June overhaul given by the merchants, for
statistical record. It will be observed, 30, 1913, 1,095,916 tons of iron and steel which reason the sorting of the metal at
different grades, for while most of the out a quantity of piston rings varying with the molten iron. This will give
iron and steel used is good, there are from 3/16 in. to 5/16 in. in thickness 'by you a tough, close-grained iron that will
variations in both quality and hardness, 6 in. in length, using high grade scrap. machine up quite smooth. When slag-
a small Maxim sliell being of different No. 1 Eglinton pig and Georgia coke, ging your cupola, use about 40 lbs. of
quality from a 14-pounder. Many of the analysis of the latter herewith. The pro- good limestone to each ton of metal
sliells also arc made from scrap metal, portion of scrap to pig is 2 to 1. In al- melted, as this also helps to throw off
which again causes a difference in quality most every instance pin-holes and blow- the impurities from the iron. R. Micks.
and this has to be considered, but gen- holes develop below the skin of the cast-
erally a good sorter can turn out very ing. We would greatly appreciate your
regular piles of graded metal for most^ interest in susgesting the cause and at
INTERESTING CUPOLA INSTALLA-
TION,
purposes. same time a remedv for t'.ie trouble. A. IN the November issue of the Journal
For work which has not to be made to & McK.
of the American Science of Naval En-
any particular specification, old scrap No. 1 Eglinton Pig.
gineers, a description is given of a foun-
from the battlefield forms a fairly cheap Silicon 3.000%
dry cupola of 600 lb. capacity, installed
nnd handy form of metal, and probably Sulphur 015%
at the Puget Sound navy yard. It was
will form a large part of the iron used Combined carbon 440%
constructed to avoid the great waste that
in many near future, as the
plnces in tlie Specific carbon 3.060%^
followed the use of a 6,000 lb. cupola
supply will be extremely large. Probably Phosphorus 793%
when only a few small castings were re-
some kind of flux will be necessary in Manganese 1.800%
quired, and was made largely from scrap
the furnace when melting to secure the Iron (by difference) 90.892%
material. It is only' about 4 ft. hish from
better amalgamation of the different Coke. the base, and the internal diameter in-
irons, but only be
will determinable Moisture 30% side the lining is 14 in. The tuyeres, two
where the scrap is being dealt with. Volatile 2.17% in number, are rectangular in shape and
Other scrap, such as cartridge shells, Ash 6.26% expanding,, with their lower ed<res 10 in.
rings, and plugs from heavy gun shells, Sulphur 76% from the bottom. The opening is 6V2 in.
bullets -with their loaded
nickel eases Carbon 90.48% wide at the broad end and about 5 in. at
with lead, and similar waste, will be col-
Answer. Tlie following arc two an- the narrow end, by 4 in. deep, and the
lected and eventually find their way into alyses which have given good results ratio of cupola area to tuyere area is
the hands of melters and foundrymen, for piston rings: n]i|)roximately three to one. The bottom
and as they are all good metal according plate is a casting incorporating the
No. 1 Analysis.
to their kind, tliey usually are worth spout, while the cvlinder is made of steel
Silicon, 1.50 to 2 per cent.; sulphur,
buyine. Some necessary to see
care is plafe. Tlw l)last is taken from the com-
0.06 to 0.08 per cent.; phosphorus, 0.40
tliat live cartridges not present
are pressed air system of the yard. It in-
to 0.60 per cent.; manganese, 0.45 to 0.00
nmono-st the smaller stuff, and as a rule duces air in a three-stase injector and
per cent.; graphitic carbon, 3.50 per
r-artridsre cases should be melted by dclixcrs cupola about fifteen
it to the
cent.; combined carbon, 0.45 to 0.55 per
themselves after careful sorting and ex- tirties it own volume.
The cupola is
cent.
ninination. Detonations sometimes oc- hinaed at the front to the base so that
No. 2 Analysis.
cur where cartridges have not exploded it mav be turned on its side for renairs
and such things should be viewed with Silicon, 1.50 to 2.0 per cent.; sulphur. and reiininu. It has proved entirely
suspicion, although they are not always 0.08 per cent.; phosphorus, 0.30 to 0.50 satisfa-'-torw
dangerous. per cent. manganese, 0.45 per cent, to
;
In sorting this form of scrap, brass, 0.60 per cent., and gTaphitic carbon low.
.According' to Sheranl Cowper-Coles. if
gunmetal and copper, nickel and lead In the his'h percent-
these analyses,
-lieets of electrolytic and ordinary rolled
will be found, and as each is of good age of silicon is for the lighter eastings
iion be freed from scaleand oxide and
f|uality. the metals can be used ri^ht and low pereentaiie for the heavier one.
jilaced in a very dilute solution of sul-
away, but generally it is desirable that From investigation of your trouble it
))liuric acid and connected to a millivolt
ll'ev sl'ould first be run into inaots to is apparent that there is an excess of
meter, it -ill be found that the current
maintain regularity of content. Of sulphur in some of the materials in your
flows in such a direetion as shows that
course, the bullets will be heated to sep- mixture. Your pier iron is also too high
electrolytic iron is electro-positive to
nrate the lead from the nickel, the mol- in silicon, which causes you to use a
ordinary rolled iron. It will thus be seen
ten lead being at once run into ingots, larse percentage of scrap, and as you
that a coating- of electrolytic iron forms
while the nickel shells, after being well seem to have no analyses of the latter.
an excellent protective coating, and if
roused about to shake out the molten I think it is probably responsible for
afterwards coated with zinc the result is
lead, will have to be melted down in most of your trouble.
still better.
ciucibles. In this sort of work, larae In making the moulds for these east-
crucibles of at least 450 lb. capacity inss, the mouldin? sand should be work-
should be used, and for this purpose tilt- ed as dry as possible. Use a good skim Goggles Eye protectoi's of various
ing furnaces will be found very con- gate and cut a flow-off-riser on the oppo- styles are described in a bulletin issued
venient. Most of the soft scrap metal site side of the mould from the gate, this bv T. A. Wilson & Co., Inc., Reading.
requires the use of some deoxidant flux allows the gas and steam that is gener- Pa.
.
The purpose of thi paper as will be noted is not so much to consider the detailed design
of a traveling crane as to direct attention to those fundamental ynatters relating to design and
operation wliich tend to lessen the possihilifij of (iccidcnts. ari.ung move or less tlu'.rfr(jni
is well for us to realize that in con- service for a long term of years. Even show very little vertical or lateral de-
IT sidering this subject of Safety as if it is deficient in the essentials of satis- flection in service. The end trucks should
Applied to Traveling- Cranes that factory service, it will nevertheless be be connected to the girders with turned
we have to deal with a force which is al- continued in use, as a rule, for a con- bolts in reamed holes. The driving gears
ways on the never napping, but
alert, siderable time, a source of danger, ineffi- and pinions should be properly guarded.
ever ready to take advantage of man's ciency and expense. Of course, a poorly Each girder should be equipped with a
carelessness and inattention. The force arranged installation can be improved to platform with substantial metal hand-
of gravity is no respecter of persons; its a certain extent by eliminating, where railings, extending the entire length of
laws are carried out swiftly and surely, possible, its hazardous features and pro- the bridge, and these platforms should
and the unsupported object returns to viding the safety devices which should be provided with skirting boards to pre-
earth in a manner that is quite sure to have been incorporated with the crane vent objects from being knocked off and
spell disaster, in case it is connected in when it was built. In new equipment falling on the heads of those below. It
any way with a traveling crane. there is no excuse for not writing the is not a difficult matter to apply the
Employees working beneath a crane specifications in such a manner that the above described platforms to cranes
are perfectly justified in assuming that defects of the past will be avoided, and which are already in service without
all necessary provisions have been made apparatus secured, that is safe, service- them.
to ensure their safety, for under proper r\ble and durable. The accompanying illustration shows
conditions, the traveling crane is a safe one of the cranes at the plant of the
Tracks and Runways.
and reliable medium for transferring Jeffrey Mfg. Co., which was equipped in
Ifr is usually safe to assume that the
material from one part of the shop to this manner. The raised platform at the
runways and tracks were desigtied by a centre is for the purpose of trimming or
another with smoothness and despatcii.
competent engineer, and consequently
However, serious accidents are only too adjusting the high lamps, the latter op-
are of safe proportions. However, it is
fi"equently due, to the breakage of de- eration being an exceedingly dangerous
necessary to see that the rails and rail
fective parts, poor and inadequate one if the trimmer is obliged to stand
fastenings are maintained in good condi-
equipment, negligence or carelessness on on a greasy crane bridge without safety
tion. The nuts on the bolts or clips
the part of the crane operators, or those guards of some sort. The danger
holding the track to the runway fre-
who attach the chains or sling to the ob- element is practically eliminated in the
quently work loose, due to vibration.
ject to be moved. The greater bulk ot: case illustrated. Guards should be pro-
may They should be supplied with efficient
these accidents be avoided by tlie vided extending ahead of the truck
lor-k-washers and kept tight at all times.
exercise of a reasonable amount of care wheels, the purpose being to warn a
Effective rail stops should be provided
and foresight and an appreciation of the thoughtless person, who may be resting
to eliminate the chance of derailment
dangerous features by the builder, the his hand or arm on the track or runway,
from over-running.
owner, and the operator. of the approach of the crane, which he
After a crane is once installed, it be- The Bridge. may fail to notice because of other
comes a fixed part of the equipment of The bridge and end trucks should be noises .
+lie factory or building, and rem.ains in designed to have sufficient strength to The Trolley.
))rovide against severe strains from sud- It is not advisable to use cast iron in
*Prora the transactions of the Ohio So<iot.v
of Kngiiieeis. den starting and stopping, and should l!i<' cotistrnction of the trolley, which
The electric motor brake should be lished to admit of any uncertainty, pro- around a thimble to make a loop. A
viding rope of a proper quality and size high grade of commercial zinc should be
capable of holding the full load inde-
is used in connection with drums and tiie metal employed when using a wire
pendently of the load brake, although its
sheaves of a suitable size. Special flex- rope socket. All water and moisture
chief function is to bring the hoisting
ible crane rope should always be used. should be kept from wire cable as much
motor promptly to rest and prevent
It is false economy to use a cheaper con- as possible, as the deterioration due to
driftin:^ when the current is shut off. Its
struction. In choosing the size of cable, corrosion is very rapid. It is hardly ne-
efficient operation is extremely impor-
a factor of safety of not less than eight cessary to state that under no circum-
tant on close work, and in connection
should be used, as sudden stops and stances should crane cables be spliced.
with the safety limit switch.
starts, and careless taking up of slack, Shafting.
Bridge Foot Brake. subject the cable to a very great tensile
All shafting should have the diameter
The bridge foot brake should be strain. Provision for equali^insr the
uniform from end to end. Reductions
powerful and effective, and should be stress among all the ropes should always
in area should be avoided, as change in
kept in working order at all times. In be provided. At least two full turns of
section with sharp re-entrant angles in-
the case of old equipment, the foot brake the cable should be on the drum when
troduces an element of weakness. Even
is often allowed to become more orna- the hook is at the extreme lower limit
when the design calls for a liberal fillet,
mental than useful. of the travel.
poor workmanship may defeat the pur-
Automatic Limit Switch. Great care should be taken to have the poses of same. The cracks which start
Many accidents have come under the grooves and drums of the sheaves per- at the shoulder cannot be detected, as
fectly smooth and of the proper size to
writer's notice due to the fact that the this part of the shaft is usually in con-
fit the cables, beine neither too larae nnr
automatic limit switch was not in work- tact with the box. Set-screw holes should
ing order, or was not set to operate at too small. When the cable is subjected
not be drilled in shafts, as it weakens
to proper working conditions, the
the
the section, and many accidents have re-
the proper limit. This part of the crane
wires comprising the strands will wear from this practice.
should be tested at least daily, and main- sulted
nearly half through before tliev frac-
tained in good working order. In setting Care and Maintenance.
ture. If, on the contrary, the wires
the limit switch, proper allowance must
break square off before wear has taken The electrical traveling crane of to-
be made for the distance the block will
place to any extent, and the' cable has day is a fairly complicated machine, and
drift while the motor is coming to rest
been in service but a short time, the as such it should be kept in first-class
after the current is shut off.
working conditions are improper. The operating condition by a competent me-
Operator's Cage. fault should be corrected, and the de- chanic possessed of at least some elec-
Care should be taken to provide a safe fective cable replaced bv a new one im- trical knowledge. While this matter is a
means of enabling the operator to enter mediately. The breakins: of the wires vital requirement for the safety of all
and leave the cage. It should be pro- in this way is often due to the ropes be- concerned, it is one which receives far
CANADIAN FOU^DKYMAN
too little consideration, especially in the cage. Table 1 gives the necessary in- ally fallen into the benefit of this un-
smaller plants where only one or two formation of this character. foreseen war' tariff, it will undoubtedly
cranes are in service. In the larger TABLE I., WEIGHT OP MATERIAL. aid in the establishment of our market,
plants, competent men
are usually avail- Sliaftiug and we shall produce these special
WeigUt in Weight in
able. The practice of leaving such im- Pounds Diameter Pounds grades of steel in sufficient quantities to
Material. per cubic in per lineal
portant equipment to the care of incom- supply the Canadian market."
foot. inches. fool.
petent or inexperienced men cannot be Cast iron 450 (j iJu
Mr. Butler stated that while the Arm-
Steel 489 8 le9
too strongly condemned. Lead 709 10 2ti4 strong-Whitworth people were not as
Oak 59 12 31,8
Operation. Concrete 155 14 BTU yet producing steel tyres for locomoiives,
The safe operation of the crane de- it was about the only thing they did not
Inspection.
pends more than anything else upon the turn out. They, however, were manu-
Systematic inspection at regular in-
man in the operator's cage. It is a
tervals has long been recognized as in-
facturing the special grade of steel re-
man's job, and a man should be furnish- quired for steel tyres, and he had no
dispensable to the safe operation of
ed. For the safety of the hitch, a certain doubt that before long, as a result of
traveling cranes. For the ordinary fac-
amount of judgment and prompt action the new tariff, these tyres would be
tory crane, a daily inspection of the
is needed, not only when an emergency made in Canada.
chief mechanical and electrical features
arises, but in the routine operation. In "There is no doubt," said Mr. Butler,
is advisable. It is a good rule to have
judging the weight of the load to be lift- "that the new general war tariff will re-
the inspections made by a man who does
ed, and the safety of the hitch, a cer- sult in the production of many steel
not do the actual work of repairing.
tain amount of experiencenecessary; is supplies in Canada which have hitherto
Without question, a great many poten-
consequently an inexperienced man been imported either from Germany,
tial accidents will be prevented by the
should never be placed in charge of a Great Britain or the United States, and
conscientious inspector.
crane until after he has been under the Canadian business and Canadian labor
direction of an experienced operator Chains and Slings. will be the gainer thereby."
long enough to become proficient. For cer- Chains and slings should be kept in @
tain classes of crane work, a high degTee first-class condition. Cable slings are
of skill is required, and one of the best much preferable to chains, as they give ONTARIO WORKMEN'S COMPENSA-
preventives of accidents is to avoid the warning before breaking. Chains that TION ACT.
frequent change of operators. are in constant use should be annealed UNDER Section 101
of the Ontario
An efficient method of signalling, by every six months, the date of annealing Workmen's Compensation Act, manu-
the use of colored electric lamps, or being stamped with stencils upon the facturing groups are authorized to form
other means, to indicate to the operator hook or ring. It should be impressed protective associations in order to re-
where the lift is to be made, is exceed- upon all concerned that when a Manila duce risk of accident, and, consequently,
ingly important. It promotes smooth rope sling becomes old or worn, it cannot their rates of assessment.
working and does away with shouting, be expected to be as strong as when new. A general movement is now under way
pounding on metal and other undesirable The writer has found it a good rule to among manufacturers to take advantage
methods of attracting the crane opera- instruct the crane operator never to of this clause. The first to form a pro-
tor's attention. make a lift when a hitch is improperly tective association were the small elec-
The speed of the different functions made or when the load is in excess of the tricpower companies. The canners fol-
of a traveling crane depends so much safe limit of a chain or sling. lowed, and the quarrymen and meat
packers have now incorporated their
TABLE SAFE LOADS IN TONS FOR ROPES, CHAINS AND CABLES. protective associations.Machinery
iMauila II.
Rope- Chains^ Wh-e Cable _
builders, iron and steel fabricators and
DIam.
Diam. Single Two Pour Link Single Two Pour Cable Single Two Four erectors, flour millers and others are in
Rope, Rope, Part, Part, Stock, Chain, , Part. Part, Diam. Cable, Part, Part.
Ins. Tons., Tons. Tons. 111";. Tons. Tons. Tons. Ins. Tons. Tons. Tons. process of organization.
^h % % y-i y* % Vs ly, y2 1 9 3y2 The idea of the Compansation Act is
% ^ y2 % % 1 1% 3 % 1% 3% 6%
% % % ly* y2 2 sya C % 2y2 4y2 9 to charge just what compensation costs.
% % 1 9
% 3 5 9 % 3% 6 12
The commission pays the cost of inspec-
1 % 1%
o
2V2 % 5 9 15 1 4 s 16
1% 1 3 v% 6 10% 18 ly* 6 12 24 tors in some cases, charging it to the
1% 11/4 2y2 4 1 8 14 24 W-i 10 19 36
1% o 1% group at the end of the year. The move-
4 6 11 10 %% 1% 13 25 48
2 21^ 5 8 ly* 13 23 39 o 16 32 (jO
ment is, we understand, progressing very
satisfactorily.
upon the im-
local conditions that it is HIGH-GRADE STEEL MANUFAC-
possible to give figures that will apply to TURE IN CANADA.
all cases. However, it is believed that M. J. BUTLER, managing director, the Modern Alchemy. Assuming that lead
the figures given below should be con- Armstrons-Whitworth Co. Canada, of is a disintegration product, there is rea-
sidered as maximum and should not be takes exception to the statement made by son to believe that lead from thorium
exceeded. It must be borne in mind that several steel importers that high grades may have higher atomic weight than that
the greater the speed, the greater the of steel are not produced in Canada. from uranium, though the two may be
possibility of accident, and the more dis- "While for a long time fine grades, chemically identical. This seems to be
astrous the results. such as vanadium steel and high tension confirmed by evidence obtained by F.
machine steel, were not produced in Can- Soddy and H. Hyman. Of the 0.35 per
Maximrmi Speeds.
ada," savs Mr. Butler, "they are now cent, contained in the mineral thorite,
Bridge Travel 400 ft. per min.
beina' manufactured at our Longueuil ten-elevenths is derived from thorium
Trolley Traverse .... 200 ft. per min.
works. We hope that the imposition of and only one-eleventh from uranium, and
Hoisting Speed 50 ft. per min.
this new war duty will not advance the samples of this lead gave 208.5 and 208..3,
In order to assist the operator in price, but of course that will depend the international standard of atomic
judging the weights to be lifted, it is de- upon many circumstances which cannot weight being 207.1. In spectroscopic
sirable that a table giving the weights be foreseen in war times. Our firm has comparison, one distinct line of ordinaf\
of the more common materials be posted sf-nrf-ed manufacture of high-grade
the lead became visible in thorite lead only
in a conspicuous place in the operator's steel goods, and while we have accident- after long exposure.
-
- - - President
General Manager
Asst. General Manager
has been declared, and even- though as regards details, to a
large extent anticipated, it has, judging by appearances
PUBLISHERS
and noting observations, aroused considerable excitement
and caused much commotion in the various spheres of our
commercial, domestic and individual relationships and
activities.
The I'rodtK'tion of Iron and Steel in Canada Dnring l!)i:{.. 4!-5I varied enterprise is that due to the European War, and
General 51-5i for the profitable accomplishment of which we have had
War Scrap .... Piston King Trouble .... IntiTcstiuK and will have of necessity to import largely.
Cuixil.i Installation.
Safet.v First as -Applied to Overliead Travelling Cranes.... .->:{-5.5
The purpose of the tariff and tax imposts, particulars
of which are to be found in another section of this issue,
General 5.5
High-grade Steel Manufacture in Canada. .. .Ontario is to provide additional revenue, and this can best be
Workmen's Compensation Act. achieved by our practising "Business as Usual." This,
Editorial 5 mark you, has no kinship with the "Business as Usual"
'Tis Ml) Time to Whine.
propaganda with which the opening weeks of the war was
Plating and Polishing Department
Welding Oalv.iiiized and Tin
lialoed. Rather is it the unaffected war-tariff-and-tax
Plates Bail-Bearing
I'oli.sliing .-uul (iriniling Machines Questions and unconscious pursuit of our affairs that has in recent weeks
Answers Fire (Jilding. .Decarbonization in -Salt
Baths Salt W.itei- (Jilding
. .
Ad.justiiig Men ti) marked our steady uplift to early future normal times
Conditions., again.
We have said that criticism of the Budget provisions
'TIS NO TIME TO WHINE. is in evidence, and some people individually or collective-
HOWEVER unconsciously we may have become par- ly,
A
or both, may be rather heavy sufferers comparatively.
number of the enactments are almost sure
ticipants in this almost all-European War, there to become
no disputing the fact that, as the weeks and
is permanent; as for instance the stamps on commercial
months have sped since early August last, we have been paper, while others again may
be more or less tardy of
in process of realizing that not only were we involved but, erasure from the statutes. In any case, the personal and
as a privilege and of necessity, we had also a duty to individual exemptions as burden bearers are few, and
perform. In these particulars as regards accomplishment taken altogether, who of us would be disposed to bear
we have nothing to be ashamed of and we no doubt are any less share in supporting our Empire in the cause to
determined to surpass rather than merely maintain the which she with her Allies are committed?
present achievement record. It may at once be said that Canada's 1915 Budget is a call to her people's patriot-
we have given quite unstintingly of our manhood, our ism, and that they will respond equally whole-heartedly as
womanhood and oar substance for the cause of Empire, with her sons and daughters there is not a glimmering of
notwithstanding whicli, as a nation within that Empire doubt. Let us continue then to make it "Business as
we are relatively richer in many respects than otherwise. Usual."
PLATING AND POLISHING DEPARTMENT
Practical Articles, Useful Data, Descriptions of Machinery,
Equipment, etc., Used in the Plating and Polishing Industry.
WELDING GALVANIZED AND TIN portant, seriously affect the health of as the thickness reaches Vg in-> other-
PLATES. the welder.Without proper prepara- wise burning of the iron and lack of
are frequently made as to tion, the welds always include as impuri- penetration are sure to result.
I^QUIKIES
the possibility of obtaining satisfac- ties, zinc and slag, and tlie mechanical The welding rod should be of Swedish
tory welds on plates or articles that strength and soundness of the welds are iron, of dimensions appropriate to the
have been galvanized or tinned. In most directly dependent on the amount of thickness to be welded, and the power of
cases the welds obtained are excessively such slag and zinc incorporated into the the blowpipe should be that given for
brittle, and in the case of welding gal- iron whilst molten. the welding of iron and steel plates of
vanized material, the health of the The operation of hot galvanizing pro- identical thickness, that is, the hourly
welder is seriously affected by the fumes duces at the surface of the galvanized consumption of acetylene should be 240
produced under the action of the blow- plate a layer of pure zinc and a series to 320 litres (SVs to 11 cubic feet) for
pipe. It is therefore necessary for tlie of intermediate alloys of iron and zinc, every 1/8 in. thickness to be welded. The
welder to know the difficulties he has rich in zinc near the surface and rich in removal of the zinc in the vicinity of the
to contend with, and the methods to iron where the alloy comes in contact weld also removes the protective cover-
adopt in order to produce .satisfactory with the plate. As already indicated in ing and it is not usual to replace it by
welds on these materials. describing the operation of cold gal- re-galvanizing. The superiority of zinc
vanizing or electro-zincing, the zinc does over other protecting metal coatings is
Galvanizing.
not alloy appreciably witli the surface important in this case as it is possible
Zinc forms a cheap and excellent pro- of the iron. Under the action of the for the exposed iron to be protected by
tective coating for iron and steel. It blowpipe the layer of zinc near the sur- the surrounding zinc. It is advisable,
has the great advantage over tin and however, to clean thoroughly the welded
lead in being attacked in preference to parts and paint them with a protecting
the iron when the two metals in contact
AMKRICAN EL,ECTRO-Pr.ATERS' SO-
CIETY. TORONTO BRANCH. paint having an aluminium base.
with each other are exposed to corrosion. Officers :
For most articles zincing or galvaniz-
President John A. Magill, 591 St.
Tin Plate Production.
ing, as it is wrongly called is most
Clarens Ave., Toronto.
Vice-President William Salmon, 4S Oak Tin plates are sheets of iron coated
cheaply and conveniently applied by dip- Street, Toronto. witli a very thin film of tin. The manu-
Secretary
Ernest Coles, P.O. ISo.x -j,
facture of tin plate consumes the larger
ping the iron or steel articles in a bath Coleman, Ont.
of molten zinc. Previous to dipping the
Treasurer Walter S. Barrows, 628 part of the world's output of tin. The
Dovercourt Road, Toronto.
articles are cleaned by acid and friction, PLACE AND DATES OF MEETING. plates resist the corrosive action of salts
Tlie Occident Hall, corner of Queen
coated with a flux of sal-ammoniac and and Bntburst Streets. Fourth Thursday and acids, and tinned articles are com-
of each month, at 8 p.m.
heated. With certain articles this monly met with in practice. The process
method has disadvantages; for example, consists in annealing, washing, pickling
in large objects, tanks for instance, it is iMce is volatilized, but this is not the case and rolling the plates to get a good sur-
dilTicult to heat the molten zinc evenly, with the layer of alloy in contact with face, they are then coated with tallow
besides the bath would have to contain the iron or steel plate. Part of t'le alloy or palm oil previous to dipping in a
many tons of zinc. In these cases, the is dissolved in the iron, but the greater molten bath of tin. The tin readily
depositing of the zinc electrically, known part forms a well-known earthy slag, alloys with the iron at the surface of
as electio-zincing, has marked advant- and it is difficult to avoid its incorpora- contact, and a thin film of tin adheres to
ages. The zinc is deposited cold, and tion in the weld. The effect of includ- the alloy. Alloys of iron and tin, even
does not alloy appreciably with the sur- ing the zinc-iron alloy is to produce a when only traces of tin are present, are
face of the iron to be protected. very brittle weld, and the effect of in- extremely brittle hot or cold.
The application of oxy-acetylene weld- corporating the slag is to produce a Tin Plate Welding.
ing to finished galvanized articles is the defective weld witli a consequent loss of
In the oxy-acetylene welding of tin
exception rather than the rule. There strength.
plates, the tin is not eliminated as a
are cases where, owing to the distance Zinc Removal Imperative. vapor or as oxide fumes as in the ease
from a galvanizing plant, articles are
It obvious tliat to produce good,
is of zinc. Although tin melts at a low
constructed from galvanized plates and
sound welds on galvanized articles, it is temperature (450 deg. Cent.), its vapor-
oxy-aeetylene is applied during the con-
necessary to remove the zinc from the izing point is in the neighborhood of the
struction. In other cases, the blowpipe
vicinity of the weld. The zinc should melting point of steel (2,790 deg. Fah.),
is frequently applied to correct defects
he entirely removed for a distance of and further, the tin does not separate
of manufacture, for example, welded or
1 in. to 1^2 in. on either side of the from the iron, but is entirely absorbed
riveted tanks which have failed under
centre line of the weld. This prepara- by the iron as soon as the latter reaches
hydraulic test. Lastly, the blowpipe is
tion makes the cost of the weld higher, red heat, so that when the iron becomes
an indispensable tool for the repair of
and many firms neglect this precaution. melted by the blowpipe the iron-tin
galvanized articles.
Where the strength of the joint is of alloy is added to the molten bath. The
Galvanized Plate Welding. small importance, the direct application result is that the weld consists of very
In welding galvanized plates numer- of the blowpipe may be sufficient. In large crystals, which are separated by
ous precautions are necessary. The white such cases the health of the workman numerous fissures or cracks.
jet of the blowpipe in contact with the sliould be considered, and a suitable res- In endeavoring to weld tin plates
plates produces abundant vapours and pirator be provided together with a without preparation, the welder ob-
oxide fumes. These can interfere with plentiful supply of milk as an antidote. serves cracks forming behind the blow-
the course of the work and, more im- The plates should be bevelled as soon pipe durinij- the execution of the weld.
58 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
These cracks are produced by the ex- sMy to .90 or over, according to the sul- Nothing goes to waste that has the ap-
pansion and contraction strains. For phur contents in the fuel and the tem- pearance of coal.
ordinary welds on iron and steel plates, perature of the cupola. Phos. would re-
these are either negligible or
strains main about the same, and mang. would
easily overcome, but in the case of tin drop according to the amount of sulphur
BALL-BEARING POLISHING AND
plates they are sufficient to break up the present, as there is a great affinity 'be-
GRINDING MACHINES
structure of the iron-tin alloy wliich is Iween sulphur and mang.. resulting in THE description and illustrations refer
formed during the course of welding. manganese sulphide, which is carried off to two recent products of the F. E. Wells
It is, therefore, impossible
absolutely with the slag. Softer castings would & Son Co., Greenfield, Mass., heing
to weld tin plates satisfactorily without therefore result. Foundry coke contains known respectively as their No. 10 Ball-
first carefuliy removing the tin from the sulphur from .50 to 1.50, but over 1 per bearing Polishing Machine and their No.
line of welding and its immediate vicin- cent, is unfit for foundry use; Lehigh 11 Ball-bearing Grinder. The polishing
ity in the manner indicated for the weld- coal, .30 to .90, and splint coal, .30 to machines are arranged to be driven from
ing of galvanized plates. The instruc- 2.50 per cent. In using Lehigh coal you the shaft attached to the ceiling of the
tions given for obtaining satisfactory are more likely to get a more uniform room beneath, or if the building is only
welds on galvanized plates hold good for sulplmr content than in many cokes that one storey, then the shaft can be run
tin plates.
Acetylene Lighting and are upon the market and called Penna. in a trench with the shaft bearings up-
Welding Journal. coke. Bessemer foundry and Solvay pro- held by floor stands. The idler pulley
cess cokes give uniform analyses, how- for tightening the belt is located inside
ever. the base and is raised or lowered by
FOUNDRY PRACTICE QUERIES. Question. Do you know an inexpen- means of the handle on the outside of
Question.
We ha\o always found that sive method of softening iron while be- the latter.
Lehigh coal gave us a softer casting than ing melted or during the pouring pro- When starting up, the pulling up of
coke. What would be the reason why? cess. We used to get a soft casting from handle forces the idler pulley against
Answer. Tiie hardness and softness Lehigh coal, but it does not seem so easy the belt, thus taking up all slack, and
of castings are determined from the ele- to get it now. when it is required to stop the machine,
ments contained in the iron being
Answer. An inexpensive method of the controller handle is simply lowered.
used, the metliod and manner of
also getting soft castings is by the use of The ball bearings are specially enclosed
cooling, particularly il the castings be ferro-silicon in the ladle if the iron is and completely protected from dust.
of lig'ht section, and the iron only agri- \ow in silicon, but if the iron be high in The diameter of spindle in bearings is
cultural machinery scrap, which iisaa!l,\' sulphur use ferro-manganese. In the Le- 1.7725 inches, diameter ol arbor 1^/4 in.,
runs aJbout the following' analvsis: Sil- high districts, anthracite coal used to dianu'tcr (if wheel Maiiucs 5 in., height
FIG. 1. B.\LL BE.\UIN<; POI-ISllING MACHINE. FIG. 2. GRINDING MACHINE WITH BALL BB:AUINGS.
mang., .60. This analysis would be suit- quality but, with the increasing demand, 17 X 22 in., net weight 510 pounds.
able for general machinery castings. The the price has gone up and what used to 11, or finding machine, is
The No.
silicon would drop in remelting to about be thrown on to the slate banks is now similar to the No. 10 polisher, except
1.80, while the sulphur would raise pus- mixed with the good coal and shipped. that an overhead drive is arranged.
.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 59
tub^s and partially prevents the deposi- (juantities range from 3 to 10 dwts. of
Questions and Answers tion of metal on such spots. This fluffy metallic silver per gallon for the second
Question
Recently we have experi- material, often merely iron, is held in strike. Pro})ably the average bath will
enced difficulty in nickel plating short more compact form at the bottom of a contain about 6 or 8 dwts. of silver per
steel tubes which we plate on tree shaped solution rich in nickel. If, however, this gallon. The metallic silver is of course
holders, each holder coniaining twelve accumulation of slime is excessive, the converted into chloride before adding to
tubes. We have plated thousands of solution should be filtered, or the clear the solution.
these pieces in the same bath without portion s.yphoned oft' and the lower por-
any evidence of burning', but during the tion of the solution filtered, this being Question. Can platinum be deposited
past few weeks the pieces on the upper usually quite rich in metal. Wash the from solution? If so what is the batli
arms of holders burn while the lower anodes and remove the loose material composed of when used commercially?
pieces are mottled and greyish white
spotted of a denser shade than the in-
from them before replacing in the tank.
Do not depend on hydrometer indications
Answer. Platinum may be deposited
from a solution of its salts in the same
termediate tubes. The bath is one we for guidance in management of the solu-
manner that other metals arc deposited.
have used for the past five years and has tion. The hydrometer merely shows that
The most successful baths are chloride
given excellent results. What is the your solution is a certain number of
solutions. It has been employed com-
cause of the present trouble and how may degrees heavier than water. This is not
raerciallj' to electro-plate copper, brass
we correct it? necessarily metal, as ammonia, acids,
and other metals, but owing to an ex-
Answer. Problems such as you sub- etc.,
tube.
all aid in boosting the little glass
Watch the anodes, see that they
tremely high price, it is substituted by
mit are often very difficult to solve by some less expensive finish. The solu-
correspondence. There are usually sev- are delivering metal, and, if the solu-
tions vary according to the tastes of the
eral conditions which have either a direct tion becomes unusually turbid when no
plater and the effect desired. A plat-
or an indirect bearing on the subject and sodium cliloride is in it, add metal in the
inum plating solution which has been
require consideration, yet are not record- form of nickel sulphate.
used by a very reliable and well known
ed in the submitted description of the
Question. Why is a '''strike" solu-
firm is prepared as follows: Convert
ease. Efforts to prescribe a remedy or 180 dwts. of platinum into chloride, dis-
find the true cause may
prove, therefore,, tion used when silver plating steel? Hov\'
solve this chloride in one quart of dis-
to be more or less unsatisfactory in re- mi?eh silver is used per gallon of
tilled water. In another quart of dis-
Usually conditions such as you first "strike" solution?
sult. tilled water dissolve 8 oz. ammonium
describe are the result of operating a Answer. The silver -'strike" is a phosphate; while in another vessel con-
nickel solution with a poor metallic con- very essential preliminary when silver taining two quarts of distilled water dis-
tent. The solution conductivity has ap- plating steel. Careful platers use two, solve 21/2 pounds of sodium phosphate.
parently remained normal owing to the and often three striking solutions. The Now add the ammonium phosphate solu-
agent; for this reason the unsuspecting first solution contains little or no silver tion to the platinum solution and stir
presence of ammonia or other conducting and acts as an electric cleaner. Gas is
well. A dense precipitate will form.
plater does not realize the true state of liberated at the cathode and all traces When precipitation is complete, continue
affairs until something happens as in of oxides, grease, etc., are removed from stirring for a moment, then add the
your case. An ammeter in the circuit the surface of the work. Steel knives sodium phosphate solution and stir the
would, however, keep the plater inform- which otherwise would prove trouble- wliole rather vigorously. Boil the com-
ed of such changes. Again, the pieces on some if silvered direct on the steel are pleted solution until no odor of ammon-
upper arms of the tree-shaped holders now very successfully treated by using ium is detected. The solution should
have a greater volume of solution to the strike. Where two or more strikes now turn blue litmus paper faintly red.
draw from than those beneath. This are employed, the second strike serves Add water to make up for loss by evap-
point will be at once apparent. Adjac- to cover the surface of t'rie article in a oration, the bath to be one gallon in
ent holders are in closer proximity to very rapid manner. This solution con- volume. Owing to the insolubility of
one another at the bottom of tank and tains only a small amount of silver and platinum anodes, the solution requires
consequently there is a decreased ten- an excess of cyanide of potassium, the frequent replenishing by additions of
dency to bum the tubes. If the solution latter giving great covering power to the
small quantities of prepared solution.
be alkaline, neutral or only faintly acid, solution when operated with proper cur- Some firms prefer to prepare entirely
the upper portion will cause the libera- rent. While the small amount of silver fresh solutions for use, boiling down the
tion of an excess of hydrogen at the in solution makes the deposition of only In
old, then adding this to the new.
seoarated points and the condition knowr* a slight film impossible, each successive
either case, the solution is very expen-
as burnt nickel is tiie result. Now, if strike contains a little more silver and sive, and in view of the fact that there
the bath be acid this burnt condition less cyanide than the previous bath, and are quite practical solutions which may
would usually be found at the lower por- the deposit is thereby gradually brought be substituted for the genuine, the above
tions and very pronounced at each end into shape to be placed in the regTilar formula, which we believe originated
of the cathode rod. If you will increase silver plating solution. The actual time with Roseleur. is not now popular.
the metallic strength of the bath by ad- elapsing between the immersion in first
ditions of single nickel salts, the de- solution and the immersion in reo"ular
posit should be obtained uniform on all bath is only a few seconds or minutes in Question. I have a nickel solution
portions of the holder, and at all points any event. The anode suspending rod is which has become absolutely useless.
in the tank. This increase in the metal- sometimes of iron and the entire rod, an- Work plated for seven or eight hours
lic strength of the solution will also im- ode and all are completely submerged in does not receive a deposit equal to 1%
prove the obtained on lower
deposits tlie plating solution, thus eliminating any hours in normal solution. Color of de-
arms of holder, that the mottled effect
is. possible loss of current or power posit is very dark grey or dirty. The
will be much less noticeable, as the pro- through faulty contacts. The amount of deposit is also rough and coarse ^srained
per content of metal will facilitate the silver used per gallon varies with dif- and impossible to color by buffing. Solu-
settling of the bulky residue whicli by ferent platers according to class of work tion is clear and of good green color,
reason of its presence suspended in solu- treated and disposition of employers to. while current used .is same as usual.
tion, comes in contact with the lower furnish the metal as required, eic. The Stronser current merely intensifies the
:
60 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
trouble, and weaker t'Lirreiit produces no driven off, leaving a firm adherent coat- chiefly in the beauty and durability of
deposit. Where is the trouble? ing of the gold or silver. This is the the coating, which is much heavier than
Answer. Your nickel solution is evi- principle of the process as performed to- that obtained by plating. For these rea-
dently too acid and probably contains day, though to achieve satisfactory re- sons it is still much used for buttons
boracic acid. It is also in a badly de- sults requires great skill. and similar articles. The cost, the heat
pleted condition but not beyond point The first step in the process consists which must be applied and the dangers
of rebuilding. We
have yet to see a in the preparation of the amalgam. The from mercury fumes, are only a few of
nickel solution so exhausted that it gold, pure or alloyed, is rolled into very the disadvantages which have caused it
could not be rebuilt. Contaminated so- thin sheet, preferably .0005 in. in thick- to be superseded by electro-plating
lutions which may prove expensive to ness. Two parts of pure mercury are
methods. Brass World.
save are almost invariably possessed of taken to one part of gold. The mercury
a nearly normal metallic strength. is warmed in a graphite crucible and the
If
you can spare the solution for a week gold is introduced in small pieces, and
DECARBURIZATION IN SALT
proceed as follows. Suspend as a cath- the whole is stirred with an iron rod.
BATHS.
ode, a small brass or copper article, and The heat must be below red-heat or the
mercury will volatilize.
THE use of baths of molten alkaline
have the suspending wire amply large The amalgam
hardening has
salts for iheating steel for
so that all available current may be used. that forms is poured into cold water,
now become general. They allow of the
Electrolyze the solution in this manner and is soft and easily worked with the
rapid heating of small parts of a uni-
for an entire week, without adding any- fingers, to s(|ueeze out excessmercury.
form temperature and easy measure-
thing to it. The electrolyzing treatment The next step is the preparation of
ment of heat tempei'ature. It is also gen-
will effect a freer disintegration of the
the article, as only those that can stand
erally believed that since the steel is not
anode and increased anode efficiency will great heat can be treated, and all joints
in contact witli air during the heating
result without the aid of a conducting must be hard soldered. A rough surface
superficial decarliurization is avoided.
is given either by means of the sand-
salt other than the ammonium intro-
blast or by dipping, and every trace of A. M. P. Portevin, in an interesting
duced by the addition of doul)le nickel
grease and oxide is remoxed by cleaning. note on the subject to the last Iron and
salts as will he advised. Try the solution
The blue dip used in silver plating is Steel Institute session, referred to experi-
after electrolyzing "in order to obtain a
then given, so as to allow the amalgam ments carried out with a steel containing
knowledge of the real value of the treat-
to spread more evenly over the surface 1.40 per cent, of carbon and with soft
ment, then add 25 pounds each of single
of the article. The dip as follows: iion a series of bat)hs of difl'erent
in
and double nickel salts to each 100 gal- is
metals could be coated over by means of surface of the article, which is then Yellow prussiate of potash. 4 oz.
what they called amalgams, or the alloys heated till the whole mass fuses. It is Sodium phosphate 2 oz.
of gold and silver with mercury, and then plunged into water, which removes Potassium carbonate V-/2. oz.
that when the articles thus treated were the paste. Sodium sulphite 1 oz.
mercury was The advantages of the process consist Gold (as fulminate) 2 dwt.
heated sufficientlv, tlie
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
Foundry Facings
in Canada
When you buy from us you get facings that are the result
of the most careful analyzation of every pound of crude
material a facing that is of the highest prevalent quality.
You pay no middleman's profit and no duty.
If you can get facings that are subject to duty and selling
at the same price as "Hamilton" Facings they are lacking
in quality. A quality equal to that of our facings cannot
be produced at a lower price and leave the manufacturer
a profitable margin.
Equipment
The quality of our Foundry Supplies and Equipment is
The Hamilton
Facing Mill Company, Ltd.
Foundry Ladles Flat bottom riveted steel bowls provided with
HAMILTON, CANADA
loreed lips and vent holes.
If what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
:
28 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Wliere the shade of gold is to be ADJUSTING MEN TO CONDITIONS. patent United States, 1,115,281, Octo-
changed, by the addition of silver, a IN a contribution to a recent month's ber 27th, 1914 granted to John E. Car-
solution, is made up, as above, except issue of "System," entitled "Adjust- nahan and Arthur J. Maskrey, Canton,
that 10 dwt. of silver as chloride takes ing Men to Conditions," F. R. Hazard, Ohio. The ordinary sand-sealed anneal-
the place of the gold. Copper is also president the Solvay Process Co., epi- ing box is enclosed in another sand-
added in a similar manner to alter the tomises the human side of shop manage- sealed box, which constitutes the main
shade of color. Ex. ment as follows jioint in the invention. By conducting
Men who fall down on their jobs are the annealing in one box enclosed by an-
other, it is found that the
must fit is an old story. Still, how many of the sheets. This is due to the more
Tilting Crucible of us list the job's requirements and the uniform temperature in the second box
man's abilities before we pass judgment? and to the fact that the sheets are bet-
FURNACE Secondly, jealousies may have taken
all the attractiveness out of the work. A
ter protected from the products of com-
bustion.
GETS RE-ORDERS foreman, for instance, may not have been
big enough to train up somebody for his
FROM THE LARGEST job. The men under him see that he is Trade Gossip
OF FOUNDRIES afraid to risk his own pay envelope and
so the men lose the incentive they de-
Regina, Sask.
At a recent meting of
BECAUSE serve.
tlieBoard of Trade the following offi-
cers were re-elected President, S. C.
Thirdly, an unhealthy spirit may have
:
day adjustments that give the best an- Del.,February 10, 1915. Drawings were
swer we know how to get to the human made, crane constructed, and shipment
equation problem. They do not usually made January 29, 1915. Crane reached
come "just natural" to a manager, I New Bridge February 4th, and was erect-
think. He may use them almost as a ed complete ready for service February
6th, or four days ahead of schedule
matter of second nature, but he knows
that he is using them. time.
DOBSOW
^^^ISr WM DOBSON
^ r^ =, CANASTOTA. N.Y.
Our Analysis
of your materials will
enable you to keep quality
uniform and plug many
profit leaks. We don't expect an order every time we quote, but we
Give us a Our prices are
trial. appreciate your orders and inquiries, and respectfully
reasonable, and we guarantee
prompt and accurate work
")
W^ solicit both.
J.
Toronto
St.
A. Morton, Manager
W..
J. W. PAXSON CO., Phila., Pa.
1021 North Delaware Avenue
If what you want is not advertised in tht^ issue consult the Hvyers Directory at the back.
30 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Air Compressors. Buffing and Polishing J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. .Monarch Eng. ft Mf Co., Balti-
Machinery. Robeson Process Co., Pennington, N.J. more, Md.
A. R. WUliams Machy. Co.. Toronto.
Frederic B. Stevens. Detroit. Nortliem Crane Worka Ltd., Wviv
Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. W. W. Wells, Toronto. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. viiie, Ont.
CleTcland Pneumatic Tool Cp. of
J. W. Paxson Co., PhUadelphia, Pa.
Canada, Toronto. BnfTInK and Polishing Composi- Core Machines, Hammer.
tions. Elk Fire Brick Co., Hamilton. Ont.
Canadian IngersoU-Rand Co., Ltd.. H, 8. Carter ft Co., Toronto. Sheldons, Limited, Qalt, Ont.
Montreal. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi- Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich,
Can. Niagara Device r.o.. Bridgeburg. cago, 111.
Buffs. Demmler Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. ft Bros., Wm., Kewanee, Ul.
Harvey, 111.
Louis, Mo. Chas. J. Menzemer, Niagara Falls, Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
Hamilton
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton. Ont. Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Ont. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Hamilton, Ont. Cupola Blast Gauges.
Woodlaon Co., Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
E. J. Burners, Core Oven. Core-making Machines. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd..
Alloj-s. Webster &
Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Hamilton, Ont.
Hermann Boker &
Co., Montreal. Federal Fdry. Sup. Co.. Cleveland. H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Monarch Eng. & .Mfg. Co.. Bsltimou'. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit.
W. S. Rockwell Co., New York. J. S. McCormick
Co., Pittsburg, Pa. Harvey, 111,
Frederic B. Stevens. Detroit. Federal Fdry. Sup.
Co., Cleveland.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Cupola Blocks.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. J. W. Paxson
Co.. Philadelphia, Pa.
Anodes, Brass, Copper, Nickel,
Cars, Core Oven. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., .Montreal.
Zinc. Elk Fire Brick Co., Hamilton, Ont
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
Chaa. J. Menzemer, Niagara Falls. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Core Oils. Hamilton, Ont.
Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Harvey. Til. Cataract Refining Co,, Buffalo, N,Y. J. W. Paxson Co., PhUadelphia, Pa.
ton, Ont. E. J. Woodison Co.. Toronto. H. S. Carter A Co.. Toronto. Stevens, F, B., Detroit, Mich.
W. W. Wells, Toronto. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Ammeters. J. S. McCormick Co.. Pitthnn. Pa. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
FederalFdry. Sup. Co., Cleveland. Hamilton, Ont.
Cupola Blowers.
Chas. J. Menzemer, Niagara Falls. Munarch Eng. .Mfg. Co.. Baltimore.
Can. Buffalo Forge Co., Montreal.
ft Holland Core Oil Co., Chicagc.
E. J. Woodison Co.. Toronto. Can. Sirocco Co., Ltd,, Windsor. Ont
Brans, Alnmlnum and J, S. McCormick Co.. Pittshunt, Pa.
Castinffs, Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Barrels, rumblinf. Bronze. Federal Fdrv. Sup. Co.. Cleveland.
J. 3, McCormick Co., Pittsburg, P
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
H. 3. Carter & Co., Toronto. A. T. Oordon. Ottawa. Ont. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co.. Baltimoir
Webster & So"ns, Ltd., Montreal. Tallman Brass & Metal Co.. Hamil- Core Ovens. Sheldons, Limited, Gait, Ont
Federal Fdry. Supply Co., Cleveland. ton. Ont. H S. Carter ft Co.. Toronto. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Castingrs. Malleable.
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ham- Can. Malleable Iron Co., Owen So<md.
J. S. McCormick Co.. Pittsburg, Pa. Cupola Linings.
ilton, Ont. Federal Kdrv. Sup. Co,, Cleveland.
H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto.
J. S. McCormick Co.. PitUburg. Pa. Cast Iron. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd,. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker- Frankel Bros., Toronto. Hamilton. Ont.
Elk Fire Brick
Monareh Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Co., Hamilton, Ont.
ville. Ont.
E. Woodison Co., Toronto.
J.
Ca!itln|fH, Aluminum and Brass. Oven Equipment ft Mfg. Co., New Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
Pangborn Corp.. Hagerstown. Md.
Tallman Brass & Metal Co.. Hamil- Haven. Conn. Hamilton. Ont.
ton. Ont. J. S. McCormick
Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
Smart Turner Machine Co., Hamilton, F. W. Quinn, Hamilton. Ont Sheldons. Limited. Oalt, Ont. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia,
Stevens. F. B.. Detroit. Mich. Pa.
Ont. Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Uldk.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Castings, Nickel. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. K. J; Woodison Co., Toronto.
Harvey, 111. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Harvev. Ill,
E. J. Woodison Co.. Toronto. Cupola Twyers.
Boiler Graphite. Cars. Foundry.
Jersey Core Wash.
Can. Hanson & Van Winkle Co.,
Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., H. S. Carter tc Co.. Toronto Toronto,
Citv. N.J. Webstpr & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Webster ft Sons. Ltd., Montreal. M'ebster &
Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Limited, Montreal. J.S. McCormick Co., Pittshurg. Pa. J. S. McCormick Co.. Pittsburg, Pa, J. 8. McCormick Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
Blowers.
Monarch Eng. ft Mfg. Co.. Baltimore. Core Wax. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit, K. S. Carter ft Co.. Toronto. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Can. E.<fifalo Forge Co.. Montreal. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Webster ft Sons. Ltd., .Montreal. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Canadian Ingersoll-Rand "'')., Ltd.. Harvev. 111. Tnlted Compound Co., Buffalo, N.Y. Cutting-off Machines.
Montreal. E. J. Woodison Co.. Toronto. W. D. Beath ft Son, Toronto.
Can. Sirocco Co., Ltd., Windsor. Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Chain Blocks. J. McCormick Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
8. E. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. J.
Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Herbert Morris Chain & Hoist Co.. Cranes, Travelling and Jib. Cyanide of Potassium.
Hamilton Ltd., Toronto.
Hamilton, Ont. Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. Chas. J. Menzemer, Niagara Palla.
John Mlllen ft Son, Ltd., Montreal
J. S. McCormick Co., Pittsburg, Pa. Louis. Mo. Ont
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co.. Baltimore. Chaplets. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal, J. S. McCormick Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Columbian Facing Mills Co., Buffalo Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker- W. W. Wells, Toronto,
W. S. Rockwell Co., New York. N.Y. vllle, Ont.
Dr.-lpg Ovens for Cores.
Sheldons, LimiUd, Gait, Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Smart-Turner Machine Co.. Hamilton,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. J. S, McCormick Co.. Pittsburg. Pa. Ont.
Works. Oven Equipment ft Mfg. Co.. New
Harvey, 111. Wells Pattern ft Machine Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Haven. Conn.
B. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Limited, Toronto. Harvey, III.
Whiting Foundry Equipment
Blast Oaugres Copola. Charcoal.
&
Cranes, Electric and Hand Harvey. 111.
Co..
Webster & Son.s, Ltd., Montreal. Webster Sons, Ltd,, Montreal. Power. D.ynamos.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd.. Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. H. S. Carter
Co.. Toronto.
ft Chas. J. Menzemer. Niagara Falls.
Hamilton, Ont. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. A. R. Williams Maehy. Co.. Toronto. Ont
H. S. Carter &
Co., Toronto. Chemicals. Dominion Bridge Co., Mrwitreal. W. W. Wells, Toronto.
J. McCormick Co.. Pittsburg.
8. Pa. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Sheldons, Lhnlted, Qalt. Ont.
Chas. J. Menzemer. Niagara Falls. Mus^ens, Limited MiwitwJ Dust Collectors.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit.
W. W. Wells, Toronto. Herbert Morris Crane ft Holit Co.. Pangborn Corp., Hagerstown, Md.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Clay Lined Craclbles. Ltd.. Toronto.
Northern Crane Work*, Ltd.. Walker- Elevators, Foundry, Hydraalic,
Harvey, 111. McCiilloch-Dalzell Cmeible Company.
E, J. Woodison Co.. Toronto. riUe. Ont. Pneumatic.
Pittsburg, Pa. Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton, A. R. Williams Machy. Co., Toronto.
Brass Melting Fnrnaces. Core Binders. Ont. Canadian Ingeroll-Rand Co., Ltd.,
H. 8. Carter & Co.. Toronto. H. 8. Carter ft Co.. Toronto. Whiting Foundry Eqnipment Co.. Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Harvev. 111. J. S. McCormick Co., PitUburg, Pa.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd.,
Federal Fdry. Supply Co.. Cleveland. B. Woodison Co., Toronto.
J. Webster ft Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
Hajnilton, Ont. J. 8. McCormick, Pittsburg. Pa. Cranes, H.vdranllc. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co..
J. S. McCormick Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
Monarch Eng. % Mfg. Co., Baltimore.
J. WPaxson Co.. Phllsdelphln. Pa. Webstf' & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
Harvey, 111.
Woodison Co., Toronto.
Robeson Process Co., New Penning- Whiting Foundry Eqnipment Co.,
E. J.
J W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. ton. N.J. Harvey, 111. Emery Stands.
W. 8. Rockwell Co., New York. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton.
Whiting Foundry Kquipment Co., Core Box MachineB. Crnolbles. Fans. Exhaust
Harvey, 111. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal, Diron Crucible Co., Joseph, Jersey
B. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. J S. McCormick, Pittsburg. Pa. Can. Buffalo Forge Co., Montreal.
City, N.J.
W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Can. Fairbanks-Morse Co., Montreal.
Brashes, Foundry and Core. J. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal, Can. Sirocco Co., Ltd., Windsor, Got
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Hamilton Facing MIU Co., Ltd.,
H. 8. Carter & Co., Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Core Cnttlng-off and Coning Hamilton, Ont. J. S. McCormick Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
Machine. Seidel. R. B.. PWIadelphia. Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich.
Federal Fdry. Supply Co., Cleveland. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Manufacturers Brush Co., Cleveland, O. H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
E. .1. Woodison Co., Toronto. Hamilton, Ont.
J. S. McCormick Co., Pittsburg. Pa. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. J. a. McCormick Co.. Plttsburh. Pa.
Osbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Sheldons. Limited, Gait, Ont.
MoCnlloch-Dslzell Crucible Company, E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Hamilton, Ont. Pittsburg, Pa
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Fillers (Metallic).
E. 3. Woodison Co., Toronto. Cupolas.
Core Compounds. H. S. Carter ft Co.. Toronto. H. 3. Carter ft Co., Toronto.
Brushes, all Kinds. H. 8. Carter ft Co., Toronto. A. R. Williams Machy. Co.. Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Columbian Facing Mills Co., Buffalo, Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Federal Krdy. Sup. Co., Cleveland.
Manufacturers' Brush Co., Cleveland,
N.Y. Federal Fdrv. Sup. Co., Cleveland. Stevens, Frederic B.. Detroit
Ohio.
Webster & Soas, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton Facing Ltd. Shelton Metallic Filler Co.. Derhy
Sleeper & Hartley, Worcester, Mass. Mill Co.,
Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton. J. 8. McCormick, Pittsburg, Pa. Hamilton. Ont. Conn.
Fdry. Snp. Cleveland. McCormick Co., Plttsbutf, Pa. E. .7. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Chas. J. Menzemer. Niagara Falls. Federal Co., J. 8.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 31
32 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
steel Bar*, all klnda. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co..
Dom. Irao *
Steel Go.. Bjiaer. K&.
Harvey,
You May Have This Book
III.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Crane Works. Ltd., Walker- B. J. Woodlson Co.. Toronto.
Northern
Tille.Ont.
Herbert Morris Crane Ic Hoist Co.. Tumblers.
Ltd.. Toronto
J. W. PaxsoD Co., PhUaHp'-'-is. Pa.
Standard Sand & Machin.
land.
(Jlevr
H. S. Carter ft Co.. Toronto.
Webster & Sons, Limited, Montreal. Without Spending a Cent
Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mir' Turntables.
Whiting Foundry Eraipme, Co..
H. S. Carter ft Co.. Toronto.
if you are a subscriber to "Canadian
Harvey. 111.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
E. J. Woodlson Co.. Toronto,
J. S. McCoruuck Fiiubiiig. Pa.
Co..
Foundryman," by sending in to us four new
Talc. Northern Crane Works, Walkerville. paid-up subscriptions. If you are not a
J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.
Webeter & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Stevens, F. B., Detroit. .Mich. subscriber send in your own, along with
Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd., Ham- Whiting Fotmdry Equipment Co..
nton, Ont. Harvey. 111. the proper number of paid-up subscriptions
J. 8. McCormlck Co.. Pittsburg. Pa. E. J. Woodlson Co.. Toronto.
E. J. Woodlson Co.. Toronto. and the book is yours.
J. W. Paxaon Co.. PhUadelphIa, Pa. Vent Wax.
Teeming Crucibles and Fannels. H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto.
UcCuUoch-DalzeU
Pittsburg, Pa.
Crucible Company. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal,
J. 8. McCormlck Co PitUbiirg, Pa.
Doited Compotmd Co., Buifalo. N.T.
,
Foundry Work
Track, Overhead. By Wm. C. Stimpson
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Northern Craue Works, Ltd., Walker Vibrators. Head Instructor in Foundry Work and Forg-
Tille. Ont. Berkshire Mfg. Co., CleTdand, O. ing, Dt-partment of Science and Technology,
HartMrt Morris Crane A Hoiat Co.. Canadian Ingersall-Rand Co.. Ltd.. Pratt Institute.
Ltd.. Toronto. Montreal.
J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. i6o pp., 150 illus. Cloth binding. A
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Wail Ciiannels.
Harrey. 111. Dora. Iron * Steel Co.. Sydsex, N.S.
practical guide to modern methods
E. J. Woodlson Co.. Toronto. of molding and casting in iron,
Weldinr and CnttlnK. brass, bronze, steel and other met-
Tripoli.
Metals Welding Co., Cleveland. O. als, from simple and complex pat-
W. W. Wells, Toronto.
Wtieela. rolishlnc. AbraslTe. terns, including many valuable hints
Trolleys and Trolley Systems. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. on shop management and equip-
Con. Fairbanks-Morse Co.. Montreal. Ford-Smiui MadilBa Co., HamlltOB.
Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. OnU ment, useful tables, etc.
Louis, Mo. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ham-
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. ilton, Ont. Price, $1.00
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ham- Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich.
ilton. Ont. ITnited Compound Co., Buffalo, N.Y. Given free with four yearly paid-ap
J. S. McCormick Co.. Pittsburg, Pa. E. J. Woodlson Co., Toronto. subscriptions.
Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker-
Till e, Ont. Wire Wlieels.
J. W. Parson Co.. Philadelphia. Pa. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
The subscription price is fifty cents per
E. J. Woodlson Co.. Toronto.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co..
Frederic
HamUton Facing MUl
B. Stevens, DetroiU year two years for one
; dollar.
Harvey, 111.
Co., Ltd., Ham
ilton. Ont.
W. W. Wells, Toronto.
Tracks, Dryer and Factory.
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
J. 8.
E. J.
McCormlck
Woodlson
Co.. Pittsburg,
Co.. Toronto.
Pa. Canadian Foundryman
Hamilton Facing MUl Co., Ltd., Ham-
ilton. Ont. Wire, Wire Bods and Mails. 143-149 University Avenue, Toronto
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Dom. Iron ft Steel Co., Bydnej. N.8.
PATTERN-MAKING
WILLARD By G. H.
Witli AiUlitional Cliaptcrs on
Two Significant Core-MaUiiiK aiul Moltling
Opinions : KITTKX SO YOl CAN
1 tliiiik the liiiiik is I X1ERSTANI) IT."
tlic best 1 ever saw fur A hi .ok for the man wlui thus the woik.
t li ('
p r i ( I'."' Kdwin Written hy ,i practical pattcnimal^ci- ot
Sliiytcr, it' (I 11 striictiiiii many years' expciicniT. Gct.s liKht
<JTRIN
10 II s i iicei', Biirrouglis down to husincss in the first cliapter
Aililiiif.' Mnrliiiic Cci.. and keeps it up thron^'hont the ixioU. RCG. U S. PAT- CFF
l''nll of kinks and actual working infor-
Iictlciil.
mation. IMofnsely illustrated.
"1
valuahU'
cuMsiiiei- this
k a ii d
is a
The action of glutrin is very much
should be
1
Cliapier Headings
of all men
in tlieliaiids
eiifi;aged in 1. I'atteni-Making a,s a Trade. II. Tin
Hke that of oil, because, when a core
this line of Imsiness." Tools. III. Wixids. IV. Jinnts. V.
1-;. VV. ("larke. \Vilinin-- Turning. VI. Turning (Continued). VII. made with glutrin is baking, the binder
t ui Malleiilde linn Co., TuiniuK ((Jontiiiued). VIII, Tunduii
Wiliiiington, lelaw.-irc 1
l('onehull). IX. The Ciicnlar Saw.
X. The Circular Saw (ConHnued). XI. is drawn to the contact points of the
.Machine Tools. XII. .Machine Tools
i\ Pasres. 3I-> Illiisti'ati<>ii> (Ctpiitinuei:!). XIII. Simple
XIV. Simple Pattenis (Continued). XV.
I'attenis. sand, leaving the spaces between the
f'loth t'over.
Simple I'attenis (Concluded). XVI.
Crookitl Patterns. XVII. Large Patten. grains of sand clear and clean, pro-
Work. XVIII. Large I'attera Wo.k
(Continued).
Pattenis.
XIX. Cros.shead (Juidt
XX. Sweep Work. XXI.
ducing, of course, a porous core,
Pipe Work. XXII. Stove Pattnn
Work. XXIII. .Molding Machine Wo.k.
XXIV. Mclding-Patteni Work.
the advantage of which needs no
I*art II. Core- Making and explanation.
^folfling:.
Cltapttr
Complex.
III.
I. (.'ore-.Making.
Principles in Molding.
II.
Patterns and Loam MoMs.
Loam
Simple and
ROBESON PROCESS COMPANY
Kveryone following this trade, or iutend
iiig to leani, it, sliould have a copy of
GRAND MERE, P. Q.
lliis valuable book.
// what you wa.nt is not advertised in this is&ne consult the Buyers' Directory at the hack.
CANADIAN FOUND RYMAN
In Our Lines of
t&i
FOUNDRY EQUIPMENT
AND SUPPLIES
Our stock of lines that have given distinct-
ive service and satisfaction. select oni We
goods with great scrutiny and stand back of
them ^\'ith our personal guarantee as well
as that of the manufacturer.
TRY US.
Correspondence invited.
j.^^^ ~ ""^
k^--
\^P *^^^^^te^^^^i^
"-"
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5^^-S..^T^
=^^
^jlilHIHiln
1
,"
^^j ^Ik
/ ^9k
'^
" '^'^^
'nil
1 i r ^/iiilUiUV' '^'.MutMti
CIRCULATES IN EVERY PROVINCE IN CANADA
ra
Li^l
' "'^nt
Your Co^'*'
w^M for iNiii^
1^
ALBANY SAND
NOW
Do not wait for the usual
M4^U^J^^
CAR SHORTAGE S(#*^ >
wxs\'>^
KAWIN SERVICE
Will Correct Any Foundry Losses, Irrespective
of the Cause
We stand ready to pay our own expenses to your factory, scrutinize
every ()])eration in every department, and then point out wlieie
PRACTICAL economies can be effected without the necessity of new
e([uipment.
If we cannot save you 100 ; over your investment
with us, you do not have to pay us a cent.
COULD YOU WISH FOR ANY FAIRER PROPOSITION?
We operate our laboratories day and nij^ht, insuring- you the quickest
})ossible service.
Write us to come now.
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
PROJECTILES
Now Made of
If what you want is not advertised in this ismie consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
We ship from stock on short notice. ]ii(ia<liing the (J-lenboig in (luality. Users should Insist
OH getting these brands and should also l)e sure to
Write for price list and discounts. use the s.iine l)raiKls of clay to get the best results.
We make patterns in Wood, Aluminum and Bronze. WRITE FOR LITERATURE.
Special Machinery Designed and Built.
E STANDARD tw
J.HiGialitier.S' Co.
JJffSSiMiilNy-
n
u*s
n
A "vu f :i
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
WW/WW/W/WWWW/W//W/WW/^WW^^^
Cnicibles^f Quality
Tilting Furnace
UNIFORM CRUCIBLES
Our Specialty.
Service and Durability
Ensures Economy.
Catalogue on rcQuest
// what you want is not advertised in thi^ issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
FOUNDRY SHOVELS
that will fulfil every requirement. ^^^
In Lundy Shovels are their own J^Y^^5ll
Any style or shape best salesmen. ^^^g^^^sat*"***^
Quality Guaranteed Brass
Why import your anodes when you
can get guaranteed quality, quicker
delivery, and can save duty and elimin-
Bronze ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^r^''"^ Once tried, always
ate the annoyance of clearing at the
customs by buying from usf Copper ^^^^^^^^Bv^ used. "D" and
Split
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
TABOR
Economy .
.^^i^fc*^ - Efficiency
Taylor-Newbold
Inserted Tooth Cold Saws
T-S Type
With a 22 in. Taylor-Newbold Saw on continuous service we have
cut off 35/8 in. diameter, .80 carbon, .90 manganese steel bars at the
rate oi \% in. per minute feed, and the teeth make 1000 cuts before
requiring regrinding.
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUND RYMAN
Melting
Sand
"WABANA'^
MACHINE CAST PIG IRON
Cast in specially shaped moulds to permit of
easy Handling, Piling and Breaking.
ChinC2iSt"SJNDLESS''?'iglronmelts
quicker or with lower fuel consumption than
Sand Cast Iron.
SALES OFFICES :
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
Development of Our Nickel - Copper Smelting Industry
*
By A. W. G. Wilson
The accompanying article is the third of a monthly series^ descriptive of Canadian nickel-
copper smelting plants. The European War has brought this particular industry very much
into the linfielight, on which account information relative thereto is of more than ordinary
interest and moment. Section 3 of this description of the Mond Nickel Co. organization
will deal with the Company's refining plant in Wales. Data and cuts are by courtesy of the
Canadian Department of Mines and represent conditions existent in the fall of 1913.
MOND NICKEL CO.II. Chalmers rectangular water-jacketed steel columns, the jackets being hung
meter, but the lining reduces the free head travelling crane of sufiScient capa-
space to 2 ft. 9 in. It is placed near the city to lift the heaviest single piece of
median riding track, its centre being 11 the turbine unit. The steel pipe-line lead-
ft. 2 in. from the end of the shell op- ing from the dam to the power house
posite the bustle pipe. The pouring spout is 450 feet in length, and 8 feet in dia-
ing the peak load when the mine hoist cess of by-products be considered a ser- Of course, there is a remedy for this
is suddenly thrown into action. ious matter, let us remember that Canada trouble, as the addition of high silicon
The exciter unit consists of one single is growing and developing every day. })igor ferro-silicon in the mixture will
horizontal-shaft turbine, mounted in a Within the next twelve months there bring the metal back to almost its nor-
cast-iron casing, with regulating gate may be a market for double and treble mal state.
made up of guide vanes pivoted on pins the output of some of our factories, for There are, however, some metal dis-
between two heads, and operated by one new industry begets many others. eases whose cause and cure science haS'
means of a split regulating ring on the Hydrochloric acid has been mentioned not yet diagnosed. One of these diseases
front head, connected by links to the gov-' as a by-product hard to dispose of in attacks tin or hard solder having a high
ernor. The generator is direct connected this country, and it may be advisable to percentage of tin in its composition. It
to the shaft, and is a 60-k.w., 120-volt point out here that the Hybinette refin- is a special disease of cold weather and
machine. It is designed to operate on 27 ing process for nickel requires this article proves very destructive at about 54 de-
cubic feet of water per second, at 50 ft. in large quantities. grees below zero, as parties who have
head, when running 875 r.p.m. Does any reasonable person fear that visited the Arctic and Antarctic regions
The switchboard apparatus at this such a profitable business as the produc- can abundantly testify. It is even more
power plant consists of one panel for tion of nickel will collapse if an export destructive at a still lower temperature.
control of the exciter, one panel for duty is placed on the matte or ore? It This disease was the cause of Capt.
control of the generator, and one line is far more probable that Canada will Scott losing part of his gasoline supply
panel provided with 16,500 volt light- see within six months of the date of the in his Antarctic expedition. It seems
ning arrester and accessories. The gen- order the most intensive job of plant to affect tin only, slowlychanging it into
erator voltage is 2,200, and this is step- construction ever performed in this allotropie form as powder.
tin
ped up to 16,500 volts for transmission country. There need be no fear of a Another one of these freak diseases
over the power lines. The transformer monopoly, and by insisting on the refin- broke out in a French military store
equipment at the power 'house consists of ing of our nickel within the Empire we house among the helmets and other ar-
one bank of transformers (three) of 800 shall escape from the pitfalls of contra- ticles, which were made of an alloy of
k.w. capacity eacli. Power is transmitted band law, a harassing event in war times, copper and aluminum. It first showed
over a line of No. 6 copper wire. and such serious and complete finan- up as spots of a light grey color and
The smelter sub-staition was equipped cial disaster as has lately befallen the spread very rapidly. Under the in-
with three 350 k.w. oil-insulated, water- other nations to control the markets of fluence of this disease, the metals com-
cooled transformers, which stepped the Australian zinc industry. posing the alloy are changed in propor-
power down from 15,000 to 600 volts. There is a strong and rapidly gTowing tion to nature, forming a bronze of
The Victoria mine sub-station is equip- feeling prevailing throughout the Em- aluminum. Little holes afterwards ap-
ped with three 200 k.w. transformers, pire that we should no longer permit pear, and in a short time the object
15,000 to 600 volts. other nations to control the markets of affected falls into complete decay.
products derived from the Empire's na- Men of science have devoted much
tural resources, and this is a matter that time and study to these diseases, but so
NICKEL REFINING IN CANADA. the next Imperial Conference should take far have not been successful in either
IN view of the fact that in another cognizance of, formulating some plan discovering the cause or remedy.
section of this issue there appears the that will be fair and satisfactory to all
second and concluding article on the the Dominions and colonies. "Made-in-
Mond Nickel Co. plant at Coniston, Ont., Oanada" is a good cry, but "Empire- NICKEL SILVER.
and also that in next week's issue we made" has a broader and more signifi- SINCE the war began, states the Iron-
will deal with the same concern's refin- cant meaning, releasing us all as it will monger, people interested in the electro-
ing plant in Wales, the following extract from the domination of the Guggen- plate trade have ceased to describe their
from a contribution to the Toronto Globe heims, Hirchs, Sondheimers and other base metal as "German silver," and
will be found not only interesting but foreign exploiters. have substituted for it the term "nickel
to some extent supplementary. The writer himself has unlimited con- silver." The change is not likely
Much, says the author of the article, fidence in the future of Canada, with to cause inconvenience, because many of
has been written of late on the nickel her almost illimitable prospects, and faith the makers, workmen and distributors
question, some of the statements made and co-operation are all we require to in- of electro-plate have long used the latter
being fairly truthful, but a large pro- sure us that prominence in the commer- term. The best quality of this metal
portion betraying either gross ignorance cial world to which we are justly en- for plating purposes at the present time
or a suspicious bias in favor of inter- titled. is an admixture of 65 per cent, copper,
ested parties, yet it is doubtful if there 20 per cent, zinc, and 15 per cent, nickel.
is a conscientious metallurgist to-day In his "History of Old Sheffield Plate,"
DISEASES OF METALS. Frederick Bradbury states that the term
that can advance any sound objection to
By R. Micks.
the refining of nickel in Canada. "German silver" dates from the year
THAT certain metals are subject to dis- 1830, when a Mr. Guitike, of Berlin,
The Lack of Raw Materials. ease under certain conditions may sound brought to Sheffield the first sample of
The lack of some necessary raw ma- strange to the general run of people, but this compound metal which was seen in
terials has been cited as an insuperable men who have spent most of their lives that town.
obstacle, but what these are is a mys- in their study will tell you that it is an
tery. If salt cake or any sodium com- actual fact that metals become tired
pound be one of them, has not Canada and have fatal diseases. A highbrow is a man who understands
unlimited quantities of common salt Take the malleable foundry, for in- everything but the obvious; who can do
within her territory, as well as factories stance, in plants where light work is everything but make a living.
made. There is alwavs an excess of
turning out alkaline products of various
kinds? The installation of a nickel-re- sprues and other hard scrap, and this Tliere a radical difference in busi-
is
fininsr plant would be a powerful stim- is melted over and over until it becomes ness methods now and those of a decade
ulant to other industries that produce tired or dead, and, tlierefore, impossible ago. Business men do not always get
the materials it requires and, if the ex- to run light castinas with it. all the credit due them.
64 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
THE ROMANCE OF COPPER. same mines only produced the almost the United States produces over 600,000
F there one metal in
is the world negligible quantity of 550 tons. In the tons. Mexico is responsible for about
upon which
general attention is interim the smelters of Swansea quite 75,000 tons Japan and Spain and
I
riveted it is next, of coarse, to realized what the discoveries of easily
;
cial operator, and now, when the law of Copper Smelting Abroad. tons. With the exception of Spain and
supply and demand was regulating itself Portugal the copper requirements of
Such a condition of things, however,
on lines of economic stability, and cop- European countries have to be made up
could not long continue. New sources of
per was becoming less of a speculative by importation. If there is an excep-
supply were rapidly being exploited. In
medium and more of a prosaic com- tion, it is Norway, whose mines produce
1830 Chile was sending large consign-
modity of ordinary commerce, there about 12,000 tons. Italy produces 2,500
ments of copper ore to South Wales, and
comes the war to emphasize at once its tons, and Austria about double that
in 1842, in order to achieve a more lib-
special utilities, and at the same time its amount. Germany's output, however, is
eral profit than that allowed by the
unequal geographical distribution. about 25,000 tons, which is probably
monopoly, the Chilians commenced to
one-eighth of the quantity she consumes.
Copper in Early Weapons. smelt for themselves, with the aid of ex-
Austria's annual consumption in normal
Time was when Britain ruled the world pert workers from South Wales. The
times is about 35,000 tons.
of copper as she rules the seas. The same year saw the Kapunda and Burra
weapons and the armour which the Burra mines opened, and in 1844 the Req,uirements Arising From the War.
ancient Greeks and Trojans used in their copper resources of the Lake Superior
What the requirements of these coun-
sanguinary combats were of copper, and area were exploited. In fact, copper was
tries are now it is impossible to say, but
as likely as not British copper at that. systematically searched for the world
they must be enormously greater. No
The Roman warrior or his craftsmen over, and side by side with this extensive
copper means no bronze, no brass, no
contemporaries knew a little more than development of the supply field there
gunmetal, and hence no material for the
Homer's heroes, for his sword was made were new processes for the recovery of
scores of purposes for which it is used
of the alloy bronze, really a mixture of copper from waste ores, with the result
(in war material, whether ashore or
copper and tin, such as later was made that the refuse of earlier workings was
lafloat; and over and above this,, no cop-
into another type of death-dealing in- made to yield a rich harvest, and mines
per means a very serious restriction of
strument and styled gun metal. The which had long been shut down were re-
(the manufacture of electrical appliances
average Roman sword blade consisted of opened.
for field telegraphs and field telephones,
91.4 per cent, of copper, and the re- The Speculative Feature.
appliances for which copper is a prime
mainder tin; while the English 8- Naturally, the exploitation of new necessity. Copper is thus to a great
pounder cannon in vogue before the sources of supply and the failure of old lextent vital to a nation conducting a
wired steel gun came into existence con- have contributed not a little to foster latter-day wiar, and hence the whole
tained 91.66 per cent, of copper and the the speculative spirit in copper trading. civilized world is interested in the ques-
balance tin. When man discovered how The Swansea smelters managed to en- tion of whether or not Germany will be
to work iron, copper had less "military sure high prices in the 'fifties, and the enabled to replenish her supplies. Of
sig-nificanee, " but it was again pressed Secretan Syndicate in 1887-9 aimed at course, the position of the United States
into service as bronze or gun metal when absolute control of the copper supply, is quite intelligible. They are business
the Chinese (or Roger Bacon) or some and actually controlled 85 per cent, of people and they produce somewhere in
other benefactor of the human race the world's output. Such a comer as this the neighborhood of 60 per cent, of the
found out the slaughtering properties of necessitated a huge expenditure, the world's output. They are desirous of
a certain explosive powder. In the mean- Comptoir d'Eseompte loaning the syndi- doing business as usual, and perhaps
time copper had been largely used for cate over six millions sterling. Copper .naturally, do not wish to understand
more peaceful purposes, and so it has went up from 11 cents to 18 in a month. why, because two nations are at war,
been throughout the history of civiliza- Fortunately, there was one source of one should prevent the other receiving
tion. supply which the Syndicate had over- United States copper. In this connection
Copper Smelting in Britain. looked, and as prices rose arbitrarily it is certainly significant that, while Ger-
Copper the metal which has been
is consumers refused to buy and preferred many should receive 140 million pounds
prominently identified with the arts of to wait until the old copper and bronze, of copper from the United States, Hol-
peace and war. Somewhere round the etc. collected from heterogeneous sources, land, which is hardly a manufacturing
year 1500, perhaps earlier, smelting was re-smelted. The quantity of copper country, should have received over 200
works were established at Neath, and a forthcoming from this scrap was such million pounds of American copper in
hundred years or so later the smelting that the Syndicate had to climb down. the same year. The propinquity of Rot-
industry was firmly seated at Swansea. From over 100 per ton, copper had .terdam to the Rhine instantly suggests
There were also smelting works in Staf- dropped to 70, and then it fell to 35 itself,as also does the fact that Italy is
fordshire and Lancashire, but Swansea in a single day the comer collapsed
; ; neighbor to Austria. The copper trade
easily led the way, just as the Cornish and, of course, the Syndicate had to of neutrals with easy access to Germany
mines did among the supply sources. At face financial ruin. Another effort at l^as increased enormously. The ultimate
the commencement of the nineteenth cen- controlling the world's copper that of destination of their abnormal importa-
tury the output of refined copper from the Amalgamated Copper Company, of tions is obvious, and English statesman-
the Cornish mines was close upon 5,000
the United States was also unsuccess- ship will be failing in its duty to civili-
tons, Anglesea ores being responsible ful. zation if it allows the common enemy of
for another 2,000 tons. This 7,000 tons World's Annual Supply humanity to receive ad lib so prime a
constituted 75 per cent, of the world's The world's annual supply of copper necessity to the prosecution of his un-
output, yet a hundred years later the is now over one million tons, of which just war.
Syren and Shipping.
INCREASING THE OUTPUT OF increase in the quantity of work which nails per day, the same person
YOUR FOUNDRY.* in consequence of the division of labor blowing the bellows, stirring and
By G. K. Hooper.** the same number of people are capable minding the fire, neating the iron
of performing, is owing to three differ- and forging every part of the nail,
LIKE every other manufacturing
tablishment, a foundry a device is
es
ent circumstances: being also obliged to change his
tools in forging the head.
for making money out of labor;
The increase of dexterity
First
therefore, in designing such a plant, in every particular workman. We might conjecture from the fore-
every means should be embodied to en-
Second To the saving of time going that there were scientific manage-
able the laborers, whether skilled or un- which is commonly lost in passing ment and efficiency experts, even as
skilled, to do the utmost useful work from one species of work to an- early as 1750, and that achievement in
which they are reasonably able to per- other. the efficiency profession has fallen off
'
of the apparatus and operations shall figure refers to the average. It may be ;ni(l (lowclled. The llauges were made to
be developed. Care should be executed that we shall find in the permanent fit the diameter of the prints, this being
to prevent the manufacture of anything mold a method which will considerably iK'tterthan recessing them into the
that might be an obstacle to the devel- increase the relative productivity of the print when
the pipes were subject to con-
opment of any particular function, that labor. Time studies on repetition work stant alteration. The prints were 6 in.
is, the building should be of such type to which the permanent mold would be long,and in those sizes of j)ipes wliich
of construction that changes in its form, applicable, show that there is many were most in use, several lengths were
openings, etc., may readily be made. times as much labor consumed in mak- made, 9 ft., 6 ft., 3 ft., 2 ft., 12 in. and
The march of improvement is so rapid ing the present mold by present methods () in. Thus it was possible to avoid ex-
in this country that it is impossible to as is used in pouring and shaking-out, tra long boxes for short pipes and also
predict how often the manner of turn- while the material handled in the mak- to make a great many pipes of the same
ing out products will be changed. The ing of molds is frequently ten-fold or diameter, but varying in length, on the
building, therefore, must be adaptable. more the weight of the castings produc- same day.
ed. Also, there are several pieces of Above 9 in. diameter the pipe pat-
Two Storey Foundry.
equipment to be handled to one casting terns were lagged up on bearers or cir-
I prefer brick and steel
personally
or gate of castings. If the permanent cular blocks, these blocks in most cases
construction to any other and have had
mold could be developed these ratios being gussetted on one side in prefer-
no reason to alter this opinion after
would be cut down and less material as ence to crossing the grain at rigjit angles
considerable experience in building this
well as fewer parts would be handled. as believed to be the usual practice. By
type of manufacturing plant. Where
Of the 50 per cent, increase in produc- this method, the diameter of the pattern
much machinery is used, especially con-
tivity of the man, at present available, remained more correct and for a longer
veying machinery, it often develops that
however, you can all secure a part.
period than by crossing the grain. Care
instead of using sub-grade construction,
Some sub-division of labor and some should be taken to have the gussets at
an advantage, both in first cost and
mechanical apparatus is applicable to least as thick as the timber used for the
operation, is gained by making the
part or a whole of the operations in the
building of more than one storey. This bearers. These patterns served their
jobbing shop and in the shop which
has led to the so-called two-storey foun- purpose for a number of years, but as
handles a considerable range of stand-
dry, which is in successful use where tlie number of pipes required increased,
ard work.
the quantity of production is great and it was decided to lay down a range of
A mechanical engineer and manufac- iron models from 4 in. to 9 in. diameter
the use of machinerj' extensive. Co-exis-
turer of world-wide reputation has said
tent with the foregoing considerations inclusive, with suitable boxes, and these
that "the achievement of a result re-
are those of proper lighting, ventilation, proved a decided advantage.
gardless of cost, is not engineering."
heating, etc., that the human machine The iron models were made in 9-ft.
Having this in mind, it is essential to
may operate in freedom from mental or lengths with due allowance for contrac-
carefully study all conditions. In arriv-
bodily discomfort, thus securing the ut- tion and machining. They were turned
ing at a practical conclusion as to the
most which it is reasonable to expect up to correct diameters all over, flanges
installation ofmachinery and the sub-
from human endurance. The construc- included. The flanges were recessed in-
division of labor, the cost of installation
tion itself calls for careful study that to the pipe at each end Yi in. below the
and operation and the possible increase
wear and tear from usage and the ele- diameter of the print, this ensuring that
of product must be considered as well
ments shall be properly attained with- they sat perfectly true on the pipe witli-
as the increase of productiveness of
out too great a first cost. out being fastened. The prints were re-
labor.
Among elements to which the and 12 in. long, the long-
spectively 9
the We
have been called upon to examine
structure most subject to attack is
is estcoming well out of the end of the
cases where unintelligent application of
fire; principally from the inside on ac- box and having li/2-in. diameter hole
mechanical devices materially diminish-
count of the nature of the occupation drilled through, this hole enabling the
ed the productiveness of the labor in
and somewhat from the outside, by moulder bar and give the pipe
to insert a
addition to entailing heavy expense in
reason of the proximity of other struc- a slight turn before removing the top
installation and operation. On the
tures. There are available the sprink- part, thus breaking any adhesion that
other hand, the highest productivity^ and
ler, the metal window sash, wire glass might exist between the pattern and the
hence, greatest economy in production
and the tile roof to minimize this source sand and giving a perfectly clean and
have been obtained where the apparatus
of loss. They are big dividend payers satisfactory mould.
and sub-division of labor have been
to the foundryman. most intelligently employed. Where square or rectangular flanges
had to be used they were provided with
Permanent Molds.
a centre dowel and suitable hole in the
A considerable economy is to be at- recess of the pipe to ensure that each
tained in operation in the present state PIPE PATTERNS AND CASTINGS.
flange would be square with the other,
of the foundry business by the use of By A. Midgley. also all flanges were provided with a
the well-recognized principles of sub-
THE accompanying article formed the fillet, as the absence of these would
division and application of machinery subject of a lecture recently before the sometimes cause the flange to di-aw away
and power. Frona a 50 per cent, pro- Halifax Branch of the British Foundry- from the body of the pipe. Fillets
ductivity in the case of labor not sub- should never be made so big as to in-
men's Association. Patterns and cast-
divided and little or no machinery, to terfere with bolt heads.
ings were discussed relative to straight
75 per cent, to be attained where these
pipes, standard .tees, elbows and spe- Standard Tees and Elbows.
principles are most fully applied, repre- cials.
These were used in great variety. They
sents a saving of 50 per cent. Straight Pipes. were all wood models with half core-
A productivity of 75 per cent, is, in
For a few years there was in use at boxes, and it had been found that very
my about the limit that can be
belief,
tlie foundry at which the author was seldom was more than hnlf needed, es-
reached in the foundry art with such employed a range of wood models vary- pecially when the elbow or tee was set
operations as are necessary at this time. ing from 4 in. in diameter to 24 in. dia- equal either way. These were made in
There may be, of course, individual in- meter. The patterns up to 9 in. diameter the usual way, and scarcely required de-
stances which will exceed this, but the were made in two solid halves jointed scribing.
68 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Specials. quired thickness of loam on to make it Thursday, Sept. 30.
Great numbers of these were made, the size required for the pattern. Two 10 a.m. Simultaneous sessions on
spring bends, S-sliaped bends., Y-shaped strickles were prepared, one for the core steel and malleable iron.
bends and almost every shape of pipe and one for striking on the thickness of 2 p.m. Simultaneous sessions on
known to the trade. A series of large loam for the metal. steel and malleable iron.
piipes including taper pipes and elbows Assuming that the and pattern
core 7 p.m. Annual banquet.
tapering from 39 some with
in. to 36 in., were ready the moulder bedded the tem- Friday, Oct. 1.
flanges at both ends and some with one
ilange and bell-shaped at the other end
plate into the floor in the ordinary way,
rammed up to the joint of the flanges,
10 a.m. Final business session.
had just been finished at the author's and there made a joint half-way (round It will be noted that this tentative
foundry. the flanges only). Two
stakes or files
program provides for two sessions for
the discussion of cast steel and two
In handling these pipes, the same me- were then driven into the sand against
meetings be devoted to malleable
will
thod was followed as adopted with tem- the outside face of the flanges, these be-
ing allowed to project against the joint
iron. At the meeting in Chicago,
last
plate pipes. Formerly when a template
insufficient time was allotted for the
pipe order was received from the draw- in order to ensure the top half of the
discussion of the many valuable papers
ing office, although all the information flange following the same angle as the
presented, and to enable those who are
possible was given, there was much left bottom half.
interested in these topics to discuss the
in doubt. A template pipe was a pipe The template was then drawn out of
papers at length, two sessions will be
which had to fit between two existing the sand and two half-flanges were
devoted to steel and malleable work.
pipes, and if the angles of the flanges dropped into the impressions left by the
The change in the session at which of-
were not correct, when being put into its template. The loam pattern was placed
ficers are elected was effected for the
final position on the job a great amount between the two flans'es, the top halves
purpose of giving the new officers an
of work was caused. of the latter being placed on the top of
opportunity to meet prior to the close
On receiving the template, the prac- the pattern and rammed up in the or-
of the convention for the purpose of out-
tice formerly was to try and place it in dinary way. When the pattern was lib-
lining the ensuing year's work.
a position of a level board approximat- erated by the moulder, the extra thick-
The committee on papers is actively
ing to the position it would finally oc- ness allowed for metal was taken off,
at work and members desiring special
cupy. When put into its place on the leaving the core, which was now dressed
topics discussed should send suggestions
job for which it was intended that was off ready to go back into the mould.
either to the secretary, A. 0. Backert,
not always easy, as sometimes very dif- This method was found to be more sure
Cleveland, Ohio, or to Harry B. Swan,
ficult angles had to be obtained. Al- and much easier than any other they
chairman of the papers committee, Ca-
though generally successful in this part, had tried.
dillac Motor Car Co., Detroit. The
it was still necessary to transfer those various committees appointed at the last
angles and measurements to the loam annual meeting are also at work, and
patterns, a proceeding which was found AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S ASSO-
manj'^ interesting and valuable reports
awkward. loam pat- A CIATION CONVENTION.
to be decidedly will be presented.
tern was not the best material on which THE annual meeting of the American
to fasten flanges that needed to be ac- Foundrymen's Association will be held
curate, and although a great amount of at Atlantic City dnrins: the week of Dominion Steel Output. The output
thought and ingenuity was devoted to Sept. 27, with headquarters at the Marl- of the Dominion Steel Corporation has
the matter only indifferent success was borough-Blenheim hotel, business and been going largely to Great Britain re-
attained, for however accurately the technical being conducted on
sessions cently, and there the company has mean-
flanges might be placed on the loam pat- Young's steel pier, almost directly oppo- time a satisfactory outlet for its product
danger of site the Marlborough-Blenheim. The if shipping facilities can be assured. A
tern there was always tlie
exhibit of foundry equipment and sup- fair improvement in pig iron, wire rods,
these being disturbed before they were
The plies under the auspices of the Foundry bars, and wire products is shown in the
finally rammed up in the mould.
present method of dealing with template and Machine Exhibition Co.. will be output for March. The production in
held on the steel pier, and will open on tons, is reported as follows:
pipes was:
Saturday, Sept. 25. A tentative program 1915. 1914.
Improved Method Adopted. Pig iron 23,669 22.619
of the convention has been adopted as
The total length of the template was follows: Steel Ingots 25,807 28,352
measured amount of con-
to decide the Monday, Sept. 27. Rails 6,102 18,.359
traction required, and any special fea- Wire rods 4,543 2,981
Registration at headquarters. Young's
tures were noted. Next half-circular Bars 316
steel pier.
pieces were prepared to fix on each Wire and wire products 3,359 2,246
Tuesday, Sept. 28.
flange, these pieces being made thick en- Shipments 20,086 16.813
ough to provide for contraction and a 10 a.m.
Opening session, joint The coal output was 364,542 tons in
definite amount of machining in the total meeting between the American Foundry- compared with 391,887 tons last
1915,
lens'th of the pipe. To these were affixed men 's Association and the American In- year.
half-circular prints made to the size of stitute of Metals.
the box of the pipe. In fixinar tliese to 2 p.m. Operating session.
the template, care had to be taken to see Immunity from fires deiiends upon
Wednesday, Sept. 29.
that they were parallel on the joint, as either prevention or extinguishing. Pre-
by so doing a perfectly true joint was 10 a.m. .loint General session between vention is the real remedy; extinguish-
ensured. the American Foundrymen's As'=ocia- ing, the emergency resort. Fire preven-
make tion and the American Institute of tion is as available for the small plant
The next procedure was to a
Metals. as for the large one; it is only in ex-
core-plate to follow the contour of the
pipe, from Avhieh plates were cast and 2 p.m. Gray iron session. tinguishing that the small plant is han-
from which the coremaker struck up the 8 p.m.Business session,
annual ad- dicapped, prevention consists of equal
loam core, afterwards strikins: the re- dress by president, election of officer?. jiarts cleanliness and care, well mixed.
Case and Surface Hardening by the Oxy- Acetylene Process
'
By C. Royer
The oxy-acetylene process of rapid heating of raachine parts for various purposes is being
very generally adopted, not only on account of its wide range of usefulness, but becaiise of
the simplicity and portability of the apparatus required and the decreasing cost of the gases
used. The two neiver applications herein described represent an important development.
WHILEcome
has
the oxy-acetylene flame
to be an almost in-
to a
easily
high carbon steel which hardens
upon being quenched. This re-
that the inside tip of the flame be kept
at a distance of at least one inch from
dispensable adjunct of the re- sult is obtained by heating the steel and the surface being treated. Being so
pair shop, where it lends itself equally keeping it, for a certain time, in con- regulated, the flame contains an excess
well to welding- broken parts, build- tact with red hot charcoal or other car- of free carbon which is very easily ab-
ing up worn parts, cutting metals, burizing substance. The metal absorbs sorbed by the metal which is being kept
melting lead
out of pipe joints, , more or less carbon, which absorption hot by the flame. Again, by keeping the
taking apart of shrink fits and many is much more rapid if the steel already inside tip of the flame too near the part
other uses, its application to manu- has some carbon in its composition. to be heated, a very hard and thin layer
facturing has been somewhat slow- Some elements such as nickel and man- of high carbon steel is obtained which
er though none the less certain and far- ganese also facilitate the absorption of is liable to flake away.
reaching. The oxy-acetylene blow pipe carbon while, on the contrary, certain
Blow Pipe Results.
furnishes a highly concentrated and impurities such as slag retard the pene-
very intense source of heat which per- tration of the hardening substance. For The following results have been ob-
mits local heating in such good conduct- this reason, where good or deep harden- tained by experiment but, in all cases,
ors of heat as copper and aluminum, ing is desired, only the best and purest care was taken to keep the piece, while
these metals now being successfully qualities of steel should be used. About being treated, at a cherry-red heat. By
welded by this process. one-half of one per cent, of nickel also the white, inside cone of the flame being
gives excellent results. kept for two minutes at a distance of
Local Hardening.
The rapidity of the process and the five-eighths of an inch from the surface
The hardening of tool steel, par-
local depth of penetration depend upon the of a piece of open hearth steel, a harden-
ticularly the high speed varieties, and temperature, and the quality of the case ed layer was obtained 0.0197 inch thick
the case hardening of mild steels opens hardening is shown by the depth of the and the surface of the metal gave, upon
up a comparatively new sphere for the hardened surface. Also, as the percent- analysis, 2 per cent, of carbon. This is
employment of the oxy-acetylene blow- age of carbon varies from the outside to approximately the same condition as is
pipe which, as the methods become bet- inside of the surface layer, it is also obtained by the use of a chemical
ter known, bids fair to become very necessary to take into account the maxi- powder.
important. The most aggressive experi- n>um and medium percentages through- By maintaining the inside flame of
menters in this line are perhaps the out. Case hardening well done should the blow-pipe with an excess of acety-
French Association of Autogenous affect a sufficient thickness of the metal lene, at a distance of IV4 inches from
Welding whose tests have proved con- treated, and the amount of carbon the surface of the same metal for a
clusively that the blow-pipe can be used sliould decrease gradually from the out- period of 10 minutes, the depth affect-
with advantage for case hardening. side to the inside and should not con- ed was found to be 0.1181 inch and the
It is unlikely that this process will sist of a film of hard metal without a maximum percentage of carbon, that in
replace, to any extent, that, at present gradual transition to the condition of the outside surface, was not more than
in use but case hardening will now be the original metal. 0.85. From this it is evident that, to
available to many classes of work here- obtain a deep and evenly gi-aduated
The Surface Feature.
tofore decidedly out of its range of ap- treatment, care should be taken to hold
plication.. Large pieces requiring but a "When the process is carried out in a the flame far enough from the surface
small hardened area can be successfully closed vessel by means of animal char- being treated. Otherwise the surface is
treated by heating scarcely more than coal, carbonate of baryum, cyanide or liable to be transformed into a kind of
the surface to be hardened and the con- other organic matter, a very hard and white cast iron, which is very hard and
sequent expense, warping, and other dif- resisting surface is obtained which will brittle, and is liable to flake off in the
ficulties incurred by heating the large not split or shell off because by this hardening process. It is, therefore, evi-
mass in a coke fire or furnace is obvi- method, the decrease of liardness from dent that any desired degree of hardness
ated. Also, parts already assembled in the surface inward is very gradual and or toughness can be obtained in case-
machines whose removal would entail regular. On the other hand, a surface hardening by the oxy-acetylene process
taking down a large part of the mech- produced by rubbing on the red hot by varying the distance at which the
anism, can be hardened in place without metal, a powder, generally containing flame is kept from the work and the
danger to other parts, the process being ferro cyanide of potassium, gives a very time during which the surface is ex-
so rapid that the heating is purely local hard thin skin which is liable to flake posed to the carbonizing flame.
and has little time to be transmitted to away during hardening or in service.
Tool Steel Surface Hardening.
other parts of the work. The use of the blow-pipe permits the
obtaining of either of the above results The use of the blow pipe for case-
Orthodox Case Hardening. hardening mild steel should not be con-
at the will of the operator by means of
Case hardening, as is ordinarily prac- suitable handling of the instrument. By fused with its application to the surface
tised, of carburizing the out-
consists using a well-regulated flame to heat the or local hardening of high carbon and
side shell of a mill steel casting or forg- steel and afterwards giving a slight ex- high-speed steel. In the former case the
ing, thus transforming the outside skin cess of acetylene, one can obtain quick, heat of blow pipe is used to maintain
deep case hardening but it is essential the metal treated at a high temperature,
Manager, L'Air Liquide Society, Montreal.
70 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
while, at the same time, the purposely- ence has shown that no matter how thin pounds of metal are wasted annually
produced excess of carbon in the flame or how hard the surface layer produced, from castings 'being over-weight.
changes the chemical composition of the it shows no tendency to flake off from
We liear many reports about big dis-
steel. In the latter application only the the body of the piece. counts and scrap in machine moulding,
rapid heating power of the flame is The process is carried out with the or- l)ut, when this is traced back, the real
utilized as a convenient method of heat- dinary oxy-acetylene welding outfit fitted cause of this trouble is usually careless-
ing a small portion of the surface of a with different sizes of blow pipes, care ness in making or handling the moulds,
piece of steel, while the rest of the metal being taken not to employ an oxidizing and not by the failure of the machine
is being kept cool by running water or flame. It is claimed that even cast iron
to do its work. The one thing that is
other method. and some kinds of malleable iron can be essential to make machine moulding a
Surface hardening has received a great greatly improved in the degree of sur-
complete success is to secure first-class
deal of attention in England at the face hardness by being subjected to the
operators, see that these men are in-
works of Messrs. Vickers & Maxim, and same treatment. structed in how
temper the sand for
to
has proved to be a cheap and rapid me- The number of uses to which the great the different classes of castings, and al-
thod for the treatment of the wearing heat of the oxy-acetylene flames can be so are shown how to ram and pour the
surfaces of steel parts. It is applicable put has grown more rapidly perhaps different work. Unless these three points
to the hardening of the surface of gear than the similar development of any are drilled into a green man's head, you
teeth, east steel shafts and boxes, tem-
other apparatus. The two particular will have very little success, and a little
plet holes, and, in general, to the harden- applications above described will, no time and patience with a new man on
ing of any small areas upon the surface doubt, open up large fields within them- the job will give you good returns. In
of large articles, especially in cases selves and the oxy-acetylene welding ap- most cases whese the results with a
where the ordinary process of heating paratus will become more and more an moulding machine have not been satis-
and hardening would cause distortion essential part of the modern manufac- factory, the machine gets the blame,
that would be difficult to remove by sub-
turing institution, where it will enjoy when the truth of the matter is that the
sequent grinding. The lack of warping the same prominence it has held for operator has never had the proper in-
forms one of the chief advantages of some time past in the repair plant. struction that is necessary to a new man
the process. The metal is only heated
on this line of work.
to slight depth; the surface is cooled as
fast as heated, and a very small area is THE MOULDING MACHINE. Selecting a Moulding Machine.
in the heated condition at a single time. When buying a machine, if there is
By M. 0. S.
The work to be hardened locally is any doubt in your mind as to the suc-
placed in a tank of water, so that, if WHEN the moulding machine was first
cessful production of any class casting,
possible, the water covers all except the put on the market, it was regarded as a it is wise to consult a reliable manufac-
small surface being operated upon. If liugh joke by the moulder, and although turer, for every man who makes these
this is not convenient, it is often quite
up-to-date foundry men admitted that it
machines understands that the reputa-
possible to arrange a stream of water was an artistic piece of machinery, there tion of his product depends upon the
from a hose so as to keep running water were very few who considered it prac- accuracy of his judgment on this point.
tical. As time went by, however, and the
on the surfaces which it is desired to His opinion is, therefore, valuable. An-
keep cool. The flame used should be moulding machine continued to gain other question to he considered in buying
powerful, and should be held close to ground and become more perfect in its a moulding machine, is whether it will
output,, some of the more wide-awake
the part to be hardened. The flame is pay a sufficient return on the money in-
directed so that the outer portion flows foundrymen began to sit up and take vested.
in the direction along which the blow notice, for it looked very much as if the
machine had come to stay. The rapid
A very important detail in connection
pipe is being moved. The cooling water with the making of moulds by machin-
is made to follow as closely as possible
developments in the last few years have
ery is that there is not nearly as much
without interfering with tlie flame and proved its efficiency and sufficiency be-
expense required to keep the patterns in
thus prevent heating. yond a doubt. It is now possible for
repair, as the pattern plates are not
the foundryman to produce moulds by
Speed of Heating. subject to as much damage as the gated
machinery for almost any easting that
Special care should be given to the pattern, when it is used in a sand or
can be made in a two-part flask.
speed of heating and movement of the clay match or follow-board.
No machine even invented had a hard-
burner. As the flame passes along, it The Output Feature.
er fight to make good than the moulding
quickly heats up the surface, which is in- The main advantage of producing
machine, for the moulders "knocked"
stantly cooled by the water or by the eastings on the moulding machine is the
it and did everything in their power to
cold surrounding body of metal, leaving great increase in output. This is many
discourage its use. This was a great mis-
it at the maximumhardness to be ob-
times that of the moulder. Tliere are
take on their part, for if they had of ac-
tained with that material. To secure a numerous other ways in which it is a
cepted it and given it a fair trial, the
thin but intensely hard surface, the part great boon to the foundrvman. It gives
handyman and machine operator would
to be treated should be barely covered him o;ood, uniform castings without high
never have had the same footing in the
by the water, and the force of the flame priced skilled labor; the latter being
foundry as they hold to-day.
should blow the film of water away from The best
sometimes difficult to get.
the part being heated. This is done by The Accuracy Feature.
proof that the moulding machine has
increasing the oxygen pressure. That a moulding machine is more ac-
come to stay is that on investigation it
The normal treatment gives a hard curate in duplicating work tlian a mould-
will be found that the largest and most
surface about 1-16 inch deep, but greater er goes without argument, as no two
up-to-date foundries in both the United
depth can be obtained by prolonging the moulders rap or draw their pattern the
States and Canada have hundreds of
heating without burning or oxidizing the same way. A machine-made mould is
surface. This is easily accomplished by always the same size, providing it is them in operation, and are not only sat-
moving the flame slightly but rapidly made by a careful operator. Tliis is an isfied with the results obtained from them
back and forth over the part so that a advantage that lots of foundrymen have but are installing more from time to
larger area is heated at once. Experi- never consid'ered, and thousands of time.
Shrapnel Shell Service and Constructional Features
Staff Article
Arising out of this European war, not the least interesting feature, if only on account
of its novelty,although its significance is much more diversified and potent because of the
stimulus given to both our industries and to our Empire patriotism, was that of the decision
to manufacture shells in Canada. Interesting data relative to shells generally are here given.
view of the fact tliat shrapnel shell The nose or time-fuse can be adjusted to fails to explode through the agency of
INmanufacture in Canada has develop- explode the shell at any predetermined the time-fuse, it will explode upon im-
ed to an extent hardly anticipated a time after its discharge from the gon, pact. Upon firing, the percussion ring H
few months ago, and in response to and an effort is made to have the shell slips back over the plunger which carries
numerous requests from interests only explode about a hundred yards in front the firing-pin K. Upon impact of the
indirectly in touch with the production of the enemy and directly above him. shell with some solid object, the whole
bide,we take pleasure in bringing to the The case is made of a high grade of steel fliesforward, the pin K
exploding the
attention of our readers a brief state- and is not itself shattered. primer charge T. This instantly ignites
ment concerning this much-used death- The flame from the time-fuse explodes the exploding charge G through the
dealing projectile. the powder in the central tube and the tube 0.
commonly known as shells,
Projectiles, rear end of the shell. This simply blows The Explosive.
have a number of different purposes and the fuse-end off and discharges the whole The explosive used in all kinds of
vary widely in construction. In Fig. 1 is load of bullets straight ahead as if shot shells is, in nearly all cases, a high grade
shown a simple and much-used form of from an enormous shotgun. The explo- of black powder. Few of the higher ex-
sive charge is not large in comparison to plosives are suitable for this purpose.
the weight of metal discharged but, as
the projectile as a whole has a very con-
siderable initial velocity, each bullet will
energy
liave sufficient to administer a dis-
abling woundat 100 yards, and bullets
enough are provided to furnish one for
every square yard of surface attacked.
Timing Arrangements
Shells are timed both by clockwork and
by a time fuse. A typical example of the
shown in
latter is Fig. 3. Upon discharge
from the gun the inertia of the percus-
sion plunger P causes it to shear off the
resistance ring R
and fly back against the
firing pin A which explodes the primer
charge J. The flame from this passes
through the hole B and ignites the fixed
time-train C. This fixed time-train bums
around until it comes to the hole E,
through which the flame can pass to the
FIG. 1. SIMPLEST FORM OF EXPLOSIVE movable time-train at its lower end. The FIG. 2. TYPICAL FORMS OF COMMON
PROJECTILES. SHRAPNEL.
movable time-train burns back until the
hole D is reached through which the
explosive projectile. The explosive charge flame obtains access to tlie powder G
Any of the compounds of nitro-glycerine
or other explosives which are liable to de-
IS seen encased in the solid steel of the which forms part of the bursting charge
tonate by shock are manifestly unsuit-
sliell and is provided with a detonator of the shell.
able. Many deteriorate in long storage,
at the rear end which is intended to ex- It is easily seen that, by rotating the
and acids will react with the metal walls
plode the charge upon impact or immedi- movable ring M
so that the holes E and
The left half of the of the projectile. Picric acid or its salts,
ately afterwards. D become further separated around the alone or in combination with other sub-
figure represents a projectile designed circumference of the shell, the time re- stances intended to make it less sensitive
for the destruction of fortresses, earth- quired for the train C to burn around to
to detonation, are much used in the form
works, etc., where high explosive power the hole E and back along the movable
of the Japanese shimose and the British
is required. When required to pierce
train to the hole D is increased. The Ij'ddite. Great care must be exercised
hardened steel armor, this shell is pro- time allowed, of course, depends upon with these, however, to prevent the ex-
vided with a covering of softer metal the distance the shell has to travel from
plosivescoming in contact with the metal
over the hardened point. Otherwise the the gun to the point where it is desired
surface of the shell.
shell would simply shatter itself without to discharge the bullets, and if the holes
perforating the hardened projective E and D be placed directly in line, the The Canadian-Made Article.
surface. shell will explode but a few feet from the In Fig. 2, the left-hand figure repre-
Shrapnel Shells. muzzle of the gun. sents a typical 18-pound British shrap-
For the destruction of men and other The time-train rings do not form com- nel shell such as, along with 15-pounders,
animate objects, the lype of projectile plete circles so that for transportation, are, at present, being made in large quan-
known as shrapnel is employed. Two or if it be not desired to use tlie time tities in Canadian factories. The body is
typical shrapnel projectiles are shown in fuse, the hole E is set opposite the blank forged by hydraulic pressure from a
Fig. 2, and their operation is as follows: part of the time train C. In case the shell solid billet of high grade steel, and the
. : "
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
machining represents two simple series involved are much greater than is rea- CALORISrNG.
of operations on turret lathes. After lized by the man not directly in touch A NEW process, called " calorising,
the finishing of the machine work and with the task. Some seemingly insur- or placing a protective coating on iron
inspection, the cases are subjected to a mountable obstacles have been met and and steel and other metals, especially
heat treatment and oil quenching. overcome and, at the present time, the for use under high temperature condi-
tions, has been worked out in the re-
search laboratory of the General Elec-
tric Co., New York. According to the
Iron and Coal Trades Review, "caloris-
ing," which is the discovery of T. Van
Aller, consists in heating metals in re-
volving drums with mixtures containing,
among other things, finely divided alum-
inum, so that a surface alloy containing
aluminum is produced.
In the case of copper, this alloy is of
the nature of an aluminum bronze, but
richer in aluminum than the ordinary
alloy of that name and more resistant
to heat, so that copper thus treated is
FIG. 3. DET.\ILS OF ADJUSTABLE TIME FUSE.
protected, up to the melting period of
CONCERNING CORE COMPOUNDS. one minute on the 100 mesh sieve, weigh dough and try for toughness and dry-
By "Melter." what goes through, sift the balance on ness. A strong flour is shown by its
the 80 mesh sieve for one minute, and readiness to absorb water, and make a
CONDITIONS under which core
so on. Any loss is counted on the 60 clean dough that shows tenacity when
compounds arc selected do not ap-
nicsh, and what does not go through the lulled out. This result will be accentu-
pear altogether satisfactory,
ated if the dough
20 mesh is credited to the one mesh is left exposed for a
either from the standpoint of consumer sieve. If tlie sand is very fine, more short time before trying. If, in work-
or from that of the producer. This,
binder will be required and a close hard ing, it is still sticky, the flour is not so
however, is not surprising as the ma-
core with poor venting will result. It good, but if it break short it is undoubt-
terials involved differ greatly in compo-
is possible to use 85 per cent, old and edly inferior.
sition and are subject to varied applica-
only 15 per cent, new sand and get good Oil Binders.
tions.
satis,facti.ori. If machine mixing is
Oil binders are made from linseed,
Cores are of two kinds green sand practical, more old sand can be used than
fish, mineral oils and resin. Clay ab-
and dry sand. Those of the former will when mixing is done by hand. sorljs oil and therefore it is not bene-
not be considered here as they do not It not beneficial, however, to run
is
ficial to mix the two. Oils and gums
require compounds to create binding up old sand much beyond 85 per cent. flow through the sand and get in be-
power but rely altogether on the shape Used sand has the alumina (clay) burn- tween the particles, while flour, resin
of the grains of sand. ed out, and each grain of silica has a and starch do not, but just bind adjacent
The Sand Feature. coating or film of carbon around it. This This segregation of binder
grains.
film of carbon does not permit the bind-
Tlie of a core for any
suitability causes an excess of gas at the point of
work depends largely on ing material to be as effective as it segregation. Oil cores have very little
special line of
the nature of the sand and binder mixed
would be if new sand were employed. If green binding power though they are
there is much fine sand in the old, more
with it. The chemical composition, the better than paste or dry binders. Oils
binder will be required as the dust needs
degree of fineness and shape of grains of containing mineral oil need longer to
as much binder as is necessary for the
sand are all-important factors. A sand hake because the mineral adulterant
grains.
high in alumina will bake harder than must be volatilized before gums or pit-
Core Binders.
one with a smaller percentage of alumina ches act.
and the harder condition would be de- Core binders may be divided into four Dry Compounds.
trimental to good venting. The coarser
groups dry compounds, oil, paste, and Dry compounds are made up of resin,
the sand, other things being equal, the those which are capable of being dis- pitch, dextrin, coke dust, and sometimes
greater will be the strength, at least up solved in water. a little sawdust is added to facilitate re-
to a certain limit. Flour. moval from the casting. Dextrin is a
Organic matter gives bond, but bums green binder which is soluble in water
Flour is a paste binder. It burns out
out when molten metal comes into con- easily and is, therefore, good for long and therefore flows to the contact points
tact with it, causing the core to fall or of grains of sand, when tliere is suffici-
thin work, although it has very little
crumble. For this reason, river sands green binding power. The core should ent moisture added. Resin will not stand
are better than bank sands as all foreign a high heat when baking
as it melts at
be used almost immediately, as moisture
matter is washed out. Iron, mringanese, is taken up from the air and moulds. from 100 to 140 C. It is not soluble in
magnesia and lime are all detrimental, When using flour, a good brand should water and has no green binding power.
and have the effect of causing the core be had, as it is the starch and glutin Pitch wlien in contact with molten iron
to crumble as already noted. forms coke which will not clean out.
which gives binding power. Poor grades
A medium coarse grade of sand of flour are yellow, mealy and oily Binders Soluble in Water.
should be used, say, with a degree of because they contain bran. They are Binders which are dissolved by water
fineness of from 55 to 75. A grade high in fibre, fats and ash and create are molasses, sour beer, glue and the by
coarser than this does not permit of its more gas. Tests have shown that a flour product of the sulphite paper industiy.
voids being all filled by the binder, and containing 50 per cent, less crude fibre,
The latter is very plentiful in Quebec
the result is a weak core. For instance, fat and mineral matter had 65 per cent,
Province, is strong, cheap, a good green
a 35 grade sand when new was 40 per more strength than the inferior product, hinder, and can be used with clay wash
cent,weaker, comparatively, when mix- and 25 per cent, less flour was required or mixed efficiently with any other bind-
ed with the same proportion of com- to obtain equal strength which result
er. It is composed of gums and resinous
pound, sand and clay wash, and baked would more than counteract the differ- liquors which flow through the sand,
for the same length of time and at the ence in cost. It has been found that
giving contact at all points.
same temperature as a 50 grade sand. some flours are adulterated with as much
The degree of fineness of a sand may be as 40 per cent, mineral matter. This Testing Compounds.
found from a sieving test by multiply- should not be over 1 1-3 per cent. Fat, In testing compounds, the relative
ing separately the number of grains pas- on the other hand should not exceed 2^ cost per pound should be figured and a
sing through each sieve by its mesh num- per cent., and fibre 1^/4 per cent. sot of test cores made with constant
ber, adding the results and dividing the A simple test of further difference quantities of new and old sand. The
whole by 100. Sieve meshes of 100, 80, invisible to the naked eye, is to spread amount of compound should vary so that
60. 40 and 20 are used. out on a piece of glass a small portion each set of cores costs the same amount.
The most convenient way is to weigh when the yellow color is easily seen. An- A convenient core box is a mold used
out exactly 100 grains of sand, sift for other way of testing is to mix a little for cement testing, and having enlarged
74 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
cuds for gripping in the test machine, This shows a difference 16.028 cents there is a daily consumption of about 800
vvhile the area on whieli tlie loacj is ap- on 420 lbs. of sand in favor of the nev/ lb. of similar shape castings, mostly in
plied is exactly one scjuare inch. Some mixture, and as there was a monthly larger sizes, and a limited amount of
people prefer to use test cores 2 ins. consumption of 22,000 lbs. of new sand, smaller cored work.
square by 13 ins. long, and test trans- a saving of $8.38 was effected. The nearest foundry doing this class
versely on 12 ins. centres. It is imma- ofwork is sixty miles away, which makes
terial, however, what size bar is employ- it inconvenient to secure prompt delivery
ed.
PROJECTED FOUNDRY DATA RE- or hurry orders and to change patterns
Core Tests. quickly when large quantities of a few
QUIRED.
sizes are wanted ahead of others. An-
Cores are examined for green binding By D. A. Hampson,
power, change of shape, time of drying, othed trouble experienced is the variety
Olrl
T-l)s.
Mixture. New
Lbs.
Mixture. makers of babbitt on their ingot metal.
*
Question. Will you kindly tell us
Old sMiirl :^]5 375 what you consider the best material for
New s;ui(l
Cnnipouiul
]05
14
OO-Ofi.",
L'G.IS
63
8.4
00.037
0.,S2.S
Question. We are making yellow the floor of a foundry? Our product is
Clay 10 .05 8 .400 brass castings, and have considerable stove-plate and the floor must be as
20.293 10.265 trouble in getting a good color, also in level as possible.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 75
Answer. Put in about 5 or 6 inches is used in the proportion of 10 lbs. to ent compositions. Wiien used for the
of cinders or broken stone, level this up each ton of scrap when the coke con- jjurpose of a bearing, it contains a con-
with fine cinders from cupola or boiler, tains 2 per cent, of sulphur. For each siderable percentage of lead. The fol-
and over this put one or two inches of 1 per cent, of sulphur over or under 2 lowing is a good bearing alloy: Copper,
sharp sand. Level with a straight-edge; per cent., one pound of flux is added or 81 per cent.; phosphor-copper (15 per
then lay hard red brick flatwise, and deducted. The blast used depends on cent.), 3 per cent.; tin, 7 per cent.; lead,
breaking joints lengthwise. Put plank the percentage of fixed carbon in the 9 per cent. Melt copper under char-
on bricks to keep them from breaking coke; thus, for 70 per cent, fixed car- coal and, when tlioroughly liquid, add
and pound them down so that they are bon, 8-ounce pressure is used, and for l)liosphor-copper. Let the metal stand
solid and level. Next make a grout of each 5 per cent, above or below this, the a few minutes with furnace covering
one part cement and two parts sharp blast is reduced or increased 1 ounce. partially removed, then add tin and,
sand, and pour it over bricks until all Additions of aluminum and ferro- lastly, the lead afterwards stir vigor-
;
cracks are filled. Leave no cement on manganese are made in the ladle. ously. Of late there has been a ten-
surface, except to fill cavities and un- * * dency to confine the term phosphor-
even places. Brick makes a good gang-
way, as it resists the iron better than
Question. We have trouble in g-etting
bronze to the strongest grades of cop-
per-tin alloys, tiius indicating by the
a sand match that will stand the wear
anything except clay. Clay gangways
and knocking around to which it is sub- use of this name that a bronze is re-
are, however, hard to keep even. To jected in the foundry. Could you advise
quired possessing the highest physical
make must
stove-plate true, your floor
us of any good mixture for this pur-
properties possible in a copper-tin alloy.
be level, and the above composition and pose? A good formula for such an alloy fol-
arrangement will give the desired re-
Answer. If you try the follow-
will
lows: Copper, 90 lbs.; tin, 5 lbs.; phos-
sults. phor-tin (5 per cent.), 5 lbs. Add phos-
* ing I think be satisfactory in
it will
phor-tin first.
every way Finely sifted gangway
:
Question. We of brazing
use a lot
sand, 89 parts; finely sifted steel or iron
metal, and would like to make it our- borings, 1 part; pulverized litharge, 3
selves. Can you give us a good mix- A RAPID ENAMELING PROCESS.
parts; boiled linseed oil, 7 parts. Mix
ture? AN enameling ])rocess, the distinctive
the sand, borings and litharge when dry,
feature of which is a quick-drying se-
Answer. The following mixture is ex- taking care to keep out all moulding
cured by heating- the objects treated in
tensively used for brazing purposes: sand, gTavel or water. After thoroughly
large ovens under a relative high per-
Copper, 87 per cent.; zinc, 12 per cent.; mixing, add the 7 parts boiled linseed
centage of humidity, has been perfected
lead, 1 per cent. Zinc is used in prefer- oil, and mix to the same temper as
by the Fickling Enameling Corporation,
ence to tin in making brazing metals, moulding sand. Ram this mixture into
Long Island City, New York. By this
because the copper-zinc alloys possess your cope-match or frame, and secure
method, known as the Radio-enameling
a certain amount of ductility at a red firmly with screws in preference to
process, an automobile can be refinished
heat, and do not crumble with the same nails. A match made with this mixture in three days.
facility as the copper and tin metals. will last for years if given half a chance.
A when After the initial enamel has been ap-
The color of the metal varies from a coat of shellac and lampblack
dry will also help this match. plied by either dipping or spraying, the
coppery hue, with small percentages of it is
parts are placed in tljese specially con-
zinc, to a reddish yellow, with higher * *
percentages. The structure of the metal structed ovens and dried under a uni-
first. Open-hearth steel should be used method will have wide industrial uses
when the castings are to be machined,
Question. Kindly give us a good for- because of the time saved in drying. One
but if not, the charge can consist of 75 mula for phosphor bronze? oven 19 ft. X 6 in. X 42 ft. is in use at pre-
per cent. Bessemer steel and 25 per cent,
Answer. The term phosphor bronze sent and Mr. Fickling holds that the
open-hearth scrap. The flux, which prin- is rather vague, as it is applied to a method would be efficient with even a
cipally consists of silica and iron oxide, larse number of alloys of widely differ- larger oven.
76 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
the matter, nor is it any more so to realize that any report
The MacLean Publishing Company arising therefrom may not most probably be received until
LIMITED after the war is over. In any case, as generally happens,
(ESTABLISHED 1888.)
the patriotic feature will doubtless be sacrificed for that
JOHN BAVNE MACLEAN
H. T.
H. V.
HUNTER
TYRRELL
----- . - - - President
General Manager
Asst. General Manager
of party.
Numerous applications have, we understand, been re-
PUBLISHERS
ceived for the post of commissioners, of whom there will
be three, but meantime one only has been decided upon
^lA^lpipRPAJN as suitable, although his acceptance has not yet been in-
dicated. There is difficulty it
the necessary qualifications, and this
appears in getting
is
men with
not to be won-
Metal Industry News dered at when we are officially told that the Commission
will be expected to find some means of refining Ontario's
A Monthly Technical Journal devoted to the Foundry and Metal
Industries. nickel ore within the Province, and failing this, their ap-
PETER BAIN, M.E., Editor. pointment is supposed to constitute an opportunity to
B G NEWTON - . - - Advertising Manager invent a means.
OFFICES:
CANADA Money, as in every other feature of our complex ex-
Townships Bank
.,,. ,
Vol. VI. APRIL, 1915 No. 4 The hearts of our people are deeply stirred on this
question of our nickel export destination, and tlieir de-
PRINCIPAL CONTENTS. mand is that all quibbling on the one hand and cavilling
Development of Our Nickel Copper Smelting Industr.v 61-63 oh the other should cease. Britain's navy can be relied
General 6:i-64
Tlie Roniancp Copper upon to prevent direct shipment to Germany, but not
Nickel Refining in Canada i)f
Dis^jisos of MetMls. .. .Nickel Silver. necessarily, through neutral countries, indirectly to her.
I'oundr.v Practice and Equipment Canadian statesmanship can, if it is worthy the name,
Incre:isi!ig the Output of Vdiir Fomiilr.v. . . . Piln' Pat-
terns aii'd Castings. make the latter contingency as impossible as the former;
American Foundtj men's .Association Convention 68 otherwise let that statesmanship take the bit between its
Case and Surface Hardening b.v the Oxy-Acet.vlene I'rocess 69-70 teeth and admit its failure.
"0
General
The Moulding Machine. This nickel refining business has, we believe, more to it
.Shrapnel Shell Service and Constructional Features 71-T2 than any political-party-appointed-and-directed Com-
General 72 mission will be able to unearth, however capable and con-
KIcctro-Depositing Calorislng Canada's Trade
with Britain.
scientious its individual constituents. The principal pro-
Practical .Articles by Our Readers ducers of nickel from Canadian ore are the Mond Nickel
Core
('DMct'niir.ig Comp aiinl.s I'rojected
. . . . FouiKlry Co., with its refineries in Wales, and the International
Data Required.
Question and Answer Series for Foundrymen 74-75 Nickel Co., with its refineries in New Jersey, U.S.A. The
General 75 fonner, as we might assume, is a British concern and the
A Rapid En;iiuelling Process. latter is American.
Editorial 76
The nickel refining process has always been regarded
The Canadian Nic-kcl Question.
Plating and Polishing Department 77-80 as of a more or less secret nature, and reasonably so, be-
Tononti) Brancii .\nierifaii Eipctrn-Piaters' Society.... cause of the fact that most published matter relating
Tln^ Advance (if tlic Plating Industry Die-Casting
PiM<'ti<'e. .. .Questions and Answers. thereto has been remarkable for its important detail fea-
Trade Gossip, Catalogues, Book Reviews 80 ture omissions. Again, the cost of the process is reputed
to be high, both from a material and labor point of view.
THE CANADIAN NICKEL QUESTION. Just then what Ontario's Nickel Commission will make
spite of the most emphatic ol'ficial statements to the
out of their task barring the pocketing of good fat sal-
INcontrary, there is apparent a lingering suspicion both aries, is somewhat problematical. One thing is certain,
harbored and expressed that nickel products of our however, a report will be presented, but we are not too
Dominion are finding- their way into enemy hands, and, sanguine that its achievement will amount to more than
to the man in the street, the situation appears to become the distinction of being filed.
daily more perplexing. He believes himself to be the For the present or for the duration of the war, there
goat of either an "Ananias Club" officialdom or, through is no real urgency for our embarking on a nickel refining
over-sensitiveness, the victim of a "Doubting Thomas" enterprise, but there is real urgency in our people being
fraternity. absolutely assured that the product of our Canadian
not in any sense reassuring, however, to find that
It is mines is lieing used as fully as requirements call for on
the OntarioGovernment has decided to appoint a Nickel our behalf, and that not an ounce of it is being used
Commission to make an exhaustive investigation into against us.
TORONTO BRANCH, AMERICAN considered almost unlimited. This fact plater now looks upon the chemist as a
ELECTRO-PLATERS' SOCIETY. is causing the manufacturer and the friend who can help him out of the dif-
technical man to pay more attention to which present themselves from
THE Toronto Braiifh of the Ameri-
can Eleetro-pl.iters' Society ex- this branch of industry than ever be-
ficulties
day to day.
tend a cordial invitation to all in-
fore. With this growth, competition Another step in this direction has
has grown keener, which, in turn, has been taken by the Bureau of Standards
terested in the electro de|)Osition of
meials, to be present at thfir meeting-
drawn the attention of the efficient ex- at Washington, which has undertaken to
pert to the plating department. standardize acid plating solutions, and
in the Occident Hall, corner Queen and
There is hardly a large manufacturing itis only a question of time when the
Bathurst streets on Thursday, April 22,
plant where a cost system has not been matter of alkaline or cyanide solutions
at 8 p.m. The following: interesting pro-
introduced to determine the cost of will receive same consideration.
the
gram been arranged:
lias
operating the plating department. The This recognizing the un-
institution,
J. T. Burt-Gen'ans, of Toronto Uni-
manufacturer has called for increased limited scope of the electro-plating field,
versity, will lecture on the electrolysis
output, and in order to enable the plater has taken the initiative in bringing the
of copper solutions, using- a projecting
to meet this demand, has installed mod- matter before its students. Tliis is be-
lantern and copper bath in operation to
demonstrate the electro-chemical actioa
ern equipment. He has installed high ing done for the sole purpose of increas-
efficiency electrical apparatus. The plat- ing the efficiency of plating solutions.
which takes place during deposition of
ing barrel or mechanical plating tank In order to obtain maximum efficiency
metal. Mr. Burt-Gerrans is a very
was introduced and is steadily growing in the plating department the plater
fluent and energetic speaker, besides be-
in favor, as it enables the plater to must be positive that the solution has
ing an authority on the subject he will
handle a large amount of work at one been made up not only most economic-
present.
time, thus reducing labor cost. Only ally, but with materials which will as-
Mr. Morrison also of Toronto Univer-
the most important part of the electro- sure perfect deposits in the shortest
sity, will speak on the advantages of a
possible time.
training in electro-chemistry as applied
to electro-plating. Mr. Morrison is in- ^IMDRICAN ELECTRO-PI<ATEKS' SO- Solution Features.
CIETY, TORONTO BRANCH.
structor in the electro-plating class at The plater is now working in harmony
Officers :
the Toronto Technical School, and hav- President John A. MaglU, 591 St. with the chemist. He is becoming more
ing had practical experience in electro- Clarens Ave., Toronto.
plating work, his remarks will be of par-
Vice-President William Salmon, 48 Oak intimately acquainted with his solutions.
Street, Toronto. He wants to know what he can expect
ticular value.
Secretary Ernest Coles, P.O. Box 5,
Coleman, Ont. of his bath in a given time. In order to
W. S. Barrows will describe the uses Treasurer
Walter S. Barrows, 628 be able to do this, however, there must
Dovercourt Road, Toronto.
and advantages of Cobalt electro depo- PLACE AND DATES OF MEETING. be eliminated from the plating solution
The Occident Hall, corner of Qneen
sits,giving a brief historical sketch, also and Bathurst Streets. Fourth Thursday
of each month, at 8 p.m.
not only detrimental matter that is,
explaining in non-technical terms the re- material which actually retards the ac-
sults of his extended experiments rela- tion of the current, but also that which
tive to this neglected metal. Mr. Bar- plating department has been neglected does the solution no good. He must
rows will illustrate his paper with a dis- the solution itself. The expense and the eliminate all ingi-edients which lie dor-
play of ores, oxides, and salts of cobalt, possibilities of the electro-plating field mant in solution, and confine himself to
also specimens of various lines of goods have now drawn the attention of the materials which serve a specific purpose.
plated with metallic cobalt. This fea- technical man to this most vital part of All he draws from his solution is metal,
ture will be particularly valuable to the the electro-plating industry. and this factor should, therefore, re-
manufacturers of plated goods, as well ceive the most consideration. It should
The Chemist Feature.
as to tl'e nickel plater. be introduced into the bath in the purest
Cobalt is rapidly becoming prominent It is only during the last few years
state possible at the lowest cost.
a=: a metal su))stitute for nickel, and as
that the chemist has been consulted.
That' electro-plating is simply a branch The Electrolyte Feature.
it is comparatively new in the electro-
plating industry, a special request is ex- of electro-chemistry and a very import- The next consideration is the elec-
tended to those operating nickel plating ant one, was recognized for the first trolyte, which reduces the metal from
plants to attend this meeting-. The so- time when the American Electro-Chemi- the anodes and deposits it upon the
ciety desires a good representation from cal Society gave a symposium on electro- cathode. In the joint investigations of
the metal section of the Toronto Branch, plating at their meeting at Atlantic the chemist and pl^iter it has been
Canadian Manufacturers' Association, City in April, 1013, to which the Am- brought home that in the past the plater
also from such other bodies as are in any erican Electro-Platers' Society was in- has been working under serious handi-
vited. caps. He has been compelled to get re-
waj'' interested in the commercial electro-
deposition of metals. This was the first meeting of the prac- sults with all conditions against him,
tical man and the theoretical man for being compelled to use materials which
the purpose of discussing electro-plat- contain large proportions of impurities,
THE ADVANCE OF THE PLATING ing problems, and that meeting has done the nature of which he had no way of
INDUSTRY. much towards dispersing the prejudice determining. The metal salts have varied
By Carl Dittmar. which the practical plater has had in metal contents so that he was never
THE plating industry has grown against the chemist, whom he considered sure just how much metal he was intro-
steadily each year, and now its scope is nothing short of a "meddler." The
ducing into his bath. Brass "World.
78 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
DIE-CASTING PRACTICE. trical horns, phonographs, and for many cost. Limitations shoi Id, therefore, be
By Chas. Pack.** other purposes too numerous to mention made as liberally as requirements wiU
here. permit. From the
foregoing it will
DIE-CASTINGS may be defined as
Die-Casting Processes. readily be seen that in the construction
finished castings, the metal having
The processes in use for the manufac- of dies only high skilled mechanics can
been poured and allowed to sol-
ture of die-castings may be divided into be employed. The employment of in-
idify in permanent metallic molds. This
two groups, viz. Air machines and ferior labor in this department would
would include a number of
:
definition
plunger machines. In the former type of be a false economy, since a single mis-
casting processes, the products of which
casting machine, the metal is melted in a step may ruin weeks of good work.
are not commercially recognized as die-
castings, such as the casting of cheap
suitable iron pot fitted with air-tight The alloys used for die-castings may
cover. The air valve is opened to admit be divided into three groups, viz. : A,
lead figures, lead battery plates, dental
air, which forces metal upward into the zinc alloys; B, tin alloys; C, lead alloys.
appliances, etc. Here the molten metal
die. Although there are a number of Tlie writer in his experience has found
ispoured from an iron ladle into a per-
manent metallic mold, filling the mold
air macliineswhere metal is poured the constituents of Group A alloys to
downward with gxavity, the gTeater vary as follows:
by its own gravity and using no external
number called to tlie attfention of the
pressure. To exclude these processes, Zinc 70 to 90 per cent.
writer force the metal upward and
die-castings must be defined as "finished Tin to 20 per cent.
against gravity.
eastings made by pouring molten metal Aluminum to 5 per cent.
The plunger type of easting machines,
under pressure into a metallic mold." Copper 2 to 5 per cent.
although open to a number of objections,
The of die-casting consists
process Antimony to 2 per cent.
have proved more successful in practice
essentially melting the die-casting
in Lead to 2 per cent.
and are used to a much larger extent
alloy in a suitable container and forcing
it, under pressure, into a metallic mold
than the air machines. The writer will A typical example of this group of
or die, producing smooth finished cast-
confine himself to the machine and pro- alloys is the following: Zinc, 84.5 per
cess patented by H. H. Doehler in 1907. cent.; tin, 9.0 per cent.; copper, 4.5 per
ings requiring little or no machining,
This process, which is undoubtedly the cent.; aluminum, 2.0 per cent. Zinc
and being ready for buffing or plating
best of either type, is now being suc- alloys of the type given have a tensile
without any grinding or cutting down.
cessfully used in all parts of the United strength not exceeding 18,000 lb. per sq.
The process is best adapted to small in-
States, as well as in Canada, Great in., and an exceedingly low elongation
tricate parts where accuracy and uni-
Britain, Germany, Austria and Hungary. and reduction of area. The strength of
formity are essential. The process is
Construction of Dies. these alloys compares favorably with
limited to a group of alloys having a
east iron. Zinc alloys are corroded by
tensile strength not exceeding 20,000 lb. Dies are constructed from model or
aqueous solutions of any kind, and
per sq. in.,which limits the application blueprint furnished. The design and con-
should not be used for food containers
of process to machine parts not
this struction of the dies constitutes one of
or conveyors. Gasoline, which theore-
subject to severe strain or shock. It is, the most vital factors in the successful
tically should be inert toward metals,
liowever, possible by a careful study of operation of the process. The designer
has been found to corrode zinc alloys,
the service conditions to re-design cast- of the die must find the proper location
addition of ribs,
when in direct and constant contact, due
ings, either by the for the gate, which is a very important
to impurities in the commercial gasoline
webs, fillets, etc., or by the insertion of factor, far more so than in foundry
A machine part often pro- sold to motorists. A good copper-plat-
steel or bronze inserts to so strengthen practice.
ing, however, will aid a zinc alloy to re-
die-cast parts that they may successfully nounced a casting impossibility may be
sist the action of gasoline.
displace the stronger alloys of copper made a possibility by the ingenuity of
the die designer. Zinc alloy die-castings may also be
and iron.
A better understanding of the import- plated with nickel, silver, brass, etc., and
Although the principles of die-casting
have been known and practised for ance of the die construction may be such coatings protect the castings from
corrosion. Zinc alloy die-castings may
many years, the advent of successful gained by a consideration of the die
die-casting as an individual industry cost. Dies for simple parts may cost be buffed to a beautiful white polish,
which, unfortunately, becomes dull upon
dates back to a period of no more than from $25 to $100; for more intricate
By careful study and ex- parts from $100 to $500, and for very exposure to atmospheric conditions for a
fifteen years.
periment it has become possible to en- complicated parts die cost may run as few days. A permanent white polished
surface may be imparted to zinc die-
large the area of its application, and at high as $1,000. Although the latter
seems high, die-castings made castings by electro-plating with nickel
the present time the manufacture of die- figure
castings forms an important branch of from such die still show big savings, and buffing. Of all die-castings produced
since otherwise there would be no de- on this Continent and in Europe, ap-
the non-ferrous metal industry.
mand for such dies. proximately 85 per cent, are made from
Die-castings are now used extensively
The predominating features of die- zinc alloys, 10 per cent, are made from
for both useful and ornamental purposes.
eastings are their high degree of ac- tin alloys of group B, and 5 per cent,
They constitute the vital parts of vari-
curacy and uniformity. Die-castings from lead alloys of group C.
ous types of automatic vending ma-
chines, photo^aphing machines, type- can be made to specifications of plus or An understanding of the extensive ap-
minus 0.005 and when necessary, plication of zinc die-castings may be
writers, cash registers, magnetos, motor in., if
conditions permit, to specifications of gained by a partial enumeration of the
starting devices, time controlling de-
plus or minus 0.0005 in. These condi- parts for use in the motor vehicle in-
vices, counting machines, water circulat-
tions depend upon the alloy to be used dustry: Magnetos, self-starting devices,
ing and force feed pumps, player pianos,
and construction of die. Generally, water-circulating pump bodies, force-
roller and ball bearings, connecting rod
minus 0.0005 in.
specifications of plus or feed oil pumps, ball-bearing cages, speed-
and crank shaft bearings for internal
can only be had on castings whose di- ometers and wing nuts for windshields.
combustion motors, gas meters, electrical
measuring devices, mechanical and elec- mensions do not exceed 1 in. either way. Many of the inventions patented an-
It must, however, be understood that nually would not be commercial possi-
*From a paper presented before the Ameri- more careful
closer specifications require bilities if the present-day zinc alloy die-
can Institute of Metals, Chicago, September 8.
**Doehler Die-Casting Co., Brooljlyn, N.Y. die work and consequently higher die castings were not available. The numer-
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 79
ous automatic vending machines on the as to overcome the objections to which await treatment after bright dipping the
market to-day illustrate this fact. Parson's white brass is open, although brass parts. These, we find become tar-
Group B Alloys. retaining its good bearing qualities. nished to such an extent that they must
be redipped. Can you inform us wheth-
This group, containing 60 per cent. Group C Alloys.
er there is any method we could employ
and upward of tin, may be said to con- These alloys, containing 60 per cent,
which would prevent the parts tarnish-
sist entirely of babbitt metals. The or- and upward of lead, are so well known
ing so quickly?
iginal tin, antimony, copper alloy patent- as to require no further discussion here
ed by Isaac Babbitt, has undergone beyond saying that tlie die-casting pro-
Answer. Prepare a solution as fol-
babbitt metal. Die-castings of this group After bright dipping the brass parts,
are mostly used for motor bearings, al- Questions and Answers rinse them well in clean cold water and
though they are also used for machine immerse immediately in the potassium
parts where resistance to corrosion is of
Question. We nickel plate cold roll- bitartrate solution, then remove and dry
ed steel stampings which must be finish- in hot clean sawdust. Parts treated in
major importance and where high tensile
strength is not required.
ed very cheaply. We must, liowever, this manner will remain free from tar-
get an adherent coating of nickel. Ow- nisli, and maintain a uniformly bright
In tlie die-casting process, the metal ing to the surface of the stampings be- condition for a considerable time even
is poured under pressure into a water-
ing very greasy, we find it rather diffi- in the atmosphere of the average plating-
cooled metallic mold. The rapid chilling cult to clean them quickly, and with room.
produces a close-grained babbitt bear- little laibor expense. We an
liave tried
ing, free from blows and dross spots, so
often encountered in the place-poured
electric cleaner, 'but the results obtained
Question. I would like to receive in-
lained were not all that could be de- formation about the "French brown"
bearing. An automobile concern pro- there any other method we could employ finish which is used on small ornamental
ducing 50,000 cars per year has used to better serve our purpose ? pieces of the various metals. The pro-
successfully die-cast bearings for eight
years without a single complaint and
Answer. Unless tlie oil used previous cess must be one using a solution, and
to plating be a mineral oil of very low not obtained by pigments.
many die-cast bearings on that particu-
lar make of car have traveled 50,000
grade, you should be able to clean the
Answer. The first consideration is
stampings by first tumbling them in sa>v- that of the metal to be coated. If iron,
miles and more, only requiring slight ad-
dust and then treating in the electric or a soft metal such as antimonial, lead,
justment occasionally. The alloy used
cleaning bath. However, if you find etc., the piece sliould be given a copper
by this company is of the genuine bab-
this method ineffective, the next cheap- strike in a cyanide copper bath, tlien
bitt type, i.e., containing only tin, cop-
est rapidmethod we would advise is the rinsed and transferred to an acid copper
per and antimony in proportions varying
use of a hot copper solution, to be em- bath where it should receive at least V/2
only slightly from the original Babbitt
])loyed as a strike only. This is simply or 2 hours deposit of copper. Brass,
formula.
a hot cyanide of copper solution, rich in while not actually requiring the cop[)er
The die-casting company producing cyanide. The bath must be operated deposit, will finish to better advantage
these bearings uses only primary Straits maximum
with the available current and if lightly covered with a soft film of
tin, Cookson 's antimony and the finest
the full voltage of the dynamo, the de- co]:)per. The "French brown" dip con-
drawn or rolled Lake copper. This alloy ))osition being merely of a few seconds sists of sulphate of copper, 3 pounds;
is mixed by a process in which no con-
duration. The cyanide in the solution and caustic potasli, 1 ounce each of
stituent is heated above 750 deg. F. and,
together witli the copious evolution of wliieh should be dissolved separately in
after mixing it, it is kept below this hydrogen at the cathode will produce a a small volume of water, and then mix-
temperature until Die-cast bear-
cast.
clean surface which is instantly coated ed in sufficient water to make the total
ings made in this manner are far su- with a film of copper. Remove quickly volume one gallon. Upon mixing the
perior to those cast in place around the and rinse until cold in clean water; then two solutions, a liydroxide of copper is
shaft and also more economical. pass through a cyanide dip. Rinse formed, and the solution must be vig-
Under this group of alloys mention again and transfer the stamping to the orously stirred for some minutes until
must also be made of Parson's white nickel solution. Youw ill find the first this precipitate disappears. Wlien thus
brass, an alloy of tin, zinc and copper. cost of this method a trifle greater than prepared, the solution is ready to use
This alloy cannot be cast in the plunger others, but it is and incurs no
reliable when heated to boiling point. Maintain
type of machine (due to freezing of extra labor. Do not depend on the cop- the solution in a boiling condition while
plunger), and only with difficulty in the per solution to remove the bulk of in operation, immerse the article to he
air machine. The alloy, although par- grease from stampings, as such a pro- bronzed in the solution and note the
tiallymolten at 400 deg. F., is not thor- cedure would result in a contaminated gradual change in color. After a few
oughly fused and entirely liquid until a solution. Skim the surface of the bath trials the exact color desired may be
temperature of 1,000 deg. F. is reached, regularly. This method is equally as obtained repeatedly. A deep red brown
at which temperature the alloy drosses simple as the electric cleansing process is obtained in about 8 minutes. Lighter
excessively, segregates easily and is in usually employed and requires no pre- shades precede this color and for many
general a poor die-casting alloy. There liminary scouring of stampings. Use purposes are to be preferred. When fin-
has been, however, a demand for die- electrolytic copper anodes. ished, the article may be rinsed and
castings of the tin-zinc-copper type, and * * dried, and the final surface luster im-
this has caused the placing on the mar- Question
In the process of manufac- parted in several ways. A soft bristle
ket of a bearing metal known as Comet turing parts of electrical fixtures, our brush gives better results than a brass
white bronze, an alloy consisting essen- plating department output exceeds our scratch ibrush, while waxing will he
tially of tin, zinc and copper, in such lacquering room capacity. As a result, found a satisfactory method for finish-
proportions and treated in such manner a large quantity of parts necessarily ing life-like models, where the natural
80 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
sliades are to be retained. If lacquered, until the original volume is obtained. this case, potassium hydrovide is a val-
use a flat lacquer. Stir the solution thoroughly so that it uable addition agent. Every copper or
* * * liecomes uniform in composition and test brass solution should be equipped with a
again with the hydrometer. It will now coil for heating. This does not necessi-
Question. Is common table salt suit-
stand about 5 or 6 Beaume. Filtering tate using the solution hot or wai'm, but
able to use in a nickel solution to im-
the copper solution will aid in improv- an occasional heating after additions are
prove the color or whiteness of the de-
ing the deposit, if the solution be dirty made will be found helpful, giving new
posit? Some condemn it, while others
or has an accumulation of waste mater- life to the solution.
who obtain splendid results recommend
ial at the bottom of the tank. After
the salt.
distujrbing in the above manner, the
Answer.
The reason why some plat- solution Avill not work properly for sev-
ers condemn common salt (sodium chlor- eral hours following resumption of op-
Trade Gossip
ide) as an additional agent or conduct- erations, but it will gradually become St. John, N.B. Messrs. Eagles, Hogan
ing salt for nickel solutions is because it balanced and the resulting deposit be & Sterling, all of this city, will estab-
introduces chlorine into the solution, dense, soft and velvety in structure. lish a brass foundry here.
and when used upon steel or iron work, Your voltage is proper, but avoid using
it has a tendency to hasten corrosion too high current density, as such is liable
Moncton, N.B. Tlie Record Foundry
beneath the nickel deposit. However, if and Machine Co. has received an order
to cause rough deposits even Avhen the
the iron or steel is first given a reason- for lyddite shells from the Shell Com-
bath is in proper condition. Less fre-
ably heavy strike in a cyanide copper mittee.
quent additions of cvanide will also be
bath, the nickel deposit from a bath advisable in order to prevent a recur-
Toronto, Ont. A building permit has
containing a moderate amount of sodium rence of present conditions. been issued to the St. Clair Foundry Co.
chloride will not prove defective by rea- for the erection of an addition costing
son of the presence of the salt. Tlie .$2,000 to their plant.
usual method is to use the sodium
chloride together with a small quantity
Question. When our cyanide copper Sarnia, Ont.
The Sarnia Metal Pro-
bnth is filled with work and kept in ducts Co., which has recently completed
of boracic acid. This both increases the operation with full load, we do not ex- its plant, will start operations in a few
whiteness of the deposit and renders it perience any difficulty. If. however, wc days. Lloyd Lott is sales manager.
tougher. A nickel deposit from a solu- wish to plate only a few pieces, the de-
tion containing sodium chloride and no posit is invariably blistered and spoiled. Canadian Pig Iron Ore. Most of the
boracic acid lacks the toughness that The density of the solution is about f) ore used for the manufacture of pig iron
characterizes the deposit from a batii degrees on the hydrometer, and the tank in Canada during 1914 was imported
containing the latter chemical. Three is not supplied with a resistance board. from Newfoundland, only 182,964 tons
ounces of sodium chloride and 3 ounces The solution has had ndditions of sal- being the product of Canadian mines.
of boracic acid per gallon will rejuver- soda and l)isnlpliite of ^'>dn. Wliat shall
Tara, Ont. John S. Clark, of Paisley,
nate a sluggish solution, if the proper we do? has gone into partnership with John
metal content be present. The anodes
liberate metal freely and the deposit has Answer. If you wish to retain the Foster, ef Walkerton, and purchased the
a silvery white appearance which is so hadi at itspresent density, agitate the Gerolamy foundry in Tara. Mr. Clark
desirable. catiiode during deposition to remove was formerly with the Goldie & Mc-
< the gas. A more practical method, how- Culloeh Co., of Gait.
ever, would be to reduce the density of Charlottetown, P.E I. The
Question. We
copper-plate cold-rolled
the solution, thus eliminating the nece.s-
foundry
and blacksmith shop of the Bruce Stew-
steel stampings and steel tubes previous
sity of personal attention during- a run. art Co., were destroyed by fire on March
to nickeling. The copper deposit has
You could also use a resistance in the 20. The damage to the buildings and
been first class until recently, the trouble
circuit so that the current may be re- machinery is estimated at $10,000 with
being a blistered and rough hard plate
duced for small surface areas. The solu- $5,000 insurance.
which is very difficult to buff to satis-
tion with a density of 9 to 12 degrees
factory color. We have added cyanide will no doubt prove more efficient for A. Willson & Co., Inc., Reading,
T.
regularly each week and keep the anodes Pa., manufacturers of eye protectors
rapid work if the deposit be requiicd
free from black coatings. The tank is and goggles,, were awarded a grand
heavy. It must, however, be operated
connected direct to the dynamo and the prize at the Second International Ex-
with a degree of caution, due regard be-
voltao-e is about 5 volts at the tank. The position of Safety and Sanitation re-
ing paid to current strength. For or-
deposit blisters after about 2 minutes cently held at the Grand Central Palace,
dinary purposes, and when used as a
run, the entire sui-face of the cathode New York City.
strike, the solution is more practical and
being affected. Your advice will be ap-
easily managed if kept at 5 degrees or
preciated. Canada Iron Foundries, Ltd., has been
less. The injudicious introduction of bi-
incorporated at Ottawa, Ont., with a
Answer. Your copper solution is al- sulphite of .soda is frequently the cause
capital stock of $4,500,000 to acquire
together too dense, and, as you do not of blisters, as sodas in any form are not
and take over as a going concern the
mention having added copper in any productive of the many benefits in cop-
undertaking and business now carried
form, we are of the opinion that the per solutions which are attributed to
on by the Canada Iron Corporation, in
cyanide content of the bath has gTad- them. We invariably discourage their
liquidation at Montreal, Que. Incorpor-
ually increased until the solution has a use except in special cases. A copper
ators: W. R. Lorimer Shanks, F. G.
density of possibly 10 or 12 degrees solution composed of potassium or sod-
Bush and G. R. Drennan, all of Mont-
Beaume. If by testing with the hydro- ium cyanide, carbonate of copper and
real, Que.
meter you find this to be the case, the water, can easily be operated so that
remedy will be very simple. Remove the deposits therefrom will equal any Alex. Toronto, formerly
Taylor, of
about one-half the total volume of solu- obtained from a bath containing soda. assistant has been appointed
secretary,
tion and preserve it in a clean barrel Tlie same may be said of brass solutions, secretary of the Lake Superior Corpora-
or crock for future use. Next, add clenn except where a very bright deposit is tion, the Algoma Steel Corporation, and
water to the solution loft in the tank desired and of a golden vellow color. Tii the subsidiaries of these concerns. Mr.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 27
FOUNDRY
Necessities
No. 1 CEYLON PLUMBAGO
H. F. M. SEACOAL
The Hamilton
Facing Mill Company, Ltd.
Foundry Ladles Flat
(oiffcd
bottom riveted steil bowls provided with
iips and vent holes.
HAMILTON, CANADA
// ivh.at you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
28 CANADIAN FOUND RYMAN
Taylor succeeds Thomas Gibson, who re- Tumblers for foundries are described ing capacities, speeds, horsepower, gen-
cently resigned, and now
president of
is at length in a catalogue No. 113, recent- eral dimensions, etc. More than 1,000 of
the Lake Superior Corporation, suc- ly issued by the Whiting Foundry Co., these machines are now in daily operation
ceeding- Mr. Frater Taylor of Sault Ste. Harvey, 111. A number of styles are il- reducing limestone, shale, gypsum, clay,
Marie, who, however, retains the presi- lustrated and the principal features are coal, coke, ores, tankage, bark, oyster
dency of the Algoma Steel. Mr. Taylor stated together with tables giving the shells, rock for road top dressing, and
lias also been added to the board of the leading dimensions of each size and other many other materials. A free copy of
Lake Superior Corporation. data. Other illustrations show interior this bulletin may be obtained by writing
views of cleaning rooms with batteries to their home office.
Frederick Winslow Taylor, a well
of tumblers installed. Copies may be had
known engineer, died at Germanstown,
free on request.
A Study of the Malleable Furnace is
Pa., on March 21, aged 59 years. The the third of a scries of booklets which
late Mr. Taylor was the pioneer of scien-
Belt Conveyors. The Jeffrey Manu- have beenissued by the Harbison-
tific shop management and methods, and facturing Co., of Columbus, Ohio, have Walker Refractories Co., Pittsburgh,
he devoted the greater part of his career issued a new belt conveyor bulletin No. Pa. This is a most interesting and in-
to the study and application of his 167. This bulletin contains 24 pages of structive volume, containing a fund of
theories. His work has been of a far- interesting illustrations and descriptive information on malleable practice, writ-
reaching character, and has revolution- matter which give a comprehensive idea ten in simple language. It aims to pres-
ized factory management. Mr. Taylor of the wide variety and adaptability of ent the vital points in as clear and con-
collaborated with Maunsel White in the the Jeffrey belt conveyer equipments for cise a form as possible, so that a fair
discovery of the Taylor-White process handling practically all kinds of ma- understanding of the principles involved
of heat treatment. terials. A free copy will be gladly sent in connection with the production of
to intending purchasers of elevating and malleable iron may be readily acquired
conveying machinery. by those not familiar with the scientific
Catalogues Saw Sharpening Machines. Honey-
aspect of such work. The booklet con-
Semi-Muffle Furnaces for case hard- tains six chapters, describing in a com-
will London, England, have is-
Bros.,
ening, annealing, carbonizing, beat prehensive manner the characteristics
sued a catalog dealing with an automa-
treating, general hardening and heating and properties of malleable iron and its
tic saw sharpening machine, which is
work, are described in a bulletin issued manufacture. The micro-structure of
fully described and accompanied by a
by the Gilbert & Barker Mfg. Co., malleable iron, also air and annealing
specification. The illustrations show
Springfield, Mass. furnaces are dealt with. The forty-nine
the machine with the necessary attach-
illustrations consist principally of a
Flexible Shafts for drilling, grinding ments for grinding, circular, frame and
number of interestingphotographs of
and buffing operations are described in band saws. A representative list of The
fractures and photomicrographs.
bulletin No. 54, being distributed by the tooth profiles which can be sharpened
booklet contains 112 pages and is a high-
Stow Mfg. Binghampton, N.Y. These
Co., on this machine is included among the
class production, being printed on coated
flexible shafts areshown in combination illustrations. One view shows a ma-
paper and bound in attractive covers.
with electric motors and particulars arc chine sharpening a circular saw six feet
given of two types. Tlie Stow two- in diameter. The Buffalo Forge Co., Buffalo, N.Y.,
spindle drill is also described.
Brass Foundry Ectuipment. A new 48- has recently published a series of bul-
letins and catalogues which contain much
Exide Batteries, type Z for motor pago bulletin of more than ordinary
useful data on fans and blowers. Cata-
cycle service, are described in a bulletin merit is being distributed by Frederic
logue No. 200 describes the Buffalo
recently issued by the Canadian General B. Stevens, of Detroit, Mich., and Wind-
planoidal fans, a modification and im-
Electric Co., Toronto. A
full and de- sor, Ont. All equipment required in a
provement on tlie older type of steel
tailed description is given of this bat- brass foundry is dealt with in its pages,
plate heating and ventilating fans with
tery covering its construction and light- including furnaces, blowers, crucible
a comparatively small number of radial
ing capacity. Tables are Included giving tongs, core ovens, sprue cutters, mag-
Niagara
blades. Catalogue 201 deals with
the principal dimensions of each tj'pe. netic separators, flasks, etc. Each line
conoidal fans, and catalogue 182-E is a
is illustrated and carefully described, and
Brass Foundry Ec[uipment. Tlio accompanied by dimensions where neces-
collection, for convenient reference, of
AVliiting Foundry Fqui]iinont Co., Har- the various types of blowers and exhaust
sary. Special reference is made to the
vey, 111., has just issued a new bulletin fans, which are regularly built for direct
various types of crucible furnace using
No. 114, dealing with equipment for connection to motors. This includes
coke, gas or oil fuel.
brass foundries. Among the lines de- everything from large ventilating and
scribed are brass melting furnaces. The
Jeffrey Mfg. Co., of Columbus, drying fans down to the little "Baby"
cranes, crucible tongs, and tumblers. Ohio, have recently issued a new 48- conoidals for ventilation of moving pic-
Each product is illustrated and table? j)a'4e bulletin. No. 147, illustrating and ture booths and drying cabinets, also
give dimensions.
the principal Copies describing the prominent features ofl electric blowers for single forge fires,
will be mailed free on ro((uest to those their complete line of swing hammer pul- which take less than half the horse-
interested. verizers, givina: full information rcsard- power of an ordinary electric lamp.
I
.^ .
1
II , J
'
.I, I ..
The
Book Reviews
Canadian Mining Manual for
series of reviews of the
in the various
tion for 1913.
mining industry
provinces with the produc-
A list of mining com-
))anies operating in Canada is included
MONARCH
1914, by Rcuinald G. Hore, editor of the
Canadian Mining Journal, published by with particulars of each concern. The
"Steele Harvey" I
tlie Mines Publishing Co.. Toronto. This concluding pages contain a list of Can-
is the first issue of the manual since it adian mining companies arranged in or- Tilting Crucible
was taken over by the present publish-
ers although several years have elapsed
der according to product. The manual
is fully illustrated and will form a use- FURNACE
since its inception. The manual con- ful book of reference for those interested
tains 273 pages, and gives much valuable in Canadian minerals and tlie mining
industry.
GETS RE-ORDERS
and reliable information concerning the
mineral resources and the mining indus-
FROM THE LARGEST
try of Canada. Tlie opening pages are
Electric Elevators, by Elmer G. Hend-
erson; 90 pages, 71/2 in. X 5 in. Published
OF FOUNDRIES
devoted to descriptions of the chief min-
eral products of Canada, eiving particu-
by the Joseph G. Branch Publishing Co., BECAUSE
Chicago, 111. Price, $1 post-paid. This
lars regarding location of the deposits
book deals with the construction and
it makes good our claim
and output for 191.3. The illustrations that it will reduce melt-
operation of electric elevators in a prac-
in this section are colored to correspond
tical way, all technical matter having ing costs 50%, improve
witli the natural color of. the metal or
mineral and form an interesting feat-
been avoided where possible. The author quality and increase
is a practical elevator constructor, and output
ure. The sueceedins' pages contain a
is thus able to treat the subject in a
This furnace is for melting
manner which should be readily under-
"all metals" high or low tem-
stood by those engaged in the construc- perature.
tion and operation of elevators. It will,
therefore, be inferred that the book was
Burns any fuel desired Oil,
Gas, Coal or Coke.
written for this class of reader. The
book contains twelve chapters. The first
three deal with elevators of various
types, including the different arrange-
ments of the mechanical and electrical
equipment and the counter-balancing of
elevator motors. The following two
chapters deal with the construction of
D.C. and A.C. motors. In chapters 6,
Our Analysis 7 and 8 the construction of various types
of your materials will of controller are described and their re-
enable you to keep quality lation to the operation of the elevator
uniform and plug many dealt with fully. Governor and push-
button devices are described in chapters
profit leaks.
9 and 10, while chapter 11 contains an
Give us a trial. Our prices are extract from the Chicago building or-
[reasonable, and we guarantee dinances. The concluding chapter con-
prompt and accurate work Jot down a line for catalog
I) tains a number of useful electrical and full information now.
Canadian Laboratories tables. The book contains 41 illustra-
tions carefully indexed, while in addi-
Limited
tion there is the usual table of contents.
THE MONARCH
24 Adelaide St. W..
Toronto The book is practical, covers the subject ENGINEERING & MFG. CO.
J. A. Morton, Manager
thoroughly and contains much useful in- AMERICAN BUILDING
1200-1206
formation for those engaged upon elec- BALTIMORE, MD., U.S.A.
tric elevator construction.
Fnmacea. Ladle Stoppera, I^adle Noaalea, Bammlnr Plates and Maahtnea. Steel Bars, all kinds.
and Sleevea (Oraphlte).
Webster
Hamilton
&
Facing
Sons, Ltd.,
MUl Oo., Ltd..
Montreal.
Canadian tngarsoD-Band Co., Ltd., Dob. Iron ft Steel Co., Sydaar, HA
J. W. PaxsonCo., Philadelphia, Pa. Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Hamilton. Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Northern Crane Works. Ltd., Walker-
Seldel. R. B., PUladelpbU.
Hawley Down Draft Fumae* Co., McOnlloeb-Dalzell Crucible Campany, Sterens. F. B.. Detroit. Mich. rille, Ont
Easton, Pa. Morris Crane Hoist
Pittsburg, Pa. Herbert ft Co,,
Monarch Eng. &
Mfg. Co.. Baltimore.
'Webster & Sons, Limited, Montreal. Ltd., Toronto.
J. W. PaxKon Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Retorts. I. W. Paxson Co.. PhUarie'-t-ia. Pa.
SteTens. F. B., Detroit, Mleb.
Kqaljiment Co., Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, MIc*-
Whiting FonndiT Meltinr Pota. Jonathan Bartley Craotble Co., Tren- Foundry Erjipme.
Harroy. 111.
Whiting '.
Co..
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. ton, N.J. Harrey, 111.
Hamilton Facing Mills Co.. Ltd.,
Hamilton, Ont. Riddles.
Farnacea, Bnaaa. Monarch Eng. ft Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Talc.
H. 8. Carter A Co., Toronto.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Sterena, F. B., Detroit. Mich. Hamilton Facing Mm Os., Ltd.,
Webster ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
E. J. Woodlson Co., TorcDto. Hamilton. Ont
Hamilton Facing MIH Co., Ltd., J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd., Ham-
HamiltoQ, Ont. Metaliorrtata. Sterens, F. B., Detroit Mich. Uton. Ont
Hawley Down Dnft Fninaee Co., Webster ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal. E. T. Woodlson Co.. Toronto.
Ihiatoa, Pa. Canadian La:boratorles, Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia. Pa,
Uooareh Kag. tt Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Charles C. Eawln Co.. Toronto.
J. W. Paxioo Co.. Pbtladdpiila, Pa. Frankel Bros.. Toronto. RoslB.
tTai. r. B., Detroit, UUk. Toronto Testing Laboratoriea. Toniate. TeeratoK Crncibles and Funnels.
Wbltlng Fonnarr Equipment Co., Webster ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Harrer, ni. McCiilloch-Daltell Crucible Company,
MIIlTlIIe OraTel.
Pittsburg, Pa.
H. 8. Carter ft Co., Toronto. Roore.
Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co., W. W. Welli^ ronmta,
Uixera. Track, Overhead.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Sand Blast Maehlsary. Webster ft Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Northern Crane Works. Ltd.. Walker-
Graphite Prodnct*. Canadian IngeisoU-Rand Co., Ltd., rille, Ont
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Montreal. Herbart Morris Crane ft Hoist Co.,
Hamilton, Ont, Moldera' Toola. OadB. Niagara Derlce Co., Bridgebnig, Ltd., Toronto.
Jonathan Bartltr Crucible Co., Tren- H. 8. Carter ft Co., Toroatak Ont J, W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
ton, N.J. Wm. Dobson, Canastota, N.T. Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., 8t Whiting Foundry Equipment Co..
MeCtilloeb-Dalxell Crucible Companr, Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Lnuls, Mo. Harrey, 111.
PltUburg, Pa. Sterens.Frederio B., Datnrit. Webster ft Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Webster &
Sons, Limited, Montreal. Hamilton Facing IfiOa Oo XM. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.
Hamilton, Oat. TTsmllton. Tripoli.
TilRhman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co.,
Orindera, Dlac, Bench, Swln(. Philadelphia, Pa. W. W. Wells, Toronto.
Ford Salth Uanbine Oo., Haailtao Holding Haeblnea. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa.
Ont. Olereland Pneumatia Tool Co. ef Sterens, F. B., Detroit Mld>.
Peifeet Haeniaety 0. Oait, Oat. Canada, Toronto. Trolleys and Trolley Systems.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Con. Fairbanks-Morse Co.. Montreal.
Hamilton Facing Mills Co., Ud., Sand Blast Rollins Barrels.
Helmets, Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St
Hamilton, Ont. Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co., Mo.
I/Oiili,
Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co., Sterens, Frederio B., Dotnit.
Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Webster ft Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
Midland Machine Co.. Detroit. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ham-
Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadelphia. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T.
ilton. Ont.
Hoisting and Conrejtag Northern Crane Works, Ltd.. Walker-
Machinery. Moldinc Sand. Sand Blast Deylcea. rUIe, Ont
J. W. PaxKon Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
A. R. Williams Macby. Co., Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Can. Niagara Derlce Co., BrMgabwrg. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co..
Northern Crane Worki, WalkarriUa. Hamilton Facing Mills Co., Ltd., Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co., Harrey. 111.
Wblting Foundry Bqulimient Co., Hamilton, Ont. Philadelphia, Pa.
Harrey, lU. J. W. Paxson Co.. Phfladelphla, Pa.
Hertwrt Monis Crane Holtt Co., A Sterens, Frederic B., Detroit. Tracks, Dryer and Factory.
Ltd., Toronto. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T. Sand Molding.
H. 8. Carter ft Co., Toronto, Webster ft Sops, Ltd., Montreal,
Hoiata, Slectrlc, Pneamatlc. Molding Siftera. Webster ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton Facing MUl Co.. Ltd., Ham-
Hamilton Fadng Mill Co., Ltd., ilton, Ont
A. R. WUllanu Machy. Co., Toronto. Webster ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa.
Oamtdlan IngeraoU-Rand Co., Ltd., Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T. Hamilton, Ont
Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. Mich.
Montreal. J. W. Paxson Co., Phfladelphla, Pa. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Cleveland Pneumatic Fool Co. o( Sterens, F. B., Detroit Mich.
Ovens for Coro-bakIll|r aad Harvey. 111.
Canada, Toronto.
Curtla Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. Drying.
St. Loula. Mo. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Sand Sifters.
Tumblers.
Herbert Morris Crane ft Holtt Co., Whiting Foundry Equipment
Toronto.
Ltd..
Oa., H. 8. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Harrey, pi. i Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., lAA.. H. 8. Carter ft Co.. Toronto.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Iifontrea]. Webster & Sons, Limited, Montreal,
Northern Crane Works, WalkerrUIe.
B. J. Woodlson Co., Toronto. Oil and Oaa Famaeea. Webster ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Foundry HamUtnn Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
Whiting Eqairment Co., Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. HsniUton. Ont. Turntables.
Harrey, Ul. Hamilton Facing Co., Mm
Ltd., J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. H. S. Carter ft Co.. Toronto.
Hamilton. Sterens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Monarch Eug. ft Mfg. Co.. Baltiraore.
,
Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal,
Hoiata, Hand, Trolley. WMtlng Foundry Bquipmeat Oo., Northern Crane Works, WalkerrUIe.
J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia. Pa. Harrey, 111.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Sterens, Frederio B.. Detroit. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.
Northern Crane Works, WalkerrUIe. Stevens, F;' B,, Detroit. Mich.
Herlwrt Morris Crahe ft Hoist Co., Saws, Hack. Whiting Foimdry Equipment Co..
Ltd., Toronto. Patterns, Metal and Wood. Harvey, 111.
Wblting Foundry Equipment Co., Ford-Smith Machine Co., HaaHton.
Harrey, 111.
Wells Pattern ft Machine Works,
Limited. Toronto,
(luelph Pattern Works. Ouelph. Ont. Sieves. Tent. Wax.
Hoae and Conpllara. F. W. Qulnn. Hamilton, Ont H. 8. Carter ft Co.. Toronto.
Webster ft Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Can. Niagara Derlee Co., Brldgebnrg, Stevens, F, B., Detroit Mich.
Ont. Pattern Shop Equipment. United Compoimd Co., Buffalo, N.T.
32 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
I
"^ ^^^ The Hawlev Down Draft Furnace Co.
Easton, Penn., U.S.A.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
Bailey & Son. R 4 Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd. ... 27 Paxson Co., J. W Front Cover
Brown Specialty Machinery Co. ... 1 Kawin Co., Charles C Robeson Process Co.. Inside Back Co\cr
Dominion Iron & Steel Co 6 McLain's System 1 Webster & Sons, Ltd
Dobson, Wm 29 Midland Machine Co 3 Outside Back Cover
Gibb, Alex 2 Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co 29 Wells, W. W 4
Gautier, J. H., & Co 2 Northern Crane Works 4 Wells Pattern & Machine Works . . 2
CANADIAN F UNDRYMAN
MAKING
PATTERNWILLARD By G. H.
THE price of flour is abnormally
ith .Vdditional Cliaiitcrs on
high and its use for foundry pur-
Two Significant <'<>rf-:Making and .Molding
poses is prohibitive; it need not be
Opinions : "WKITTKN SO YOr CAN
"I tbinU the Iiook is L'NDKKST.VNl) IT."
tliebest I ever saw for A book for the man who floes the work.
however, for a partial substitution
the p r i c e." Kilwin Written b.v a practical patternmaker of
Sluyter, iC o n struction many years' experience. Gets right of glutrin will rectify this.
K n jr neer,
i Burroughs down to business in the first chapter
Adding Machine Co., anil keeps it np throughout the book.
Full of kinks and actual working infor-
Detroit. mation. I'rofusely illustrated.
"I c-ousider this is a
valuable b o o k a n il riiapier Headings
Our experts are at your service
should be in the hands
of all men engaged in
this line of business."
1. rattern-.Mnking as a Traile.
Tools. III. Woods.
II. The
IV. .Joints. V.
free of charge, to show you how this
E. W. Chirke. Wilniiiif;- Turning. VI. Turning (Continued). VII.
ton Malleable Iron Co.. Turning (Continued).
(t'onclndeil).
VIII. Tiiniiug
IX. The Circular Saw.
economy may be brought about.
Wilmington. Delaware.
X. T)ie Circular Saw (Continued). XI.
:gBUFFALO BRANDl
DIXON'S CRUCIBLES
make good for both the buyer
VENT WAX AND PATTERN and user. Don't take chances
WAX Write for Booklet No. 27-A.
Made in Jersey City, N.J., by the
Two Essential Requirements.
Joseph Dixon Crucible Company
You will find the VENT WAX ESTABLISHED 1827
The udcertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
CANADIAN FOUNDRY iM AN
CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.
Thr (idrrrtixer would like to know where you saw his adcerti.<ement tell him.
CIRCULATES IN EVERY PROVINCE IN CANADA
^JADIAJ^|9IPEPAIS
Metal Industry News
A Monthly Newspaper Devoted to the Foundry, Patternmaking, Plating and Polishing Fields. Published by The MacLean Publishing
Company Limited. Toronto, Montreal, Winnipeg, and London, England
Absolutely
Selected and
Uniform.
Graded for
the work
r
At every
test it
Every proves
alike. the best.
KAWIN
/>fe /cey io
Grea fer Profit
We arc i)ractical, export fouiidryiiien who
(icvotc oiir ciitiro time and kiiowledg'e t:i
inakiiiii,' touiidrics \yA\ larger dividends.
everything
cquipineut, men, methods
and material are wliat they sliould be for
maxiniuni results at minimum cost.
Our laboratories make chemical analysis of your mate-
rials, but our expert foundrymen instruct you how to
use them. Ijaboratorics operate iiij^lit and day, thus
insuring the promptest service possible.
Many of the largest, as well as the smallest progressive
Cunndries on the continent liavc bten users of Kawin
Service for years does not this fact voice satisfaction
and value?
The advertuer would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
CA NA DIA N F UNDRY :\I AN
Berkshire
Air
Squeezers
Price,
With Air
Attaclmieiit,
$235.00.
Without Air
Attachment,
$185.00.
Did you notice that "The Foundry" and "The Engineering Magazine"
both leaders in Foundry and Machine Shop Progress, state that the
BERKSHIRE MACHINES are the ones used in The Ford Plant to
produce the most wonderful output ever accomplished in any foundry
460 molds per machine in eight hours. Nine machines produce 10,000
castings daily, averaging 3.6 pounds each. The Ford Company have con-
tinued to install these machines for the past four years. Hundreds of these
machines in use by the largest Automobile Factories in the world is there
any better proof of their efficiency?
Send us a sample of the casting you wish to make and we will give you an
estimate of what can be done.
7/ what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN F UNDRY :^I AN
S 1 1
C-^ i ^^
\ With the coming of spring a noticeable change has taken place, and
all the signs are hopeful. There are many indications that business is
gradually returning to normal, and we look for a steady improvement.
\ "Banks' Position Very Exceptional," says the Financial Post"Sav-
ings Deposits much higher than heretofore," "Business outlook more
cheerful Crop reports contimie to be excellent."
H
The once familiar sign "Help Wanted"
is again coming into more general use, and
we know of no more encouraging sign of the
HELP WANTED times than this. A Toronto daily paper,
noted as a "want ad" medium, reports a
heavv increase in advertisements classified
as "Help Wanted."
\ With the gradual return to normal, and very likely unexampled pros-
perity, there will be a proportionate increase in the purchasing power of
Canadian industiies. This should suggest prompt action in influencing
that particular share of business which, under proper conditions, should
belong to YOU.
\ The wise farmer sowshis seed in the spring time, and takes his chances
on the harvest. Don't wait until you see the other fellows reaping their
harvest before you start your campaign of seeding and cultivating. You
can't hustle around, sow your seed, and force a crop in a few weeks. It
just can't be done.
jI a half-page well planted now will yield greater returns than a full
page hurriedly sown when the harvest should be ripe.
\ Why not take advantage of the signs of the times, and commence a
steady campaign in CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
at once'? You will
find our readers in a receptive mood and ready to consider your message.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
143 UNIVERSITY AVE. TORONTO, ONTARIO
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
CA NA 1) T A N FO UN DRY M A N
AIR
Dolivci'cd by volume, not by pressure,
may b(^ a new idea with some investi-
gators, but it is an old story with us
McLain has taught all this and mueli
more on the cupola for 15 years. Ask
our students.
GLENBOIG AND GARTCOSH
BRANDS Our Way is the Scientific Way
These bi-ii-ks are capable of willistaiuling the highest
heat without melting c-lmiiges of temperature without
That means the best way, and points
expansion or contraction and the consequent splitting that certain investigators are just now
the Gartcosh Branrl is the ouly Scotch firebrick ap-
proaching the Glenboig in quality. Users should insist getting wise to and call "discoveries,"
on getting these brands and should also be sure tn
use the same brands of clay to get the best results. McLain found out and put on record
WRITE FOR LITERATURE. years ago.
POSITION
Canadian Foundryman FIRM
143-149 University Avenue, Toronto ADDRESS
5-15
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
N. J., by the
i'l
Joseph
Each of these men built their
Dixon
machines and tested them thor-
Crucible
oughly in their own foundries.
Company ,3,
overcome.
Both Succeeded!
Si i
I
*
Write to-day.
Brown Specialty
Machinery Co.
2448 West 22nd Street
CHICAGO
wMHwM
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
POWER SQUEEZERS
Increase your Ca- Made in three designs
pacity at a lower
and sizes P o
a b e r t 1
Crucibles of Quality
Tilting Furnace
UNIFORM CRUCIBLES
Our Specialty.
Service and Durability
Ensures Economy.
Catalogue on request
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CA XA 1) r AN F C) rX I) RY MAN
"WABANA"
MACHINE CAST PIG IRON
i Cast in specially shaped moulds to permit of
S SALES OFFICES :
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertiseraent tell him.
MOND NICKEL CO. REFINING 180 degs. C, when the nickel is deposited tainable in commercial quantities. The
PLANT. in metallic form. process is a continuous one, and large
BEING and
a purely British corpora- The following diagram illustrates the quantities of coal are required for it,
view of
tion, in the fact that five operations involved in the Mond full advantage being taken of the situa-
the ore is mined and smelted in process :
tion of the refining works, which are in
Empire territory by the Mond Nickel
Co., it is only natural to expect that
the refining or ultimate process, whereby
the nickel product becomes a marketable
commodity, should also take place with-
in the like bounds.
for fat-hardening purposes. and iron, and since then improvements rods in steam engines and drills.
in the process have been made continu-
Company's Village at Clydach The value of nickel steel for armour
ally.
when cemented and face-hardened,
plates,
The Mond Nickel Co. have done much Nickel Steel.
consists not only in its greater resistance
in the interest and comfort of their em-
Nickel steel has many uses and is con- to penetration, but in its non-43issibility.
ployees. With this object in view they stantly finding new applications. Steel So completely is this recognized, that
erected a model village near the refining
containing from 21/2 per cent, to 31/2 per since the Washington Navy Yard first
works at Clydach, where comfortable
cent, of nickel has certain of its pro- began experimenting with nickel steel in
and distinctive accommodation is pro-
perties greatly improved, so that in many 1876, every country in the world has
vided for the workmen and their directions it is replacing ordinary struc- come to rely on nickel steel for the
families.
tural steel. The following table, which armour-plating of ships
its first-class
The social activities of Clydach. Vil-
shows a comparison of carbon and nickel be men- may
of war. Incidentally, it
lage centre round its club, which was
structural steels gives some idea as to tioned here that nickel prepared by the
opened, in January, 1909, and that it has
its superiority: Mond Nickel Co. is largely used in the
fully justified its existence. is shown by
the fact that it can boast of over 500
Characteristics. Med. Carb. Strength Med. Nickel Steel
members. The club house itself was
Percentage of carbon 0.20 0:38
built by the company at a cost of nearly
Percentage of Ni 3.50
$20,000, its main feature being a large
Elastic limit (lbs. per sq. inch) 30,000 (Min.) 60.000(Min.)
concert hall with seating accomniodation
Ultimate strength (lbs. per sq. inch) 60,000 (Min.) 105,000(Min.)
for 450, wherein fortnightly concerts are
Modulus of elasticity 29.000.000 30,000,000
held throughout the winter. Admission
Safe working stress in tension (ll)s. per
is free and members are entitled to in-
sq. in.) 16.000 28,000
troduce their friends. There are also a
billiard room with two tables, and air-
rifle range, a photographic dark room, Perhaps the most important use to manufacture of armour-plates for the
a reading room, a refreshment room and which nickel is put is for the manufac- British Government.
the usual committee rooms. ture of armour and heavy ordnance,
Nickel Steel for Bridge Building.
In the club library, winch is well stock- where its great strength and toughness
have proved of great value. It has been There is also an increasing demand
ed with excellent works of fiction, bio-
for nickel steel for the building of
graphy, travel, science, etc.. there are used for enuines and propeller shafts for
bridges. Nickel steel is being used for
more than 1,000 volumes from which the rebuilding of the Quebec bridge
members can make their selection, while, wliich collapsed so disastrously a few
in the reading room, teclinical publica-
years ago. It also entered largely into
tions, the leading daily newspapers, as
the construction of the Manhattan bridge
well as weekly and montlily journals, are
at New York. This is the heaviest sus-
provided for their entertainment.
pension bridge in existence, and for its
The Clydach club is not limited by leneth the heaviest bridge of any kind
four walls, its activities extending far in the world. Althou<ih its span is 140
beyond the actual club house. For in- feet less than the span of the big canti-
stance, affiliated to the club ;ire foot- levers of the Forth Bridge, the enor-
ball, cricket, hockey and curling sections, mous load which the bridge is designed
and members of a musical tiirn of mind to carry calls for aweight of cables and
'>
innumerable, and although the import- a number of years and has proved so make the trusses actually cheaper than
ance of pure nickel is growins' daily, the much superior to other steels that it is if they were built entirely of ordinary
chief use of tlie metal is in tlie produc- now considered unrivalled for such pur- structural steel. The weieht of steel in
tion of alloys, particularly nickel steel. poses. On account of the increase in the superstructure from anchorage to
:
anchorage exclusive of the cables, is 10,- wagons as used by the French Army paratively clieaj), of handsome appear-
500 tons of carbon steel and 8,000 tons since 1898. ance, not liable to oxidation or alteration
of nickel steel. The weight of the cables Currency by any chemical agent; and it must be
is 6,300 tons and the total weight of A great many countries have adopted not too difficult to mould, roll, punch and
steel in the whole bridge, including nickel or nickel allov for the raanufac- stamp; be capable of taking a good im-
anchor chains, cables, towers, and sus- pression of the die, durable in wear and
pended span, is 42,000 tons. The follow- difficult to counterfeit.
ing paragraplis show the approximate Formerly, pure copper was most fre-
saving in weight and cost of bridges ef- quently used for the commoner coins in
fected by the use of nickel steel nearly all countries. It is cheap and
Mixed nickel and carbon steel saving easy to work, but very liable to oxidation
in weight up to 25 per cent; saving in and too soft. Moreover, the risk of
cost up to 17 per cent. counterfeiting can scarcely be avoided,
Nickel steel is especially suitable for the disadvantages of those made of pure
motor car parts, because it possesses copper.
high tenacity and is very durable and German silver, which is an alloy of
has a remarkable co-efficient of expan- nickel, copper and zinc, has been used
sion. For this same reason it is partic- for coins in various states of South
ularly well adapted for steel rails, and America, but although better than cop-
in places liable to special stress it is per and bronze, it oxidizes too readily
much used. For instance, it is estimated and soon loses its bright appearance.
that in a sharp curve one nickel steel German silver, with an addition of pure
rail has a life as long as that of four silver, was tried by the Swiss Govern-
rails made of ordinary steel. ment, but the coins made of this alloy
Nickel steel is also used in wire cables, OFPICIALLY TESTED ARMOR PLATE soon became yellowish and unsiglitly, and
l^OR BATTLESHir MADE BY SIR. W. G.
torpedo defence netting, electric lamp ARMSTRONG, WHITWORTH CO. MONO Switzerland has since adopted pure
wire, corset wire, mountings of lenses,
Mf'KEL USED IN MANUFACTURE, nickel and nickel alloy for its coinage.
mirrors, balances for clocks, weighing ture of small currency, for the reason Small copper coins coated with silver
machines, springs, cutlery, harness that only nickel and nickel alloy com- have been used in many countries, but
mounting, boiler tubes, axles, brake- pletely fulfil the requirements of such the silver coating soon wore off and the
beams and transoms for field artillcrv ciirrennv. The meta! used must be com- appearance of the coins became so paltry
PROJECTILES MADE FROM NICKEL STEKL, MANUFACTURED BY HADPIELD'S STEEL FOUNDRY CO., SHEFFIELD, ENG-
LAND. MONO NICKEL USED FOR NICKEL STEEL.
84 CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
and the dirt stuck to tliem to such a de- back that the enamel coating is liable to it is extremely sensitive to the action
gree that many countries in which they chip. Thus, when damaged enamel uten- of heat, and vessels of aluminum unfilled
were in use discarded them altogether. sils are used the food comes into contact with water frequently melt if they are
The first experiments with alloys of with the iron and is apt to acquire a l)ut on a strong gas flame or fire. More-
nickel and copper were made in the metallic flavor. There is also the great
United States and Belgium. The compo- danger of detached chips of enamel be-
sitions varied from 10 per cent, nickel ing swallowed with the food.
and 90 per cent, copper to 50 per cent, Copper cooking utensils undergo strong
nickel and 50 per cent, copper. In both oxidation, and can only be used provided
these countries and later in several they have a thick inside coating of tin.
others (including- Germany) it has been This coating wears away very rapidly
proved that an alloy of 25 per cent. and has often to be renewed thus there
;
nickel and 75 per cent, copper possesses is always the danger of the formation of
to a high degree the qualities desirable poisonous copper salts which dissolve in
for material for small currency. Coius the liquid food. Copper utensils under
of this alloy being harder than bronze, any circumstances mean a great deal of
the material being much dearer, and work for the kitchen staff, for every time
gi'eater skill and a powerful plant being after use they must be not only washed,
required to work them, it is practically but scoured to remove the discolorations
impossible for counterfeiters to produce caused by the fire. One of the main ad-
imitations witli any chance of success. vantages of the use of nickel kitchen
It is only a few years ago tliat a pro- utensils is that they do not require tin-
cess was discovered to roll, hammer an.l ning.
stamp pure nickel, and already the gov-
ernments of Austria-Hungary, Italy.
Switzerland, Denmark. Montenegro, Mex-
ico and other countries are being sup-
AU.MV FIELD KITCHEN INTERIOR FIT-
TINGS OF PURE NICKEL.
plied with coins of this metal. These
coins are the most excellent that have over, the constant recurrence of a dull
ever been made, are most durable in gray layer of oxide necessitates constant
wear, they never oxidise and it is simply scouring; and aluminum, being exceed-
out of the question to endeavor to coun- ingly soft, requires specially careful and
terfeit them successfully. How wide- delicate handling in operation.
this
spread is the use of nickel and nickel Aluminum is also dissolved in liquid food
alloy for small currency can be seen by and forms metallic salts which may
the following table of the countries sduietiines be poisonous.
which have adopted nickel coinage: All the dangers and disadvantages en-
Argentine .Tapan umerated are entirely absent from nickel
Austria-Hungary .Tamaira
Belgium Klafchaow utensils. Pure nickel does not oxidise
Bolivia LnspmUourg like iron, copper or aluminum; it is
Bulgaria Mexico
Brazil .Montenegro harder than these metals, and is there-
Ceylon The Netherlai ds AK.MY COOKING CHEST M'ADE OK PUltl':
Congo Nigeria NICKEL. fore much more durable; it may be,
Chile Peru therefore, described as positively inde-
Columbia Portugal
Corea I'ersia Nor do cooking utensils made of alum- structible. Pure nickel utensils, more-
Costa Rica Paraguay inum provide a satisfactory substitute
Crete i'liillipine
over, when worn beyond possibility of
Denmark Panama lor copper or iron. Tlie melting point of further service, still retain a high metal
Egypt Roumania
Ecuador K<>union aluminum is comparatively low, so that \ iiluc.
France Servia
Germany Switzerland
Greece Siam
Guadaloupe Salvador
Guatemala United States of
Hayti America
Honduras Uruguay
India T'ganda
Italy Venezuela
Kitchen Utensils-
The remarkable properties of nickel,
which approaches the precious metals iu
its chemical powers of resistance, while
far exceeding them in hardness and tough-
ness, have in later years led to its em-
ployment, firstly for cooking utensils and
kitchen ware, and secondly in an ever-
increasing degree, for cookers, dishes,
basins, baths, crucibles, stills and hollow
vessels of every description used through-
out the technical arts.
Indeed, as a metal for cooking utensils,
nickel is the ideal. Tinned or "tin" ves-
coated with tin) are most-
sels (sheet iron
ly thin and very liable to injury, while
enamelled vessels have the ereat draw- ARMY FIELD KITCHEN INTFRU R FITTINGS OF PURE NICKEL.
:
C.\ S A 1) I A N VO r N \)\l Y .M A N 85
Field Kitchen Appliances. work to be done. A founder who was Whiting are made adjustable, but my
From the ordinary barrack's cooker, it casting very large cylinders told me that experience of adjustable tuyeres is that
is only a short step to the manufacture he had worked a furnace without a re- if we work for a time with one row only
of field kitchen appliances, for, owing to ceiver, but having ti'ied a receiver he and then try to use the second row, they
the great strain and rough treatment to would not now do without it. One ob- can not be got open.
which militarj- cooking appliances are ex- vious advantage of a receiver was that I consider it an advantage to have a
posed, they must be made of a material: a foundry with a particularly small out- second row, but only big enough to sup-
(a) Which possesses sufficient put, but with occasionally a large cast- ply sufficient air to burn the gases which
strength and durability to withstand ing and requiring very clean work, were formed below. This is better than
even the i-ouah handling inevitable in the could gather the metal and so utilize letting the gases go up and burn by ad-
field. the small cupola with advantage in mak- mitting air at the charging door. The
(b)- Not liable to injury, even if the ing the large casting. There was thus latter was quite a common practice at
cooker be wrongly heated i.e., when avoided the necessity of having two some foundries, but when one saw a
empty or insufficiently filled. cupolas, one of which would be most of (lame 9 or 10 ft. long coming out at the
(c)
Which is faultless from a hy- the time standing idle. That considera- top of a cupola the inference was that
gienic standpoint, and precludes every tion, to my
mind, covered the question, the owner either had a lot of money to
possibility of injury to health. though also to be noted that, with
it is bum or did not know how to run a fur-
(d) Which does not require repair a receiver, one can have the tuyeres nace. The second row of tuyeres should
in field such aswould inevitably happen nearer the bottom than if the metal had serve to burn the gases, but not to burn
with copper and iron, owing to the neces- the coke, though it is probable that
sity of re-tinning. some of the coke also would be burned.
Pure nickel alone is capable of re- As far as I know, there is no melting
RECRUITING FOR MUNITIONS. in the cupola now done by gas. In ex-
spondiiis' to varied requirements.
these
The field-kitchens for military purposes perimenting with tlie latter some years
A new recruiting poster has
are designed in such a way that they can ajgo, the ash-bed was filled up with coke
made appearance all over Lon-
its
pi-epare the food for 250-260 men in the don, England, calling for recruits
and instead of pure air a mixture of gas
course of a few hours, even during of "any age, any measurements,
and air was played on to the bed. I
marches. melted 2,800 lbs. practically without
any medical qualifications or dis-
A further article for tlic efficient feed- qualifications," so long as they
wastage of the coke: the cupola melted
ing of troops, especially mountain troops. slowly, but hot, and I took out prac-
are good mechanics or capable of
is the cooking-chest. This consist of a tically as much coke as I put in. That,
doing any of the work necessary
pure nickel field kettle of about 5.72 of course, was not melting altogether
for turning out war munitions.
gallons capacity, together with an iron by gas, because a bed of coke was used.
Men who volunteer for this ser-
under-frame for heating. The kettle and Contour of Linings.
vice will register their names with
heartli or under-frame telescope into each
the recruiting officers, but they There are many different opinions as
other and are put into a chest made of
willbe employed directly by the to the best form. The tendency is to-
veneered wood, lined witli asbestos
armament firms, not by the Gov- wards a perfectly vertical section, the
straw, oil-paper and cork. Tlie eliest is
ernment. The recruiting officers cylindrical form. One often wishes that
fitted in such a way as fully to retain
thus become a sort of labor ex- we could get the linings of cupolas to
lieat. Some hours before the meal is r'^-
change for the firms which are pro- last as long as
those of blast
did
quired. the food is heated to boiling tem-
ducing shells, rifles and other furnaces. I have
seen a blast furnace
perature, and the kettle is then put into
necessaries of war. The new post- which ran for eleven years without re-
the chest: the latter ch>sed and mounted
er appeal is headed, "The Man lining, but in the more modern blast
on the saddle, and during transport tlio
the Army Wants Now." and bears furnace they are going back more to the
food becomes thorouuldy cooked. T!ip
a sketch of an artisan at work. type of the cupola. There was no doubt
design of the chest is so ingenious that
that in a wide blast furnace carbon was
after 18 hours with an oxitside teraper.i-
deposited on tlie walls and so preserved
tnre of .SO deg. F., the food is still found
to l)e gatlicred in the cupola itself.
them, whereas in a blast furnace of the
tn liave n temperature of 182 deg. F. It
cupola type no carbon was deposited on
should, however, be borne in mind that
the walls.
witli a receiver more work was required
CUPOLA DEVELOPMENT AND to get the complete apparatus ready for I iiiU'c seen one water-cooled
nnlv
cupola, that in a works, and the
steel
OPERATION. melting tlian was necessary when tliere
was no receiver. wastage of the lining there amounted
By R. Buchanan.
from 12 in. to 15 in. in a week, so that
In the Machiel cupola the receiver
WITH respect to those types of furnace
was really the bottom part of the each week the lining, from the melting
which were drawn in at the bottom, I zone up to the charging door, had to be
cupola. There was a bridge extending
have made up my mind that this fea- renewed. In the ordinary cupola fre-
over four-fifths of the bottom, and
ture Avas an advantage, and have often quent renewals are, of course, necessary,
everything was kept up by that bridge.
debated whether the saving of coke but it does not seem that it should be an
The metal when melted remained in the
effected was not more than counter- receiver and was gathered there. I pre- absolute impossibility to design a
balanced by the cost of the extra labor cupola, the lining of which would last at
fer that cupola, as it is possible to get
required in fettling, to say nothing of least n week without requiring any re-
exceedingly hot metal with a compara-
the risk of hanging up just where the newal.
tively very small expenditure of coke
contraction of the contour started. Blast Pressure.
but the coke and the debris has to be
Receiver Feature. drawn out at the end of the cast, where- With regard to blast pressure, it has
With regard to having a recei\'er, as in drop-bottom types the bottom can been shown that as the blast is in-
opinion among foundrymen is very be dropped, and the cleaning out takes creased the hardness increased. A few
varied. To my mind the question whe- very little time. The Whiting cupola years ago it was pretty generally
ther or not a cupola should have a re- has two rows of tuyeres, whereas the thought that the more air was blown in
ceiver depends largely upon the class of Thwaites has three. The tuveres in the the better: but that idea was wron?.
.
86 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
One foundryman known to me used a the sample will stand up when placed to France, 2,747,861 pounds, and Eng-
22-oz. blast, object being to get a
his in the furnace. The pyrometer is then land, 1,882,499 pounds.
very close-grained metal, but in such a foeussed on the tip of the triangle, and Shipments for two weeks have been
case it would be better to select a dif- the temperature at which it melts as follows:
ferent metal to begin with and use an (960.88 deg. C.) observed. April 10. April 3.
easier blast instead of using a soft iron France 2.747,861 2,713,-523
and then hardening it by heavy blowing. England 1,882,499 6,242,436
On the hand, another foundry
other E. H. MUMFORD DEAD. Scotland- 168,066
used 1,700 lbs. of scrap to 560 lbs. of E. H. MUMFORD, very prominent and Norway 11,000
pig, and the castings came out quite well known the molding machine
in Sweden 448.062
soft, a 4-oz. or 5-oz. blast being used. manufacturing industry, died on April Netherlands , . . 6,141 331,157
That foundry was, in fact, buying coke 18 at his home in Plainfield, N.J., fol- Italy 558,936 784,796
instead of pig-iron. From a recent ad- lowing a short illness. Mr. Mumford Russia
dress before the Birmingham Branch was born in Groton, Mass., 52 years ago. Canada 11,054 372,087
of the British Foundrymen's Associa- He received his education in New Eng- Cuba 2,261 23,065
tion. land, graduating in 1886 from the Massa- Brazil 5,328
chusetts Institute of Technology. In that All others . . 28.374 139,856
year he was one of six members of the
STANDARDIZATION OF THERMO- graduating class who were selected by Total .. ... 5,853,254 10,623,248
-
.
Not one of the least prominent features of the "Safety First" movement is that relating
the improvement of the natural and artificial lighting of our workshops and factories. In
to
the accompanying article, the more important considerations to be accounted, in the matter
of artificial illumination are exhaustively discussed from a variety viewpoint.
WHILE
vance
a
in
very conspicuous
lighting- methods has
ad- liety of conditions,
duces the
good illumination
manufacturing costs by
re-
in-
solve lighting problems, the conclusion
might be drawn that simply a highei- in-
been made by progressive creasing production, raising the quality tensity of light is the answer. Undoubt-
manufacturers, notably in the iron and of workmanship and reducing the num- edly a higher intensity of illumination is
steel industry, there are still a large ber of defective parts and "seconds." needed in most workrooms, but there are
number of manufacturers who seem to
Safety Feature.
other features of equal and sometimes
regard the lighting as an expense to be greater importance. The minimum in-
The question of safety as influenced
reduced to the lowest possible minimum. tensity acceptable generally depends up-
by illumination presents two phases :
direction desirable. As far as possible, thence re-distributed for use. With the hoped that the manufacturers will bo
therefore, the experience gained in well- semi-indirect lighting, the' light source sufficiently awake to their own interests
lighted factories should be utilized in is shaded by a translucent reflector and to take any necessary steps of their own
planning the li^htinor installation. the larger part of the light thrown up- initiative rather than through compul-
Where extensive lighting problems are on the ceilinff or walls for redisiributir.n. sion.
'
STRENGTH OF MANILA ROPE only be overcome with certainty by one GRAPHITE AND STRENGTH OF
FASTENINGS.
method heat treatment after roughing CASTINGS.
NINE methods of fastening Manila rope out and before finishing. The removal THE deleterious effects of graphite
were tested to destruction recently at the of material invariably releases forces were emphasized by Dr. J. E. Stead in
U.S. Watertown Arsenal. Tensile which, so to speak, have bound eacli a recent lecture in Birmingham, Eng-
strength developed varied from 4,140 to land, on "Some Scientific Features of
9,350 lb. per sq. inch. A series of 22 Cast Iron." He described graphite as
of tliese tests, made on three^strand the enemy of the foundryman, and
Manila rope with a diameter of about likened it to thin plates of mica which
0.8-5 in.,and a circumference of 2.G8 in., can be split along their cleavage planes
is described in the Engineering Record. with the utmost ease. He summarized
In addition to fastenings of the types the results of a large number of tests,
illustrated, there were fastenings A, con- undertaken with a view of ascertaining
sisting of an eye-splice with two tucks the influence of graphite on the strength
on each strand eye-splices B of the same
; of castings, in the following table:
character except that for the first two Graphite, Transverse Tenacity,
tucks the full section of the strand was per cent. strength, cwt. tons.
used. For the third tuck about one- 3.00 to 3.25 20.4 8.25
third of the section was cut away, and 2.600 to 2.85 27.1 13.24
for the fourth tuck another third was cut 2.15 to 2.55 31.9 14.54
away, thus producing a splice which tap- 2.00 40.0 above 17.10
ered gradually to the diameter of the None, with 3 per
rope. As a result of the tests, it was cent, silicon 91.0 88.60
concluded that eye-splices are the most He deprecated the rule-of-thumb prac-
satisfactory considering the higli tice which has led foundrymen to adopt
strength which they develop in the speci- a hostile attitude towards types or
men. Their cost is not excessive when grades of pig iron with which they were
compared with many of the fastenings unfamiliar, citing the ease of some irons
which require much more rope to make. of superlative quality which were unsal-
Even with the the
eye-splices, full able and had to be reinserted because
strength of the rope not developed, as
is I - Clove Hitch their fracture presented some unusual
shown by the fact that the fracture al- X- Location of fracture features. He argued that any class of
most always occurs at the inside end oi; MANILLA ROPE FASTENINGS TESTED. iron could be made to yield the results
the splice. The weakness of fastenings desired if only it were "mixed with
appears to 'be caused by the low strength other. The effect of this is often slow, brains"; that even sulphur, sometimes
of rope at small radius bends. The av- and change of form does not occur until considered the foundryman 's worst
erage breaking loads for the different some time after the metal has been re- enemy, could be turned to useful ac-
fastenings are shown in the accompany- moved. count if intelliuently handled. This
ing table. Heat treatment, if properly, conduct- element should be regarded as a friend,
said Dr. Stead, because it prevents car-
bide from parting with its graphite.
Average Breaking Loads for Fastenings.
Rope Time
requiied to MANUFACTURE OF CHARCOAL.
for 2 make 2 THE British Board of Agriculture has
Kind of fasten- fast'gs Tensile str'gth, I'b. issued an interesting leaflet dealing with
fastening ings ft. min. Total per sq. in. Locat'n of failure the manufacture of charcoal. It states:
A 3.8 15 4,672 8,287 At end of splice "In consequence of the war the demand
B 4.0 30-40 4.872 8.640 At end of splice for charcoal, both for heating purposes
11.0 5 3,142 5,540 In fixture and for ammunition, has already greatly
D 6.0 4 2,253 3,970 At short bend increased, andit is probable that it will-
E 5.0 3-5 3,099 5,463 At pin remain high as long as hostilities con-
F 5.0 . . 2.346 4,140 At pin tinue. There is no difficulty in manu-
G 7.0 15-20 2,448 4.310 At bight facturing charcoal in kilns; the initial
H 7.0 10-15 2.856 5,040 At bight expenditure is small, and the amount of
I 7.0 3 3.650 6.515 At bight skilled labor required is not very great,
while wood which might not otherwise
STEEL BLANKS OR FORGINGS pfl, restores the internal equilibrium of be utilized is turned to account. It
DISTORTION. the molecules, and the small amount of would be unwise, however, to attempt to
make charcoal without some skilled
ARTICLES made from steel blanks or material left for finishing does not ser-
labor, and, although it has been found
forgings, states Alfred Herbert's Month- iously affect the balance of the minute
possible in an emergency to employ
ly Review, are frequently out of truth internal stresses left after heat treat-
twenty to thirty unskilled men under a
after the machining is finished, in spite ment. The nature of tlir treatment re-
skilled charcoal-burner and a good fore-
of the fact that the machining may have quired depends upon the material used
man, there are some operations which
been done with the greatest accuracy. and on the final condition required, and <'nly a trained and experienced man can
Gear blanks may be distorted, crank it ranges from simple annealing to deli-
efficiently perform. '
sliafts bent, holes or pins machined par- cate tempering processes. Care must Details are given of the site for the
allel may be no longer parallel when re- be taken to ensure that the heat treat- kiln, the covering and firing of the kiln,
moA'ed from the machine, and other in- ment does not introduce fresh internal regulation of the burning, opening the-
accuracies mav arise. Such troubles can stresses. kiln, and the vield of charcoal.
'
BRASS SOCKETS AND PLUGS FOR ing l)y an application of oil by means of ing screwed into the up<rn end of the
SHRAPNEL SHELLS. the swab S hefore each stamping. The steel shell.
H 1 ^^^K^^^^^^^^^m ^ 1\ ^^1
H
HI
^H
H K
^
. J^^^^^^^^O _^
Ml <^H 1
1
^^^^^^H
^^^S^l
^B IH ^ ^ ) -
'"
n^^l
-^^1 1
HitK
ONE OP THE CONTINUOUS MELTING BBASiS FURNACES. CONTINUOUS POURING OF SI^UGS FOR SOCKETS AND CAPS.
-1
CA NA I) I AN FOUNDRY UAN 91
it is stopped b\- the rotating band. A equipped with tap and die for the the large space in the body witii R-F(i"
primer is now screwed into the base of threads, and, in fact, involves a very powder under heavy pressure, the edges
the cartridge and the unit is ready for interesting set-up. All that remains to are spun down over it, and the primer
firing. The cases may be used for from done is the milling of the flange for unit is complete. The above term re-
three to five shots before they become so the spanner and the stamping. Th" fers to the fineness of the urain of the
swelled that they will not enter the gun screw-plugs, L and S. are made in a rifle powder used.
SAFE HAND TOOLS IN THE SHOP.
PERSONAL caution is the greatest safe-
guard, says Bulletin No. 19, issued by
the National Founders' Association
(^'ommittee on Safety, whether observed
in the general and apparently important
affairs of industrial life or applied to
specific and seemingly trivial details. A
spill from a twenty-ton ladle of molten
metal may cause a serious turn, yet a
chip struck from the 'battered head of a
twenty-cent chisel may result in iblind-
ness to an employee. A
defective weld
in a crane chain may allow a load to
"let go" with disastrous consequences,
but the use of a weak, cross-grained or
splintered sledge handle may let the
sledge fly across the shop and injure
workmen who may be in its path. Con-
siderable injury may also be traced to
the use of loose-fitting wrenches, splin-
tered or broken shovel handles and to
other uncared-for hand tools.
92 CANADIAN F UN 1) RY MA N
shanks shaped round and slightly tapered juries.Again the remedy is simple and tongs made of hard fibre or other non-
from the top downward before they are even economical; the wrenches should conducting material should be provided
used at all; care should also be taken to be ground or milled to suit larger size for safely removing or replacing fuses.
make such tools of the right grade of nuts, or if there is too little stock left, General.
steel, else the hattered, over-hanging they should be scrapped. Monkey-
Some system should be ad-
effective
portions of the tools will readily hreak Avrenches or Stillson wrenches with bent
opted and carefully followed in each
off. The heads of chisels used in pneu- jaws or worn adjusting parts, are also
shop to prevent the use of improper or
matic tools are usually hardened and apt to cause injury by slipping; such
defective handles or tools. Only such
will chip very easily when struck with wrenches should be repaired or replaced.
handles and tools should be purchased
an ordinary hammer; such chisels should or put into service as are safest and best
never be used in this way. for the purpose. Even these may in time
Hammer and Sledge Handles. COMING CONVENTIONS. become unsafe by wear; it therefore be-
The character of hammer and sledge National Association of Manu- comes imperative that they should be
handles and their method of fastening is facturers, Waldorf-Astoria, New inspected regularly and their safe condi-
\yorthy of more than passing notice. If York. May 18-19. tion maintained. In shops where such
not straight-axained, or if the wood used National Machine Tool Build- tools are turned into the tool-room or
is "short" in texture, it must be ex- ers' Association, Atlantic City, stock-room every night, the storekeepers
pected that such handles will quickly N.J.May 20-21. can be instructed to issue only such
splinter and break. If attached in a slip- tools again as are safely fit for service.
Master Boiler Makers' Associa-
siiod manner, or if insecurely fitted, or tion, Chicago, lU. May 26-28.
if wedged by nails instead of wedges, American Iron, Steel and Heavy
or if the handle water-soaked so as
is Hardware Association, St. Fran-
SHELL AND CAR ORDERS PLACED.
to swell and heeome only temporarily cis Hotel, San Francisco, Cal.
THE Eastern Car Co., New Glasgow,
tight in the hammer head, it is obvious May 25-28. N.S., has been given an order by the
that these ill-fitted handles will become American Supply and Machinery Eussian Government for 2,000 steel
and that the hammers or sledges
loose, ,
Manufacturers' Association and frame box cars, and the Nova Scotia
when the nails loosen up or
will fly off National Supply and Machinery Steel & Coal Co. has received an order
when the handle dries and shrinks. Dealers' Association, Hotel Belle- for shells worth $3,600,000 from the Im-
When itrecognized that the peculiar
is vue- Stratford, Philadelphia, Pa. perial Government. Work will begin at
function of hammers and sledges is to (Joint convention.) June 3-5. once on both orders.
The cars will be shipped in sections
strike blows with considerable force, it American Railway Master Me-
becomes clear that there is no economy Association, Atlantic
from Pictou Landing for Vladivostock,
chanics'
in cheap but weak handles, and that all City, N.J. June 9-11. where they will be set up on Russian
handles should be carefully purchased scil. It take eight or ten ships to
will
Railway Supply Manufacturers'
and properly fastened in place. transport the
cars, and whether the
Association. Convention and ex-
screw-
company 's own steamers will be used or
The use of defective file or hibit in conjunction with the
the whether ships shall be chartered by the
driver handles also contributes to Railway Master Mechanics and
company for this purpose has not yet
sum of injuries caused by hand tools. the Master Car Builders. June been decided.
When such handles are split, the handle 9-16.
The shell order for the Nova Scotia
end of the file or screw-driver is apt to Master Car Builders' Associa-
Steel Co. includes 18-pounder shrapnel,.
be forced through the handle and punc- tion, Atlantic City, N.J.
June
4.5 lyddite shells and 60-pounder shells^
ture the user's hands, and when these 14-16.
without handles similar American Society of Mechani- The company has been making 18 and
tools are used
15-pounder shells for the British Gov-
injuries sometimes result. The use of cal Engineers, Buffalo, N.Y.
ernment, but this is the first order for
only the best handles is a safe as well (Spring meeting.)
June 22-26.
lyddite and 60-pounders. The Nova
as an economical measure. American Society for Testing Scotia Steel Co. will make the shells and
When smooth-faced hammers or Materials, Hotel Trajmiore, At- put in the bullets, but the explosive will
hatchets are used for driving nails, the N.J. June 22-26.
lantic City, be inserted at Quebec. Some new ma-
nails frequently glance and strike per-
American Foundrymen's Asso- chinery will be required.
sons who are working in the vicinity. ciation, Atlantic City, N.J. Sept. The company's contract is to manu-
This danger can be minimized by the 27-Oct. 1.
facture all the shells, finishing as many
use of hammers or hatchets with their Foundry and Machine Exhibi- as possible, but other concerns finishing
faces roughened. tion Co., Atlantic City, N.J. Sept. v.ill be given orders to assist. Under
Wrenches. 25-Oct. 2.
the former contract the "Scotia"' Co.
Wrenches are wrongly used and albus- has been making 8,000 to 10,000 shell
ed, sometimes because the management blanks daily.
Wrenches are cheap; when good con- in
is over-economical, but usually because These orders are officially announced,
dition they are not only safest, but do
the employee is too lazy or impatient and the carrying out of them will mean
more and 'better work than the faulty
to secure the right wrenches for the job m.uch to the industrial life of Nova
v.Triety.
in hand. Solid wrenches that are too Scotia.
Electrical Purpose Tools.
large for the nut or bolt-head are soon
worn into a rounded shape that allows The rapidly growing use of electricity
them to slip and bruise the workmen's for power and light requires that work- When you have a long line of shafting
hands, also spoiling the shape of the men should be instructed to use proper to drive with a motor, it is well to re-
nut or bolt-head, which in turn pre- tools when making adjustments on elec- member that if you put the motor in the
sents an added risk of the same kind. ti-icallycharged apparatus. Screw-driv- centre, instead of at one end of the
Wrenches of the right size but worn ers, pliers and other tools used for this shaft, you can use a lighter shaft, and
heyond the possibility of giving safe purpose must be insulated. When the thus save in first cost, weight and loss-
and effective service, cause similar in- voltage is more than 110, insulated bv friction.
,
In view of the fad thai I he war utfere-H of our readers extends far beijond the confines of
tJirlrown particular craft, and that Canadian enr/ineermg concerns are devoting themselves
almost entirelji to the production of shrapnel shells in one or more of their consistent fea-
twres, we believe the acconrpanying brief article dealing with the inception of the shell from
the steel bar will not onhj be found educative, but will indicate in a more or Icsa graphic ivaij
the grip that our metal ivorking planfx have taken of this impromptu Canadian industry.
used on the
.'U^-in.
from the mill in bars, 31/2 in. at the completion of a cut, the saw is saw.
diameter by 9 ft. long, and is known as withdrawn and the air clamps released. The saws have inserted teeth and are
high carbon machinery steel. In the The bar is then moved up for the next giving excellent satisfaction. The time
plant from which tlie accompanying data cut. a set of teeth will run without re-grind-
have been procured, the bars are first ing varies, but a casual inquiry, liowever.
sawn into billets, each being about 41,2 resulted in tlie following information be-
in. long. Four 24-in. Newton inserted ing given: A saw was put in commission
tooth saws operate constantly on
cold at noon one day and three days later at
tlieir ]iroduction. The saws are driven 4 p.m. it was still doing good work. Two
by individual motors, as will be seen by men keep the four machi.;es running,
referring to Fig. B, while the clamps are and the maximum production of one ma-
operated by compressed air. A neat ar- chine per hour tiiroughtout tlie twenty-
rangement for handling the bars is part four hours will l)e a little over tliirty
of the equipment of each saw. The bars billets.
aie carried to the saws by an overhead Heating Billets and Forging.
electric travelling crane and are placed
The furnace used to heat the l)iUets
on racks which are built with a sliglit SlIKr.r,
FOROING FIRST OPEK.XTION OF
PIERCING THE BILT.ET.
incline. A bar is allowed to roll off the when operations were first started was
rack by gravity into the saw carriage. an ordinary Rockwell plate-heating oil
Provision is made to insure that the The from the saw car-
]irojecting lug furnace. However, as the plant began
bar is moved ahead the proper distance riage follows the steel rod until it comes to run smoothly, the capacity of this
ea<-h time a new cut is taken. The bar up against a stop collar on the latter, furnace was not sufficiently great to feed
itself is moved by means of a hand- and when the rod is moved this distance the presses, its cai)acity limiting the out-
wheel which traverses tlie can'iage, it is in for a new cut to be
position put of the forging plant to 1,600 forg-
through the medium of a rack and made. Tlie clamps are then a[)plied and iiigs i)er day. The firm then designed
iiinion. A steel rod is attached to a the saw started in to w()r]< au'ain. Mean- and built a special oil fiii-iiace, the
- "
m
i
'u
''
:\
''Tllifc,. i
mtrT^'^' ;*f ^4 \1*^^^ "^B
1^^'
1
rig^^^i^ii^HI M|ii^
^^^^hStH^B
.-llsM
WL ^M "^^^^1
UL^
m.
^^^^^v^iiitf'
H m'"*^ _
^^JSfeAj'"^
-^.
'""IMHHIb^-^-^l
FIG. A- -NEVVTU.N SAW ClTTIXCi SIIEI.I, P.IEI.ETS FROM fk; i: NEWTOX SAW SHOWING MOTOR AM) STEEI. P.AR
THE STEEL P.AR. FEE1> JIECH.WISM.
casting fixture which can be moved along while, tlie stop casting is iinclani))ed iiuirflc (if was constructed on a
whicli
the bed of the machine and clamped at from its position, and is moved up till slight The billets were fed
incline.
any i)osition. A part of the saw car- the lug is again against the stop casting, into one end of the furnace and were
riage upon which the bar being cut up where it is again clamped, ready to taken out of the other, the movement of
into billets is mounted, fits over the steel measure off the next length. It takes the billets hciiiu caused wholly by
I'od, and the fixture which carries the one of these saws one minute and thirty- gra\ity. The |iroduction of tlie plant is
94 CANADIAN F UN T) RYMAN
now about 3,000 shells per twenty-four them into the dies, knouking the loose and the length of the shell is increased
hours. scale off in transit by striking the hot from 4I/2 inches to roughly 8 inches, as
Tlie bilhts are heated up to about billets against a steel block. The punches shown in Fig. F. The forgings are taken
from the big press immediately to the
smaller 250-ton two-punch presses. Here
they are placed in a forming die and the
punches are allowed to descend. This
operation forms the bottom or back end
of the shell and makes it the proper size
for the drawing die operation, which fol-
lows immediately.
The punches are lifted and the forg-
ings are taken up with the punches. The
small base-forming dies are removed, the
punches again descend, and the forging
passes through a series of drawing dies
which draw it out to length. It has been
found that all these operations can be
accomplished with one heating now that
the men have become accustomed to the
work, and with dies and punches of pro-
per design.
The large press can handle about 150
billets per hour, being its maximum ca-
jiacity under favorable conditions. The
punches in the smaller presses have two
operations to accomplish, and this not
(nily takes up more time, but heats the
FIG. EBELLEVIE ANNEALINCJ FUKN.VCES
FOUGINOS IMMEDIATELY THEY
FOR HE.\T TRE.\TINO .STEEL .SHELI
punches and dies considerably. Thus,
LEAVE THE WOOD PRESSES.
the maximum capacity of these machines
2,100 deg. F. and the sliell forging is are well greased with graphite mixi'd is only about half of that of the larger
completed in two operations with one w ith heavy black oil. press, or 75 an hour.
heating. The billets are taken from tlie The first or ''piercing'' operation is The billets after passing through the
furnace two at a time by two men. They performed on a 350-ton two-puncli drawing-out dies are taken from the
grasp the billets with tongs and swing liydraulie press. The billet is pierced under side of these and placed in the
Bellevue annealing- furnaces, shown in rent was raised from 100 to 400 am- rent drawn from the line and for pre-
Fig. E. This process is to remove the peres. Is failure due to tlie fact that al- venting injury to the generator when
effects of the chill caused by the com- ternating' current was used? If not, starting the arc."
paratively cold dies and punches, and wherein
tory?"
is the apparatus unsatisfac-
%
In reply one of the company's engi- BRASS TRADE OPPORTUNITITS.
neers says: "We would attribute the ITALY, in 1912, took 408,500 worth of
lack of success to the use of alternating brass and brassware from Germany. Nor-
way and Sweden together took 274,600
worth, and the United States of America
took 146,200 worth. Then there are the
valuable South American markets, such
as Argentina, to which Germany sent
brass goods to the value of 165,000;
Brazil,which accounted for 112,700
worth; Chili, which took 49,500 worth,
and Uruguay, which was a customer to
the extent of 24,000. Austria's exports,
too, although much smaller than those of
Germany, are worthy of notice, amount-
ing as they did last year to 1,057.750.
Her principal markets were: The United
Soldering.
It often happens when
soldering with killed spirits as a fluid,
SHELL FORGING DRAWING-OUT OPERATION IN SECOND PRESS. that the latter cannot be applied thick
enough to insure a good joint. Add some
prepare the forging for machining. One current. Attempts have been made to starch to the killed spirit, and boil the
reheating Bellevue furnace is placed be- utilize alternating current for arc weld- mixture, so as to make a sort of syrup,
tween the large press and the small we know, all of them
ing, but, as far as and you will find that you can make a
presses, and any semi-finished forging were practically failures. The
. . .
far stronger job than otherwise, especial-
which is delayed in the first operation or best equipment would be a flat-compound ly when soldering up tins which have to
for any reason appears too cool to go to wound direct-current generator driven withstand pressure from within, such as
the second presses, passes through same. by a constant speed induction motor,, preserve tins. The starch is, of course,
A certain number of billets going the motor to have an automatic control turned to charcoal; but this does not
through the presses at the same time diviee for regulating the amount of cur- hinder in the least, and can be wiped off,
are all placed in one rack and a heat
number assigned to them.
The presses are supplied with water
at a pressure of 1,500pounds per square
inch from a 100-h.p. Westinghouse
motor-driven Dean pump, and a Snow
steam auxiliary pump is held ready to
take up the load should a break-down
occur in the motor-driven unit. The pro-
duction at present approaches three
thousand shells per day of twenty-four
hours.
Metal Industry News more than he can give his whole thought to tlie best mar-
ket quotations on material. The employment department,
A Monthly Technical Journal devoted to the Foundry and Metal which really represents the greater investment, should
Industries.
therefore be in the hands of a thoroughly competent and
PETER BAIN, M.E., Editor.
responsible man wliose duties do not end with the liiring
B. G. NEWTON - - . - Advertising Manager
stage. He sliould follow his proteges' installation in tlie
OFFICES plant, should determine their efficiency and rating and
CANADA
Montreal Rooms 701-702 Eastern Townships Bank Building, sliould represent tlie last court of appeal between man
Telephone Main 1255. and foreman.
Toronto 143-149 University Ave. Telephone Main 7324.
Winnipeg34 Royal Bank Building. Phone Garry 2313.
There are numbers of little disagreeable jobs in con-
UNITED STATES
New York R. B. Huestis, 115 Broadway, New York. nection with the rating and disciplining of help that are
Telephone 8971 Hector. (li'trimental to the influence of the foreman with his men
Chicago A. H. Byrne, Room 607, 140 South Dearborn Street,
Phone Randolph, 3234.. if he be required to perform such duties. The proper man
Boston C. L. Morton, Room 733. Old South Bldg., l<i do this work is the man who does the hiring. Careless-
Telephone Main 1024.
GREAT BRITAIN ness in the choosing of men is liable to result in the get-
London The MacLean Company of Great Britain, Limited. ting of careless employees. Tlie (luality of workmen is
88 Fleet Street, B.C. E. J. Dodd, Director. Telephone Central
12960. Addre*: Atabek, London, England. many times more xahiahle than the price or quality of
SUBSCRIPTION RATE: material, and it is safe to say that the umn who shrewdly
Canada, $1.00 for two years; United States, J1.50 for two controls tile <|iiality and efficiency of the human element
years; Great Britain, Australia and other colonies. 48. 6d., for two holds the I'cal uuidiiig reins in the destiny of the insti-
years; other countries, $1.50 for two years. Advertising rates
on request. tution.
Subscribers who are not receiving their paper regularly will
confer a favor by letting us know. We should be notified at
once of any change in address, giving both old and new.
MAINTAINING SUFFICIENCY OF TRAINED
Vol. VI. MAY. 1915 No. 5 MECHANICS.
connection with the recent discussions on the losses
PRINCIPAL CONTENTS. INentailed by employeis in replacing trained mechanics
I>ev<-I(ipiiient of Our Niikel-Copiier ^Slll(lti>: Incliistr.v .... i-x.->
who ha\-e been discharged or otherwise lost to the
General s.->-(i
organization, the side of the men themselves deserves
("iipol.i Ijcvi'loimieiit .-Mid Operation. .. .ST;iiiilrinliz;iti..ii
(if T!iern\imictir.'.i .iiitl Pj ronietfrs. . . . K. II. .Miimforil some consideiation. Take the case of the apprentice, we
Dead. .Itccnrd Copper Slii)niieiits. .AVmilil Stnp I'.S.
find the instances where he is pros'ided with a ]iractical
. . . .
Sliell Sliiiiiuciits.
COPPER CYANIDE PLATING High Current Density. tive and only one feature
conditions,
SOLUTIONS.- If a too high current density used is should emphasized which has been
be
By Dr. Max G. Weber. on the cathode, all the Na ions do not mentioned above; that the more hydro-
act on tlie sodium copper cyanide, re- gen develops on the cathode, so much
TllKKK are three things whieh are
ducing it. but they are partly discharged, lower is the percentage of the metal
necessary tor the deposition of
metal, current, electrode and elec- forming sodium hydrate and hydrogen by deposited per current unit. A low cur-
trolyte, or plating solution, but as the acting on the water of the bath: rent density results in a high percentage
I)latin,u- solution is the most important, Na + H,0 = NaOH -l H of the metal deposited per electrical
I will confine myself to tliis item. This reaction accounts for the develop-
unit, while the deposition is slow. A
high current density yields a lower per-
Cyanide Solutions Feature. iiu nt of hydrogen or gasing at the cath-
centage proportionately, but consuming
The object in employinL;- cyanide solu- ode. It means that less copper is de-
lo\\ing equation: Coleman, Out. copper cyanide and sodium cyanide, and
Na+Na Cu(CN), Cu+2 NaN, Treasurer -- Walter S. Barrows,
Dovercourt Road, Toronto.
G'2>-
which is easily formed by adding the
I)roving that the deposition of cojjper is PL.IlC'E and dates OF MEETING. necessary amounts of each chemical to
a secondary reaction, and that free cya- Tlie r)oel<l<'nt Hall, corner of Queen water. A high-grade sodium cyanide has
nideis formed. On the anode, the aniim and Batliurst Streets. Fourth Thursday
of each month, at 8 p.m. been obtainable for quite a number of
CufCN), combines with the copper of years, but copper cyanide could only be
the electrode, forming cuprous cyanide, procured at prices whieh made its use
Cu(CN),-f Cu 2 CuCN.' = tated solutions can be worked with a prohibitive for technical purposes. For
Cuprous cyanide is insoluble in water higher current density than cold ones, this reason many one
might call
salts
but soluble in cyanide solution, and for and that a density of approximately 30
amp. per sq. ft. is quite feasible without
them subterfuges have been used which
this puri)ose the free cyanide generated v.'ere intended as a substitute for copper
at the cathode is required. Supposing yielding a burned and blistered deposit. cyanide, forming this salt when brought
wp have proper conditions low current Deposit Per Amp. Hour. together with cyanide solution.
density on both electrodes enough free
Another feature which is finite inter- One should bear in mind that what-
cyanide produced on the cathode in
is
esting is the amount of metal deposited ever copper salt is bi'onght together with
oi'der to keep in solution the cuprous
per amp. hour. In a copper cyanide so- sodium cyanide solution, tlie final com--
cyanide formed on the anode. As the
lution which contains the metal in the jiound is the double salt, sodium copper
free cyaniile nf the catliode is really
cuprous stage, the same amount of cur- cyanide. Another fact w'lifh should not
needed on the anode for dissolving pur-
rent should yield twice as much metal be lost sight of, is that one chemical can
poses, and as in a still solution the mix-
as in an acid bath, providing, of course, replace another only to tlie extent of the
in^' velocity is very slow, stirring and
all the favorable conditions are prevail- requisite elements, and that by the re-
warming of the electrolytic bath would
ing, i.e., a strong solution, warmed ami action of two such salts, a by-product
expedite this matter considerably and
agitated, worked with a minimum is always formed which contaminates
bring the bath very near to an ideal
amount of free cyanide at a low cur- the compound desired. This is the case
stage. However, warm and agitated so-
rent density. with the coj)j)er cyanide.
In.tions require a more careful observa-
ti(m. for which reason these two items
As, however, common plating solutions Copper carbonate, copper sulphate,
attention are worked on nearly the contrary condi- copper acetate and cupri-cupro sulphite
have not as yet been paid tlie
tliey actually deserve. tions, the relativeamount oTitained from have all been employed in order to foi*m
cyanide batli is much lower. How copper cyanide by mixture with sodium
*Frr>in :\ ii;il>(M- ri'tid Ix^forc tlip Lewis Iiisti-
cyanide and water. That bv these re-
tntp. Chicago.
nnich lower depends entirely on the rela-
98 C AKADIAN F UNDRY ,M AN
actions an inert by-product consisting at a price making its use more economi- short time only, one-quarter pound to
of sodium sulphate or sodium sulphite cal than that of any other copper salt. each gallon of water, until gas bubbles
or sodium acetate or sodium carbonate is Cuprous cyanide contains nothing but appear; then rinse in cold water, brush
formed to a high percentage, every one the ingredients necessary in a plating with water and fine powdered pumice
was aware of, but took it for granted as
solution copper and cyanogen so that until all traces of grease and oil are re-
the product necessary, copper cyanide, by dissolving it in cyanide solution no moved. The articles will have lost the
being not obtainable commercially. inert, unnecessary products are added. high lustre procured l)y the polishing
This enables the plater to have )>erfect operations, but the smooth surface wifl
Copper Carbonate.
control of his solutions at all times ^s remain, providing immersion in an alkali
When using copper carbonate, whicii
wh.enever metal is needed, he adds it in bath be not for too long a period, as this
is really basic copper sulphate contain-
the form of copper cyanide, and when would cause pitting or frosting.
ing a small percentage of carbonate, ac- cyanide is needed, he adds sodium cya- The articles are now passed through
cording to the temperature at which it is nide, tlnis simplifying matters. On ac- a dip of two parts nitric acid and
precipitated, approximately one-half one
count of its high precentage of metal jiart sulphuric acid to remove
l)Ound of inert matter is formed for any oxide
it contains 70 per cent, pure copper, the formed by the operations through the
every pound of copper carbonate, con-
By
rest being cyanogen
solutions highly alkali These operations must be
bath.
sisting of sulphates and carl)onates. concentrated in metal can be worked at executed with most painstaking exact-
the use of copper acetate, or cupri-cupro a relatively low specific gravity. This ness, because on them chiefly
sulphite this inert matter is still further depends
is a further advantage, as a bath low the success of tlie electro-plating pro-
increased, and for each pound of the in density is much more easily controll- cess. The articles are now ready for the
compounds used, from nine to ten ounces ed than a very concentrated one. nickel solution, which should be slightly
of inert salts are produced. ("opper cyanide being a cuprous salt, acid. In order to be given a high lustre
These salts accumulate in the bath does not consume any cyanide in order after plating, the articles must receive
more and more with every addition of to be transferred to the cuprous stage, a heavy deposit with a low current den-
the respective copper salt, and finally and because of its being a cyanide itself sit^^
yield such a dense solution, overloaded it requires less sodium cyanide than any
The articles having been thoroughly
with these waste compounds, that it can- other copper salt to yield the double
covered with nickel, and care
not be worked in a satisfactory manner salt, sodium copper cyanide, tlie essen-
having
been taken diirins' the process that they
iiny longer as plated articles are blister- tial constituent of a ])lating solution. do not become dry, since other metals
ed, and the solutions are of necessity This fact points out a more economical
do not adhere well under such circum-
discarded. The reason for this is that method for producing a plating solution. stances, deposits of other metal or de-
a bath of this kind has a relatively low In other words, it saves money.
sired finishes may be proceeded with.
metal concentration and a much higher When one buys a metal salt for plat-
one of the inert salts. As a rule, the ing, one should not forget that it is not
Aluminum can be oxidized to resemble
electric current deposits the metal easiest oxidized silver in
the following dip:
the ]n-ice of the metal in the salt itself
to discharge, which in this case, is the
One gallon muriatic acid: two ounces,
wliich constitutes the economy of the
alkali metal. As the cuiTent density in- arsenic; one ounce, sulphate of iron;
salt, hut tlie price at wliicli the metal
creases, an excess of liydrogen is gen- two ounces, sulpliate of copper. It
is put into solution as a double cyanide.
erated, whioli causes burning and the should stand at about fifteen degrees
J( is this economy of tlie copjier cyanide,
current output drops considerably. Be. Clean articles from heavy greases,
combined with its high iccliiiical quali-
oilsand compositions as for piating, be-
After considering this crude method ties, which makes copper cvanide super-
fore immersing in the dip; potash until
of forming copper cyanide one should ior fo any other iilatins salt.
gas bubbles appear, then rinse in cold
remember that the copper in a cyanide water and afterwards oxidize. They will
plating solution is in tlie cupro state,
come from the dip a jet black, and while
while copper carbonate, copper sulphate ELECTROPLATING AND FINISHING
wet can he sti'iped by using a cloth with
and copper acetate are cupri salts, and ALUMINUM.
lioMiJered imniice. or by drying' if
cu]iri-cupro sulphite is a mixture of By .T. A. Tlaslip.
Ixith. This means that these salts must
K.-ratcli-bruslied, canbe toned a dark
be first reduced to the cupro state before V.UilOUS writers on r.luminuin L'rey. or be relieved with li^ht sand
plating have eiTii)liasized the dif- blast. Lacquer afterwards, using dip
they are fit for plating. This reduction
is executed at the cost of the sodium
ficulty of this work, and possibly or s])ray.
Brnss World.
Illy experience may be of assistance to
cyanide, winch is actually intended for
readers. have had considerable suc-
I
#
bringing the copper metal into solution
cess in this class of work, and my me-
only. Further, neutral copper salts as
copper acetate, copper sulphate and
rl'od of treating aluminum before plat- Questions and Answers
ing is as follows:
cupric sulphite, when brought in con- Question.T wish to dry tumble small
The articles should lie iiolislied in
tact with cyanide solutions first form sheet steel stampings.
The steel is quite
order to get a smooth surface, the same
cupric cyanide, which, being an unstable smooth, free from score marking from
as is done in the case of other metals.
compound, decomposes into cuprous press, and only slightly burred on edges.
The most important part of the process
cyanide and cyanogen. The latte?^ I would like to know what material is
is in the cleansing before immersing in
escapes into the air, and on account of most effective for this purpose?
the bath, as more than ninety-five per
its highly poisonous character, is most
detrimental to the health of the plater.
cent, of the operator's difficulty in hav- Answer. Procure
a quantity of
ing the metal adhere firmly can be leather meal, this being cheaper than
Chemically Pure Cuprous Cyanide. traced to improper cleansing or rins- sawdust if used properly. Mix the work
Taking into consideration all tlie dis- ing. with a quantity of the meal in the
advantages resultinu' from tlie present Remove heaviest nils, sreases and
tlie tumbling barrel, which should be of
method of producing a platino; solution, by washing through ben-
c(iin]iositions wood; also add about a pint of Vienna
every progressive plater sh.ould greet zine or gasoline and puttina: through lime for each bushel of meal used, or
with joy the fact that a chemically pure dry sawdust to absorb surplus. Next, moisten the meal with coal oil. Rotate
cuprous cyanide is now on tlie market wash in hot potash or caustic soda for a the barrel at a speed of approximately
25
CANADIAN r UN DRY :\I AN
Coke or Charcoal Basket Made ol Kalvanized steel wire. Bench Rammers Made from Maple Hardwood well oiled.
FOUNDRY
Necessities
QUALITY
No. 1 CEYLON PLUMBAGO Every pound of Criule material used in our
Facing is carefully analyzed before offer-
ing to you.
ECONOMY
AViien buying from us you buy direct. You
also get articles that are free from duty,
H. F. M. SEACOAL apart from the question of despatch.
Question.- What amount of boracic soda dissolved in one gallon of water. quantity of red-hot nickel oxide. A
acid is employed to whiten a
usually Immerse the brass until the desired l)rass or copper article immersed in this
nickel deposit ? Would any other chemi- shade is obtained; 30 seconds usually solution is instantly covered with pure
cal serve the same purpose? suttices. To retain the color, the Ijrass nickel.
|||||||llm3^t^^^
FOUNDRY SHOVELS
that will fulfil every requirement. -^0^
Any style or shape
In Lundy Shovels are their own .Jf^T J^
best salesmen.
Quality Guaranteed Brass
Why
can
import your anodes when you
getguaranteed quality, Quicker
Bronze j^^^ Once tried, always
and can save duty and elimin-
cielivevy,
ate the annoyance of clearing at the
customs by buying from us? Copper used. Split " D" and
May we send you descriptive pamphlet American D" handles.
and full particulars?
Nickel SencT us a trial orOer.
W. W. WELLS, Toronto Lundy Shovel & Tool Co., Ltd.
Tin&Zinc PETERBORO. ONT.
FREE
SAND CANADIAN NIAGARA
A 10-DAY SUCTION DEVICE CO.
TRIAL
Bridgeburg Ont.
If what you ivant is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
28 CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
CANADIAN TRADE. The Sarnia Metal Products Co. has snod. The various types of furnace for
THE statement of Canadian trade, is- been incorporated at Ottawa, Ont., with welding, forging, hardening and melting,
sued on April 27, shows a grand total a capital of $100,000 to manufacture etc., are illustrated and described, and
for the fiscal year of $1,078,173,240, as sheet metal products at Sarnia, Ont. In- the principal dimensions are given for
compared with $1,112,562,107 for the corporators: Lloyd Lott, A. MacD. Lott each size.
previous year, a particularly good show- and J. Garroch, all of Sarnia, Ont.
The Monarch Engineering & Mfg. Co.,
ing in view of the dislocation of the
Baltimore, Md., have sent us a series of
world's trade by the war, and the un- The Franklin Steel Works, Ltd., has
bulletins describing their heating, melt-
favorable economic conditions which been incorporated at Toronto, Ont.,
ing and galvanzing furnaces, forges, etc.
prevailed before the war. with a capital of $40,000 to manufacture
built for all fuels. Full particulars and
In the last month of the year a very toe calks at Hamilton, Ont. Incorpor-
principal sizes are given for each type
decided improvement was noticeable, the ators: William Lees, Thomas Hobson
of furnace together with illustrations
trade total being $110,540,998, as against and R. P. McBride, all of Hamilton,
sliowing clearly the general design.
$92,887,053 in March, 1914. Ont.
Imports for the year amounted to Drop Forgings.
^The Gotham Adver-
$587,364,363, and domestic exports to
Canada. On April 29 the
Steel Co. of
tising Co., New
York, are distributing a
In 1914 the imports were
annual meeting of the Steel Company of
$409,419,503. catalogue of drop forged machinists'
$633,564, and the domestic exports, Canada was held at Hamilton. All the tools made by the J. H. Williams & Co.,
directors were re-elected and the officers
$431,589,658. Brooklyn, N.Y. A complete line of
March imports, which were $54,520,- also. Charles S. Wilcox is president;
"Agrippa" and "Vulcan"' tools are de-
229 1914, declined to $40,858,179 in
Cyrus A. Birge, vice-president; and
in sriibed and illustrated, while prices and
1915, but the exports of domestic pro-
Robert Hobson, vice-president and gen-
essential dimensions are given for each
eral manager.
ducts showed a marked increase, the size.
being $26,701,026 in 1914, and
figures
$45,118,922 in 1915. Imports of coin
Dominion Steel April Output. The Patternmakers' Grinders, made by
Dominion Steel Corporation reports its Charles H. Besley & Co., Chicago, 111.
and bullion for the year were $131,992,-
output for April as follows: This catalogue deals almost entirely
922. as against $15,235,305 in 1914.
The statement is particularly interest- April, Previous with the No. 15-30-C Besley grinder, al-
ing in its reference to exports for the 1915. year, though other types very similar in de-
montli of March, exports of manufac- tons. tons. sign are also described. A very com-
Pig iron 23.130 plete general description is given of the
tures having increased from $6,239,290 20,861
from Steel ingots 25,34;! 26,397 grinder, followed by descriptions of
to $15,600,790, agriculture $6,512,-
Rails 13,712 various typical operations, all illus-
346 to $12,438,145. and animals and ;. 1,6.33
animal products from .$3,202,060 to $5,- Rods 6.512 3,021 trated. Brief specifications are given
471.249. Bars 024 2,203 of the A and B types of machine. The
Wire & wiic prod'ts 3.2-54 2.380 illustrations show the
grinders with
Coal output 357..3.35 410,:!S2 various attachments and also in opera-
tion.
Trade Gossip
Calgary, Alta. The Calsary Iron-
Electric Arc Welding. Bulletin No.
48,904. just off the press, has been is-
works will manufacture shells. Catalogues sued by the Canadian General Electric
J. A. Disney has l)ef;n a|)poiuted east- Electric Hoists made by the Link Co.. Toronto. The bulletin deals briefly
ern sales manager for H. A. Drur\' Co. Belt Co., Philadelphia, Pa., are described with three processes of welding by means
in Bulletin No. 207. The principal fea- of electricity, which is followed by a full
The Western Foundry has in-
Co. description of a general process of elec-
tures of this hoist are enumerated in de-
creased its capital stock from $150,000 tric arc welding, covering the principal
tail, while the illustrations shown give
to $200,000. features in it"? operation. Full partic-
a general idea of the construction.
W. M. Maybank will liaiulle the foun- ulars are given of the welding equip-
dry supply line of the E. .7. "Woodison Flinn Steam Trap made by Richard ment and its application to various
Co. in Canada. .J. Flinn. West Roxbury, Mass. The forms of service. A number of illustra-
bulletin describes fully the construction tions are showing
included different
Sackville, N.B. Tiie E^awcett foundry and operation of the Flinn steam trap. classes of work done by electric arc
which has been closed for some months The various conditions under which it welding. Copies of this bulletin can be
will, it is exipected, resume operations can be used are given with a reference obtained on application.
shortly. to its chief characteristics. A sectional
Grinding Machinery. Cntnlosue No.
Sarnia, Ont A heavy
shipment of
view is included,
construction of the trap.
showing the general
101, issued by the Wilmarth & Mormaa
brass goods for shells arrived on May 7, Co., Grand Rapids. Mich., is devoted to
from Detroit, on the steamer Wauketa Gas Furnaces, made by tlie Gilbert & a description of various types of drill
for the Mueller Brass Co. This concern Barker Mfg. Co.. Springfield, Mass., are urinders and other lines of grinding" ma-
is working' ni<rht and dav. dealt with in catalogue "B" recently is- cliinerv. Special reference is made to
"i^ !^V
'
l>fVJI&^:
S)3ccialistsin analyzing, mixing and melting of
^4:^^di^.Z Semi-Steel, Grey and Malleable Irons.
J.
Limited
24 Adelaide
Toronto
St.
A. Morton, Manager
W.. 'wmm
tMQLDkCil^eill it
that
BECAUSE
makes good our claim
it will reduce melt-
.^^ 1|^
,,. > ^M.y.\ B CANASTOTA.N.Y. ing costs 50%, improve
quality and increase
output
This furnace is for melting
"all metals" high or low tem-
perature.
fO
j^
*J.W t>N CO.
piNG SAND
t 1 >A;
Furna*. I.adle Stoppers, Ladle Nozzles, Ramming Plates and Machines. Steel Bars, all kinds.
nunilton Faeinc Mill Co., Ltd.. and Sleeves (Graphite). Canadian IngersoU-Rand Co., Ltd., Dom. Iron ft Steel Co., Sydney. N.S.
Hamilton, Out. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Montreal. Northern Crane Works. WalkerviUa,
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co., Seidel, R. B., PhUadelphia. Stevens, F. B.,Detroit, Mich. Ont.
Easton. P. McCulIoch-Dalzell Crucible Company, Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Herbert Morris Crane ft Hoist Co,,
Monarch Eng. Mfg. Co., Baltimore.
ft Pittsburg, Pa. Ltd., Toronto.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal. Retorts. J. W, Paxson Co., PhUadelphia, Pa.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich. Stevens, F, B., Detroit, Mich.
Foundry Equipment Co.. Jonathan Bartley Crucible Co., Tren-
Whiting Webster ft Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Harvey, Melting Pots. ton, N.J.
Equipment
111. Whiting Foundry Co.,
\^elter ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Harvey, 111.
Hamilton, Ont, Riddles.
Furnaces, Brass. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Talc.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Hamilton, Ont.
H. 3. Carter & Co., Toronto. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. W. Paxson Co., Philidelphl*, Pi.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd.. J. HamUton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. HamUton, Ont.
Hamilton. Ont.
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co., Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
J. W. Paxson Co., PhUadelphia, Pa.
E3ton, Pa. Metallurg;ist8.
Monarch Eng. ft Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Rosin. Webster ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Canadian Laboratories, Toronto.
J. W. PaxsoD Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Charles C. Kawin Co., Toronto. Webster ft Sons. Ltd.. Montreal.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Frankel Bros., Toronto.
Taps.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co..
Rouge.
Harvey, 111.
Toronto Testing Laboratories, Toronto. Geometric Tool Co., New Haven,
Webster ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Conn.
Millville Gravel.
GocKles. Sand Blast Machinery. Teeming Crucibles and Funnels.
H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto.
Tilghman-BroolMbank Sand Blast Co.. Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi- McCulloch-Dalzell Crucible Company.
rhiladelphia. Pa. cago, 111. Pittsburg, Pa.
Mixers. Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd.
Graphite Products. Webster &
Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Montreal. Threading Machines.
J. W. Paxson Co.. PhUadelphia. Pa. Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgebur,
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Ont. Geometric Tool Co.. New Havga,
Hamilton, Ont. Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. Conn.
Jonathan Bartley Crucible Co., Tren- Molders' Tools. Louis, Mo.
ton, N.J. H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
McCulloch-Daliell Crucible Company. Track, Overhead.
Wm, Dobson, Canastota, N.Y. Hamilton, Ont.
Pittsburg. Pa. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich. Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co.. Northern Crane Worka, WilkervUl*.
Webster ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton Faciiig Mill Oo.. Ltd.. Philadelphia, Pa. Ont.
Hamilton, Ont. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Herbert Morris Crane lb Hoist Oa.,
Grinders, Disc, Bench, Swin(. Webster ft Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Stevens F. B.. Detroit, Mich. Ltd., Toronto.
Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Ont. Molding; Machines. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
Perfect Machinery Co., Oalt, Ont. Sand Blast Rolling Barrels. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
BerksSTre Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Harvey, Ul,
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co.. of Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co..
Grinders, Chaser or Die. Philadelphia. Pa.
Canada, Toronto. Tripoli.
Geometric Tool Co., New Haren. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.Y.
Conn. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd., W. W. Wells. Toronto.
Helmets. Hamilton, Ont. Sand Blast Devices.
Stevens. F. B . Detroit. Mich. Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi- Trolleys and Trolley Systems.
Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co.. Midland Machine Co.. Detroit. cago, 111.
Philadelphia, Pa. Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadelphia. Can. Fairbanks-Morse Co., Montre&l.
Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg.
Tilghman-Brook^ank Sand Blast Co., Curtis Pneiunatic Machinery Co., 3t.
Hoisting: and Conveying; Molding Sand. Philadelphia, Pa. Louis, Mo.
Machinery. HamUton Facing MUl Co., Ltd..
Hami.ton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd.,
HamUton. Ont.
Herbert Morris Crane ft Hoist Co.. Hamilton, Ont. Sand Molding. Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker-
Ltd.. Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, *. H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto. ville, Ont.
Northern Crane Works. Walkerrille. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich. Hamilton Facing Co., Ltd.. J. W. Paxson Co., PhUadelphia, Pa.
A. R. Williams Machy. Co., Toronto. Wlxitehead Bros. Co.. Buffalo, N.Y. Hamilton. Ont. Webster ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Whiting Foundry liquipment Co.,
Harvey, 111, Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich. Harvey. 111.
Molding Sifters. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
Hoists, Electric, Pneumatic. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Trucks, Dryer and Factory.
A. R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto. Whitehead Bros. Co.. Buffalo. N.T. Sand Sifters.
Canadian IngersoU-Rand Co., Ltd.. H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto. HamUton Facing MUl Co.. Ltd.,
.Montreal. Ovens for Core-bakini; sod Hamilton, Ont.
Canadian Ingersoll-Band Co., Ltd..
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., at
Drying. Montreal. J, W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Canada. Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd.. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. -Mich.
Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Harvey, Hamilton, Ont.
Louis, Mo. 111.
Whiting Foundry Equipment
Herbert Morris Crane ft Hoist Co.. Webster ft Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia. Pa. Co.,
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich, Harvey, Ul.
TorontOk
Ltd.,
Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Northern Crane Works, Walkerrille. Oil and Gas Furnaces. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Tumblers.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Harvey, 111.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto.
Harvey. III. Hamilton. Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Monarch Eng. ft Mfg;. Co.. BaltimOiC. Sand Shakers.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Brown Machinery Co., Chi-
Specialty Turntables.
Hoists, Hand, Trolley. Stevens. F. B.. Detroit. Mich. cago,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
111.
H. S. Carter 4 Co., Toronto,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Northern Crane Works, Walkervllle,
Northern Crane Works, Walkerrille. Saws, Hack. J. W. Paxson Co., PhUadelphia, Pa.
Herbert Morris Crane ft Hoist Co.. Patterns, Metal and Wood. Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton, Stevens F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Ltd., Toronto, Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Limited, Toronto. Ont.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Guelph Pattern Works, Whiting Foundry Equipment Co..
Quelph, Ont.
Har\cy. Ul. Harvey, 111.
F. W. Quinn, Hamilton. Ont. Sieves.
Wells Pattern ft Machine Works.
Hose and ConpIinKS. Stevens. F. B., Detroit. Mich.
Vent Wax.
Webster ft Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgebuic,
Ont.
Pattern Shop Equipment. H. 9. Carter ft Co., Toronto.
H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto. Silica Wash. United Compound Co.. Buffalo. N.f.
Ingrot Metals. Hamilton Pattern Works. Hamilton. Webster ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.
Frankel Bros., Toronto. Hamilton, Ont. Vibrators.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Small Angles.
Iron Cements. F. W. Quinn. Hamilton, Ont. Dom. Iron ft Steel Co., Sydney, N.3. Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.
Stevens. F. B.. Detroit, Mich. Canadian IngersoU-Rand Co., Ltd.,
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Soapstone.
Montreal.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia. Pa. Ltd,,
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Wall Channels.
Smooth-On iMfg. Co., Jersey City. rig Iron. Hamilton, Ont.
Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. Mich. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Dom.
Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N,S. Iron ft Steel Co., Sydney, N.S.
Frankel Bros., Toronto.
Iron Filler. Special Machinery. Welding and Cutting.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Pliosphorizers. Wells Pattern ft Machine Work*. Metals Welding Co., Cleveland, 0.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. McCulIoeh-Dalzell Crucible Company, Limited. Toronto.
Smooth-On Mfg. Co., Jersey City. Pittebunr, Pa. Wheels, Polishing, Abrasive.
Stevens. F. B.. Detroit, Mich. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N,Y, Sprue Cutters. Ford-Smith Machine Co., HamUton,
Ladles, Foundry. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd., Ont.
PlurabaKO. Hamilton. Ont. HamUton Facing MUl Co.. Ltd..
H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Hamilton, Ont,
H. S. Co., Toronto.
Carter ft J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia. Stevens, Detroit, Mich.
F.
Pa. F. B. Shuster Co., New Haven, Conn. B.,
Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd. Stevens. F. B.. Detroit. Mich. Stevens, F, B,, Detroit, Mich. United Compound Co., Buffalo, N,Y.
Hamilton, Ont, Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster &
Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Northern Crane Works, Walkerrille,
Ont.
Monarch Eng. &
Mtg. Co., Baltimore Platingr and Polishing Supplies. Squeezers, Power. Wire Wheels.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Davenport Machine & Foundry Co., Stevens, F. B., Detroit, .Mich.
Stevens, Detroit, Mich.
F. B., Facing MUl
Whiting
Iowa. Hamilton Co., Ltd.,
Foundry Equipment Co., Pneumatic Paint Spray. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.. HamUton, Ont,
IIar\ey, HI.
Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg, Hamilton, Ont, Webster ftSons, Ltd., Montreal.
Ont.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. W. W. WeUs, Toronto.
L,adle Heaters.
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co.. Steel Rails. Wire. Wire Bods and Nails.
JSaston, Pa. Polishins Wheels.
Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Dom. Iron ft Steel Co., Sydney, N.8. Dom. Iron ft Steel Co.. Sydn, N.S.
..
C ANA T) I A N F () UX I ) RY MAN
: ww/////www/w/www////////w//////////////////w//////Mww^//^
^i91 J 1 y
All metal from 50
Is Absolutely Uniform
lbs. to 10,000 lbs.
I ^i^ ^J*^'^
-i The Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co.
Easton, Penn., U.S.A.
ADVERTISING INDEX
Albany Sand & Supply Co.. Front Cover Hamilton Facing- Mill Co., Ltd. .. 25 Quinn, F. W 29
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co. . 32
Bailey & Son, R 27 Robeson Process Co. .Inside Back Cover
Bartley Crucible Co; 5 Kawin Co., Charles C
Berkshire Mfg. Co 1 Inside Front Cover
Seidel, R. B Inside Back Cover
Brown Specialty Machinery Co. ... 4
Lundy Shovel & Tool Co 27 Tabor Manufacturing Co
Can. Lal)oratories, Ltrl 29 Tilgliman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co.
Canada Niagara Device Co 27
Manufacturers Brush Co 32 Inside Back Cover
Carter & Co., H. S 27 Toronto Testing Laboratories, Ltd.. 28
.
I M PR OVE D IfiEl
however, for a partial substitution
of glutrin will rectify this.
jr^
CLEANING ROOM Established 1869.
in
First
business and leaders Our experts are at your service
ever since.
TWELVE REASONS why Tilghman-Brooksbank free of charge, to show you how this
New Sandblast Room Plants and Systems economy may be brought about.
are the BEST
Sdiiiy tht'm fnrefully:
Word from you will bring one of
1. Thest machines iiisme better working cnnflitions for the operator;
-.
3.
The
Only
initial
a
cost is very small:
veiT shalluw pit is reqnircd
these men.
4. The airin the room is changed from five to seven times everj-
minute, at very little cost
5. Simple in design
I.'. Gnaiantee<i to give (irst-clnss seiTice;
7. There are no wearable pints;
8. There is plenty of light for operator to work by;
9. The room is absolutely clear of all obstniction;
10.
11.
12.
Tlieie is no shoveling of sand or shot back into the machine-
Entirely automatic;
These machines will increase your output.
ROBESON PROCESS
WRITE FOR FULL IWUTICULARS AND REFERENCES.
We specialize in
SANDBLAST MACHINERY. HEILMBTS. GLOVES, RESPIRATORS
OPERATORS' COATS. G0(K;LES AND AIR COMPRESSORS.
COMPANY
.\lso Special Machines for Special Work.
Thi advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
C A X A I) I A N FO rN ]) RY MAN
ALBANY SAND
FROM THIS PILE
it iiica^urc- KMI Iccl wide. '>'i') feet Idii.L!, and 2.3 feet ln.ij,li.
1^
^\ "te^,(^-= ^ ^/iiUUM^ ''
OK
Uiuk
^b^^P^
.i- '^
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
CIRCULATES IN EVERY PROVINCE IN CANADA
i
gi
swil
^-ant Your CoW^^*
for
ALBANY SAND
NOW
Do not wait for the usual
CAR SHORTAGE
J. W. PaXSOn Co., Producers
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Canadian Agents
KAWIN
f^e /cey io
Grea fer Profit
^^^' arc practical, export fouiidryinen who
devote our entire time and knowledge to
making foundries ])ay larger dividends.
WE DO NOT WORK THROUGH
CORRESPONDENCE
])ut go right into your plant, study condi-
tions in every department, and see that
everything
('(juipment, men, methods
and material are what they should l)e for
maximum i-esnlts at mininnnn cost.
Our laboratories make chemical analysis of your mate-
rials, but our expert foundrymen instruct you how to
use them. Laboraturies uptTatu nij^lit and day, thus
insuring the promptest service possible.
Many of the largest, as well as the smallest progressive
loundries on tlie continent have been users of Kawin
Service for years does not this fact voice satisfaction
and value?
Berkshire
Air
Squeezers
Price,
With Air
Attachment,
$235.00.
Without Air
Attachment,
$185.00.
Did you notice that "The Foundry" and "The Engineering Magazine"
both leaders in Foundry and Machine Shop Progress, state that the
BERKSHIRE MACHINES are the ones used in The Ford Plant to
produce the most wonderful output ever accomplished in any foundry
460 molds per machine in eight hours. Nine machines produce 10,000
castings daily, averaging 3.6 pounds each. The Ford Company have con-
tinued to install these machines for the past four years. Hundreds of these
machines in use by the largest Automobile Factories in the world is there
any better proof of their efficiency?
Send us a sample of the casting you wish to make and we will give you an
estimate of what can be done.
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buijers Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
r"-""-"'^'*^ "%. "W"""%,. ^"'^' <^'^^
i i
I I .
I ....#
iif -.-^ I i
1 ill mill
3. m ^. lit
i i e
'4^,, m. m. "-m Ift
.....^
^.
"-m i
m.
/^- i C
m m \/.
i
I
I
w/
\y i f 1 1 %i
iAl:ij.>l. /
^.\
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
143 UNIVERSITY AVE. .
TORONTO. ONTARIO
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him,.
CANADIAN F O UN DRY MAN
TABOR
8" Power Squeezer Made
also
with Wheel Base with
Stationary
Designed to strad-
Base
dle the sand heap
and follow up the
floor. It is deservedly popular with
molders of malleable iron work, small
brass eastings, hardware castings and
other light snap-flask work.
POWER SQUEEZERS
Increase your Ca- Made in three designs
pacity at a lower
and sizes P o r t a b e 1
Dixon's Graphite
Crucibles
The man who uses them will satisfy
Joseph
MdnofacttiredFar OverSOYe^m Dixon
Crucible
J.H, Gauflfer 5' Co.
JERSEY C'ITY:-N J, U 5 A Company _
Established 1827
Crucibles of Ouality
Tilting Furnace
UNIFORM CRUCIBLES
Our Specialty.
Service and Durability
Ensures Economy.
Catalogue on roquost
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertiseynent tell hiTti.
CANADIAN F UNDRY MAN
Guess-work
John L. Hammer vs.
a practical foundryman, Science
designed the Hammer '*
There is as much difference be-
Core Machine/' tween the crucible steel made in the
old days and the Electric Steel made
to-day as there is between candle-
light and the MODERN ELEC-
Ira E. Burtis IRIC LIGHT.
The same comparison holds good
a practical foundryman, between foundries following Mc-
designed the "Duplex Sand Lain's System of making semi-steel
and those who are still in the dark.
Shaker."
McLAlN'S SEMI-STEEL for
the grey iron foundry stands
Each of these men built their for all the Electric Furnace
stands for in the steel foundry.
machines and tested them thor-
Many foinidrymen have long claimed
oughly in their own foundries.
we have nothing for them their men
in charge were TOP-NOTCHERS
Each knew the weak points to be their losses down to rock bottom, they
overcome. said, but NOWthev admit the
iMONEY THEY LOST by their old
methods would have paid a handsome
Each started with the idea of build-
dividend on their capital.
ing a better machine.
DON'T GUESS USE SCIENCE
Both Succeeded! We have \vliat you need iu your
foundry to produce better castings at
less cost. Don't continue to think you
Either of these machines will be
know it all this is a mistake and it is
sent to you on trial. This is your ^vo^thy our small fee to learn whether
you ai-e ahead of us or we ahead of ,you.
opportunity to prove our assertions.
DON'T DO CANDLE-LIGHT WORK
IN THIS ELECTRIC AGE
Write to-day.
Return coupon below no charge and
receive full particulars of McLain's
System of SCIENTIFIC MIXING
AND MELTING.
Brown Specialty J
McLAlN'S SYSTEM, 700 Goldsmith BIdg.
Machinery Co. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at tJic back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
" WABANA
MACHINE CAST PIG IRON
''
SALES OFFICES :
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
\ Impromptu Production
O Cartridge
of Shell
Cases
Staff Article
In addition to the manufacture of shrapnel and high explosive shells, there is also
being undertaken in our midst the production of the accessory brass cartridge cases for
these respective and meantime highly useful and necessary commodities. The accompany-
ing illustrations and description refer in their entirety to the methods and devices em-
ployed and the equipment adaptation found in the motive power department of one of
our leading railroad corporations-. It will be eudly apparent from perusal of the data that
ingenuity of no mean order has been displayed and relative success achieved.
TO-DAY, while there are upwards pose. In the shop which this article is punches fitted up on bulldozers, planers
of two hundred Canadian ma- intended to describe no special equip- and hydraulic presses have been most
chine shops engaged in the ment has been purchased to carry out carefully designed and delicately made.
manufacture of shells of various kinds, cartridge case work, and for that reason However, the varying natures of the
the number of concerns manufacturing the tools, fixtures, and machines
dies, machines to which they have been at-
the brass cartridge cases can perhaps be are all more interesting.
the This is tached verily causes us to hold up our
counted on the fingers of one hand. This true not onlv from their educational hands in wonder and astonishment.
industry will, no doubt, however, soon value to the men engaged in the busi- Tliese machines, which in times of peace,
occupy a larger portion of our attention ness, but because their very nature is so I'.avebeen employed exclusively in rail-
than it does to-day. Up until the pres- ingenious that tiie interest of every me- way work, are indeed now contributing
ent there has never been a demand for chanic and engineer, even though en- to a page in Empire history. Our en-
cartridge cases in Canada, hence there gaged in work of a vastly different char- gineers and shop superintendents have
was no machinery designed or installed acter, is attracted. risen to the occasion in developing tools
especially to serve this particular pur- Tiie elaborate svstem of dies and and in desiuning machines and equip-
and drawing.
100 CA NADIAN F UN I) RY MAN
ment, and the successful outcome sfiows vihiie the three sets of dies are on the boxes are put on trucks, which run on
them to be as resourceful and ingenious travelling carriage of the machine. The the standard gauge tracks throughout
as those of the older and perhaps more central punch performs the cupping the .shops, and are thus carried to the.
highly developed countries. t)])eration. Fig. 2 shows the nature of blacksmith shop, where the huge anneal-
Quality of Brass.
tlie dies and punch which cup the disc. ing furnaces are situated. The furnaces
The dies, as will be seen, are bevelled are of the oil-burning type, built in the
Whether manufacturing the short
shops of the company. One of these
cartridge case for the howitzer or the
furnaces is shown in Fig. 4, and each
long ease for the shrapnel, an extended
furnace is equipped with a Bristol
series of drawing-out processes is re-
pyrometer. The iron baskets which
quired and between each drawing-out
serve to hojd the cartridge eases are seen
operation, annealing must occur to re-
plainly, as the workmen are in the act
store to the metal the ductility which
of drawing out a basket.
the draw has destroyed. Tlie composi-
As the trucks are wheeled beside the
tion of the brass can be roughly stated
furnaces, men unload the cartridge
as being two parts copper and one part
FULL-SIZE SECTION OF BRASS cases from the boxes into the iron bas-
zinc. This metal possesses very high PERCUSSION PRIMER. kets and put these baskets of cartridge
tensile strength when annealed and of
at an angle of 45 degrees to facilitate type for the 4.5 howitzer. In this article
the proper hardness. It is received in
the entry of the disc therein. It will be only the former will be dealt with, that
large sheets or plates of .380 of an inch
noted that there is a small air vent in of the 4.5 howitzer cartridge case being-
in thickness. In this shop two types of
the punch which allows any trapped air reserved for treatment in a subsequent
cartridge cases are made. The first type
to escape, and thus prevents wrinkles is.'jne.
is for the 18-pdr. shrapnel shell which
is being manufactured in Canada to- in the cupped disc. For similar reasons,
practically all the punches arc equipped
day on a larger scale than tliat of any
with these air vents.
other. The second cartridge case is the
type for the 4.5 howitzer. In this article Bv referring to Fig. 3, the dimensions
(if the cupped disc are plainly seen. The
only the former will be dealt with, tliat
dies and punch are covered with mineral
of the 4.5 howitzer cartridge case being
tallow, which has been found to be about
reserved for treatment in a subsequent
issue.
tlie best lubricant for tliis work. The
third operation is annealing. Tlie cup-
CUPPING
18-pdr. Shrapnel Cartridge Case First ped discs are placed in boxes at the rear
FIG. 2. DIES.
Dim or MtiMurttcrum*,
STHMPINGr.
Din>M
t40 FlNISHINO.
FIG. 3. CARTRIDGE CASE FOR 18-PDR. Q.F. IN ITS VARIOUS STAGES OP MANUFACTURE.
102 CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
drawing operation accomplished after plished. No lubricant is used on the proximately four inches during the pro-
washing the eases. This drawing is done dies or the case. The punch is held in cess of indenting.
on a Williams & White bulldozer, but on the stationary portion of the press, and
a smaller machine than that on which on the table attached to the ram are
the cupping and first drawing opera- placed the dies. This table revolves,
and is located for pressing at every
quarter turn. The central die is pushed
into position by a lever at the first posi-
tion and is forced up into the cartridge
case. As soon as this is done, the table
is revolved by hand for one-quarter
turn, and the moment the table revolves
its stationary part comes under the cen-
tral die and holds it in place. After a
quarter has been traversed, a stop lo-
cates the table in position for another
FIG. 0 FIUST DRAW. cartridge case to be placed in the dies.
This done, another quarter turn of the
tions were done. The machine is, how- table is made, and here the whole table
ever, up with dies and punches
fitted is raised by the water pressure of the
similar to those shown in Fig. 1. The hydraulic ram. The punch causes the
details of the dies and punch are shown indentation to be made in the case. The
in Fig. 6. As will be seen here, these table is now lowered and given another
quarter tui-n, then raised again, thereby
causing the cartridge case and central
part of the die to be pushed out by a
fixture on the stationary head of the
press. The central portion of the die is
passed on to be again placed in position
to indent another case.
dies and punch are fitted to the bull- last annealed, they are ready for the torn and 3.729 inches at tlie mouth. The
dozer in much the same way as in the fifthdraw or the thirteenth operation. length of the case is also increased from
two previous drawing operations. Min- The ease lias now become so long that 7.S75 inches to 10.75 Indies. The eas(> is
eral oil and tallow are used on the case,
and soap and water is placed on the
punch and dies. These dies are equipped
also with stripping jaws. The cartridge
case outside diameter is reduced from
4.083 inches to 3.954 inches, while tht
length is increased from about four
inches to approximately 5.39 inches. The
inside diameter has also been' decreased
from 3.825 inches to 3.752 inches.
The shells are again taken to the
blacksmith shop for the tenth operation,
which is annealing, being again placed
in the furnace and kept for thirty-five
minutes at a temperature of 1,200 F.
Once more they are brought back to one
of the Williams & White bulldozers, on
the stroke required to accomplish these a bath of tallow and oil just pre-
,i:i\en
last two drawing out operations is great- vious to being put on the punch, while
er than that of the bulldozers, so planers the punch and dies are lubricated with
FIG 9.. THIIRD DRAW have been fitted up to do this work. Figs. soap and water. The cartridge case now
11 and 12 show two views of the punc'i passes on to the fourteenth operation
which they undergo the eleventh opera- and dies fitted to a Bertram standard where it is trimmed by little motor driven
tion or the fourth draw. The punch and type planer. The details of the dies and circular saws to nine inches length. The
dies, which are shown in Fig. 10, are punch are shown in Fig. 13. The dia- trimmed ends are collected and pressed
again covered witli soap and water, and meter of the cartridge case outside is in a hydraulic press into bales and are
the cartridge case is covered with tallow liere reduced from 3.845 inches to 3.789 sold to scrap dealers.
and oil.The outside diameter is de- inches, while the inside diameter is tap- The fifteenth operation consists of an-
creased from 3.954 inches to 3.845 ered. After the fourth draw, the inside nealing for thirty minutes in the oil
inches, and the inside diameter is de-
creased from 3.752 inches to 3.699 inches,
Fifth and Sixth Draws. diameter was 3.699 inches for the whole furnaces in the blacksmith shop, at a
When the cartridge cases return from depth, and after the fifth draw the in- temperature of 1200 degs. F. The shells
the blacksmith shop after having been side diameter is 3.679 inches at the bot- are then returned to the cartridge shop
104 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
for the sixthdraw which is the sixteenth piston ram is also clearly seen. No cliine finishing of the cartridge case and
operation. draw is also accom-
This lubricant used in the heading process.
is all the operations can be accomplished
plished on Bertram planers with the The cartridge cases are now shortened with one setting on one machine which
same lubricants. The outside diameter from 12 inches to 11.75 inches, and the is a special Bullard turret lathe. The
is now reduced to 3.74 inches, while the sliape of the head is seen in Fig. 3. After operations required are shown in the
inside diameter is shown clearly in Fis. this the cases are returned to the cart-
3. There are two tapers on the inside. ridge shop.
The length of the case has been increased Semi-Anneal and Tapering.
The nineteenth operation is to semi-
anneal the cartridge cases in a gas furn-
ace built in the shops. This furnace is
clearly seen in Fig. 16. There are eight
holes into which the cases are placed
mouth first. They are left there for
thirty-five seconds only, and then pass
to the twentieth operation which is tap-
erin in two stages on a Williams & White
bulldozer. Two sets of dies are placed
on this machine, and two operators are
required. The first operator receives the
cartridge case after it comes from the
semi-annealing and places it on the first
set of tapering dies. Wi^h the return
stroke of the bulldozer, the shell is taken
out and placed on tlie second tapering
FIFTH DRAW. dies, after which it is removed. Neat's- FIG. 14. SIXTH DRAW.
FIG. 13.
foot oil is used as a lubricant in this
]^rocess. Tlie tapers are clearly shown
to 13.35 inches in this operation. Details chart on Fig. 3. A turret is mounted on
shown in Fig.
in Fig. 3, also the accompanying elon-
and the lathe is equipped with
of the punch and dies are tlie lathe,
gations.
14. a hollow spindle and a special type of
Machining.
The seventeenth operation consists of friction chuck. The mouth of the cart-
IriniminfiT the shell down to 12 inches The twentv-first o)ieratiin is the ma- ridge case extends through the head-
leng-th, after which it is cleaned stock, and a boring tool is
in caustic acid and dried in mounted on an extension of the
sawdust. latlie bed. The cartridge case is
if the bodies are within the pro- Fig. -7 gives an idea of the
per limits to fit the dies. When turret tooling on these machines.
this test is passed a case is Thefre is fitted to the cross-
placed in the dies, and with a slide a tool which faces the end
of the cartridge case, and on
quarter turn of the table it is
completing this operation, as
placed under the heading punch.
the cross-slide is fed further in
The next quarter turn brings it
toward the centre. Other tools
from under the punch, and the work
are brought into the
third quarter turn brings the which turn the various dia-
dies. This hydraulic piston meters shown in Fig. 3 at the
which ejects the case from the head of the cartridge. All tools
dies. This hydraluic piston approach the work from the
thrusts the cartridge case up- FIG. 15. HEADING 18-PDR. SHRAPNEL SHELL CARTRIDGE near side, and the cartridge
ON AN 800-TON HDRAULIC PRESS.
CASEiS
ward until it is grasped by the case is chucked against a stop
Note at the left foreground the small hydraulic ram -which forces
jaws, which are shown clearly the cartridge case out of the dies and also the little jaws and the carriage is locked to
which hold it up from the dies as they return to their
in Fig. 15. The hydraulic normal position., the lathe bed. The cross-slide
CANADIAN F UNDRYMAN 105
is fed inwards until it is against a a separate machine. They are simply expanding collet chuck mounted in a
stop, hence the machine is almost fool chucked in a long jaw collet chuck and cast iron casing which is screwed to the
proof. After these operations, the tur- gripped firmly enough to resist the tend- live spindle of the lathe. This cast iron
ret tools are fed into the work. ency to turn with the boring tool and at ensin2- is verv lon<r. as th e whole lenjith
The first tool is a twist drill of several
diameters which is fed into the end of
the case, and when this tool has been
fed in the proper distance a stop indi-
cates same to the operator. The next is
a little tool on a horing bar which is
placed in the hole just bored. The tur-
ret is placedup against a stop and then
tlie work laterally by
tool is fed into the
means of a cam in the boring bar, which
cam is actuated by the little lever shown
in Fig. 17. This tool is so ground that it
cuts the undercuttinar groove shown in
the sametime not be sprung out of of the case has to be gripped, and the
shape. These lathes are usually hollow outer end is supported in a bearing
spindle machines, and a hand-wheel on which isbolted to the ways of the lathe.
the end of a rod is used as a medium The shell is chucked against a stop, and,
to open and close the jaws of the collet as the facing tool is fed into the work,
chuck. the cartridge ease is faced to length. The
Fig. 18 shows a Warner & Swasey tur- carriage is, of course, locked to the lathe
ret lathe tooled up for finishing the ways. Thus, when the cross slide is
heads of the cartridge cases. As will be moved so as to bring the turnino' tools
ffefiM.
HEADING DIES.
and ring gauges. The taper is tested Fig. 21, which illustrates the gauges and perfect, and without it there would be no
with the gauge shown in Fig. 20. tools used in the bench work. Next, the editors, devils or news.
I*
Notes and Observations on Modern Foundry Practice
By R. Onions
the introdnctlon to his paper, the author referred to
///
the fact that the art of ironfound-
ing was m
existence previous to the written records
of history. lie at the same time hazarded
the suggestion that to the scientist and practical man
of to-day it offered not only a ivide fi,eld
for research, but one also in which individualitij had
the tvidest possible scope
fish oils. Two parts of whale oil first class, and, say,
the day is becoming appreciably nearer
and one part of boiled linseed oil work three indifferent
when the iron foundry will again assert well. moulders, ma.y form a
its claim and demand wliole-heai'ted at- The bending of core irons in wooden squad. The leading
tention.
core, boxes
responsible for a good deal
is hand should be em-
In what follows in our present and of damage, involving pattern shop re- ployed in finishing and
immediately succeeding issues, sufficient pairs. Bad work and delay creep in if closing, and the others
of the substance of the subject matter patterns and core boxes are allowed to in ramming up and
discussed by the author in his paper
deterioriate. A periodic examination partly finishing. For
will be reproduced, so as to give an idea
and general clean up and varnishing is green sand everv man
of the comprehensiveness of the detail
embraced and incidentally re-awaken
the interest of foundrymen to the
achievement possibilities of their craft
and callino-.
Core Making. good practice; it leads to the worker must know his job, the drying very often
flood results are obtained by the use taking more interest in his job; and making good the defective venting and
of sea sand and oil for certain classes tends to recruit a better class of man. ramming which would be quite fatal to
of core work, such, for instance, as the
When quantities enter into the ques- the green sand mould. Dry sand cast-
core required for the combustion chamb-
tion, labor-saving devices should be con- ings are not so sharp as green sand; the
er of gas or oil engine and steam ports sidered,and by attention to details difference being quite noticeable in fine
of cylinder, where the core is entirely which go towards eliminating the fatigue pattern work.
surrounded and good venting is neces- of the operator, particularly where girl There are many quite elementary
sary. A man will take five or six hours
labor employed, the output will be
is points which are found in actual prac-
to make the water jacket core irons for enhanced. It should, therefore, be an tice to be missed, and so cause serious
a gas engine of 100 h.p., and a great
axiom not to do anything by manual lab- leakage in the way of lost work. A pipe
deal of care is necessary to have the
or which may sensibly be performed by for example should not be rapped side-
vtnts from all the parts to the outlet.
power. The illustration on next page ways, but tapped lightly on both ends
Such a core is well suited for oil sand,
sliows such a device, being a pneumatic
and. when it is used, no grid is required, with a wooden mallet. Rapping side-
core box cramp, which is operated by the
as the core dries so hard that a few irons ways tends to disturb the sand along the
opo!iing or closing of the air tap.
crossed and tied for lifting purposes are edge of the box, nevertheless, it is the
all that is wanted. Green or Dry Sand Castings. practice with moulders to loosen pipe
*Friiiii
The main points to consider when de- patterns sideways. The advent of the
jiaper read recently before
:[
the
Aianchester A.ssopiatlon of Engineers. ciding what castings to make in green or moulding machine with its vibrator has
:
isfactorily up to 900 ft. per minute, and tion of the carbon dioxide again.
corrosion and not be too brittle. The
to have test which must
pieces cast
Experiments have been made with the
following mixture of metal is cheap and
satisfy severe and tensile
transverse
Greiner and Erpf's air distributor and
meets the conditions well
tests. The foundry man meets the con- otlier experiments with the ordinary
Lead 5% ditions demanded sometimes by the tuyeres in tlie wav of sending the blast
Antimony 10% grading of metal or the placing of run- such as obtainincr
in different directions,
Tin . . .
.'
5% ning gate or risers over particular places, a swirling- motion, directing the blast
all moulding machines, except tlie
In wliilst cases will occur where all ordinary
downwards and with the openinss made
classwhere a stripping plate is used, the methods and the desired result after
fail
to increase the velocity tfi send the air
method of first starting tlie draw should many only possible by the ap-
trials is to the centre. These went tn confirm
be so under the control of tlie operator plication of a chill or densifier at some that the tuyeres arranged horizontally
that any degree of movement may be particular spot. and directed towards the centre, witli an
obtained whilst the vibrator Chills.
is still in increasing area to give a soft and well-
action, as moulders know it is on the first Chills may
be cast in the body of cast- distributed blast, having a velocity not
attempt to disturb the pattern that ings and remain as part of the finished exceedins: 2.500 ft. per minute, will give
damage may be done. pioduct, as in the case of flywheel C'ood all-round results; the linin? under
Centres of pin holes and sizes of boxes bosses, where a ring of cast iron may be tliese conditions being easily repaired
are important matters to determine, as placed in the heavy section, but clear of and the shape readilv maintained.
thev soon multiply in number, and the machined surface. We have also the A receiver attaclied to the side or hot-
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 109
torn of a cupolaappears to claim a good DOMINION STEEL CORPORATION part of the shells which Canada is sup-
many advantages. By mixing thorough- NEAR CAPACITY. plying made in Canada, and as far as
ly the various grades of metal, and by THAT the mills of the Dominion Steel possible of Canadian products. The
allowing the metal as it melts to flow Corporation are as active at present as smelting of copper in Canada is now
away from the influence of the coke, it during the busiest periods of its history, considered feasible, and the plant will
will pick up less of its impurities. It is the statement made by J. H. Plummer,
in all probability be located in New
also has the advantage that, by taking the president. Operations are now be- Ontario. Canada is now turning out
away the slag, apart from the furnace ing carried on at about 90 per cent, of 30,000 shells a day, and Canadian fact-
proper, the coke is not brought down so the capacity of the entire works, and ories are making high explosive as well
quickly; on the other hand, it takes a there are orders on the books of the com- as shrapnel shells. A very large amount
little longer to get hot metal than is the pany which assure operations to the of Canadian lead has been used in the
case with the ordinary cupola. same extent for at least the next four manufacture of munitions for the Brit-
months. Business on normal Canadian ish army, the lead mines having con-
Attempts have frequently been made
account is, however, practically, nil. tributed 50,000 tons of lead, shipped to
to economize the fuelby connecting the
top of the receiver to the cupola and
England since the outbreak of the war.
At the present time the output of the
so making use of a hot blast. With such Dominion Steel Company is about as
an arrangement difficulty is experienced large as during the most active periods
owing to the connecting pipe getting in its history. It should be explained, ROD CASTING IN NON-FERROUS
choked with a kind of slaa deposit, im- however, that the business almost en-
is METALS.
pinged quite hard against the interior, tirely for export, and therefore, not so A NOVEL method of easting rods in
ifl the form of sparks. Temperature haS' profitable as domestic trade. The rail non-ferrous metals is now being used in
a considerable influence on the micro- mills will presently begin rolling on the the United States. It is known as the
structure of castings. For one cause or 35,000-ton order received for shipment Mellen method, after its inventor, and
another, various castings have to be cast to South Africa, while the steel re- was described in a paper read before the
at different temperatures, so that prac- quired for the manufacture of 1,500,000 American Institute of Mining Engineers
ticallv every casting will have a corre- shells will mean at least partial opera- some time ago. The moulds are formed
sponding casting temperature to suit all- tions of the bar mill for at least six by cutting grooves in two blocks which
round conditions. months. Inquiries now being received face each other. Two endless chains are
give encouragement that further new formed of a series of these blocks, and
Castings Cost.
business will develop in rails and other are arranged to run in vertical water-
When considering the question of
products in due course. cooled guides. The liquid metal is poured
costs of castings, we must look at it
from a point which goes beyond the in at the top and the velocity of the
foundry as, after all, this is only one
STEEL INGOT MOULDS.
chains of moulds, or the height of the
machine, is such that by the time the
of several sections of an engineering
works which go to make the whole. Here, INGOT moulds made of hematite iron, moulds open where they turn round the
then, it is necessary to exercise a good says Le Genie Civil, have not given satis- bottom guide pulleys the metal is solid.
deal of sound judgment, which can only factory results, and are now in some Thus a continuous rod of solid metal
come by long experience. For instance, works replaced by ingot moulds made of issues from the lower end. The flow of
a slight increase in foundry costs may re- cast steel, which offer important advan- liquid metal is controlled by an elec-
sult in a large decrease in finishing costs. tages over the cast iron ones. It is true trically-operated mechanism.
Certain holes, say, in a bedplate, may that they cannot be cooled down by
do quite well if cored, but from their water, and that a large area is required
position in the mould the risk of a to allow them to cool down in the air, MONTREAL CUSTOMS RECEIPTS.
"crush" may be too great to set against but this is the sole disadvantage atten-
FOR the month of May, 1915, the Cus-
the drilling time. dant upon their use. In the manufac-
toms receipts at the Montreal Custom
ture of steel ingot moulds, the core con-
Management and Organization. House came within $157,173.02 of equal-
sists of an inner cast iron centre sur-
On drawing this paper to a close, it ing the receipts for the same month in
rounded by straw, on which is put the 1914. If it had not been for the scarcity
may be as well to pause for a moment loam covering, 70 mm. (2% in.) thick;
and ask ourselves the question, "What of tonnage, which has made it difficult
this thickness is made up of successive
does successful iron founding mean?" for Canadian merchants to get goods
layers, the core being dried in the stove
However necessary good equipment and from Great Britain, the receipts for last
after each layer. When completed, the
tools may be, they are useless in the month would probably have exceeded
cores are placed in cast iron boxes lined
hands of bad management and poor or- those of May last year. If the same
inside with firebrick and a layer 20 mm.
ganization. It may be conceived on this number of regular liners had been com-
(% in.) thick of loam. Cast steel ingot
score alone that the so-called out-of-date ing to the port as there were last year,
moulds have an average life of 380
shop may beat a foundry equipped on castings. it is estimated that they would have been
the most up-to-date lines. Clearly then able to carry considerable cargoes,
it is not so much the equipment we have owing to stocks being low in the country.
to look to, as the supervision and the COPPER REFINING PLANT PRO- The total receipts for May were $1,-
skilled men of the foundry, and as they POSED 854,980.45, as against $2,012,153.47 in
are the men who earn the profit, every- THE establishment of a plant for
thing possible should be done to relieve
May of last year. For April, the re-
copper refining will likely take place,
them of anything which may take them ceipts were $1,580,738.38, as against $1,-
following a conference recently held be-
off their job in short, tlie skilled man tween the Minister of Militia, General
571,255.19. Up to the end of May the
is no use when laborins'. receipts in 1915 have been $8,342,419.23,
Hughes, the chairman of the Shell Com-
mittee, Col. Bertram, Col. Carnegie, Dr. made up as follows: January, $1,541,-
ELECTRIC IRON ORE SMELTING IN ture and blending of the ore, the quality air being blown into the furnace. This
NORWAY. of the coke, and the quality of pig-iron pig can thus with advantage be used for
Sweden the adoption of electric wanted. Charcoal, as already mentioned, all kinds of foundry goods which require
IN furnaces for the reduction of iron is not used. much strength, such as cylinders, presses,
ore apparently spreading', and the
is
all four furnaces have been worked reg- to be set from two to six times a day with NICKEL DEMAND TAXES
ularly, one being- always kept in reserve. the English wire, whereas with American CANADIAN OUTPUT.
Each furnace produces about 9 tons per wire adjustment is necessary only once THE unprecedented demand for nickel,
(lay, or 27 tons for the three, making- every two or three days. This means not largely for the manufacture of muni-
some 10,000 tons per annum. The per- only loss of time, but expenditure in labor tions of war for the allies, has necessi-
centage of pig-iron from tlie ore varies for sharpening the cutters. The consump- tated a further increase in the output of
from 44 to 47 per cent, according to the tion of nails is extraordinary. the leading producers of the Copper
<)uality of the latter. The current in the One of the two factories in Sydney Cliff, Ont., district.
furnace may be as much as 1,200 k.w. never allows its stock of nail wire to get
The reverberatory furnace department
to 1,400 k.w.
Engineering. below 200 tons. Even in a brick building
of the Canadian Copper Co. was started
there is a considerable quantity of nails
used for flooring, but in weather board
up recently for the first time since last
August. This will take care of all the
ONTARIO MINERAL PRODUCTION. houses the consumption is enormous, and
fine ore from the mines not used in the
THE production of gold, nickel and iron practically all the houses in the country
blast furnaces, as well as the flue dust,
ore in Ontario increased during the first and a fair proportion in the cities are of
and will smelt some 15,000 tons of ore
three months of the year, but the out- weather board. The trade is worth cap-
The and wedge fur-
put of silver, copper, pig iron, cobalt, turing.
C.C. Journal.
a month. ball mill
nace plant will also be put in operation
and cobalt and nickel oxides substantially to pulverize and roast the ore for the
decreased. The drop was most notice- reverberatory.
able in silver and pig iron, the decrease FURNACE RECORD WITH DRY
BLAST. Even with the present smelter going
in the former being about 30 per cent,
full blast the output will not be suffi-
and the latter 50 per cent. The in-
in A NOTEWORTHY record was made in
cient to meet the demand, and the con-
crease in the production of gold amount- April by furnace B of the Steel Com-
struction of a new 25-foot blast furnace
ed in value to $365,541, the total for the pany of Canada plant at Hamilton, Ont.
has already been begun. This is larger
quarter being $1,568,043. The furnace was operated with dry blast
than any blast furnace in the district,
Low prices of silver and the sliortago carrying an average of 0.826 grains of
though it is surpassed in size by some of
of water for power purposes, which im- moisture per cubic foot, the average
the furnaces in the West. It is planned
peded operations, are chiefly responsible moisture in the atmosphere during the
to have the new furnace in operation by
for the fall in silver production, al- same period being 2.841 grains per cubic
the fall.
though the exhaustion of some properties foot. The yield of ores for the month
which formerly produced freely was a was as follows For basic iron, 50.64
:
More ore is being mined at the
per cent.; for foundry iron, 51.55 per Creighton mine than ever before, and
factor. There is little demand for iron
preparations are being made for a con-
ore. which explains the drop in output. cent.:
Basic Iron. siderably increased production. Already
and the war has shut off all exports of Day of Product. Average Coke per
(;xides to Europe. On the other hand, the Month. gross tons. silicon. ton, lb. work has been begun on the sinking of
1 474 1.25 2016 the new inclined five-compartment shaft,
war has boomed the nickel industry, and 17 445 1.09 207:}
IS 418 1.00 1976 and, in addition to this, a complete new
all mines are being worked to full capa-
19 463 1.08 1861
412 1.00 2151
hoisting and rock crushing equipment
city. 20
21 473 1.09 1892 will be installed.
Tlie following are the eomparaitive 22 4.83 . K 181S
figures for the quarter: 33
24*
453
418 1.05
.95 1917
2100
When complete, the new hoist will be
1st 3 months. Decrease. 25 479 1.05 1833 surpassed by only one mine on the con-
2 438 1.10 1965
Gold .$1,568,043*$ 365,541 27* 4.32 .89 1914 tinent, namely, at North Butte. Many
Silver 2,488,909 1,060,647 28 463 .73 1861 new houses are being built and many
29 4.56 .87 1925
Copper 526,338 65,650 30* 473 .64 1802 others transported on flat cars from the
Nickel 1,496,622 *50,610 Average 452 .97 1911
company's town at No. 3, Frood mine,
Iron ore 50,592 *37,664 Foundry Iron. which has been closed down since last
2 326 2.71 2532
Pis- iron 1,158.462 1,344,088 3 374 3.15 2256
August.
Cobalt 3,718 5,180 4 347 3.25 2407 The demand for nickel has resulted in
5 SftS 2.90 2200
Cobalt and nickel 6 .m 2.31 2156 the International Nickel Company in-
oxides 7 .379 2.23 2067
19,686 149,279 8 383 2.60 2177 creasing the dividend on its common
'Increase. 9 390 3.97 2140 stock. A large number of the employees
10 3) 3.16 2102
11 391 2. 98 21.37 of the Canadian Copper Co. are holders
12 3.0 3.08 2198
of this stock, a certain number of shares
OPENING FOR NAIL WIRE IN 13
14
387
418
3.01 2201
20;
2.63 being allotted to each employee yearly,
AUSTRALIA. 15 417 2.70 2000
16 398 2.60 2030 under a plan similar to that in force at
AN opening for trade in Australia is in
the U. S. Steel Co. and several other
the supply of wire for making nails. Average 3S1 2. .82 2157
All
large plants.
supplies at present are received from the Lost 38, o.T, 55 min. tuyeres respectively.
United States. American nail wire is The war has been the principal cause
found most suitable, not only for the nail
m of the big demand for nickel, as the
itself, but for tlie nail-making machine. Detonating. If iron is liammered it metal used in cartridge cases as well
is
Some years ago English wire was tried, becomes hot. Similarly, if gunpowder as in armor plate, which averages 3 per
but did not suit, and then a trial was is liammered it becomes hot enoush to cent, nickel. Nearly all the nickel is
made with German, with like results. explode. The method of explodins' gun- now sold in the metallic form, while be-
Moreover, from the similarity of the Eng- cotton is by means of fulminate of mer- fore the war nearly half was sold as
lish and German wires it was judged that cury, which, when ig-nited by a blow, oxide.
the Ena'lish wire was drawn from German expands to 2500 times its own size. In Varying percentages of copper are
rods. The English wire, it is stated, dis- expanding with enormous rapiditv it and the
also contained in all the ores,
arranged the cutters of the machine, and gives to the 2un-cotton sun-ounding it, fact that this metal has been selling
the head stampers also, more frequently a blow sufficiently severe to ignite the around 19c has increased considerably
than the American. The machine needed latter. the profits of the companies operating.
NEW EQUIPMENT FOR FOUNDRIES
A Record of New and Improved Machinery Tending Towards Higher
Quality, Output and Efficiency in the Foundry and Pattern Shop.
AN ALUMINUM FURNACE. combustion to traverse the melting which is cut away to allow the movable
The loss of pressure is so slight that it 000, the company recently commenced
chine or application of compressed air,
can not be detected by a gauge and the operations, the blast furnace being now
and the actual net production of air by
within meter can not be injured by a flow in at work and the rest of the plant is
any pump or compressor its
excess of its metering capacity There rapidly approaching completion. Con-
capacity. The meters have only one mov-
element which and are no leather pockets, rubber or leather tracts have already been taken for the
ing floats on air, is
bearings, gears, valves or other supply of large quantities of steel rails
consequently frictionless and non-wear- discs,
jiartswhich can develop defects to affect for the Transcontinental Railway and
ing.
the accuracy; while the use of bronze for the various State Railway Systems
The principle on which these meters throughout the Commonwealth. The
parts prevents corrosion or rusting.
operate is the well-known law deduced company has started operations at a
The Tool-om-eter (10 to 100 feet capa-
by the French scientist Poncelet, which singularly opportune time when oversea
may be briefly stated as follows: The city, 1 in.openings) is designed to apply
competition is minimized by the exces-
to small tools, such as chipping and rivet-
volume of a definite compressed fluid or sive freight rates now ruling. In no
ing hammers, plug, hammer and air-feed
gas flowing under small constant head branch of production is it more impera-
same drills, wood boring and metal drilling
through multiple oriflces of the tive that a country should be indepen-
machines, etc., rated by manufacturers
shape and size is directly proportional dent of outside supplies than in iron and
to the number of oriflces exposed to tne
steel, and in the matter of large contracts
flow.
for the railways and other public utili-
The moving element consists of a ties, the company is bound to receive a
weighted piston in the upper or metering preference in accordance with the es-
cylinder, a small piston in the oil dash- tablished precedent of the country.
pot cylinder and a rod joining the two When the works are completed, the plant
]iistons and extendins' upward where it will, in addition to steel rails, produce
moves freely, without contact, inside the structural steel, angle iron bars, sheets,
sight glass at the top of the meter. This fencing wire and allied goods.
rod rises and falls with the pistons so In South Australia, the company
that its height in the sight glass cor- owns a most valuable mountain of iron
responds exactly to the position of the stone of exceptional quality which is
piston in the metering cylinder. The conveyed by steamer, some 1,100 miles,
scale plate mounted against the outside to the extensive plant erected beside the
of the sight glass permits reading the flnest coal mines in the Southern Hemis-
exact height of the top end of the rod. phere.
Air enters at the lower left-hand open-
ing into the chamber surrounding the
dashpot cylinder and passes through GOVERNMENT WORKS WILL BE
ported openings into the interior of the CONTINUED.
metering cylinder, tlie wall of which is IN connection with the request of the
drilled with a large number of small, delegation of Canadian Mayors that
accurately reamed holes uniformly measures be taken by the Dominion Gov-
spaced. To pass to the outlet chamber ernment to relieve unemployment, it is
the air lifts the piston and exposes some announced that the Government will
of the holes to the flow. continue the construction of all public
A
small "head," or difference of works under contract in Canada. The
pressure, is established between the in- total expenditure of the Dominion for
terior of the cylinder and the outlet the year, apart from the war, will reach
chamber; this pressure difference, only $200,000,000, while the war expenditure
a few ounces per square inch, being fixed will make $100,000,000 additional. The
COMPRESSED AIR METER.
by the exact weight of the moving ele- Federal Government is, therefore, rais-
ment and the area of the piston on which at not over 60 feet per minute when ing about $1,000,000 per day, exclusive
the difference of pressure acts. The mov- new. of Sundays, to maintain its existing pro-
ing element rises until the weight is ex- The Drill-om-meter (50 to 300 feet gramme and carry on the war.
actly suppor'ted by the difference in capacity, 2 in. openings) is adapted to In addition to outlays in other de-
pressure. The pistons and rod are then mounted rock drills, coal punchers, dia- partments, the Government programme
floating in static balance in a position mond sand blasts, air lifts, chan-
drills, for the current year includes expendi-
corresponding exactly to the volume of nelers, hoists, pumps, pile hammers, mo- ture upon public works of over $25,000,-
air flowing, the number of holes exposed tors, etc., where the actual consumption 000, on railways and canals of $27,000,-
and the height of the top of rod in is not over 300 feet per minute. 000, on capital account alone and on
sight glass. It is evident that the meter works of Harbor Commissioners of over
automatically adjusts itself to the con- $3,500,000.
ditions required by the principle or na- STEEL WORKS AT NEWCASTLE. Since the outbreak of the war, the
tural law stated above. The divisions of N. S. W. Dominion has used every effort not only
the scale plate are calibrated by com- OF more than passing interest to the to prosecute the war, but to minimize
parison with a standardized instrument administrations of Canadian steel pro- unemployment in Canada by maintain-
to read correctly. ducts plants is the following statement ing its programme of public works, in-
It should be noted that this is not a from the columns of the "Weeklj' Bul- cluding the I.C.R. terminals at Halifax,
velocity meter which would give readings letin," Department of Trade and Com- Welland Canals, Quebec Bridge, N.T.R.
proportional to the square of the volume merce, Ottawa, relative to the establish- and Hudson Bay Railroads, terminal
flowing, but is a direct volume gauge ment of a steel works of considerable elevators and harbors at Halifax, St.
with a uniform scale on wliich one cubic rragnitude at Newcastle, New South John, Quebec, Montreal, Toronto, Ham-
foot is represented by the same distance Wales, Australia: ilton, Port Arthur and Fort William,
whether working at low or high capacity. After an expenditure of about $5,000,- Vancouver and Victoria.
114 CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
Figuratively speaking-, the fiery cross is ablaze through-
The MacLean Publishing Company out the length and breadth of the British Isles and this
LIMITED Dominion of ours calling- for enlistment to the ammunition
(ESTABLISHED 1888.)
supply column, and as a consequence, mechanics of every
JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN
H. T.
H. V.
HUNTER
TiBKELL
-----
- - -
.
-
- - - President
General Manager
Asst. General Manager
rating-
thoug-h
have little difficulty in finding- employment, al-
due to the scope of the offerings they are perhaps
PUBLISHERS relatively unsettled in determining what for them will
ultimately have been the wisest course of action.
A mechanic and a soldier are synonymous tenns these
^IA|^pU)NDBYMA|S days, each being- the complement of the other, and at no
time in the world's history has this particular fact been
General 113
Works at Newcastle. N.S.W
Steel Government Works all the foregoing, hit our engineering and metal working
Will be Continued. plant managements hardest.
Editorial 114
Recriiiting Our Mecliaiiics for Britain. We meantime neither our Govern-
quite realize, that
Plating and Polisliing Department 1 IS-lIfi ment nor any Department of it may interfere with the
Regulation of Electrn-t.vping Solutions. ... Caiinila's liberty of our mechanics to choose for themselves what
Electro-plating Craft Honored.
General they shall do or where they shall go. We have neither got
116
Organized Development of Canaiiian Expoi'fs. . . . .\i<-kel to the stage of martial law nor any other law which may
and Aluminum.
make of us unwilling accessories, but we have reached the
Trade Gossip. Catalogues (Advtg. Section) '.'O-J!)
point at which a clear declaration should be forthcoming-
of the absolutely certain, and, as well, almost certain,
RECRUITING OUR MECHANICS FOR BRITAIN. war business which our craftsmen will not only get the
COINCIDENT with the development of shrapnel and opportunity to produce but will have to do so right here
high explosive shell manufacture here in Canada, in at least the near future months, or, for that matter,
and arising- also out of organized concentration in while the war lasts. An idea is all too prevalent among
the Motherland to produce an output of these and other our people, be it inspired or otherwise, that we are simply
equally effective mechanisms, contrivances and engines of stopping tlie ga)) until the British plants be extended,
war to supply in full measure the most exacting require- ultra-equipped and definitely organized, and this feature
ments vf our soldiers and sailors and their allied comrades, is, we believe, more than anything else, responsible for
there has arisen a somewhat natural demand for all classes the ease with which our mechanics can be constrained to
of mechanics. leave our shores.
:
REGULATION OF ELECTROTYPING some future edition of this circular. that the excess density of the solution
SOLUTIONS. The Bureau is not yet able to recom- (above that of water) is approximately
SOLUTIONS employed for copper mend any composition of the solutions proportional to the content of the dis-
electrotyping contain, in addition to as best adapted to any given conditions solved substances.
water, only copper sulphate, and sul- of operation. In various commercial so- Specific Gravity. If a specific-gravity
phuric acid. Since these substances and lutions thus far tested, the specific hydrometer is employed, divide the dif-
also the anode copper are generally gravity ranges from 1.12 (15.5 Be) to ference between the observed and desired
fairly pure, there is no marked tendency 1.20 (24.2 Be) and the acidity from 25 specific gravities by the difference be-
for impurities to accumulate in the solu- g/1 (3.3 oz./gal.) to 90 g/1 (12 oz./gal.). tween the observed specific gravity and
tion. The principal changes taking place In general, the lower the voltage em- the specific gravity of water, which is
in the composition of such solutions are ployed the more acid is required to pro- 1.000. The result is the percentage of
due to mechanical loss of the solution ad- duce a given current strength and rate the solution whicii should be replaced
hering to the "cases" (cathodes) when of deposition, and vice versa. For the with water.
removed from the vats, and solution of a present, each operator should find a com- Therefore, replace with water 10.6 per
greater amount of copper from the position of solution wliich will give him cent., of the solution, or 10.6 gallons for
anodes than is deposited on the cathodes. satisfactory results under his conditions, every 100 g-allons in the vat.
The first factor would in itself cause and maintain it as nearly constant as Beaume. If a Beaume hydrometer be
a decrease in the density of the solutions, possible by adjusting the density and used, the calculations are even simpler,
if, as is customary, the level of tlie latter acidity at regular intervals (e. g., once a and for practical purposes are sufficiently
be maintained approximately constant. accurate. In this case we simply divide
Water should be added to the vats at the difference between the observed and
AMERICAN ELECTRO-PLATERS' SO-
intervals in order to replace that lost by CIETY, TORONTO BRANCH. desired density, in degrees Beaume, by
evaporation. The second action will Officers the observed degrees Beaume. to obtain
Fresirtent John A. Magill, 591 St.
cause a decrease in the acidity and an Clarens Ave., Toronto. the percentage of the solution to be re-
increase in the density of the solutions,
Vice-iPresideni ^William Salmon, 48 Oak placed with water.
Street, Toronto.
owing to a consumption of sulphuric
Secretary ^Eirnest Coles, P.O. Box 5 Determination of Acidity.
acid, with the production of a corres- Coleman, Ont.
ponding amount of copper sulphate. In Treasurer Walter S. Barrows, 62. Principle. The amount of free sul-
Dovercourt Road, Toronto. phuric acid in the solution is determined
all cases thus far observed, the latter PLACE AND DATES OF MEETING.
effect is predominant. The exact causes The Ocpideut Hall, corner of Queen by measuring the volume of an alkali
of this consumption of acid and the best
and Bathurst iStreets. Fourth Thursday solution of known strength which is re-
of each month, at 8 p.m.
method of reducing or eliminating it are quired to neutralize the acid present in
now the subjects of investigation by this a measured volume of the solution. An
Bureau. week) by the methods described in the indicator (methyl orange) is added to
Solutions Composition. following sections. the solution in order to show, by its
change in color, when all the acid is
In general, necessary at intervals
it is Density.
neutralized by the alkali. The method
to determine and correct the composition Before testing solutions, they should as applied to sucii .solutionsi is not orig-
of the solution. The mere detenninatiou always be adjusted to the normal level of inal, having been published by Wogrinz
of the density of such solutions, whether the vats by the addition of water if ne-
in 1913. Even before that time it was
with a Beaume or specific gravity iiydro- cessary, and thoroughly mixed. The used in a few electrotyping establish-
meter, is not sufficient to fix their com- hydrometer should always be read in the ments in this country. The only essen-
position. If, however, the density of the same way, preferably by floating it in a tial pieces of apparatus for making this
solutions and also the amount of free glass jar or cylinder containing the solu-
test are a pipette to measure the coi)pei',
sulphuric acid present are determined, tion. By placing the eye slightly below
the standard alkali, and a few bottles.
the composition is fixed. Thu-s, for ex- the level of the solution, and then gradu-
ample, a solution with a specific gravity ally raising the eye, the surface, first seen Solutions.
of 1.16 (20 deg. Beaume) and containing as an eclipse, becomes a straiglit line, the Alkali. A
sodium hydroxide (caustic
45 grams per liter (6 ounces per gallon) intersection of which with the hydro- soda) solution of any known and con-
of free sulphuric acid has a perfectly de- meter scale should be taken as the read- venient strength may be employed. In
finite and reproducible composition. The ing of the hydrometer. For practical the preliminary circular a solution pre-
above figures do not, to be sure, indicate purposes, and especially for comparison, pared of a strength (0.61 normal)
the amount of copper sulphate present the readings will usually be sufficiently equivalent in the titration to 3.0 grams
in such solution, but this is of no conse- accurate if made by observing tlie hydro- per liter of sulphuric acid was suggested.
quence to an electrotyper except when meter scale above tlie surface of tlie In view of the greater ease of securing a
he is preparing a new solution. For such liquid. The density should always be nonnal solution of sodium hydroxide we
cases, tables showing the amount of cop- taken at approximately the same tem- now recommend the use of a normal so-
per sulphate required to produce solu- jjerature, preferably 60 deg. F. lution. One cubic centimeter (1 c.c.) of
tions of any desired density, with anj' Having determined the density of the such a solution will neutralize 0.049
specified acid content, would be desir- solution (which will usually be found to grams of sulphuric acid. If, therefore, a
able, and will probably be prepared for be higher than is desired), it may be ad- sample or 10 c.c. or 1-100 of a liter of
justed to the desired density by the fol- the copper solution be titrated, each
*Issned by Department of Commerce, Wash-
ington, D.C. lowing method, based on the assumption cubic centimeter of the sodium hydrox-
factory results and to devise methods for ter Fraine, Dayton, Ohio.
added for each 100 gallons of the bath,
deduct the amount of sulphuric acid
controlling its composition. Additions Editor-in-Chief. Col. J. H. Hanjos-
of such substances as sodium chloride, ten, Kokomo, Indiana.
thus found, from the prescribed content,
ammonium chloride, boric acid, vanadi- The next convention will be held in
and multiply the result by 0.83. Since
um salts, etc., render the testing and ad-
one gallon is equal to .3.79 liters, or 100 Toronto, Ont., in July, 1916.
justment of the solutions far more com-
gallons equal to 379 liters, we multiply
plicated, and sliould not be u.sed except
by 379 the number of grams per liter re- so far as it can be shown that any bene-
quired and since there are 454 grams in
;
ficial effect exerted by them outweighs
ORGANIZED DEVELOPMENT OF
one pound, we divide the last result by
the above objection.
CANADIAN EXPORTS.
454. For practical purposes, therefore, ANNOUNCEMENT is made that plans
we multiply by 379^-545 or 0.85. For whereby Canadian manufacturers and
any given capacity of tank, the correct producers should have opportunity to
factor can be readily determined. CANADA'S ELECTRO-PLATING push their wares in the world's markets
In the above operations and calcula-
CRAFT HONORED. have taken definite shape. Application is
tions extreme accuracy is not required, THE third annual convention and exhi- being made for a Federal charter for a
since all that can be accomplished is to bition of the American Electro-Platers' company to be incorporated with an
keep the composition of the solutions Society was held at Dayton, Ohio, from authorized capital of half a million dol-
approximately constant. The chief value .Tune 3 to 5 inclusive. The meetings were lars. Provisional directors have been
CA N .\ D I AN F UN DRY MAN 25
FOUNDRY
Necessities
EXTRA QUALITY
CEYLON PLUMBAGO /^UR goods are made at
^^ home from the best ma-
No. 1 CEYLON terial procurable and every step
PLUMBAGO in their manufacture is under
the scrutiny of experts.
IMPERIAL PLUMBAGO
Supplies always ready for immediate
shipment no holding up by customs or
FAULTLESS STOVE- lack of shipping facilities, and you pay
PLATE FACING no duty, or extra price on account of
high tariff.
H. F. M. BLACK CORE Drop a line for catalog-
COMPOUND
Coke or Charcoal Basket Made ot L'alvanized steel wire. Bench Ramnieri Made from Maple Haidwiioj well oiled.
// u iKit ijou want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Director)/ at the back.
26 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
named and managers appointed. The com- brought about by the war, and to develop NICKEL AND ALUMINUM.
pany is to be known as the Export Asso- and carry on the export trade in Can- By E. V. Pannell.*
ciation of Canada, Limited, and the head adian products upon national co-opera-
IT seldom that we are at variance
is
office will probably be in Montreal. tive lines. Assurances have been given of
with the views of your journal, but our
co-operation by the Dominion Govern-
To Operate on Broad Lines. attention has been called particularly to
ment, the railways and large manufactur-
It is intended that the company shall the statements of your contributor on
ing interests for the proposed organiza-
operate on broad national lines, and
tion.
page 84 of a recent issue. In making
while the leading part in its formation is certain claims on behalf of nickel, he
Its functions will be: First, to create
being taken by prominent members of the draws an invidious comparison with
a favorable strategical position in foreign
Canadian Manufacturers' Association, it aluminum, involving a number of mis-
markets for Canadian industry as a
is not proposed to limits its activities to statements regarding the latter metal.
whole; second, to do the work of a com-
the handling of manufactured goods, but In the first place, aluminum when
mission agent in the sale of Canadian
to operate on the broadest possible basis. manufactured in the form of cooking
goods in the countries where its branches
The possibilities of such an organiza- vessels is not a soft metal, except in re-
are established. It should as well be able
tion are enormous, and if carried through lation to steel and the hard bronzes.
to render important services in connec-
successfully should have a most beneficial Secondly, the oxide coating on such
tion with arrangements for overseas
effect on all Canada. One of the serious
transport and for banking facilities ne- vessels is an enamel-like film, hard,
factors in the industrial life of Canada
cessary for foreign trade. The activities stable and neutral, and should not be
has been the restricted market spread
of the association will not be restricted to scoured under anj' circumstances.
over a wide area, which made selling ex-
manufactured goods, but also embrace the In reference to burning, a very light
penses high and added to the percentage
assistance of trade in agricultural and aluminum vessel on a very hot fire
of overhead costs. The working up of a
large export trade on a permanent basis
natural products. might melt if kept empty. have We
Proposed Organization. never heard in our experience of any
all
will at the same time reduce the average
cost and add to the employment of labor. The head office of the company will aluminum utensils melting under prac-
probably be in Montreal and will work in tical conditions. The statement that
Provisional Directors. aluminum is dissolved in liquid food
close connection with the Canadian
The provisional
directors appointed and forms poisonous metallic salts, we
Manufacturers' Association and other
are: J. H. A. Acer, Laurentide Co., Mont- can absolutely deny, and we have ample
Canadian producers, in whose interests
real; G. F. Benson, Edwardsburg Starch
the export campaign is to be developed. evidence of tests which have been con-
Co,, Montreal; C. N. Candee, Gutta
This office would be so organized as to be ducted refuting this contention.
Percha & Rubber, Ltd., Toronto; G. H.
able to deal effectively and promptly with While admitting the wonderful pro-
Duggan, Dominion Bridge Co., Montreal;
H. L. Frost, Frost Wire Fence Co., Hamil-
all the situations arising from the gress made in nickel refining and the
developing relations between the manu- wide field opened to this metal, we are
ton, Ont. C. B. Gordon, Dominion Textile
;
facturers, on the one side, and the foreign inclined to doubt the advisability of em-
Co., Montreal; R. H. McMaster, Steel Co.
branches and their customers on the ploying it in any direction where it is
of Canada. Ltd.. Montreal; W. W. Near,
other. only replacing equally good and cheaper
Page-Hersey Iron Tube & Lead Co., To-
In its relations abroad the association materials. The market price of nickel
ronto; J. H. Sherrard, Alaska Featlier &
would aim in the first place at utilizing to-day is 45c and that of aluminum 20c.
Down Co., Montreal; A. W. Wheatly,
and strengthening the position of already The lighter metal is, however, only one-
Canadian Locomotive Co., Kingston, Ont.
existing organizations which have de- third the weight of nickel, so that nickel
General Managers Appointed. veloped trade within the Empire, and is just about seven and a half times
The provisional directors have arranged notably with New Zealand, Australia and more costly than aluminum in any manu-
to secure the services of F. C. Armstrong, Soutli Africa. factured form.
of London, England, and R. J. Younge,
Office in London. The economy and efficiency of the
of Montreal, to organize the association,
In the second place it is intended to light metal has already been widely re-
and afterwards for the first year of op-
open at once an office in London, Eng- cognized by military authorities in their
erations to act as Joint general managers.
land., to assist in seci;ring favorable con- specifications for canteens and water bot-
Mr. Armstrong, who will have charge
sideration for Canadian trade in all di- tles for which aluminum is now being
of the offices outside of Canada, is a Can-
rections where Governmental assistance quite generally employed.
adian by birth, and has had a wide ex-
can properly be requested, or the influ-
perience in foreign trade. During the *British Aluminum Co., Toronto.
ence of financial houses interested in the
past fifteen years he has carried out im-
prosperity of Canada can effectively be
portant undertakings abroad on behalf of
brought to bear. Its functions will also
British interests with whom he was asso-
be to connect up Canadian manufacturers
ciated, and has thus had an opportunity
with all the great purchasing and dis-
Trade Gossip
of studying at first hand the various coun- tributing agencies, both Governmental E. P. Clarke has been appointed man-
tries which the association may ex-
in
and private, which make London their ager of the Thor Iron Works, Toronto.
pect to find a market for Canadian goods.
headquarters.
Mr. Younge (of R. J. Younge & Co.), Perth, Ont. The Westport Plating
Attention will be directed to the French
who will direct the Canadian office, was and Belgium markets which will open up, Co. will probably remove to another
for several years general secretary of the town.
particularly during the reconstruction
Canadian Manufacturers Association,
'
period,and also to the immense Russian Toronto, Ont. The St. Clair Foundry
and is known personally to the leading market opening up for manufactured
manufacturers of the Dominion. Co. has received a permit and will con-
goods of all kinds. Further extensions of struct an addition to its factory to cost
Purpose of the Company. the activities of the association to mar-
$2,000. Work will be started at once.
Briefly stated, the object of the Export kets such as those of South America,
Association of Canada, Ltd., is to provide India and the Far East will be made Montreal,
Que. Estey Bros. Co. of
an organization to secure for Canada a from time to time, as the opportunity this city have secured the contract for
new and larger portion of the world's seems favorable and the resources of the tlie ornamental iron and bronze work
trade under the changed conditions association permit. on the Sun Life Building, Montreal.
FOUNDRY SHOVELS
that will fulfil every requirement.
W.W.WELLS,
Nickel Sent/ us a trial ortier.
Toronto
Tin&Zinc Lundy Shovel & Tool Co., Ltd.
PETERBORO, ONT.
// wJidf i/ou want Is not advertised in th'S is.sne consult the Biji/ers' Diveetonj at the l>aek.
28 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Fort William, Ont.
A Government considerably, totalling .$28,391,000 as mained at the University as demon-
commission will visit this district to ex- against $36,937,000 for April, 1914, the strator in chemistry until the spring of
amine the iron resources and possibility duty realized being $5,986,000 compared 1899, when he accepted the position of
of development. J. Dix Fraser, man- with $6,458,000 for the corresponding assistant chemist with the Dominion Iron
ager of the Atikokan Iron Works, is in- month of last year. Of the exports that & Steel Co., of Sydney. N.S., becoming
terested. of animals and their pi'oduce bulked chief chemist and assistant metallurgist
largest, being $3,312,000 cumpared with of that company in 1904. He resigned
Sidney, N.S. The city council has
$1,860,000 in 1914. this post in1908 to enter the service of
awarded a contract to the Canada Iron the General Electric Co., of Schenectady,
Corporation for east iron pipe and fit- Maximilian, Duncan,
Eugene vice-
N.Y., as representative metallurgist at
tings, and R. Mnsgrrave & Co. for truc- president and manager of the
general
the Brackenridge plant of the Allegheny
tural steel for the new pnmpin<r station Canadian Car & Foundry Co., died on Steel Co. He remained at Brackenridge
at Middle Lake. May 23 at his home in Montreal, as a
until 1911 when he was recalled to Syd-
result of a hemorrhage of the brain.
Pierre Martin, one of tl^e inventors of ney as metallurgist and superintendent
Mr. Duncan was born in New York city of the steel dei)artment of the Dominion
tlie Siemens-Martin process of steel-
on March 28, 1862, and joined the ex-
making, commonly known as the open Iron & Steel Co., which position he oc-
hearth method, died at Paris on May 23. cupied with signal success. February of
He was a member of the firm of Martin the present year he severed his connec-
tion with the Dominion Iron & Steel Co.,
Bros, of Sireuil, France.
and took up consulting work with head-
Lieut. James Gordon Ross, of the 13th quarters in Montreal. One of his earli-
Battalion, whose name reaently appear- est consulting cases was to investigate
ed in the casualty list as wounded, was the operation of the Snyder Electric
consulting engineer of the Milton- Furnace. Its possibilities impressed him
Hersey Co., Montreal, and was a lieu- so that he decided to accept an invitation
tenant in the 5th Royal Highlanders. to remove to Chicago and affiliate with
its manufacture. In the course of his
Brig.-Gen. Bertram, chairman of the
metallurgical duties, Mr. Scott has spent
SliellCommittee, has, we understand, con-
considerable time at various European
firmed the statement that negotiations are
now under way for the establishment of a steel plants. He received the degree of
copper refining ]ilant in Canada. He Master of Science from his Alma Mater
in 1914.
stated that although nothing has been as
yet settled, it was likely the plant would
be situated at Trail, B.C., in close proxi-
mity to the works of the Consolidated Catalogues
Mining and Smelting Co.
Furnaces. The Monarch Engineering
Canada's Coal Output. Coal formed & Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md.,
more than one-fourth of Canda's total are distributing a bulletin devoted to
mineral output in 1914. The Dominion melting and refining furnaces for treat-
production of marketable coal in that EUGKNE ing various metals. The different types
THIC I.ATK :\I.\XI.MILIAN
year amounted to 13,594,984 short tons, DINCAN. of furnace are illustrated and accom-
valued at $33,433,108 as a-ainst 15,- panied by a brief description covering
012,178 tons, valued at $37,3.34,940 in eciitive of the Can-adian Car & Foundry the principal features of each with sizes
1913. British Columbia's output total- and its s.ibsidiaiy cimipanies three and capacities. Other equipment describ-
led 2.238,339 tons in 1914. a decrease years ago. Previous to coming to Mont- ed includes core ovens, blowers and fuel
of 476,081 tons, while that of Yukon r(<al he was i;eiieral sales anient of the burners.
Territory was 13.443 tons, a decrease American Car & Foundry Co., St.
i,k' < ^^i^
%n^A^&t^>
'.
A^i\
'
A Safety Code for the use and care of adopted by the leading manufacturers
abrasive wheels has been compiled by the
Safety Committee of the Abrasive Wheel
ot grinding wheels in Canada and the
L'nited States. The new lists have been
Monarch
Manufacturers of Canada and the United ndopted in order to correct the inconsis-
States. The code is to be used as tlie
foundation of a campaign for uniform
tencies in the present standard lists in
relation to the value of different size
"Acme"
laws and insurance rules in an endeavor wheels to each, and in their relation to the
to overcome present and prevent future
unsafe practices. The whole subject of
cost of manufacture. Users of grinding
wheels may obtain copies on application Core Ovens
grinding has been carefully covered and to the above.
many valuable suggestions are included.
The June issue of Graphite, the house
Copies of the code may be obtained from
organ of the Joseph Di.xon Crucible Co.,
the Canadian Hart Wheels, Ltd., Ham-
contains upon its
ilton. Ont.
cover a splendid re-
Grinding Wheels. The Canadian Hart production of "The
Wheels, Ltd., Hamilton, Ont., have is- Pour," a bronze sta-
sued a standard grinding wheel price list tue at the offices of
which will be effective on July 1, 1915. the D a m a s c a 3
This new list does not attempt to ti.\ Bronze Co., Pitts-
new prices, but simply introduces a burgh. Pa. "The
method of ascertaining consistent list Pour" was modeled
prices. When tlie present list is with- by H. Jfueller and
drawn, new discounts will be issued, and imported from
where necessary, to apply to the new list Franco. Thouuh ef-
forts have been
made to trace its origin, no further
knowledge of it has been obtained.
Craphite contains its usual miscellany
'
Our Analysis of good things to read.
of your materials will
^enable you to keep quality
Theory and Practice of Sherardizing CUT THE COST OF
isthe title of a booklet written by Dr.
uniform and plug many
Samuel Trood for the United States
BAKING AND DRY-
profit leaks. Sherardizing Co., Newcastle, Pa. The ING CORES.
""Giveus a Our prices are
trial. booklet contains a scientific explanation lUCST AXn STUKX'CilOST ( 1)I!I':
Treasonable, and we guarantee of what the slierardizing process really OVKX KVIOR OFI'MOKIMt- Acim-
prompt and ovcrheail trolley or ".\i-iiii(lel" ilniji
.iccurate work. is,and the practical conditions- under ilnwii front.
1 which it should bo employed. A great Shelves give full space and are
Canadian Laboratories to get to.
e.-isy
deal of valuable information is given in
Limited Direct pull to front; easy roller
this booklet on the subject and also a bearings; double trolley. >'o jarring
24 Adelaide St. W .
Uniform
McCULLOUGH-DALZELL CRUCIBLES
are always dependable. If you don't use them you are
losing something. Send us your next order.
McCULLOUGH-DALZELL CRUCIBLE CO., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Air Compressors. Cars, Core Oven. Core Wash. Dust Arresters and Exhausters.
Cleveland, O.
Mtg.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Webster& Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
Berkshire Co.,
Pneumatic Tool Co. of Whiting FoundiT Equipment Co.. Md.
CJeveland Harvey, III, Core Wax. Dryers, Sai^d.
Canada, Toronto. &
Canadian Ingereoll-Rand Co., Ltd.,
Webster Sons, Ltd., Montreal. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto, Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown,
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Webster & Sons. Ltd,, Montreal, .Md.
Montreal.
Can. Niagara Deyice Co., Bridgeburg. Cars. Sand Blasts. United Compound Co., Buffalo, N.Y. Elevators, Foundry, Hydraulic,
Curtis Pneiunatic Machinery Co., St. Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown, CraJies, Travelling and Jib. Pneumatic.
Louis, Mo. Md. Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. A. R. Williams Mach, Co., Toronto.
Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton, Castings, Brass, Aluminum and Louis, Mo, Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd.,
Ont, Bronze. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal. Montreal,
A. R. Williams Machy. Co., Toronto. Northern Crane Works, Ltd,, Walker- Panpbom Coiporation, Hageretown,
Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Md.
Alloys. ton, Ont, ville. Ont.
Smart-Turaer Machine Co., Hamilton, Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Cast Iron. Ont. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
F'rederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Frankel Bros., Toronto. Har\ey,
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., III,
Anodes, Brass, Copper, Nickel, Castings, Aluminum and Brass. Harvey, 111. Emery Stands,
Zinc. Cranes, Electric and Hand
Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Ford-Smith Machine Co,, Hamilton.
Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- ton. Ont. Power. Fans, Exhaust.
ton, Ont. F. W. Qiiinn, Hamilton, Ont. H. S. Carter
Toronto, & Co.,
\\. W. Wells, Toronto. Can. Buffalo Forge Co., Montreal.
Castings, Nickel. A, R, Williams Mach, Co,, Toronto, Can. Fairbanks-Morse Co., MontreaL
Ammeters. W. W. Wells, Toronto.
Dominion Bridge Co,, Montreal. Can, Sirocco Co,, Ltd,, Windsor, Ont.
Menzemer, Niagara Falls. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
Chas. J.
Cars, Foundr.v. Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co., Stevens, F, B,, Detroit, Mich,
Barrels, Tumbling:. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Ltd,, Toronto,
Hamilton
Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker- Facing Mill Co,, Ltd..
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Webster & Sous, Ltd., Montreal, Hamilton, Ont.
ville, Ont,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Sheldons, Limited, Qalt, Ont.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Frederic Stevens,
Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton,
B. Detroit, Fillers (Metallic).
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ham- Whiting Ont,
Fnaindry Equipment Co,.
ilton, Ont. Harvey, 111,
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker- Harvey, 111.
Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
ville. Ont,
Chain Blocks. Cranes, Hydraulic. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich,
Smart-Turner Machine Co.. Hamilton. Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co., Shelton Metallic Filler Co., Derby,
Ont.
Ltd. Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
Conn,
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., John Millen & Son, Ltd,, Montreal. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Harvey, 111, Fillets, I.,eather and Wooden.
Uaney, HI. Chaplets.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Crucibles, H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Boiler Graphite, Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Wells Pattern & Machine Works Dixon Cnicible Co,, Joseph, Jersey
Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jei-sej Limited, Toronto. City, N.J.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
t;ity. N.J. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton, Ont,
Webster & Sons. Limited, Montreal. Charcoal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd,, Fire Brick and Clay.
Hamilton, Ont,
Blowers. Frederic B, Stevens, Detroit.
Seidel, R. B., Philadelphia,
it. BaUey &
Son, Toronto,
Buffalo Forge Co., Montreal. Chemicals. H, S, Carter & Co,, Toronto.
Can. Stevens, F. B,, Detroit, Mich,
IngersoU-Rand Ltd.. Gibb. Alexander, Montreal,
Canadian Co., W. W. Wells. Toronto. McCulloch-Dalzell Crucible Company,
Montreal. Hamilton Facing MiU Co,, Ltd.,
Pittsburg, Pa, Hamilton,
Can. Sirocco Co., Ltd., Windsor, unt. Cla.r Tjined Crucibles. Ont.
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. McCulloch-Dalzell Crucible Company.
Cupolas. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ham- Pittsburg. Pa.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto, J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
A. R, Williams Mach, Co., "Toronto. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
ilton, Ont.
Core Binders. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal,
J. 8. McCormlck Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
Monarch Kng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co,, Ltd.. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N,Y.
Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Hamilton. Ont,
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Fire Sand.
Sheldons, Limited. Gait, Ont. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Monarch Eng, & Mfg, Co,, Baltimore.
Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
Whiting Foimdry Equipment <Jo., Robeson Process Co., New York City. Whitehead Bros Co,, Buffalo, N.Y.
Haney, 111.
ville, Ont,
Core Box Machines. J, W, Paxson
Co., Philadelphia, Pa, Flasks, Snap, Etc.
Blast Causes Cupola. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, Sheldons, Limited, Gait, Ont,
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. J. S.McCormlck, Pittsburg, Pa. Guelph Pattern Works, Guelph, Ont.
W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa, Whiting Foundry Equipment Co..
H.imilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., .T,
Harvey, 111.
J, W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa,
Hamilton, Ont, Core Cutting-off and Coning Webster Ac Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto, Cupola Blast Gauges.
Sheldons, Limited, Gait, Ont,
Machine.
Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal.
Foundry Coke.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. BrowTi Specialty Machinery Co., Clii- Hamilton Facing .Mill Co., Ltd.,
Stevens, F, B,, Detroit, Mich.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. cago. 111.
Hamilton, Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Harvey, 111. H. 8. Carter & Co., Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa, Foundry Equipment.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd,, Whitinir Foundry Equipment Co.,
Brass Meltin); Furnaces. Hamilton, Ont, H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Harvey, 111,
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal, A. R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto.
Cupola Blocks. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Core Compounds. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., R. Bailey & Son, Toronto,
Hamilton. Ont,
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto, Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton, Ont.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore.
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal, Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd,, Monarch Eng, & Mfg, Co., Baltimore.
J, W, Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Hamilton, Ont. Northern Crane Works, Walkerrille,
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Robeson Process Co., New Tork City. J, W, Paxson Co,, Philadelphia, P. Ont.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit.
Whitini Kniindry Equipment Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Stevens, F, B., Detroit, Mich. Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown,
Co..
Harvey, Core Machines, Hammer. Md.
111, Cupola Blowers. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Can. Buffalo Forge Co., Montreal, Stevens, P, B,, Detroit, Mich.
Brushes, Foundry ajid Core. Brown .Specialty Machinery Co., Chi-
Can Sirocco Co., Ltd., Windsor, Ont, Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
cago, 111,
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, Haney, 111,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton Facing Mill Co,, Ltd,, Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Foundry Parting.
Manufacturers' Brush Co., Cleveland, Hamilton, Ont. Sheldons, Limited. Gait, Ont.
Ohio, Stevens. F. B., Detroit, Mich, H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa, Core-making Machines. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
Stevens, Detroit. Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Cupola T>inings, Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Frederic B,
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto, Hamilton, Ont,
Brushes, all Kinds. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal, Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd,, Stevens, F. B,, Detroit, Mich.
Manufacturers' Brush Co.. Cleveland, Hamilton. Ont,
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit, Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.Y.
Ohio, T, W, Paxson Co,, Philadelphia, Pa.
Sleeper & Hartley, Worcester, Mass. Core Oils. Stevens, F, B., Detroit, Mich. Foundry Facings.
Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton. Cataract Refining Co., Buffalo, N,T. Cupola Twyers. H. S, Carter & Co,, Toronto.
and Polishing H. 8. Carter & Co., Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal,
Butring:
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Maehiner.v. J. W, Paxson Co,, Philadelphia, P. Hamilton Facing Mill Co,, Ltd.,
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Hamilton, Ont.
W. W. Toronto. Hamilton, Ont, Stevens. F. B,, Detroit, Mich,
Wells, Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore.
Core Ovens. Cutting-off Machines. J, W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Buffing and Polishing Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal. Stevens, F, B,, Detroit, Mich,
Compositions. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto, Whitehead Bros, Co,, Buffalo, N.X.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Cyanide of Potassium.
W. W. Wells, Toronto, Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., W. W. Wells, Toronto. FnrDnce Lining.
Hamilton, Ont, Dr.ving Ovens for Cores. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd.,
Buffs. Monarch Eng. & Mfg, Co., Baltimore.
& Hamilton, Ont,
W. W. Wells, Toronto. Oven Equipment & Mfg, Co,, New Webster Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
Hawley Down Draft Fumaoe Co.,
Haven, Conn. Wliiting Foimdry Equipment Co.,
Burners, Core Oven. Haney, Easton, Pa,
Sheldons, Limited, Gait, Ont. 111.
Monarch Eng, & Mfg, Co,, Baltimore
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. D.vnamos. Stevens, F, B., Detroit, Mich,
-
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Whiting Formdry Equipment Co..
W. W. Well8, Toronto, Webster & Sons. Ltd,, MontreaL
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Harvey, 111.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 31
Furnaces. Ladle Stoppers, Ladle Nozzles, Ramming Plates and Machines. Steel Bars, all kinds.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., and Sleeves (Graphite). Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd., Dom, Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.8.
Hamilton, Ont. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Montreal, Northern Crane Works, Walkerville,
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co., Seidel, R. B., PhUadelphia. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Ont.
Easton, Pa. McCulIoch-Dalzell Crucible Company, Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co.,
Monarch Eng. &
Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Pittsburg, Pa. Ltd., Toronto.
J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Retorts. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Jonathan Bartley Crucible Co., Tren- Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
Melting Pots. ton, N.J.
Harvey, 111. Whiting I'^oundi-y Equipment Co,,
Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal. HamL'ton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Riddles. Harvey, 111.
Hamilton, Ont.
Furnaces, Brass. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.. Talc.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Hamilton, Onu
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. J. W. PaxsonCo., Philadelphia, Pj. HamUton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Hamilton, Ont.
Hamilton, Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co., J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Baston, Pa. Metallurgists. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Rosin.
Canadian Laboratoiies, Toronto.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Charles C. Kawin Co., Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal,
Taps.
Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich.
Frankel Bros., Toronto.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Rouge.
Toronto Testing Laboratories, Toronto. Geometric Tool Co., New Haven,
Harvey, HI. Conn.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. W. W. Wells, Toronto.
Millville Gravel.
Sand Blast Machinery. Teeming Crucibles and Funnels.
GoKKles. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co., Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi- McCuIIoch-DalzeU Cracible Company.
Philadelphia, Pa. cago, III. Pittsburg, Pa.
Mixers. Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd.
Graphite Products. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. .Montreal. Threading Machine!.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg,
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ont, Geometric Tool Co., New Haven,
Hamilton, Ont. Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., 3t. Conn.
Jonathan Barlley Crucible Co., Tren- Molders' Tools. Louis, Mo,
ton, N.J. H. Carter & Co., Toronto.
S. Hamilton Facing MCI Co., Ltd., Track, Overhead.
McCulloch-Dalzeil Crucible Company, Wm. Dobson, Canastota, N.Y. Hamilton, Ont.
Pittsburg, Pa. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich. Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown, Northern Crane Works, WalkerviUs,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton Facing Mill Oo., Ltd., Md. Ont.
Hamilton, Ont. Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co., Herbert Morris Crane St. Hoist Co.,
Grinders, Disc, Bench, Swin^. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Philadelphia, Pa. Ltd., Toronto.
Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton J, W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Ont. Molding Machines.
Stevens F. B., Detroit, Mich. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Perfect Machinery Co., Gait, Ont.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
BerkshTre Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Harvey, 111,
Grinders, Chaser or Die. Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., of Sand Blast Rolling Barrels.
Canada, Toronto. Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown, Tripoli.
Geometric Tool Co.. New Haven. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Md.
Conn. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., W. W.
TUghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co.. Wells, Toronto.
Hamilton, Ont. Philadelphia, Pa.
Helmets. B Detroit. Mich.
Stevens. F. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.Y. Trolleys and Trolley Systems.
Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co.. Midland Machine Co., Detroit.
Philadelphia, Pa. Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadelphia. Sand Blast Devices. Can. Fairbanks-Morse Co., Montreal.
Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi- Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St,
Hoisting and Conveying Molding Sand. cago. 111.
Louis, Mo.
Machinery. Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Hami.ton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Hamilton, Ont.
Herbert Morris Crane A Hoist Co., Hamilton, Ont. Pancbom Corporation, Hagerstown, Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker-
Ltd., Toronto. J. W. Paxson
Co., Philadelphia, fa. Md.
Tilghman-Brooksbank Send Blast Co., ville, OnU
Northern Crane Works, Walkerville. Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
A. R. Williams Machy. Co., Toronto. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T, Philadelphia, Pa.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Sand Molding. Whiting Foundry Equipnent Co.,
Harvey, 111.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Harvey, HI.
Molding Sifters. Hamilton Facing Co., Ltd.,
Hoists, Flectric, Pneumatic. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton, Ont. Trucks, Dryer and Factory.
A. R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd.. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Montreal. Ovens for Core-baking and Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal. Hamilton, Ont.
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., of Drying. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa
Canada, Toronto. Sand Sifters.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Louis, Mo, Harvey, III. Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd., Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co.. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Montreal. Harvey, 111.
Toronto.
Ltd., Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Northern Crane Works, Walkerville. Hamilton, Ont.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Oil and Gas Furnaces. J. W. PaxsonCo., Philadelphia, Pa.
Tumblers. /
'.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto,
Harvey, 111. Hamilton, Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Monttaal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Monarch Eng. &
Mfg. Co., Baltlmo.e. Whiting Foimdry Equipment Co.,
J. W.
Pax.son Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Harvey, 111. Turntables.
Hoists, Hand, Trolley. Stevens. F. B., Detroit. Mich.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Sand Shakers. H. 3. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Webster ,& Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Northern Crane Works, Walkerrllle.
Northern Crane Works, Walkerville. Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi-
cago, J. W. Paxson Co., PhUadelphU, Pa.
Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co.. Patterns, Metal and Wood. 111.
Stevens F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Ltd.. Toronto.
Limited, Toronto. Saws, Hack. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
Whiting Foundi7 Equipment Co., Giielph Pattern Works, Guelph, Ont. Whiting Foundry Equipment
Harvey, 111.
Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton, Co.,
F. W. Quinn, Hamilton, Ont. Ont. Harvey, 111,
Wells Pattern & Machine Works,
Hose and Couplings. Separators. Moisture, Oil
and Sand. Vent Wax.
Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburar,
Ont.
Pattern Shop Fquipraent. Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown, H, S, Carter & Co., Toronto.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Md. United Compound Co., Buffalo, N.T,
Ingot Metals. Hamilton Pattern Works, Hamilton. Sieves. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd,
Frankel Bros., Toronto. Hamilton, Ont. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Vibrators.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Iron Cements. F. W. Quinn, Hamilton, Ont. Silica Wash. Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Stevens, F, B., Detroit, Mich. Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd.,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Small Angles.
Smooth-On Mfg. Co., Jersey City. Pig Iron. Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.3. Wall Channels.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.3. Soapstone. Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.S.
Frankel Bros., Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Iron Filler.
Hamilton, Ont. Welding and Cutting.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, Phosphorizers. Metals Welding Co., Cleveland, O,
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. McCulIoch-Dalzell Crucible Company, Special Machinery.
Smooth-On Mfg. Co., Jersey City. Pitfciburg, Pa. Wells Pattern & Machine Work*, Wheels, Polishing, Abrasive.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.Y. Limited, Toronto.
Ford-Smith Machine Co., HamHtoa,
Ladles, Foundry. Sprue Cutters. Ont.
Plumbago. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., fM.,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
H. S. &
Co., Toronto.
Carter Hamilton, Ont. Hamilton, Ont.
Hamilton
J. W. Paxson
Co., Philadelphia, Pa. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Stevens, Detroit, Mich.
F, B.,
Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Stevens. F. B., Detroit, Mich. United Compound Co., Boffalo, N.T.
Hamilton, Ont. F. B. Shuster Co., New Haven, Conr_
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Webster & Sons, Ltd., MontreaL
Northern Crane Works, Walkerville,
Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
Monarch Eng. &
Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Plating and Polishing Supplies. Wire Wheels.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Squeezers, Power.
Stevens, Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Whiting
F.
Foundry
Detroit, Mich.
B., Davenport Machine & Foundry Co., Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Equipment Co., Pneumatic Paint Spray. Iowa.
Harvey, 111.
Hamilton, Ont.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., I/td.. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg, Hamilton, Ont.
Ont. W. W. Wells, Toronto.
Ladle Heaters. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co., Wire. Wire Rods and NaUs.
Easton, Pa. Polishing Wheels. Steel Rails.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N-S. Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.B.
.
32 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
;w///v//////y///<^/w//^^^^^
%m HHk ^^"
Write to-day for descriptive catalog.
ADVERTISING INDEX
Bailey & Son, R 27 Hamilton Facing Mill Vo., Ltd. ... 25 Paxson Co., J. W Front Cover
Bartley Crucible Co 4 Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co. . 32 Quinn, F. W 29
Berkshire Mfg. Co 1
Kawin Co., Charles C Robeson Process Co., Inside Back Cover
Brown Specialty Machinery Co. ... 5 Inside Front Cover Seidel, R. B Inside Back Cover
29 Tabor Manufacturing Co 3
Can. Laboratories, Ltd Lundy Shovel & Tool Co 27
Tilghnian-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co.
Canada Niagara Device Co 27
Manufacturers Brush Co 32 Inside Back Cover
Davenport Machine & Foundry Co. 3 McCuUough-Dalzell Crucible Co. . . 29 Toronto Testing Laboratories, Ltd. 28
.
Dixon Crucible Co 4 McLain 's System 5 Cnited Compound Co. Inside Back Cover
Dominion Iron & Steel Co Midland Machine Co .32 Webster & Sons, Ltd
Dobson, Wm 29 Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co 29 Outside Back Cover
Gautier, J. H., & Co 4 Northern Crane Works 27 Wells, W. W 27
; ;
CllANINC ROOM.
vv The Dominion Foundry
Am WASIICR
Supply Company, Limited
^--'.>,
I M P R O V E D UBIS-=Mr?^^=S ;?^
of Montreal and Toronto are now
SANDBLAST IS sole agents for the sale of glutrin sand
CLEANING ROOM Established 1869. First
in business and leaders binder in the Dominion of Canada,
ever since,
Referring to the above, we beg to advise that we are in a better position than
ever to cater to the trade in high-class refractories materials. The yearly output
on our various products is approximately as follows:
Pennsylvania Clay Brick 27,000,000
Kentucky Clay Brick 33,000,000
SilicaBrick 22,000,000
Magnesite Brick 4,000,000
Chrome Brick 500,000
Fire Clay 50,000 Tons .
Cement
Silica 10,000 **
Dead Burned Magnesite 50,000 "
CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.
^S
i
^^^^^^
wh*^
MI^I^^H
ml i ^iiii
"" ^9n
I, ^^nt Your Cotv^'^
^Hj^S'jB^PI
for wm
ALBANY SAND
NOW
Do not wait for the usual
.^***^H4^i^
CAR SHORTAGE *)l!^*'B'''?
iW^^f^l
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
ig<);^i^{jgjjiA8j)B8<iBi<tJia^ataaa<it>jiataa^
Come out of
the darkl
Your foundry can be put on
a better paying basis by
KAWIN
SERVICE
We take all the Chances
You take the Profits
(lur pr(i|i(isitiiJii to .vmi cMmiiit ii<' ri'Kiii'di'ii as a Hinii'' of
cllMllCI'.
It costs ymi iibsnliiti'ly iKitliiiin ti) try Vdiir lii<-l< witli us.
:\n<\ you :\i-i' assured bountiful ri'turns for your trouble.
For instance :
We Went! We Saw !
We Conquered !
I
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Berkshire
Vibrator
There is only
one vibrator the
Berkshire
We are pioneers in
the manufacture
of vibrators. We
make the castings
for our vibrators
f r m a .special
mixture that is
ished to within
1-5000 of accur-
acy.
Berkshire Air
Squeezer
Hundreds of these machines are in
use in the Ford, Cadillac, Overland,
Packard, Studebaker and Buick plants.
If what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FO UNDRY MAN
... ^-^
i i J --^'^
^ '^'^^'"'"
""..,jy
'?K
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
143 UNIVERSITY AVE. .
TORONTO, ONTARIO
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
In 1908 Only
John L. Hammer
40 Foundrymen
a practical foundryman,
designed the Hammer **
believed they needed iiistruetioiis from
a practical foundryman.
Core Machine."
N(t\vmore than 2,000 foundrymen have
bought McLain's feystem. Why?
Why does every Tom, Dick and Harry
Ira E. Burtis he uses 20 to 50/c steel or
like lo claim
wrot scrap. Suppose they do
a practical foundryman,
Where did tht y get the idea?
designed the "Duplex Sand
Shaker." You know the government specifies
only 28,000 to 30,000 pounds tensile
strength believing this the limit.
liach of these men built their HOW IS IT THEN that McLain gradu-
machines and tested them thor- ates fill the order vith metal that pulls
Each knew the weak points to be Read the books and trade papers where
overcome. chemists and metallurgists always
claimed "Steel reduces carbon." How
is it that ^NIcLain men using 30 to 50 ^c
Each started with the idea of build-
steel find the
ing a better machine.
Total Carbon 3.25 to 4.50%?
Both Succeeded!
It is easy to say this must be a fake.
Electricians said the same of Bell,
Either of these machines will be
Edison and
Marconi. ]\[etallurgists
sent to you on trial. This is your said it of Sir Henry Bessemer. Why?
Simply because the rank and file were
opportunity to prove our assertions.
way behind these inventors, just as
foundrymen in 1908 thought McLain 's
Write to-day. System was a joke.
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
POWER SQUEEZERS
Increase your Ca- Made in three designs
pacity at a lower
and sizes P o r t a b e 1
Cruciblesof Ouality
Tilting Furnace
UNIFORM CRUCIBLES
Service and Durability Our Specialty.
Ensures Economy.
Catalogue on requeat
^THESTANBWRi TABOR
PATTERN-MAKING
By WILLARD G. H.
With Additional Chapters on
Two Core-Making and Molding
"I
Significant
Opinions
think the
:
book is
"WRITTEN SO YOU CAN
UNDERSTAND IT."
Jarring Squeezing
the best I ever saw for A book for the man who does the work.
the p r i c e." Edwin
Sluyter, Con
E n g i neer,
Adding
struction
Burroughs
Machine Co.,
Written by a practical patternmaker of
many
down
years' experience. Gets right
to business in the first chapter
and keeps it up throughout the book.
Molding Machines
Full of kinks and actual working infor-
Detroit. mation. Profusely illustrated.
"I consider this is a
valuable book and
should be in the hands
Chapter Headings Many patterns too deep to be mold-
of all men engaged in
this line of business."
Pattern-Making as a Trade. II. The
Tools.
1.
III. Woods. IV. Joints. V.
ed on a plain squeezer can be made
E. W. Clarjse, Wilming- Turning. VI. Turning (Continued). VII.
ton Malleable Iron Co., Turning (Continued). VIII. Tummg to advantage on this machine.
Wilmington, Delaware. (Concluded). IX. The Circular Saw.
X. The Circular Saw (Continued). XI.
Machine Tools. XII. Machine Tools
224 Pages. 312 Illustrations. (Continued). XIII. Shnple Patterns.
XIV. Simple Patterns (Continued). XV.
It is also especially suited to work
Cloth Cover.
Simple Patterns (Concluded).
Crooked Patterns. XVII. Large Pattern
XVI.
having small pockets that would
Work. XVIII. Uarge Pattern Work
(Continued).
Patterns.
XIX. Crosshead Guide
XX. Sweep Work. XXI.
require tucking if made on a plain
Pipe Work. XXII. Stove Pattern
Work. XXIII. MoldingMachine Work. squeezer.
XXIV. Moldmg Pattern Work.
Part II. Molding.
Core-Making and
Bulletin M.-J.-R. sent free on
Chapter I. Core-Making, Simple and
Complex, Molding.
III.
II. Principles
Loam Patterns and Loam Molds.
in
request.
Everyone following this trade, or intend-
ing to learn it, should have a copy of
this valuable book.
Price $1.10 Postpaid.
The
Technical Book Department
The MacLean Publishing
Company, Limited
Tabor Manufacturing Co.
1 43-153 University Ave., Toronto PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S.A.
7/ what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
:
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Melting
Sand
" WABANA"
Machine Cast Pig Iron
Cast in specially shaped moulds to permit of easy
Handling, Piling and Breaking.
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
11-
In the introduction to his paper, the author referred to the fact that the art of iron found-
ing was in existence previous to the written records of history. He at the same time hazarded
the suggestion that to the scientist and practical man of to-day it offered not only a wide field
for research, but one also in which individuality had the widest pos^sible scope.
our June issue, the subject mat- core and 1^-in. metal. As this principle forms into a mass as the metal is rising,
INter discussed consisted of core- cannot be taken advantage of for liners this mass being easily caught by any de-
making, gTeen or dry sand eastings, which are over 20 in. long, other means pression or belt on the liner, and so
machine molding, plate molding, chills, have to be resorted to, and other diffi- carrying the dirt to the top. The in-gate
cupola management, castings cost, man- culties creep in for which provision must in this case is made a little taper so as
agement and organization. be made. to increase the velocity of the metal and
send it as quickly as possible around the
Runner Basins and Gates. Runner-Gate for Long Liners.
core, and so, by coming in close contact
Runner basins and gates are the chan- Fig. 2 shows an arrangement of runner-
v,ith the core and mould, keeps the sur-
nels found in the sand ana provide the gate and sprues which have been found
faces heated in front of the rising
way by which the metal enters the mold
metal. Large liners may be east in this
from the ladle. They also serve to feed
way with a riser only a few inches long
the mold after the pouring by means of a
and no thicker than the casting itself.
rod worked up and down by hand, giving
a kind of impact to the metal itself, Runner-Basin Features.
which fills up any thick portions that It may
be well here to examine what
may have been drawn upon as the cast- features are common to runner-
there
ing cools. The cavity where the metal is basins and g'ates, wjiich are found in
first received from the ladle is known practice to give good results, and the
as the runner-basin. AH vertical pas- reason why. Fig. 3 illustrates an ideal
sages are known as down gates, and the form of runner-basin, and common to
horizontal passages as in-gates or sprues. all conditions. In this a knob is pro-
As shall be seen directly, the disposi- FIG. 1. GATING TO PRODUCE A vided, into which the metal from the
SWIRILIN'G MOTION.
tion, shape and area of these gates and ladle is poured. By this arrangement
basins are important and interesting de- the metal is instantly quietened, and the
to do well on long liners. In this case
tails. They bring into play principles, velocity as it leaves the knob is so small
we have to keep the metal "alive" or
such as are met with in hydraulics, as that any dirt has time to float. It will
agitated as well as possible all the way
vortices, centrifugal force, velocity and up, whilst we have also to counteract
also be noticed that the shape of the
momentum, each of which property the cooling influence of the core and
basin immediately over the down-gate is
may be eliminated or taken advantage of mould because of the relatively large square, and it is most important that it
as may be considered desirable for any sliould be so, because it goes to prevent
surfaces exposed to the metal. It will
particular case. On them depends the a vortex, as it is well known that any
be noticed that the metal falls direct
fate of the casting, and whilst in some swirl over the gate tends to bring down
from the runner-basin into a knob, with
cases a clean casting may
be got at the
which the in-gate is connected, and this
dirt which would otherwise remain in
expense of an enormous riser or header, tlie head. With this form, no vortex
leads to an annulus formed around the
it will be found, with a more suitable can be noticed until the metal gets about
core, from which lead several small
gate, that a much smaller header, or in- half-way down the basin; this is a de-
deed no riser at all, will be required. tail the importance of which moulders
generally do not appreciate.
Holder's Experience a Factor.
The moulder has The flow of metal from the ladle to the
to rely entirely upon
his experience as to what combination
runner-box under observation, and the
is
rate at which it is poured may be regu-
of the principles involved will form the
lated so that the header is always about
best runner for any particular ease. Gen-
full, and by ordinary care a constant
erally, the metal must enter the mould
supply can be maintained, which goes
quietly, and with as little velocity as
towards a quiet entry, and minimizes
possible. There are instances, however,
wliere a fairly high velocity is a distinct
splash. Whilst this form of basin may
FIG. GATING FOR LONG LINER. take a few more minutes to make than
advantage, as in the case of a ring or -2.
tion that the the metal is most likely to ing covering a considerable area and
they had to be scrapped, and on en-
splash in the mould, particularly on the having an exceptionally large core com-
commencement of ponrino:, where the pared with the bulk of metal. If the
man handling the ladle often gets in whole of the gas and air from the core
such a position that too much metal is has to escape through the branch at the
leaving the spout, and this he suddenly end, the down-gate has to be compara-
checks to a too small amount, and so tively small so as to fill the mould at
the pouring oscillates as it were for a such a rate as will allow the gas to
second or two before settling down to a escape. To counter-balance the cooling
FIG. 3. IDEAL FIG. 4. BAD
regular flow. RUNNER BASIN. RUNNER BASIN. effect of the large exposed area, the
It may easily be seen that, as regards metal has to be cast as hot as possible.
Fig. any such irregularity does not tell
3, quiry it was found that the gate had Again, we may have a mould with a
directly on the down-gate. Metal if al- been put on the casting, the moulder's thin section of metal and containing
lowed to rush into a mould causes by its intention being to drop the metal be- several small cores, each having points
momentum undue pressure, strains the tween two cores; owing, however, to the of connection through which the gas
mould, tending to lift the top box, and gate not being straight, the metal had and air can escape. Here we have to
is a common cause of run-outs. The fun- been playing against the corner of one provide for the large cooling influence
nel shape also encourages the formation of the cores, which shot the metal across of the cores, and so the casting has to
of a vortex, and, the pouring be ob-
if the mould into pellets below a flange, be run sharply with hot metal. A quick
served, a swirl may
be seen on the sur- most of them being trapped there. A cast in such cases is permissible because
face even when the basin is quite full. great many of them came to the top of of the facilities for venting, which allow
Whilst this form of runner-basin is free- the casting, however, the iron used only the air to escape as it is chased in front
ly used in some foundries, it has little showing on analysis 0.3 per cent, phos- of the rising metal.
recommendation beyond its cheapness, phorus, and the pellets gave just the Balance-weights and hammer-blocks
and on investigation it will be found re- same percentage. should be cast with a large gate. If this
sponsible for a good many wasters. It Gates made just described
in the way class of work is not cast smartly, the
m.ay be good enough for some jobs but give good regular practice;
results in top of the mould runs the risk of being
it would be difficult for the management but they are in direct opposition to the drawn down, due to long exposure of
to discriminate what head box to use. contentions of many authors on foundry heat while the mould is filling.
Serviceable Form of Gating. Solid pieces are better cast with an
Fig. 5 shows the best form of gating in-gate three or four times the size neces-
for the great majority of castings. If sary to fill the mould, and the rate of fil-
we follow the course of the metal from ling regulated by a plug in the runner-
the runner-head, the construction of the box. This will be found to feed most
passasres at each point is such as will castings without the use of a rod through
give a quiet entry of the metal to the the riser.
mould, and without much velocity, an No rule can, therefore, be laid down
entry at or nearlhe bottom of the mould, governing the area of gates; this is a
and without splash. The in-gate should matter which must be left to experience.
be placed at such a position that the Some moulders, after considering the de-
metal will have a continuous and definite sign, weight, and area of a mould, will
flow from the moment it enters the say that it should be cast in, say, 40
mould, entering at or near the thinnest seconds or 1 minute, and on this basis
portion, so as to have the hottest metal the area of gate may be arrived at ap-
at the light section, and if a feeding-gate
1 1
proximately.
be considered necessary, this should be !
i
1 f
!
i
der to get these conditions, the down- The whole surface of runner-gates and
1. J
gate from the basin is distinctly smaller sprues should be carefully blackened. If
FIG. 5. IDEAL GATING.
than the down-gate in the drae or the in long down-gates the ordinary swab
FIG. 6. GENERAL FORM O^F GATING.
in-gate to the mould. The down-gate FIG. 7. GATING HINDERING FREE cannot be got to the bottom, it must be
from the cope discharges into a knob ESCAPE OF GAS. fastened to a rod. Should this precau-
FIG. S. HEADER'S GIVING SAME METAL tion be not observed, the gates will be
as also the down-gate in the drac:. PRElSSURB.
scabbed, indicating where patches of
These knobs serve much the same pur-
work, who, however, do not always state sand have been washed into the mould.
pose as a dashpnt to a governor; they
their reason. The cause of many otherwise mysterious
control >>ny sudden rush or irregularity,
defects will be located by an examina-
the object being to give a uniform and Miscellaneous Servics Gating.
tion of the gate before it is broken off
quiet flow. This saves many castings Fig. 6 shows the class of gate as used the easting. It is remarkable the num-
.
from scabs or pellets being shot all over for moulds generally, and, when choos- ber of experienced moulders who will
the mould, chilling in their flight with a ing this type, consideration must be neglect this most important detail by
coating of oxide, from which state they given to the depth of mould and bulk blacking the mouth of the gate only.
do not usually melt again, but are found of metal. If danger be anticipated from As to risers and headers generally, it
on the top of the cacting. These pellets high drop of metal into mould, Fig. 5, will be found that moulders incline to
CANADIiVN FOUNDRY MAN ii'j
the belief that a comparatively big medical treatment have the least IMPROMPTU MANUFACTURE OF
quantity of metal at the top is an ad- trouble. has been suggested that if
It HOWITZER SHELL CARTRIDGE
vantage. If, however, the runner-basin the careful inspection of employees CASES.
and gates are properly made, very little should be carried out, a large class of (Staff Article.)
dirt will have to be accounted for. A workmen would be unable to find em- IN our June issue the impromptu manu-
few extra inches will be found as good ployment. This would call for a legisla- facture in a Canadian plant of shrapnel
tive remedy, one that would enable a shell cartridge cases was dealt with at
as a foot, and so the only other advant-
age that may be expected is to so con- company to hire a man without being considerable length. Most of our readers
striietthe head that this will be the last liable for disability caused or contri- are doubtless aware that 4,5 howitzer
part of the metal to set, and thus the buted to by some existing disease of the shells are also being tui'ned out in con-
feeding-rod may be used to the best ad- man." siderable quantity by our steel foun-
vantage. The pressure due to the extra dries, forge and machine shops; it na-
depth of metal, whilst a distinct advant- turally follows that cartridge cases for
age, is no more than will be obtained by SUBSTITUTE FOR WOOD IN PAT- these too are required. The present
an ordinary feeding-plate of equal depth. TERN-MAKING. article deals with the manufacture of
the 4.5 shell cartridge case in the same
Some foundrymen do not appear to A COMPOSITION that has many ad-
])lant as described in our June number.
have sufficient confidence in their hydro- vantages over wood for small patterns
knowledge to say that the pressure can be made as follows With hot water
The howitzer cartridge case is very
static
nuu'h shorter than the shrapnel cartridge
due to the head is the same in both cases. mix into a thick paste three parts by
case, but the general line of manufac-
Fig. 8. In the right hand sketch, however, volume of starch, one part ground glue,
there is amount of metal
a considerable two parts fine resinous sawdust. The
ture is much the same. They are an-
nealed in the same furnace and at the
in bulk, often amounting to one-half the sawdust should not be added until the
same temperatures as the shrapnel cart-
weight of casting required. This large starch and glue have been dissolved by
ridge cases. Fig. 23 shows the complete
bulk of metal will remain fluid long after the water. After the ingredients are
series of operations, while Fig. 22 shows
ihe bottom portion has set, thus proving thoroughly mixed, heat the whole to 190
the Williams & White bulldozer on
a real disadvantage, not only increasing degs. Fahr., and continue the heating
which all of the four draws are accom-
the cost, but by the slow rate of cool- until the whole become a hard mass, then
ing, allowing' the carbon to separate out allow to cool and remove from the recep-
]ilished. The dies and punches are
clianged to suit the operation. In Fig.
in large flakes, making the top of the tacle. The resulting composition is a
22 the bulldozer is cupping the discs,
casting more open. strong, hard, horn-like substance that
and the operator is sliding in a disc. The
can be machined, sand-papered, and var-
shortness of the case enables all draws
nished the same as wood.
SELECTION OF EMPLOYEES. to be made on a bulldozer.
The principal advantage of this com- The indenting and heading operations
IN a talk Aid" before the
on "First
position over wood lies in the fact that it
are accomplished on hydraulic presses
Newark, N.J., Foundrymen 's Associa-
has no grain, and, therefore, turned and in the boiler shop of the plant.
tion recently, Dr. Henry Satchwell, of The
complicated patterns made from it do tapering is done in two stages on one
that city, emphasized the need on the
not have to 'be built up or glued together. Williams & White bulldozer.
part of employers to give more and
For the same reason it is easier to turn The semi-annealing is accompIis,hed
stricter attention to selection of their
and machine, and offers a smoother sur- by a very simple gas burning arrange-
employees, as nearly all accidents give
face when finished. It is also more fire- ment. Two vertical spindles carry two
opportunity of liability claim being-
l^roof than wood and not so readily af-
made against them. He said: discs on their ends, and bevel gears from
fected by atmospheric changes. a pulley driven shaft, revolve the two
"All workmen should be subjected to
medical examination, in order that all vertical spindles. A circular pipe with
hidden defects, either physical or men- holes drilled on its inner side forms the
tal, shall be known in advance. Injury CANADIAN MINERAL PRODUCTS gas burner. Thus the cartridge case is
by accident to the normal workman is a FOR BRITAIN. annealed, by being placed on the revolv-
small factor; by far the greatest loss is ing discs. The machining of the eases.
THROUGH the medium of the High Com-
and the tools, fixtures and gauges are
from accident to the diseased man. If a
missioner's Office, trial orders have been
sick man is well enough to get work, but similar to those for the 18-pdr. shell
;ivenby the British authorities for cer-
is afterward injured, the employer is case.
tain Canadian mineral products found in
totally liable therefore, the great im-
:
General.
Ontario and Quebec, and those who
portance of selecting labor. It will save At present the shop is not fully equip-
grumble about Canada's share of war
more money than all subsequent econ- ped and the organization has not been
contracts have no conception of the
omies. In foundries, where a great part perfected, but the estimated production
large orders already passed, at least so
of the work is heavy, ruptures are the of the 18-pdr. shrapnel shell cases is
we The Im-
are given to understand.
bugbear. Heart disease, weak arterial 5.000 per day of 24 hours. About 4,000
perialGovernment is adopting the policy
walls and similar deficiencies incapaci- Howitzer cases, expected will short-
it is
of giving the Dominion every possible
tate a man for such labor. ly be turned out during the same time.
chance.
"The proper reporting of accidents is The shells are carried about the shop on
Col. Pelletier, agent-general for Que- Chapman Double Ball Bearing Company
a duty that all manufacturers should
bec, is also supplying certain minerals trucks, in boxes of twenty-five each.
require. Itserves more than one pur-
pose. It gives the employer a chance to
from Quebec to the French analysts, who Trucks on standard gauge tracks take
hold out great hojies of utilizing the same care of the inter-shop traffic.
check up false claims and to apply the
for war munitions. The hardness of the brass must be
right treatment at the earliest possible
moment. Regulations for reporting ac- within certain limits or it will not per-
cidents are almost worthless unless a form its duty when under fire; thus case^
penalty is attached to the failure to re- The Swedish Crucible Steel Co., of have to be sent to the militarv autho-'-
port. Canada, Ltd., Windsor, Ont., have been ties to undergo a firing test. They have,
"It has been found that factories authorized to increase their capital stock however, proved to be up to all require-
that pay well both in wages and in to $200,000. ments, and with all the unavoidable dis-
120 C .V NA L) I A N FO UN DRY MAN
advantages under which this shop is huge success. The greatest credit is, ture of shrapnel and howitzer shell
working, it has most assuredly scored a therefore due to its engineering depart- cartridge cases by means of equipment
ment for their ingenuity, perseverance altogether foreign to the purpose not
and patriotism. to speak of the necessity of the latter 's
While the layman's appreciation of preservation against radical change in
the time, trouble and worry involved, design and arrangement, may be such as
and of the degree of success achieved, to elicit the highest praise and create
in such an undertaking as the manufac- wonder and amazement, it really falls
to the practical mechanical man to give
the work being done its true rating.
'?7*
47
HLf^DINO.
'^^^-
PIG. 23. SEiRIES OF OPERATIONS THROUGH WHICH THE 4.5 H0WITZE5R CARTRIDGE CASE PASSES IN THE PROCBSS OP
MANUFACTURE.
V\G. 22. CUPPING BRASS DISCS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF 4.5 HOWITZER CARTRIDGE CASES ON A "WILLIAMS & WHITE"
BULLDOZER.
PRODUCTION METHODS and DEVICES
A Department for the Interchange and Distribution of Shop and Office Data
and Ideas Evolved from Actual Practical Application and Experience
THE IMPORTANCE OF CORRECT to its general use, however, is that the This a modification of the well known
is
GATING. metal falls continuously upon the face "horn" gate, and its success lies in the
By Arthur Smith. of the mould or core, and is apt to cause fact that the metal is so thoroughly
cutting or scabbing unless the mould is screened there is very little likelihood
is perhaps not an exaggeration to
nailed where the metal strikes. In cast- of any impurities entering the mould.
IT state that fully fifty per cent, of the
ings having flanges or pockets where a This gate may be made quite heavy, and
castings proving defective in a foun-
pool is almost instantly formed, the engine beds weighing several tons are
dry are the result, either directly or in-
"pop" gate can not be improved upon. successfully poured with one block gate
directly, of incorrect gating. A careful
on each side of the main bearing.
and efficient foreman will see that the Flat or "Stove Plate" Gate.
moulders are provided with proper Theflat or
'
stove plate
'
'
gate is often
'
Gating Through the Core.
equipment in the way of flasks; he will used for light work with good results. The old-fashioned method of gating
insist upon the necessary sands and fac- This gate is usually Yi in. or %
in. in through the core commends itself in
ings, and will insure that the mould is diameter by from 2 in. to 4 in. wide, many instances, and has the advantage
fully secured and vented, but will leave and is placed directly on top of the pat- that the metal travels through dry sand
the location and size of the gates to the tern. As the name indicates, it is used continuously until it enters the casting.
judgTuent of the mechanic. extensively for stove-plate work, thin This is a splendid gate for large gas and
Correct gating is an art, and it is un- plates, etc. It is remarkable how fast air cylinders cast on end, the method be-
fortunate that so few moulders value it one or two of these gates will take the ing to cut the gate through the centre
X.-^.,
\, y~. A^T^yT
STR.MNER (iATE STRAINER GATE POP GATE. STOVE PLATE GATE.
RECTANGULAR. ROUND.
at its true worth. We are all aware that iron, and the mould fills so rapidly there of the barrel, a vent being rammed in
if any dirt at all ocurs in a casting it is little danger of cutting. each half of the core.
will likelybe found at or near the gate.
The "Strainer" Gate. The Runner Box Feature.
Still, many mechanicswill place the gate
The "strainer" gate for small gated Even when the utmost care is exer-
right against or upon a finished face,
work is one of the most satisfactory cised in gating, the effectiveness of the
simply because it offers a convenient
that has ever come under the observa- gate is often discounted by the sloping
place for the metal to enter the casting.
tion of the writer. When
using this and spilling of the metal in the runner
Another delusion is that a heavy easting
gate, the metal is strained through a box when beginning to pour. To guard
must have large gates, sight apparently
perforated oil sand core, and it is almost against this, some founders place a dry
being lost of the fact that several small
impossible for any dirt to enter the sand runner box on top of the mould. In
gates will fill the casting equally fast,
mould. In a moulding machine shop, this runner are placed one or two strain-
while the runner box may be kept full
where the work is poured by foreigTiers, er cores, which collect all dirt or slag
at all limes and the danger of slag and
whose chief desire seems to be getting before it can reach the gate. This run-
dirt going down materially reduced.
the iron out of the ladle, this gate is in- ner core is simple to make, and an or-
Top or "Pop" Gate. valuable. While the initial expense of dinary coremaker can turn out a great
Many moulders lean toward the top or equipping machine boards with strainer number in the course of a day. One is
"pop" gate. This is a round gate, % gates may seem formidable, they will surprised at the amount of dirt gathered
in.or 1/2 in. in diameter, placed directly quickly pay for themselves in castings by the strainer cores, a portion of which
on top of the casting, and in a great saved. would almost of necessity enter the gate.
many cases it is a first-class arrange- An attractive method of pouring heavy Some moulders make a practice of al-
ment. One of the principal objections eastings is through the "block" gate. ways gating a casting at its heaviest
:
reason that the gate keeps the metal hand." These factors, the report states, ing and commercial circles," says the
alive at this point so long that a spongy should make
Russia a great market, report, "and should prove an excellent
C/)ST//ys \i5
J --a
PLAN AT JOIMT
/it/A/vr/i
\-:-s<''j:^^^:.<{vo'4c^r:^^^^^^^
V- ' r-^t-p^ ^y 1 >.,;v.''.:.-> *^.-.,
_".^
BLOCK CATE ENTERING CASTING AT JOINT OP MOULD. BLOCK GATE ENTERING CASTING XT BOTTOM.
bers of the Russian Government and the Russian requirements and to keep Canadian manufacturers are able
If
with leading bankers, having had con- in touch with the consumer by means of to export these rods, the information
siderableassistance from the British local agents, who play a very prominent ascertainable covering the following par-
Commercial Attache and British Consul part in connection with the foreign ticulars may be of service. The rods re-
at Petrograd. He points out that at the trade of Russia. Firms seeking trade quired should be of soft and hard steel
outbreak of the war, Germany, after 25 with Russia should enter the market in and in what is known to the trade as 4,
years of effort, had to her credit 52 per groups or syndicates, this being pos- 5 and 6 gauge. The soft steel rods should
cent, of the import trade of Russia. sible when the products of such firms have 0.10 per cent, carbon, and the hard
Since the war, the conventional tariff do not compete, but are complementary steel rods 0.40, 0.50 and 0.60 per cent.
rates have been withdrawn, the general to each other. It is also desirable to carbon. The soft rods are intended to
tariff increased by 10 per cent., and a have assembling shops in Russia, par- be drawn into wire for the making of
surtax of 100 per cent, imposed against ticularly for machinery, thus saving on such articles as boot rivets and wire
Germany and Austria. The war has not Customs duties and permitting tender- mattresses, while wire obtained from
devastated any true Russian areas, but ing on Government works. A start the hard rods is used among other pur-
districts which constituted the base of should be made in Petrograd, where the poses for card clothing and also for
the German economic penetration of Russian fashions are set. wire rope making.
Russia. "The successful participation of Can-
Russia, says Mr. Just, has great ada in the contracts of the Russian Gov- The Toronto Structural Steel Co., At-
powers of recuperation, is internally ernment for munitions of war, railway lantic Avenue, has received a contract
licli and prosperous, and affords "great rolling stock, and it is believed for loco- for shells.
CONTEMPORARY WAR ARTICLES
Embracing Information and Data Drawn from a Variety of Sources Relative
to and Arising from the Prosecution of this Many-Sided European War
CAST IRON vs. STEEL SHELLS. l)alauce; with east iron tiiere is always is not inherently improbable. Every na-
have recently been picked up on destroy accuracy. play, and it is not unlikely that all of
the battlefields in Flanders has had the "Moreover, if the projectile were cast them have drawn upon resources of every
natural result of raising the question as on a core and was not machined in-
chill kind that can be turned to account. If
to why, if the Germans employ this ma- ternally a risk of the core not being ab- the Germans
are indeed using cast iron,
terial, then shouldn't we? The subject solutely concentric would always have to it a favorable sign, for it shows that
is
has been aired in the British House of be faced. Accurate fire would then be even they, with all their preparation,
Commons, and has formed the theme of impossible. To remove a chill core, even were unable to collect enough material
more or less correspondence in the edi- if it were collapsible, it would be neces- of a modern kind to meet the require-
torial columns of both the lay and tech- sary to have a large hole in the base of a ments of the war.
nical press. Our contemporary, "The high explosive shell, of which the point There are, of course, not wanting
Engineer," has
very opportunely in- is always solid, which subsequently those who, while agreeing that for ac-
vestigated the matter, and additional would have to be plugged. If a sand core curate fire or penetration the cast iron
point is given to its editorial pronounce- were used it might be removed through shell is non-serviceable, still believe that
ment from the fact that it had for in- a smaller hole, but the machining of the for scattering earthworks and breaking
spection a piece of a German cast iron interior would be difficult owing to the down wire entanglements, chunks of
projectile, received from a correspon- shape of the ogival head and the small- cast iron are just as effective as chunks
dent. ness of the hole through which the tool of steel, and, of course, cost much less.
Keferring, in the first instance, to the must be entered. In the ease of shrap-
sample submitted, which was about 2 nel the boring would be much easier, be-
inches square and %-ineh thick, the cause a large opening is left for filling DEMAND FOR ANTIMONY.
opinion is expressed that it belonged to purposes, but, owing to the small num- IN each British 18-pounder shrapnel
ber of bullets that could be carried, cast shell there is approximately one pound of
a 6-inch diameter shell, that the internal
iron shrapnel cannot be considered. antimony. The shrapnel bullet is com-
surface had been east on a chill, and
posed of 871/2 per cent. lead and 12i/^
that while the outside surface had been "All these facts have militated against
per cent, antimony, and the total weight
turned, the inside had not been so treat- east iron shell, and although, of course,
of the bullets in the shell is close to
ed. The observations made and deduc- cast ironand cast steel were used at one
eight pounds.
tions drawn, which follow, will be found time they have entirely given place to
enormous production of shrap-
Tlie
highly interesting and instructive as forged steel. Furthermore the methods
nel, including shells now in course of
well. of manufacture of steel shell have 'been
manufacture, already has reached a to-
Objections. so developed that such shell can actually
tal that is far in excess of the U. S.
"There are several objections to such
be turned out more quickly than those of
imports of antimony for last year. Im-
cast iron of equal reliability and ac-
shells. In the first place, where shrapnel ports then were in excess of 14,000,000
is concerned, the number of bullets is re-
curacy. An 18-pounder shell for ex-
pounds. However, there were produced
ample, can be completely machined from
duced because the walls of the projectile close to 25,000,000 pounds of antimonial
the bar in about forty minutes. The case
must be made much thicker. In the case lead in that country in 1914. The anti-
for the forged steel shell is, then, com-
of high-explosive shell, this does not ap- mony content was about 2,500,000
plete, and there is no case at all for the
ply in so gTeat a degree, because the pounds.
cast iron shell.
walls of the steel shell are then made "The situation in respect of supplies
thicker than is necessary for strength, A Case of Necessity. is less acute than early in May," says
but there is such danger of a cast iron "The answer is fairly obvious, as to the Wall Sti'eet Journal, "when the ten-
shell developing cracks during manufac- why Germans are using cast iron shells. sion in affairs between Japan and China
ture that high explosives cannot safely In spite of the greatness cf the supplies threatened to shut off the only present
be used in them. It must be remember- of their modern guns and projectiles, the foreign source of supply for the United
ed that no risk of a shell bursting in a Germans are beginning to find them not States. The apparently more friendly
gun must be run, and no one will doubt inexhaustible under the tremendous drain relations between those two countries
that there is more risk in cast iron than that is being put upon them. Hence, has reassured the American manufac-
there is in forged steel. guns and projectiles have been drawn turers, especially the type makers the
"Another point against cast iron is from stores many years' old to fill up the commerciallv bis' users of antimonv.
connected with accuracy of fire. To en- deficit in modern supplies. The guns use
sure this, the projectile must be perfect- a lower powder pressure, which the cast
ly in balance. The walls must not only iron is able to stand, and the shells are German Field Gun. The German field
be of exactly the same thickness all probably filled with black powder, so gun is15-pounder.
a It has a wedge
round, but they must be homogeneous. that less danger is to be feared from an breech action, that is to say, the breecli
At the very high speed of revolution set accidental burst. We believe this to be is closed by a wedge and not by a screw,
up by the rifling, a small difference of the real reason for the fragment of a as with our field gun. It has three sights
weight to one side of the centre line cast iron shell being found on the battle- and a clinometer, but no independent
would be quite sufficient to cause irregu- field. line of fii'e. Each gun weighs about
lar shooting. With forged steel there is "Whether the Allies also are using 2,000 pounds, and takes 378 rounds of
little or no difficulty in securing this old guns and shell we cannot say, but it ammunition into action.
":
The subject matter of this paper traces in a racij and general way the present day devel-
opment of the drop forging indiiMry. Particular prominence is given to the die feature, to the
variety of forging material tonnage and the fact that in recent years many lines of forgings
have been standardized as regards size and style by different manufacturers.
type of drop hammer was devised. The piece, the liability of any additional ceptible in the matching of the dies,
history of the drop forging industry lies strains is diminished; furthermore the which, however accurately set in the
well within this period of about seventj'- life of the dies is increased. hammer will vary slightly in the fall,
five years, though by far the greatest For the making of plainer pieces one due to the necessary play in the hammer
improvements both in the machinery set of dies is usually sufficient, but in head between the ways. These are al-
and practices have been made during many of the more complicated forms, most negligible; however, they should
the last twenty-five years. such as crank shafts having three or be considered in the construction of jigs
more throws set at other than straight for the finishing work. Where uniform-
The making of forging dies is almost
angles, two or more sets of dies are re- ity of contour is essential, it is cus-
as much a trade, and,
of an art as it is
quired, one for each separate operation. tomary to obtain this by re-striking the
except for merely elementary features,
Frequently the intermediate operations forgings after the trimming operation
no fixed rules can be laid down for the
work. In the early days of the industry
may be performed in the press, which is in sizing dies, especially on the smaller
normally an auxiliary of the drop ham- sizes of forgings. Generally this re-
there were but few mechanics, however
mer, or it may be desirable to resort to striking operation is done cold, though
well skilled otherwise, who could make
first principles and require the assist- occasionally at a low heat.
drop forging dies successfully without
ance of the blacksmith, who is yet, and
a considerable period of actual practice Drop Forging Tonnage.
probably always will be, a very impor-
in the work. This condition operated The greatest tonnage in drop forgings
tant factor in the working of wrought
somewhat to retard the development for is in the carbon steels, and principally
metals.
a number of years. those below forty points in carbon con-
The variety of shapes which it is pos-
The Die Feature. tent. The proportion of tool steel forg-
sible to make by this process is almost
ings used in the construction of various
The making of the dies is a feature unlimited, although some would require
implements and tools is very slight, but
of first importance in the production of so many operations as to make the cost
drop forgings. Each desigTi or piece has
may be properly classed among the car-
prohibitive. Where such are required,
bon steels, though high-speed steels also
to be given individual attention in its however, in large quantities this diffi-
form a feature of the drop forging pro-
construction to promote ease of opera-. culty may be overcome in a measure,
in the metal while
duct. The growth of the automobile in-
tion, free motion even though three or more operations
dustry has called into use a variety of
forging, and accuracy in forms and di- may be required to produce them. Very
alloy steels for parts where resistance
mensions. To permit the easy removal thin pieces or those that are thin with
to vibration is necessary, and forgings
of the forgings from the dies a draft of heavier sections at intervals, are among
seven degrees is usually allowed on the
made of nickel steel, chrome nickel, and
the difficult shapes to produce because
vanadium steel now form a very large
sides or vertical dimensions, although in of the rapid cooling of the thin parts in
part of the product of many drop forg-
some shapes this may be more or less the dies which prevents the reduction
ing plants. These alloys, besides re-
than seven degrees. Ordinarily this to size without reheating. Such pieces
sisting vibration to a great degree, also
draft is added, but where the forging is would, therefore, be more expensive
furnish when properly heat-treated the,
not to be finished to any particular di- than those of equal weight, but more re-
remarkable wearing qualities so highly
mension, or if the metal could be spared gular in outline and of greater thick-
at that point, it is sometimes taken off. desirable in gears and similar parts.
ness. By far the greater number of
The allowance for shrinking is usually shapes in drop forgings are, however, of Copper and bronze forgings are also a
such thickness and general proportion considerable feature of the drop forging
Prom a paper read at the National Machine as to be quite easily handled, and those product, though these are restricted
Tool Builders' Association Convention, At-
lantic City, May 20-21. just mentioned would perhaps be more chiefly to electrical work and where re-
'President, Drop Forging Co. of New York. properly regarded as exceptional. sistance to corrosion is necessary.
126 C ANADIAN F UN I) RY MAN
Within recent years many lines of THE LATE THOMAS D. WEST. technical papers for engineering and
forgings have been standardized with THOMAS D. WEST, for many years foundrymen 's associations. Two of his
respect to size and style, so that they one of the most widely known men in works have been translated into French
may be obtained from manufacturers the foundry trade in the United States and German.
without the need or expense of special and a high authority on foundry prac-
forging dies to produce them. The tice, died at Glenville Hospital, Cleve-
larger part, however, of the drop forg- land, Ohio, June 18, from injuries re-
"TNT." PRODUCTION IN CANADA,
ing produce consists of forgings made ceived by being struck by an automobile THE report that the Minister of Militia
to customers' individual designs. In on the previous day. He was 64 years has inspected' the plant for the manufac-
most lines of manufacture methods are of age. As chairman of the board of di- ture of trinitrotoluol, erected for the
somewhat uniform, but in the drop forg- rectors of the West Steel Casting Com- Dominion Steel Corporation, and the
ing industry there is much difference in pany, Cleveland, he actively co-operated statement by the president of the cor-
methods, due perhaps to the latitude Avith his son, Ralph D. West, president poration, J. H. Plummer, that the first
within which it is possible to work and of the company, but for several years lot of "TNT" has been completed to
accomplish the same results. had spent much of his time in promoting the satisfaction of the War Office repre-
safety work in foundries and in other sentatives, mark an important step in
efforts for the benefit of foundrymen the Canadian manufacture of munitions
and their employees. of war.
LARGE STEEL CASTINGS FROM
SMALL CONVERTERS. Mr. West was born in Manchester, That "TNT" should be made in Can-
England. At the age of 12 he started to ada is due to the persistent efforts of
ARRANGEMENTS whereby large steel
Mr. Plummer, and the soundness of his
castings secured from small con-
are
verters
judgment in entrusting the contract for
operation at the Fonderia
is in
the nitration of the company's toluol to
Milanesia di Acciaio at Milan, Italy. In
a Canadian concern is justified by the
1894 several castings up to 6 tons in
fact that, while the best English houses
weight were made, a mixer being used,
asked for five to six months to put up-
and since then the weight has been in-
the necessary plant, the Canadian firm
creased to 25 tons, a larger mixi3r having
completed the work in two months. The
been built. Experience has shown that
benzol plant at Sydney, at which the
the quality of the steel is greatly im-
firststep in the process is taken, was
proved by its long liolding. Purification
erected in less than two months, and,
lakes place similar to that noticed in the
taking the two plants together, the en-
case of pig-iron mixers. Recently cast-
ings of 30 tons Iia.ve been made weigh-
terprise shows what can be accomplish-
ed in Canada when the need exists. It
inu' 45 tons with the easting heads. More
is a little over three months since the
steel than this must be made, due to a
first contract was given to the Steel Com-
possible skulling in the mixers during'
pany for toluol, and not over two
tlie long wait.
months since the contract was extended
The steel-making capacityconsists of to cover trinitrotoluol, and the delivery
tliree 1-tonconverters, two open-hearth
of finished "TNT" already by the Steel
furnaces of 3 to 4 tons, one open-hearth
Company is creditable to all concerned.
furnace of 6 tons (at the most 8 tons),
It is due to Mr. Plummer that the sup-
and a Stassano electric furnace holding
about 1 ton. Only one converter can be
ply of toluol available at the Algoma
THE Steel Corporation by-product plant at
blown at a time, owing to insufficient L.VTE THOMAS DY.OX WKST.
Sault Ste. Marie is also to be utilized.
blast, so that as fast as one is turned
The plant has been erected under his
down another is turned up. Also, only learn iron founding at the plant of the
auspices, and, through his efforts it will
two open-hearths can be run togetlier. Portland Locomotive Company, Port-
be ready during the present month.
There are two mixers, one holding 15 land, Maine. In 1887 he organized the
and the other 20 tons. The converters Thomas D. West Foundry Company,
were blown for four hours, and in that Sharpsville, Pa., now known as the Val-
time made 40 tons; one open-hearth fur- ley Mold & Iron Company, maker of in- Canada's Metal Production. Last
nace 8 tons, another 5 tons, and the elec- got molds. He was vice-president and year Canada produced' metal and
tric furnace 1 ton
altogether 53 tons. shop manager from its organization un- metallic ores valued at $58,870,000. Cop-
This large excess of 8 tons was to count- til 1909. He organized the West Steel per contributed 75,000,000 pounds at an
erbalance skulls in the mixers, whicli Casting Company, Cleveland, in 1907. average price of 131/2 cents; gold, 770,-
amounted to 6 tons. The neverthe-
steel, Mr. West was president of the Ameri- 000 ounces, valued at $15,925,000; lead,
less, cast all right. We are informed, can Foundrymen 's Association in 1905 36,000,000 pounds at 41/2 cents; nickel,
says Page's Weekly, that .34 tons of and 1906, and was an honorary member 45,000,000 at 30 cents a pound; silver,
steel were blown and 4 and 7 tons res- of that association as well as of the 27,500,000 ounces at 54.8 cents; and zinc
pectively were obtained from two open- Pittsburg, Philadelphia, and other asso- ore, 13,000 tons, valued at $310,000. The
hearth furnaces. No sknll was left in ciations of foundrymen. He was also a war has affected metals in various ways.
the mixers. member of the American Society of Me- Copper is now selling at 20 cents a
The cupola charge for the converters chanical Engineers, the American So- pound, nickel about 50 cents a pound,
consisted of 50 per cent, hematite with
ciety for Testing Materials, and several while lead and zinc also show advances
other mechanical and scientific societies. in price. The only exception to the gen-
very high silicon, and 50 per cent, steel
He was author of "American Foundry which is now
eral increase is silver, sell-
scrap with 0.2 per cent, silicon. The Practice," "Molders' Text Book," ing about 5 cents an ounce less than last
castings were annealed by building a "Metallurgy of Cast Iron," "The Com- however, that the
year. It is estimated,
furnace around them in which a coke fire petent Life," "Accidents: Their Cause heavy demand for munitions means $20,-
Vifls used. and Remedies," and a large number of 000,000 to Canada's mine owners.
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE
Embracing the Further Discussion of Previously PubHshed Articles, Inquiries for
General Information, Observations and Suggestions. Your Co-operation is Invited
THE USE OF FLUX IN THE BRASS was almost sure to become mixed with melt, more plaster of paris should be
FOUNDRY. the metal and cause black spots in the added. When the metal is ready to
castings. Chloride of zinc has proved to pour, do not attempt to skim, as the slag
By R. Micks.
be the most valuable flux for aluminum. will rise to the top when the metal is
Good sound castings cannot be pro- should be taken not to raise the tempera- become unconscious of the real motive
duced from copper when it is melted ture any higher than is necessary, as behind our efforts. This is plainly what
alone, and more chemicals have been
melted aluminum should be protected is called "being in a rut." We cannot
tried and more different fluxes proposed
from the air as much as possible. see and will not see until circumstances
for this metal than for any other used in Nickel. or someone points the way out for us.
For years, aluminum was melted with- metal should be allowed to melt in the us up to act; even having started some-
out a flux or covering, as charcoal, on usual rnanner, and if the slag is not thing, we soon lose sight of the object
account of the lightness of aluminum, fluid enough at the conclusion of the we strive for. We adopt means for cer-
amount of profit was lost in this prac- an opening sufficient for the shovel to one of the most important developments
tice, it was a foolish action each time enter and thus keep the dust down. of its kind that has yet taken place in
it was repeated. industrial Canada. Their view is this
Systematic Study of Detail.
A certain section of a factory was set that has shaken a big industry, steel
it
Several changes such as these are re- and its allied branches, out of a rut;
apart for making up small shipments.
quired in many factories. The need stimulated inventive qualities in the
Under a work-bench was placed several
only, is to develop the faculty to see mills and compelled the development of
kegs of nails, one behind the other. Each
them. This is best acquired by system- adaptability to changing conditions.
'time the packer wanted nails he had to
atically studying each detail and im-
reach down and rummage in the several When the shell business ceases with
proving it.
kegs before he could find the size nails
required. It would seem that the waste
the end of the war, it is argued that
manufacturers will be less ready to
of this tim'C, and constantly running HABIT. throw up their hands, because business
into this inconvenience would have SOURCE of about three-quarters of all along the old lines had ceased, as they .
brought some enlightenment to the work- human actions, time saver and thought did in many cases last summer, and will
man to the end that it would have led saver, best of slaves and worst of mast- be alert for new opportunities. The
him to have the kegs placed on a bench ersthat is Habit. The strength of it is high praise that has been bestowed on
purposely made, and have each size or beyond the realization of the people who the Canadian shell makers by the Im-
sample of nail placed on the outside of are the most dependent upon it, and its perial Government is proof that adapta-
each keg. This idea failed to material- danger is as great as its value, according bility and efficiency of a high order ex-
ize, however, as similar ideas fail to to the character of the habits them- isted, but that initiative was to some ex-
come to us. This inconvenience would selves. tent lacking.
PROGRESS IN NEW EQUIPMENT
A Record of New and Improved Machinery and Accessories for the Pattern,
Boiler and Blacksmith Shops, Planing Mill, Foundry and Power Plant
MULTIPLE BAR SAW. and are furnished with automatic throw- diameter according to the size of the
covers the time of cutting all of the both hands. A regulating switch for
five. welding any thickness of metal within
The saw blades are of vanadium steel, NO. lO-D SPOT WELDEK. its capacity 'of No. 18 or 14 gauge steel
and the saw teeth of the best high speed is provided. The depth of the throat
steel. All the bearings on the machine return withdraws the saw blade on com- is 101/2 in. the adjustment of the lower
;
are bushed with bronze, while all steel pletion of cut, and all operating levers horn, 6 in. ; height from floor to work
parts are made of high carbon forgings. are located conveniently at one point. points, 41 in., and transformer capacity,
The feeds are variable and automatic. The saws range from 30 in to 34 in. 121/2kw. This machine will make 500
welds on No. 18 gauge; 900 on No. 22
gauge; 1,500 on No. 26 gauge, and 3,000
on No. 30 gauge steel with a current
consumption of 1 kw.-hr.
^
and the machine operated by two men,
is terial by lifting one
end off the frame,
Hvv avoiding the necessity of using a hy- while the other end swings on two bolts.
draulic ram on heavy work. It is equip- When in operation, the loose end of the
ped with clamps for welding either box is held in place by a spring catch.
rounds or flats. A current regulator This shaker will be found convenient
and water-cooled dies form a part of the for applying facing sand, the screen box
equipment. The machine illustrated has containing enougli sand for several
a welding capacity of 1/2 to ly^ in. rounds molds, thereby avoiding the fatigue in-
or 1/8 X 7-in. flats. The stroke of the cident to lifting the full riddle above
carriage is 4 in. and the carriage opens the flask for each mold when riddling bv
4V2 in. The height from the floor to hand. The machine is furnished with
centre of work is 42 in.; the floor space screen box, either 9 in. wide by 12 in.
is 22 x 34 in., and the transformer capa- long, 12 in. wide by 14 in. long, or with
city is 30 kw. This machine will make screen holder to accommodate an 18-in.
11 welds on l^/i-in.; 18 welds on 1-in.; riddle. The Hanna Engineering Works,
3S welds on %-in., and 135 welds on 1/2 Chicago, Illinois, are the manufacturers.
in. round bars with a current consump-
the hammer until released. This part of must necessarily be an upper limit to underneath and separated by a fire
the apparatus is operated by a rubber the hardness. On the steel used for brick slab, the heat passing from the
air bulb. At the back of the tube is a shrapnel which is generally about 50- combustion chamber through long nar-
scale ou which are figures which bear re- point carbon, 70-point manganese, the row slots at the sides of this slab into
lation to the hardness of specific metals. maximum hardness should not be over the heating chamber, giving a furnace
The shell is placed in a grooved block fiO on the scleroscope. of semi-muffle construction. Each cham-
ber is fired independently by natural
gas or fuel oil burner. Compactness is
=100
a feature of the arrangement, and for
=-
die work, where long soaking preheating
=-90
MO.0M
-
heats are desired before bringing up to
soaooo _^^
the final hardening temperature, special
2saooo
=-80 usefulness claimed.
is
240000
220.000
With this furnace, two chambers can
200.000 ^70 be used for preheating and one chamber
1M.0O0
180.000 ^^^ for hardening, or the three chambers
170.000
160,000
150.000 ^60 can be used independently for entirely
130.000
different work. A
lever arm is fastened
120000
110.000 ^50 to the rear sheave bracket, and is at-
#0.000
I
aooo
tached with a suitable sliding arrange-
eooo* ment to the lifting links on the door, so
7O000 ^40
eaoQO
0.000 that the door can be readily raised and
saMO
saooo
lowered by the movement of this lever.
S-30 40.000
The counterweights for each door drop
40JHW
^_^ 30JM0
30000 in the rear of the furnace.
20
20.000
7=- I5XW0
SHRAPNEL SHELL EXPLOSIVES.
=-w THE main propelling charge is invariably
Iron Copper of smokeless powder; this is relatively
Steel ^^0 Alloys
difficult to ignite and a completely satis-
Hardness factory primer has yet to be found. In
ELASTIC LIMITS
every respect save that of smoke, black
(TENSILE) SYM-
BOLIZED BY THE powder makes the best primer; Krupps
TESTING SliEIiLS FOR HATtDXESS WITH "SHORE" SCLEROSCOPE
SCLEROSCOPE. HARDNESS UNITS. use a special cloth woven from guncotton
yarn. Most of the smoke produced by
under the scleroscope and the diamond THREE-CHAMBER DIE-HARDENING mod'ern ammunition is due to combustion
pointed steel hammer allowed to drop
'
FURNACE. of particles abraded from copper driving
on the polished part of shell. The ham- ing band and is thus hardly avoidable.
THE description and illustration refer The mechanical form of the explosive dif
mer rebounds and the figure at which it
to three-chamber die-hardening fur-
a fers in shells of various nationalities.
stops is noted by the operator.
This i?
nace manufactured by Tate-Jones & Co., In Americanshrapnel, perforated
repeated several times, the shell being
Pittsburg, Pa. It consists of three dis- cylindrical grains of nitro-cellulose
moved round each time. The hardness
required of shrapnel shells must be
tinct separate chambers, two of which (about %
in. long by 3-16 diameter) are
are 18 in. wide, 18 in. deep, and 10 in. used. The advantage of perforation lies
around 45, a slight variation above or
in greater burning area and more con-
below being allowable.
stant surface than that of interstices be-
The shell must not rupture at the point
tested when its contained charge is ex-
ploded nor when the charge in the ease
is set off. Should the shell upset near
the rifling band groove when being- pro-
r^j^j ,i
tween cords or strips, so that regular ig-
nition and complete combustion are ob-
tained, On the other hand, unless pressed
hard, perforated granules are liable to
crush under the gas pressure developed.
pelled out of the gun, it would of course
German ammunition uses bundles of
destroy the rifling of the latter.
stick nitro-cellulose about 9 inches long.
Experience with the scleroscope has
disclosed the existence of a definite rela-
tion between the hardness and strength
,1LM
rjf^ '.
l^^^^&Bl^fc^^^
- -
-!
^
"=**^ ^Hb
Cordite has been much used in our shells
in the past, but now a crystalline explo-
sive, similar to that in Russian shells, is
of metal. In determining the strength of
metal, two stages are recognized: First,
the elastic limit, yield point or load re-
quired to start a permanent set; second,
B generally employed. French strip powder
(about Yz in. by 1-64 in.) is used in 6-inch
lengths. For the bursting charge, black
powder is always used, since it gives the
the ultimate strength or load required to
right sort of impulse to the bullets and is
terminate permanent elongation and re-
not affected by the shock of firing the
duction of area in rupture.
The hardness indicated by the sclero-
scope is intimately related to the elastic
limit, asshown by the scale cut. The
5 shell. Engineering Review.
Concerning Shell Orders. The
Canad-
more rapidly than
elastic limit increases THREE-CHAMBER DIK-HARDKNING ian Committee have, we under-
Shell
FURNACE.
the hardness from 43 to 45, this being stand, advised all those engaged in mak-
the minimum index of the strength value high. The third chamber is 12 in. wide, ing shells not to wait for formal orders
required. As an elongation of 8 per 18 in. deep, and 10 in. high.Each has a in the future, but to go ahead and manv,-
cent, in 2 inches is also called for, there separate combustion chamber located facture to capacity.
J3i CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
SHELLS AND GENERAL SUPPLIES FOR BRITAIN.
The MacLean Publishing Company we might judge by the
activities of our engineering-
LIMITED
(ESTABLISHED 1888.)
IFand metal-working plant managements relative to the
further development of the manufacture of shi-apnel
JOHN BAYNE >IACLEAN - -
H. T. HUNTER
TYBKELL
-----
- - - -
- - President
General Manager
Asst. General Manager
and high explosive shells in their every and complete fea-
H. V. ture, there is abundant evidence that if someone has not
PUBLISHERS blundered, at least dissatisfaction over the paucity and
scope of the orders placed exists. It has long since been
proved that we can produce shells of first quality and in
^lAf^pipEPAJN quantity ad lib, but, being now informed that our efforts
lack all merit because only "empty" shells have been
Ban. BuHdin,. seems to have been taken in official circles of how they
'^TnuTal-Hoo^s T0:-T02 I^aste^rnJownsMp,^
grasped and made a huge success of this shell forging and
Telephone Main 7324.
machining business. What was accomplished in this
Toronto-143-149 University Ave.
Phone Garry 2313.
Winnipeg-34 Royal Bank Building. respect many months ago is as yet being only partly rea-
UNITED STATES
York Tj
New xr K. -R
B.
I, no Broadway,
Huesiis, 115
TTiiPRtis '" New YorK. lized much less appreciated officially, and little wonder
Telephone 8971 Rector. is it that being fully aware of the call and necessity for
140 South Dearborn Street,
Chicago-A. H. Byrne, Room 607, "Shells, and Shells, Then More Shells," our leading metal-
Phone Randolph, S234.. working plant managements have banded themselves to-
Old Sou^tb Bljl^p..
Boston-C. L. Morton. Room 733.
^^^^^ .^,^ gether to "press their suit" without the official aid which
was their right to expect, but their misfortune to lean too
"""lind!n""trMacI.ean Company o. Great Britain, Umlted
Central implicitly upon.
88 Fleet Street, E.C. E. J. Dodd, Director. Telephone
12960. Addre*: Atabek, London, England. The concentration of effort indicated gives but concrete
SUBSCRIPTION RATE: expression to a gradually developed necessity relative to
States. $1.50 for two
Canada, $1.00 for two years; United for two
shell manufacture in our Dominion. The steps already
and other colonies. 4s. 6d
years- Great Britain, Australia taken to establish and equip plants for the supply of
$1.50 for two years. Advertising rates
years; other countries,
"fixed ammunition" may be taken as a result of the ini-
on request.
their paper regnlarly wll tiative of our plant managements and their staffs. Ar-
Subscribers wUo are not receiving
confer a favor by letting us know. We should be notlfled at rangements are, we understand, now proceeding smoothly
address, giving both old and new. and satisfactorily with respect to the provision of fixed
once of any change in
ammunition for the various sizes and types of shells being
JULY, 1915 No. 7
manufactured in Canada, and within the next two months
Vol. VI.
it is expected that the various plants devoted to this fea-
PRINCIPAL CONTENTS. ture will be in a position to cope with the output of what
Voundr.v Practice, II .117-1X9
Notes and ObKervations on Mo.lprn are known as "empty shells."
.119-120
General ",'
,U .
ECONOMY AND EFFICIENCY OF that is, metal and cyanide, and at the nide, when he can introduce chemically
COPPER CYANIDE.* same time eliminate one operation the pure copper cyanide into his bath direct,
By
H. Proctor.
C. conversion of the carbonates, etc., into especially when a solution made up with
the copper solutions have
past, copper cyanide. chemically pure materials can be con-
IN been prepared with various ma- trolled with absolute certainty? When
Copper Cyanide Not New.
terials. The majority of platers used the bath needs metal, the plater adds it
so-called copper carbonate, which is in Copper cyanide is nothing new. It in the form of copper cyanide, and when
reality a sub-sulphate of copper, the lias been available for years, but unfor- it requires cyanide, he adds it in the
metal contents of which vary from 45 tunately it could only be obtained at a form of sodium cyanide. In other words
to 52 per cent. Some platers are still price which made its use prohibitive. he is now able to make up a solution
preparing: solutions with copper acetate, The plater has had to continue the use of which will give the best possible results
wliicli tests in the neighborhood of 30 impure salts. He has had to continue in the shortest time and remain constant
per cent, copper, and others are using- clogging up his solutions with dead salts, and well balanced.
cupri-eupro sulpbite of copper, which is which, while they gave results for the
Chemically Pure Material Solutions.
known in the market as red copper com- time being, forced him to discard, or at
In the solutions which 1 will prepare,
pound, testing^ about 40 per cent, copper. least partially discard, the baths when
I will confine myself strictly to chemic-
tliey became too dense. Every plater
Expensive Procedure. ally pure materials. The copper bath
knows that a dense solution is harder to
will be prepared as follows:
Although the plater knew that of these manipulate and control, and that it re-
materials the metal was tlie only ingre- (|uires more current to get a satisfactory Water .... 5 ounces
dient of value to him, still he was forced deposit. He
has had to contend with an Copper cyanide 15 ounces
to use such impure salts. He, of neces- unknown factor, the nature of which he Zinc cyanide 5 ounces
sity, had to add about 50 per cent, of in- Sodium cyanide '....15 ounces
ert matter when using the so-called cop- I will prepare the brass solution ac-
per carbonate, 60 per cent, when using
AMERICAN ELECTRO-PLATERS' SO-
CIETY. TORONTO BRANCH. cording to the following recipe
cupri-cupro sulphite of copper, and 69 Officers
AVater 5 ounces
per cent, when introducing acetate of President John A. Magill, 591 St.
Clarens Ave.. Toronto. Copper cyanide 15 ounces
popper. You can readily appreciate that,
Vice-President ^William Salmon, 48 Oak Zinc cyanide 5 ounces
after a few additions of metal salts, tlie Street, Toronto.
has therefore looked for a material free had no way of determining. Recently,
tion of thesame metal contents with cop-
from impurities which would make this per carbonate, I would have to use over
however, copper cyanide has been put on
waste unnecessary. the market at a price which not only I2V2 ounces of material per gallon, thus
The silver plating industry first rea- increasing the density over 100 per cent.
makes its use possible, but which actual-
lized the enormity of this waste and To make lip a copper bath of five gallons
ly results in a decided saving in chemical
silver cyanide has been used in the large costs.
to contain the same amount of metal as-
generation or two, having displaced Copper Cyanide Chemically Pure. sary to use 21 ounces of copper carbon-
silver chloride and silver nitrate. The Chemically pure copper cyanide, test- ate. To put this in solution so as to ob-
platers of copper, brass and bronze who ting 70 per cent, copper, the balance of tain sufficient free cyanide for results it
had to deal with base metals have not 30 per cent, being pure cyanogen, is now would require about 42 ounces of sodium
given this wasteful practice the consid- at the disposal of the plater. He knows cyanide.
eration it deserved, but as the plating of that with such a chemically pure salt a Baume Scale Solution Test.
brass and copper is assuming such large solution can be made up which will con- It is time that the practical electro-
proportions, the plater has been forced tain only that which is necessary for re- plater discarded the Baume scale as a
to give this matter his attention. sults, and knowing this, the solution can any material that is
test for solutions, as
Every plater knows that no matter lie controlled with absolute certainty. As soluble in water adds to the density of
what copper salt is used in a cyanide so- tlie plateris constantly striving to better the bath and the Baume scale, therefore,
lution, it must first be converted into a liis conditions and put his plating de- does not give the plater any idea of the
copper cyanide and then cut down with partment on a sounder basis, it will only condition of his solution. With the con-
sodium cyanide to form the double so- be a matter of a comparatively short stant addition of metal salts which con-
dium copper cyanide. He has endeavor- time when this high grade metal salt will tain large proportions of inert matter,
ed to secure a chemically pure copper entirely displace the copper salts here- tlie density will rapidly increase, while
cyanide, as with such a material he tofore used in cyanide solutions. the solution may be practically void of
would introduce into his bath only the Why should a plater continue using so- metal. The plater must use chemically
active ingredients necessary for results. called copper carbonate, which contains pure materials or else discard the Baume
about 50 per cent, impurities and which scale as an index to the condition of his
*From the Bulletin published by Lewis
Institute. Chicago. must first be converted into a copper cya- bath.
(
793/
74'
]ioint, and
cannot be disputed that the
it
Question. What portion of the actual
only metal salts which answer these pur- cleaning is effected by hydrogen gas dur-
Current Density. poses are the metal cyanides. ing treatment of metal articles in an
ered
Another factor which nuist be consid-
the current density. It is a well
is
electrolytic cleaning bath containing al-
kaline solution?
known fact that a dense solution requires BRASS MELTING QUERY. Answer. The action of hydrogen is
a higher electrical pressure, as the inert HAYING few copies of your
seen a purely mechanical. It loosens the soli-
matter from the metal salts acts as a re- publication and noticing some questions dified matter from the work being treat-
tarding auent. Of course, the rapidity of and answers in same, I am taking the ed aftd floats it to the surface of the
the deposit is governed by the ampere privilege of asking' a question re some solution. The caustic metallic elements
law, which teaches us that tiie more am- metal I am having trouble with. Tliis such as potassium and sodium saponify
peres which can be carried upon a given metal (l)rass) has been put through a or reduce such matter as may be sus-
surface the more rapid will be the de- fireclay-lined gas retort with a view to ceptible to the action of these caustics.
])osit. The inert matter being eliminated obtaininu- it in large quantities, the com- The combination accounts for the splen-
by the use of the metal cyanides, the position being: copper 85, lead 10, tin 5. did efficiency of the electro-cleaning pro-
plater is able to increase the amperage We lose a lot of metal due to its stick- cess.
* *
about 25 per cent., and this enables him ing to the lining and also to its coming-
to reduce the time necessary for results, out mixed with same. Could you sus- Question. We wish a cheap method
increasing the output accordingly. He. gest a way of getting this metal free of for blackening the backgrounds of name-
therefore, is able to turn out more work slag or lining? We have put it through plates, also a brown-black finish for
in a given time without increasing his crucibles, and some of the mett.l goes to yellow brass.
tank area, which is another decided the bottom all right still the top of the;
Answer. The smoke finish, produced
economy. crucible has a verv tough and spongy by passing the plates over a fish tail gas
Neither copper carbonate nor copper material, hard to make an opening into flame or oil flame, is very good and de-
cvanide as a single factor must be taken to iiet our nu^lted metal free to pour, and cidedly cheap. Lacquer the plates with
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 25
FOUNDRY
Necessities
Foundry Liidles -FUit bottom riveterl steel bowls
provided with forged lips and vent holes. It doesn't matter whether you are in need of
Plumbago, Stoveplate Facing, Core Wash,
Core Compound, either Powder or Liquid
form, Partine, Fire Brick and Clay, Charcoal,
Riddles, Brushes, or other requisites for the
Foundry we can supply you. And what is
more your requirements will be filled
promptly, as they are in our supply house
READY FOR IMMEDIATE SHIP-
^Made
Coke or C'harco:il Basket
steel wire.
of galvanized
MENT,
The Hamilton
Facing Mill Company, Limited
HAMILTON, CANADA
/f what you want is not advertised in th is issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
26 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
a tliiii dip lacquer. A brown-black on now demand by the plating
in great rapidly, is firm and adherent, is of good
yellow brass may be obtained by clean- craft. We
have completed arrangements color and less spongy than most tin de-
ing the brass, then immersing in a clean with W. S. Barrows, of Toronto, who posits.
hot solution of potash, and directly into has experimented largely with cobalt,
a solution consisting of caustic potash, whereby we will be able to publish an
Question. Would potassium nitrate
8 07..; ])otassiuni sulphurette, 2 oz.; and account of his work and the formulas be beneficial to a double sulphate nickel
water, 1 gal. If one immersion does not used next issue. The material may be solution, or would sodium nitrate be pre-
give results, add a few drops of liquid obtained from W. W. Wells, Toronto. ferable ?
ammonia.
* *
The metal is at present more expensive
Answer. Avoid using nitrates of
than nickel, but as the demand increases sodium, potassium or any other nitrate
Question. Owing* to tlic present high the price Avill naturally be reduced. in a nickel solution. Deposits from
price of pure copper, we desire to econ-
nickel solutions containing nitrates are
omize a little. Could ingot copper or dark and liable to peel. Successful com-
copper wire be used as anodes without
Question. Can
you furnish a formula
mercial nickel plating became a possi-
for black nickel solution which does not
i:)roducing future difficulties in plating? bility only after nitrates were eliminated
contain zinc or arsenic? We wish a good
Answer. Copper ingots may be used
lustrous black.
from the salts, etc.
as anodes with perfect safety. If your *
bath is large enough to accommodate the Answer. The following will give you
Question. We are nickel-plating
entire ingot an anode, then simply
as excellent results and
maintained is easily
stampings made from cold-rolled steel,
bright dij) the ingot and suspend in in good condition:
Sulphate of nickel,
but quite a large percentage of these
same manner as regular anode. Copper 5 oz.; ammonium chloride, 3 oz. sodium ;
pieces are partially defective because of
wire of reasonable size could also be bisuljiliite, 1/2 sulpho-eyanide
oz.; of
a scale which is on the steel, and which
used. The ingot copper and wire could potash, 2V2 oz. water, 1 gallon.
; Dis-
does not finish properly in the plating
be cast into convenient shaped slabs if solve the salts in a small amount of hot
bath. Can we remove this scale by any
your firm operate a brass foundry. water, then make up to required volume
inexpensive process, so that the parts
Either form would be preferable to with cold water, and add 2 oz. of 26 per
may be saved?
sheet copper.
* *
cent, ammonia to each gallon of the solu-
Operate with same current as is
Answer. Prepare a solution of am-
Question. Can
*
ber of cases. Nickel pitting is a trouble tliis solution is not equaled by either
Question. My nickel solution does
zinc or arsenic baths. not show any evidence of poor working
experienced by all platers, more or less,
condition, but the nickel deposits peel
and may be caused by several different
badly. What are tiie usual causes of
conditions of the electrolytic. The most Question. Is it possible to prepare this trouble?
prevalent source of the difficulty, how-
ever, is a solution depleted of metal, or
and
known
operate
colors
a brass
may
be produced re-
solution so that
Answer. The
information regarding
condition of your solution is very vague.
one which has not the property of sus- peatedly with a reasonable degree of cer-
Peeling frequently results when a nickel
taining a constant uniform metallic tainty?
solution becomes low in metallic
concentration in the immediate vicinity
of tlie cathode during electro deposition,
Answer. It is a practical impossi- strength owing to an excessive evolution
l)ility to make a brass solution from any of hydrogen. Two or three oz. of sul-
the result being an excess of liberated
known formula and maintain it in a phate of nickel per gallon of solution
hydrogen. To remedy this condition, use
condition that will invariably produce will usually correct the difficulty. Un-
only single nickel salts when replenish-
certain repeatedly, because the
colors clean surfaces not permit of ad-
will
ing, and to every 100 gallons of solution
copper and zinc will not deposit in the herent coatings, though only a mere film.
add 5 pounds of ammonioum chloride
same proportion as added to the solu- Over-pickeled iron or steel gives same
and 1 pound of pulverized boracic acid,
tion in the form of copper and zinc salts. results and excessive current during
which have previously been dissolved in
The presence of free cyanide and am- plating often causes deposits to peel or
one and one-half gallons of boiling
monia changes the proportion of copper crack. An excessive alkalinity or
water. Do not force the bath for a day
and zinc in the deposit. Copper, 64 per acidity of the solution is also productive
or so after making the addition. It is
cent., and zinc, 36 per cent., are the of peeling deposits.
also advisable to test the solution oc-
quantities used for yellow brass anodes,
casionally for metallic content. Do not
while 75 per cent, copper and 25 per
depend on hydrometer readings, as they
cent, zinc salts are used in the solution
Question. We
desire to produce a
invariably mislead the plater when used black non-oxidizable coating on steel
to produce yellow brass deposits.
to ascertain the metallic strength of motorcycle accessories.
working solutions.
Answer. Use a solution as follows:
Question. Kindly ])ul)lish a formula Chloride of cojDper, 1 oz.; bichloride of
Question. We
have read a great deal for a good tin plating solution? mercury, 2 oz.; chloride of bismuth, 1
of late respecting cobalt as a substitute Answer. Dissolve 1 pound caustic oz. ; liydrochloric acid, 6 oz. ; denatured
for nickel for electro-plating purposes, soda in 1 gallon of water, then add 1/4 alcohol, 5 oz. water, 1 gallon. Operate
;
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 27
FOUNDRY SHOVELS
that will fulfil every requirement.
W. W. WELLS, Toronto
Nickel Send us a trial ortler.
mm
and Special Blocks and
Gas Producer J
// ivhat you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Biujei-s' Pi rectory ul tliM h'uL.
28
r: ^
Ul l-ilL>^^r
<
Lindsay, Ont.
Arrangements are be- the month of June, with comparisons,
Canadian Trade. The possibilities of
ing made at John McCrae's foundry to was as follows: increased trade between Russia and Can-
install machinery for making shells. 1915, tons. 1914, tons. ada are now being seriously considered.
Toronto, Ont. Dominion Wheel and
Pisi-
Steel
iron
ingots
22,552
28,680
21,111
26,629
Until a short time ago Canada did no
business direct with Russia. In 1913,
Foundry Co. will build a one-storey
Rails 13,044 16.998 out of our $2,145,000 of exports to Rus-
frame and galvanized addition to their
foundry, 131 Eastern Avenue, to
Rods 6,435 1,981 sia no less than $2,017,000 passed
cost
Bars 797 2,347 through the United States. Similarly
$5,000.
Wire and wire pro- Russian products were brought to Can-
D. R. Hanna has retired from the ducts 3.167 1,541 ada in foreign ships. Now the Canadian
firm of M. A. Hanna & Co., Cleveland, Coal mined 481,820 485,449 Pacific Railway are establishing a line
Ohio, sales agents for "Victoria" pig of steamers between Vancouver and
iron produced at Port Colborne, Ont. Mr.
N.S.-At a Board of Control
Halifax,
Vladivostock, and it is expected that an
Hanna was admitted to the firm in 1891. meeting on June 30, the directors of the
increased and direct trade will l)e built
Xova Scotia Car Works, Ltd., asked the
A. W. Mace has resigned his position city for an additional $125,000, as fur-
up between the two countries.
with the Factory Products, Ltd., To- tlier capital is declared by directors to The Canadian Car & Foundry Co.,
ronto, Ont., temporarily, to give assist- be absolutely required to successfully Montreal, lias received an order from the
ance in the war munitions department carry on its business. The city original- Railway Executive Committee of the
of the United States Steel Products Co., ly advanced $125,000 and a portion of British War Office for 1,200 four-wheel,
New York City. this loan has been paid off by instal- continental type, 22-ton, steel frame box
Windsor, Ont. The City Council are ments. The additional amount asked for cars. The value of the order was placed
in the market for a quantity of cast iron will bring the company's liability to the at $1,200,000 by W. W. Butler, senior
pipe and specials, geared valves, fire city up to $250,000. and the amount will vice-president, who states that the cars
hydrants, pig lead and valve boxes. W. be secured by mortgage in same manner will be manufactured at the company's
A. Hanrahan is secretary of the Water as previous advance. local Manufacturing operations
plants.
Commission. Customs Receipts Show Increase. will be started immediately. Mr. Butler
For the first time in a considerable explained tliat the cars were to be used
J. C. Rockwell, manager of the Lunen-
period. Customs receipts for the month
in connection with military operations of
burg Foundry Co., Lunenburu'. N.S., died
just closed, June, show an increase over
the British army in northern France.
at that place on June 29. Mr. Rockwell,
the same period last year.
The specifications of the equipment con-
who was born in Cornwallis, N.S., 50 This is an
foi-med in every respect to the standards
years ago, had been manager of the indication that the new war taxes are
beginning to take effect. of the French railways.
Lunenburg Foundry Co. since 1899. Customs re-
Douglas J. Peake, until recently with
ceipts for .June were $7,315,638.74, as Canadian Car Co. Shell Contract.
compared with $7,274,763.32 in June, It understood that the loading of
is
the United States Cast Iron Pipe &
1914, an increase of $40,875.42. For the shrapnel and high explosive shells by
Foundry Co., Burlington, N.J., has been
three months ending June 30 the total the Canadian Car & Foundry Co. in its
appointed foundry engineer and assist-
Customs receipts were $20,907,939.88, or $83,000,000 contract with the Russian
ant to the general superintendent of
$772,530.66 less than during the corres- Government was not included in the or-
foundries of the Canada Iron Corpora-
ponding period last year. iginal contract, but that it was arranged
tion. Two years ago, Mr. Peake was
Herbert M. Ewan has resigned from for later at the request of the Russian
connected with the Three Rivers, Que.,
the position of sales manager of the Can- Government. Construction of the fac-
plant of the latter concern.
adian SteelFoundries, Ltd., Montreal, tory for assembling and loading of the
Calgary, Alta. One
of the largest in- and Taylor & Arn-
will join the firm of shells near Lyndhurst, N.J., is not expect-
dustrial mergers of recent years in the ed to be completed for about a month.
old, Ltd., dealers in railway supplies and
West was consummated on June 10, locomotive specialties, Montreal and No exports of shells by the Canadian
with the merging of the Western Foun- Car Co. are looked for before the early
Winnipeg, as vice-president; the change
dry and Metal Co., Ltd., and the Can- part of August, although shipments of
to take effect on July 1. Mr. Ewan
adian Equipment and Supply Co., both who was born in Montreal, has been con- parts to assembling points by American
of Calgary, and the International Sup- nected with the Montreal Steel Works manufacturers to whom the contract
ply Co., Ltd., of Medicine Hat, into the and Canadian Steel Foundries for over was sub-let will be well under way be-
Canadian Western Foundry and Supply eleven years, latterly in the capacity of fore then.
Co., Ltd., capitalized at $1,000,000, with
head offices in this city.
sales manager. He has had considerable Large Equipment Orders. Further
experience in England and the United equipment orders liave been placed re-
Dominion Steel Production. The Do- States as well as in Canada of the steel cently. The Federal Government has or-
minion Steel Corporation production for and railway supply business. dered 15 locomotives, to cost $22,000
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 29
each, from the Canadian Locomotive Co. nace for mines, smelters, refiners, etc.
of Kingston. An order has also been Among those described are the double
placed for 1,000 box cars for the Na-
tional Transcontinental Railway. This
chamber, tilting, non-tilting and pit fur-
naces. Other descriptive matter deals
Monarch
contract has been placed among three
concerns the Canadian Car and Foun-
dry Co., the National Steel Car Co., and
with muffle furnaces, cyanide ovens,
blowers, fuel oil burners, etc. A num-
ber of tables give the principal sizes and
"Acme"
Nova Scotia Car Co. The Canadian general information covering the various
the
Locomotive Co. is already working on a
Russian Government order for 50 loco-
types, all of which are illustrated.
Centrifugal Compressors for blast
Core Ovens
motives, while the Eastern Car Co. has iHriiaces, is the title of bulletin No.
an order for 2,000 cars also from the 48601, just off the press, and being dis-
Russian Government. Canadian Car & tributed by the Canadian Genei^l Elec-
Foundry Co. have a Dominion Govern- tric Co., Toronto. The advantages claim-
ment order for 600 standard freight cars ed for this type of blower over the reci-
for the Intercolonial Railway. l)rocating blowing engine are described
in and the illustrations give a
detail
general idea of the design. These latter
Catalogues are supplemented by a description of
Arc Welding Apparatus is the subject the compressor including, of course, its
of Bulletin No. 48,905 being distributed principal features and method of opera-
by the Canadian General Electric Co., tion.
Toronto, Ont. The bulletin, which de- @ ___
scribes fully both stationary and port-
AETNA EXPLOSIVES.
able outfits relative to construction and
ALMOST coincident with the New York
operation, is fully illustrated, and in-
ieport that the Canadian Car & Foundry
cludes diagrams, with a table giving the
Co. had placed an order with the Aetna
principal dimensions.
Explosives Co. amounting to about $6,-
Power Transmission Appliances. The 000,000,comes the announcement from
new "Oneida" line of power transmis- Sydney, C.B., that the explosives com-
sion appliances is dealt with in bulletin pany was planning to establish a new in- CUT THE COST OF
03, issued by the Oneida Steel Pulley Co.,
Oneida, N.Y. The principal lines de-
dustry at that place. The details are to
the effect that the project has just been
BAKING AND DRY-
scribed include drop and post hangers, organized in New York, and that letters ING CORES.
pillow blocks, couplings, etc. Their prin- patent have been granted at Ottawa. BEST AX'D STIRjONiGEST CORE
cipal features are dealt with in detail This is just another instance of the OVE.X F.VER OFFERED) "Acme'
overhe:i(l trolley or "Arundel" drop
and price lists give the code words and widespread effect of the shell-making in- (li.wu front.
other useful information for the various dustry in Canada, and there would ap- Shelves give full space and are
easy to get to.
sizes of each appliance. The bulletin is pear to be every reason to expect that it Direct pull to front: easy roller
fully illustrated. would be good business for the Aetna Co., l)earings; double trolley. No jarring
for delicate cores.
Monarch Furnaces. A catalogue be-
after getting an order amounting to $6,-
000,000, to establish a plant at a point
Made from sheet steel and l)lock
asbestos under the supervision of
ing distributed by the Monarch En- expert.s from start to finish.
gineering & Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Mo.,
where the business could be expeditious- IP YOU WUSH TO HEAR WHAT
ly handled. If Canadian Car & Foundry USERS HAVE TO SAY WE'LL
features at length several types of fur- GLADLY AND PROMPTLY PUT
Co. is going to load shells at Sydney, it YOU IN TOUCH WITH THEM.
would certainly be reasonable that the Ask for Catalog C.M.1915.
ex))losives be made close at hand.
Furnitc8. Ladle Stoppers, Ladle Nozzles, Ramming Plates and Machine*. Steel Bars, all kinds.
Hamilton Fnelni Mill Co., Ltd.. and Sleeves (Graphite). Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd., Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.8.
Hunilton, Ont. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. .Montreal. Northern Crane Works, WalkerrUle,
Hawley Dawn Draft E^^mace Co., Seidel, R. B., Philadelphia. Stevens, F. Detroit, Mich.
B., Ont.
Eaaton, Pa. McCulIoch-Dalzell Crucible Company, Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co.,
Monarch Eng. &
Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Pittsburg, Pa. Ltd.,
Toronto.
J. W. Paison Co., PhiladelphU, Pa. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Retorts. J. W, Paxson Co., Philadelphia. Pa.
StCTene, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Jonathan Bartley Crucible Co., Tren- Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Wliiting Foundry Equipment Co., ton, N.J. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Harrey, Melting: Pots.
111. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co..
^^ebster & 3on, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Riddles. Harvey, Ul.
Hamilton, Ont.
Furnaces, Brass. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Talc.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Hamilton, Ont.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. J. W. PaxsonCo., Philadelphia, Pi. Hamilton Facing Mill
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Co., Ltd.,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Hamilton, Ont.
Hamilton, Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Down Furnace E. Woodison Co., Toronto.
J.
Hawley Draft Co.,
J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa,
Easton, Pa. Metallurgists.
&
Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Rosin. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Monarch Eng. Canadian Laboratories, Toronto.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Charles C. Kawin Co., Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Taps,
Frankel Bros., Toronto.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Toronto Testing Laboratories, Toronto. Rouge.
Harvey, 111.
Geometric Tool Co., New Haven,
W. W. Wells, Toronto. Conn.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Millville Gravel.
Sand Blast Machinery. Teeming Crucibles and Funnel*.
GOKEles. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Tilghman-Brooksbanlt Sand Blast Co., Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi- McCulloch-Dalzell Crucible Company,
cago, 111. Pittsburg, Pa.
Philadelphia, Pa, Mixers. Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd.
Graphite Products. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Montreal. Threading Machine*.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg,
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ont.
Hamilton, Ont.
Geometric Tool Co., New Haven,
Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. Conn.
Jonathan Bartley Crucible Co., Tren- Molders' Tools. Louis, Mo.
ton, N.J. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Track, Overhead.
McCulloch-Dalzell Crucible Company, Wm. Dobson, Canastota, N.Y. Hamilton, Ont.
Pittsbui-g, Pa. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Panglxim Corporation, Hagerstown, Northern Crane Works, WilkervtU*.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Md. Ont.
Hamilton, Ont. Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co., Herbert Mortis Crane & Hoiit O*.,
Grinders, Disc, Bench, SwiDg. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Philadelphia, Pa. Ltd., Toronto.
Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Ont. Molding: Machines.
Stevens F. Detroit, Mich.
H.. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal,
Perfect Machinery Co., Gait, Ont Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Harvey, 111.
Grinders, Cliaser or Die. Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., of Sand Blast Rolling Barrels.
Canada, Toronto. Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown, Tripoli.
Geometric Tool Co., New Haven, Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Md.
Conn. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co.. W. W. Wells, Toronto.
Hamilton, Ont. Philadelphia. Pa.
Helmets. Stevens. F. B Detroit, Mich. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T. Trolleys and Trolley Systems.
Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co.. Midland Machine Co., Detroit.
Philadelphia, Pa. Tabor Mfg. Co,, Philadelphia. Sand Blast Devices. Can. Fairbanks-Morse Co., Montie*!.
Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi- Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St.
Hoisting; and ConTeyinf Molding Sand. cago, 111.
Louis, Mo.
Machinery. Hamj.ton Facing Mill Co., LM., Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg. HamUtou Facing Mill Co., Ltd,,
Panjrbom Hamilton, Ont.
Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co., Hamilton, Ont. Corporation, HagerstowQ,
Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Wolkar-
Ltd., Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, fa. Md.
Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co., ville, Ont.
Northern Crane Works, Walkerville. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Philadelphia, Pa. J. W. Paxson Co,, Philadelphia, Pa,
A. R. Williams Machy. Co., Toronto. Whitehead Bros. Co.. Buffalo. N.T.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Sand Molding. Whiting Foundry
Harvey, 111.
Equipment Co.,
Molding: Sifters. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Harvey, HI.
Hamilton Facing Co., Ltd.,
Hoists, Electric, Pneumatic. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton, Ont.
Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T.
Trucks, Dryer and Factory.
A. R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Canadian IngersoU-Rand Co., Ltd.. Stevens, F. Detroit. Mich.
B., Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd,,
Montreal. Ovens for Core-baking: and Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton, Ont.
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., of Drying. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia,
Canada, Toronto.
Sand Sifters. Pa.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Harvey, 111. Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co.,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Louis, Mo. Ltd., Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co., Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Montreal. Harvey, 111.
TorontOi
Ltd., Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Northern Crane Works, Walkerville. Oil and Gas Furnaces. Hamilton, Ont.
W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Tumblers.
B. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. J.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto.
Harvey, III. Hamilton, Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. -Mon.irch Eng. &
Mfg. Co., Baltlmo.e. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co..
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Harvey,
Stevens. F. B., Detroit, Mich.
111. Turntables.
Hoists, Hand, Trolley.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Sand Shakers. H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Northern Crane Works, Walkerville
Northern Crane Works, Walkerville.
Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi-
cago, J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, P*.
Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co.. Patterns, Metal and Wood. 111.
Stevens F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Ltd., Toronto. Limited, Toronto. Saws, Hack. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montraal.
Whiting Found 17 Equipment Co., Guelph Pattern Works, Quelph, Ont. Machine Whiting Foimdry
Harvey,
Ford-Smith Co., Hamilton, Equipment Co.,
111. F. W. Qninn, Hamilton, Ont. Ont. Harvey, 111.
Wells Pattern & Machine Works, Separators. Moisture, Oil
Hose and Couplings. Vent Wax.
Can. Niagara Device Co., BridgeburK,
and Sand.
Pattern Shop Fquipment. Panjjbom Corporation, Hagerstown, H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Ont.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Md. United Compound Co., Buffalo, N,I.
Ing^ot Metals.
Hamilton Pattern Works, Hamilton. Sieves. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Hamilton Facing Mill Oo., Ltd,
Frankel Bros., Toronto. Hamilton, Ont, Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Vibrators.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Iron Cements. F. W. Qulnn, Hamilton, Ont. Silica Wash. Berkshire Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. O,
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Stevens, F, B., Detroit, Mich.
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd.,
Webster &
Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Montreal.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Small Angles.
Smooth-On Mfg. Co., Jersey City. Pig Iron. Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N,S. Wall Channel*.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Soapstone.
Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.8. Dom. Iron ft Steel Co., Sydney, M.S.
Frankel Bros., Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Iron Filler. Hamilton, Ont. Welding and Cutting,
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Phosphorizers. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, Metals Welding Co., Cleveland, O.
J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. McCulloch-Dalzell Crucible Company, Special Machinery.
Smooth-On Mfg. Co., Jersey City. Pittsburg, Pa. Wells Pattern & Machine Worln, Wheels, Polishing, Abrasive.
Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T. Limited, Toronto.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamlltom,
Ladles, Foundry. Sprue Cutters. Ont.
Plumbago. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Webster &. Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
H. S. Carter &
Co., Toronto. Hamilton, Ont. Hamilton, Ont.
J. W. PaxsonCo., Philadelphia, Pa. J. W. Paxson
Co., Philadelphia. Pa. Stevens, F.
Detroit, Mich.
B.,
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd. Stevens, F. B,, Detroit. Mich. United Comi>ound Co., Buffalo, N.T.
Hamilton, Ont. F. B. Shuster Co., New Haven, Cons.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Northern Crane Works, Walkerville,
Ont. Webster &
Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Monarch Eng. &
Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Plating and Polishing Supplies. Wire Wheels.
J. W. PaxBon Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Squeezers, Power.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, MIeh.
Stevens. F. B., Detroit, Mich. Davenport Machine & Foundry Co., Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Pnerfmatic Paint Spray. Iowa.
Harvey, Ul. Hamilton, Ont.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., I/td.,
Webster & Sons. Ltd., MontreaL
Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg, Hamilton, Ont.
Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. W. W. Wells, Toronto.
L,adle Heaters.
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co., Wire, Wire Rod* and NaU*.
Eaaton, Pa. Polishing Wheels. Steel Rails.
Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.S. Dom. Iron ft Steel Co., Sydney, N,S.
. 1
32 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
i:^///////////////^////^^^^^
^
ADVERTISING INDE X
Bailey & Son, R 27 Kawin Co., Charles C Robeson Process Co.. Inside Back Cover
Bartley Crucible Co 4 Inside Front Cover
Seidel, R. B Inside Back Cover
Berkshire Mfo:. Co
2 Lundy Shovel & Tool Co 27
Brown Specialty Machinery Co. ... Tabor Manufacturing Co 5
Canada Niagara Device Co 27 Manufacturers Brush Co 32 Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co.
McCullough-Dalzell Crucible Co. ... 29 Inside Back Cover
Davenport Machine & Foundry Co. 4 McLain 's System 2 Toronto Testing Laboratories, Ltd. . 29
Dominion Iron & Steel Co 6 Midland Machine Co 32
Dobson, Wm 29 Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co 29 United Compound Co. Inside Back Cover
Gautier, J. H., & Co 5
Northern Crane Works 27
Webster & Sons, Ltd
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd. 25 Outside Back Cover
W W
. .
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co. . 32 Pa.xson Co., J. Front Cover Wells, W. 27
; ; :
iiiiiiiiiiiniiiii^iiiiiiiui I
PATTERN WAX
VENT WAX
SEND FOR FREE SAMPLE NOW!
PROMPT DELIVERIES.
CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.
;^iiMln
The Standard of Quality
for
OVER 60 YEARS
Our Sands are all loaded from our own properties by men who
have had years of experience in this work. Each grade is care-
fully selected for your particular line of work. These are two
^^::. reasons why so many particular foundrymen specify our pro-
.^Vr>,..
ducts.
Come out of
the dark!
Your foundry can be put on
a better paying basis by
KAWIN
SERVICE
We take all the Chances
You take the Profits
Our proposition to you ciiiinot be ri'snrdcd as a Kiiii'c of
chanco.
It costs you absolutely nothing to try your luck with us,
and you are assured bountiful returns for your troulde.
For instance :
)ni'
( day we received a conmuinication from owners of a
certain foundry stating that, tired of seeing our advertisements
niid reading our ehilnis, they hart decided to "call our bluff."
In other words they told us to "go to it," seeing that it
would cost them nothing if we failed.
However.
We Went ! We Saw
We Conquered !
'^^Ift^lfr^lfl^l.T^iVr^lJT^lTT^IJy^lg^^l^^lfe^lii^lfr^lJ^Mii^^
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
Berkshire
Vibrator
There is only
one vibrator the
Berkshire
We are pioneers in
the manufacture
of vibrators. We
make the castings
for our vibrators
from a special
mixture that is
ished to within
1-5000 of accur-
acy.
Berkshire Air
Squeezer
Hundreds of these machines are in
use in the Ford, Cadillac, Overland,
Packard, Studebaker and Buick plants.
If what you want is not advertised in tJiis issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
I I \!y iJX..i,.V"i:
"If there are still extant men who ask the question, 'Does it pay to
advertise 'r I know their thinking is of the kind which would lead them
to light factories with candles and insist upon the advantages which would
accrue if the residents of modern cities still drew their water supply by
bucket from the town well.
"When nations in the greatest struggle of liistorv advertise for armies; when kings
and emperors and suUans come down from tlieir thrones to seek the attention of tlie world
and present their pleas and defenses through the press; when it has hecome the daily
l)read of a large part of the world's husiness, it is indeed a man of limited mentality who
still(juestions the jiower of puhlieity. Its value to society ha< in fact so impressed itself
that to-day pul)licity is the light of the world. It may he said, with little element of
speculation in the assertion, that if pul)licity had characterized dealings hetween the na-
tions of Europe during the last fifty years, and secret di])lomacy had heen eliminated, the
present world war, with its terrorism aiid threat to all civilization, would not now be
raging.
"The power hy which hundreds of thousands of minds, yes. millions of minds, may
be turned to consideration of the same thing at the same time is a wonderfully useful
infiuence. Whether that power is employed to make millions think of the policies of
the goveirnment or the homely comforts and economies affecting their daily lives, the
underlying value of this power is the same; the advantages to he gained from its use
are identical.
"It is often contended tliat you cannot advertise successfully when business is bad,
bvitthe extent to which confidence may be restored and enthusiasm reawakened by enter-
prising advertisers under adverse conditions was demonstrated again and in remarkable
ways during the period of uncertainty which prevailed in our own country immediately
after the first of last August. Once more it has heen shown that the public demand for
connnodities always exi.-*ts in greater or less degi'ee. It is simply a question of brains
and ingenuity in securing response under conditions a little harder than usual."
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
143-153 UNIVERSITY AVE. . TORONTO, ONTARIO
.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Brown Specialty
McLAIN'S SYSTEM, 703 Goldsmith Bid?.
Machinery Co. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
If what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
POWER SQUEEZERS
Increase your Ca- Made in three designs
pacity at a lower
and sizes P o r t a b e 1
Crucibles of Quality
Tilting Furnace
UNIFORM CRUCIBLES
Our Specialty.
Service and Durability
Ensures Economy.
Catalogue on request
The advertis-er would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
CAN A D I ;V N FOUNDRY M A N
THE STANDARD
tim ipwwfc
IN
TABOR
WUMBAti^r^S/ Co.
PATTERN-MAKING
WILLARD By G. H.
With Additional Chapters on
Two Significant Core-Making and Molding:
Opinions
"I think the book Is
: "WRITTEN SO YOU CAN
UNDERSTAND IT."
Jarring Squeezing
the best I ever saw for A book for the man who does the work.
the p r i c e." Edwin
Sluyter, iC o n struction
E n g i neer,
Adding
Burroughs
Machine Co.,
Written by a practical patternmaker of
many
down
years' experience. Gets right
to business in the first chapter
and keeps it up throughout the Ixwk.
Molding Machines
Full of kinks and actual working infor-
Detroit.
mation. Profusely illustrated.
"I consider this is a
valuable
should be
book
in the
and
hands
Chapter Headings Many patterns too deep to be mold-
of all men
this line of
engaged in
business."
Pattern-Making as a Trade. II. The
Tools. III.
1.
Woods. IV. Joints. V.
ed on a plain squeezer can be made
E. W. Clarke, Wilming- Turning. VI. Turning (Continued). VII.
ton Malleable Iron Co., Turning (Continued). VIII. Turning to advantage on this machine.
Wilmington, Delaware. (Concluded). IX. The Circular Saw.
X. The Circular Saw (Continued). XI.
Machine Tools. XII. Machine Tools
234 Pages. 312 Illustrations. (Continued). XIII. Sunple Patterns.
XIV. Simple Patterns (Continued). XV.
It is also especially suited to work
Cloth Cover.
Simple Patterns (Concluded).
Crooked Patterns. XVII. Large Pattern
XVI.
having small pockets that would
Work. XVIII. Carge Pattern Work
(Continued). XIX. Crosshead Guide
Patterns. XX. Sweep Work. XXI. require tucking if made on a plain
Pipe Work. XXII. Stove Pattern
Work. XXIII. Molding Machine Work. squeezer.
XXIV. Molding Pattern Work.
1 P2^tfearix. Molding.
Core-Making
Part II. and
:M5.kiivg Bulletin M.-J.-R. sent free on
I i
Chapter Core-Making, Simple and
"4
; .; 11 lust rested CompIe.T.
I.
Principles in Molding.
III.
II.
Loam Patterns and Loam Molds. request.
Everyone following this trade, or intend-
ing to learn it, should have a copy of
this valuable book.
Price $1.10 Postpaid.
The
Technical Book Department
The MacLean Publishing
Company, Limited
Tabor Manufacturing Co.
143-153 University Ave., Toronto PHILADELPHIA, PA.. U.S.A.
7/ what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN F UNPRY :\I AN
!?:*
The Foundry
and Machine Exhibition
THE TIME: SEPT. 25th TO OCT. ist, 1915
THE PLACE: ATLANTIC CITY
Tho Founilry and Mat-hiue Exhibit on Young's Send your General Manager, your General Superin-
Million Dollar Pier will be the greatest display of tendent, your Purchasing Agent and Shop Fore-
labor-saving machinery and plant equipment ever men.
staged in the workl's history. Jt will iTiake them the best posted men in your
industry and give them ideas that will be of tre-
It enable you at one time and place to see
will mendous value to you.
in operation the best machines and labor-saving
There '11 not be a dull moment, because our enter-
devices of the day so that your own eyes, and tainment committee has provided an endless round
not a salesman 's enthusiasm or a catalog story, of gayety.
win be your guide. REMEMBER
THIS A week spent in Atlantic
You will meetthe aisles and in the exhibits
in City at this time can be made the most profitable
captains of industry, who, like yourself, are attend-
one of the whole year for you.
ing for the purjjose of studying, comparing and
Think about it Talk about itThen Come.
choosing plant equipment and supplies. Let us make vour hotel reservation now.
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
; : .
\ ;; A ;> ;
.': :< . U:n DRYMAN
IM PROVED gJII
G-LUTRIN
RE. U 8. P*T. CFF
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
" WABAN A
MACHINE CAST PIG IRON
"
SALES OFFICES :
Sydney, N.S.; 1 12 St. James St.. Montreal: 18 Wellington St. E.. Toronto.
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
The Successful Production of Large Steel Castings
Staff Article
show that Canada is maintaining a satisfactory position in the production of large steel cast-
ings, such as are required to meet the most exacting conditions both in size and quality.
THE difficulties
castings
increase very
of making
rapidly
steel plus a square, the side of which is equal
to the radius of the cylinder. This is
half of the flask or cope, as
is made same manner as the drag.
in the
it is called,
after the weight and size pass a done in order to give a bearing to the The flask with contained mould is
certain limit. Extra heavy castings flask on the floor. In the corner of this lifted by a crane and carried across to an
such as are described in this article call square is also placed the riser or aper- oven car, on which it is subjected to a
for more than ordinary shop equipment, ture through which the metal rises and
special shipping facilities and very of- enables the operator to tell when the '^^^
ten great ingenuity on the part of the mould is filled, it being impossible to Canadian Stcell rouNORics.UMiTEo.
foundry staff. detect same through the filling gate. MONTREAL.
Castings such as are described in this Specially Prepared Sand. lhe/olhwn dimemions
Please Jurniih on ni/h
article are being continually produced at
/^ emaec/itm fo
rour O/iot/i y
the plant of The Canadian Steel Foun- The next consideration
is the sand. It mr OMf/T/)f!
dries, Longue Pointe, Montreal. Fig. 1 is not to our purpose to enter into an
shows a large east steel roughing roll analysis of the sand, so called, which
of about eight tons and similar to those consists of a mixture of special earth,
used in the largest steel mills. Let us gluten, fire clay, molasses, and other
ingredients, furthermore than to say
follow the different stages of manufac-
that the object sought after is to obtain
ture through which this piece passes
beginning at the pattern shop, the vari- a homogeneous and compact mass in the
ous processes encountered in the foun- mould. Each foundry has its own prac-
-J/Sr/1^
dry, until it leaves the finishing lathe tice which amounts almost to a trade
secret. The prepared sand is then yaw nmnfo Oinim/oM o/uy.
and is ready for shipment.
shovelled into the lower half of the flask OuTiwc Di/iriCTm
Moulding a Large Roll.
and we now come to the most important Fi^u
For a more ready understanding of part of the operation, that is, the form- BOff[
TOOTH Pitch .
the method of forming the mould it is ing of the mould proper. For the fash-
Number orrccTH^ffi'
better to give first a description of the ioning of the shape of the roll in the Ptch PIi^MCTER
flask. sand no pattern is used instead a long; NuMSEif or 1^/m.i
In this case the latter consists of two one inch board, shaped out very much IM6TH or /iUB
halves of a cylinder made of cast steel, like a ratchet, is employed. There are lYfOmAOfr=TH or Hty/}y.
r)f//Vf/?liO
two inch wall thickness, reinforced by two hinges on this board, which swings /rer^fi/fxi
circumferential flanges and longitudinal on a horizontal shaft, which has its bear-
ribs of the same dimension. Each half ing at either end of the flask. This board, FIG REQUIRE FOR
2. PARTICULiARiS
MACHINE MOULDED GEARS.
of the flask is built up in short sections commonly called a sweep, is revolved on
bolted together which make them adapt- its axis in the sand, the teeth on the
able to the making of long or short rolls board forming the ridges on the roll and surface treatment before it is baked.
as the occasion demands. On one end the spaces between the teeth giving This treatment consists in painting the
of each half is bolted a semi-circular shape to the hollowed out sections on the mould with a heavy solution of molasses
and water. The two halves are then
placed in the oven for a thorough baking.
y ip
The resultant mould must be much hard-
W0^
"
" -Jfc.
w -
k
//
er and more solid than for cast iron. The
time taken for the baking process is
twelve hours, after which twenty-four
hours are allowed for cooling off.
n g
e
metal,
p o u r i
causes a
hole ; this uniform liq-
plug is con- uid pres-
nected to a s u r e to
rod which be exerted
runs through full length
the molten of the east-
metal, and ^ ing and
is insulated FIG. 3. .MACIIIM-; MOI I.DKli (iKAKS. tends to
from the c u nteract
latterby means of fire-brick discs. The ladle. The life of a graphite plug is con- fhf. pontrn-^ti'in of the metal while set-
opening and closing is operated by means siderable, one lastinu' sometimes for a ting. This extra metal is technically
of a lever attached to the side of the week. The mnuhl is now poured by one known as the crop and runs about 40 per
cent, of the
total weight
of the cast-
ing.
The casting
is allowed to
remain 24
hours in the
mould, after
which it is
removed t o
the anneal-
ing oven.
The latter is
a long shal-
low pit, tem-
p o r a r i 1 y
arched over
with brick-
work during
heats. The
rolls are here
subjected to
a tempera-
ture of 900'
F. for about
12 h o u r s.
They are
then allowed
24 hours in
which to cool
off. This an-
time removing the cliill strains set up by steel gears without the necessity of ex- quired. The tootli-block usually con-
unequal rates of cooling'. In Fig. 1 it will pensive patterns. This is a fact that is tains two teetii of the same pitch and
be noticed that the ends of the roll just not as widely known to the manufac- dimensions as those on the gear to be
outside the bearings are grooved; there turer as it might be, and one that will moulded. Sometimes more than two
are three of these circular slots on each often obviate the necessity of a long and teeth are used, but as the time is mostly
end, their purpose being to engage witli tiresome shut-down. The only informa- taken up in the ramming and scarcely
three internal teeth of a short sleeve, and tion required is such as is specified on any in drawing the tooth-block and re-
act as a flexible coupling or universal the form shown in Fig. 2.To such per- volving the machine, it is not of any
joint. The wobbler is moulded only on fection has tile machine moulding gear material advantage to employ more than
one end, and has to be machined on the machine been brought that very often a two teetli. Moreover, when using a
other after the riser or crop, spoken of gear can be made and shipped before a block of two teeth only, a slight altera-
above, lias been cut off. The cutting off pattern could be comj^leted. tion in the diameter of the gear can be
process is rapidly performed by means Fig. 3 shows a few gears made by the made, since the "tooth space" only is
of the oxy-acet\'lene blow torch. The machine-moulding process, and Fig. 4 used, so that the same block can be em-
roll is finally turned down to size on a shows the method of moulding. When ployed to make a pitch full or bare,
lathe, and is ready for use. sufficient care is exei'cised in mak- wiiich is decidedly convenient in jobbing
Machine-Moulded Gears. ing up the tooth block, the gears and repair work. Gears can also be
In the past few years there have been will be found to be remarkably true made having one or two teeth, more or
great strides made in the moulding of and niachiniu'.:' will not be re- less, than the number in the gear for
-
steelspider intended for high speed, tions, together with a most practical ar- haste and waste go on, and every day
heavy duty, electrical equipment, which ticle on how to lessen fire dangers. comparatively young men and women
must necessarily be free from defects of There are also helpful suggestions re^ let slip from their hands all that is use-
all kinds. An idea of the size of the garding ventilation and general sanita- ful and happ.y in life. Their grasp has
spider may be gained by comparing the tion, guarding of machinery, child labor, grown weak and nothing can be held
bore (in which one of the men is rest- seats for females in shops, and wearing longer. All due to the daily rush of eat-
ing) with the height. It is 16 ft. 6 in. of girls' hair in mills and factories. Re- ing, of working, of walking everything
diameter, with a 42-in. face, and weighs sults are also given of the inspection of done hastily, with only a thought for
37,930 lbs. There is a clearance of just bake shops, canning factories and evap- saving an hour or two. Think it over!
six inches between the bottom of the orators. Special emphasis is placed upon Dodge Idea.
spider and the railroad track. Note the eye protection in certain occupations. In
clearly-defined bolt bosses and clean out- fact "safety first" is urged upon every
lines of arras and rim. The formins' of nossible occasion. A mo?t suggestive ABOUT SEVERAL THINGS.
By N. Edwards.
NEW FACTORY
the holes shown in the photograph.
INSPECTION REGU-
the working out of the speed mania.
Rights of others are forgotten, personal
safety seems naught, just crowd, push
are continually "cursing their luck,"
and when some student mechanic suc-
ceeds where they failed, they are always
LATIONS. and get ahead. Strange to say, however, ready to credit his advance to "pull"
THE twenty-seventh annual report of we do not get ahead as quickly as we or "'fool luck."
the Factories Inspection Branch of the would we were to move in a more
if At the present time neither "fool
Ontario Department of Agriculture has manner.
leisurely luck" nor "pull" will advance engineers
been issued. It shows that 10.059 in- Haste makes waste, and waste is ex- or mechanics. Ability, assisted by per-
spections of factories and shops were pensive in the extreme. Some persons severance, determination, mechanical,"
made during the year in 410 cities, towns are too busy to attend to that which in- technical and practical knowledge is
and villages. The number of accidents sures themselves good health. They ex- what counts. The words look big, but
reported are 1,270 of which 52 were pect to mend a broken auto tire hastily every man who tries can make some
fatal. and with no skill. progress forward and upward.
CANADIAN FO I' N DKY i\l AN 139
GRINDING as a means of removing over emery, it was eagerly sought after fusing the mineral bauxite to an intense
heat in the electric furnace by the arc
metal has been brought to a by the makers of grinding wheels. The
state of such perfection and ap- supply from the sources mentioned was process. Chemically, bauxite is the
plied to such a broad field of manufac- limited and uncertain, so that it did not purest form of aluminum oxide found in
ture that grinding machines excite no come into general use until the discovery nature. The best bauxite mines are those
more comment than engine lathes or in 1896 of the now well-known Canadian found in the southern part of U.S.A.,
other manufacturing tools. The great mines. Not only do their deposits con- and only the best from these mines are
advances made in the production of tain an unlimited supply of corundum, used in the manufacture of alundum.
high-speed steel have monopolized the at- but the quality is far superior to any Bauxite was considered infusible until
tention of manufacturers to so great an previously mined. It is found to con- the invention of the alundum electric
extent that the degree of perfection at- tain 90 per cent, crystalline alumina and furnace.
tained by the makers of grinding wheels will often analyse much
Sharp- higher. The furnaces used for the manufac-
has not been proportionately recognized. ness combined with just the right tem- ture of alundum are different from the
The subject of grinding has received per, has made Canadian corundum an electric furnace used for the making of
considerable attention from Mr. John ideal abrasive for most kinds of grind- carborundum. They are conical-shaped
Davey, of Glasgow, who recently read a ing. The Canadian corundum is mined pots, which stand on a car, and are heat-
paper before the Keighley Association in Eastern Ontario, the known deposits ed by two vertical electrodes, which are
of Engineers. The subject of materials covering an area of about 32 miles long gradually raised as the molten bauxite
and processes involved in the successful and 5 miles wide. fills the furnace. The bauxite, as it is
production of grinding wheels is treated prepared for the furnace, is in the form
Carborundum.
by him in a most interesting way, and of coarse gravel, that is, the bauxite as
the information conveyed is certain to
Carbolite, carborundum and crystolon
it comes from the mine is in a wet,
are different formations of the same sub-
be appreciated by many users of abrasive clayey state. It is dried by means of a
stance; i.e., carbide of silicon.
products. rotary calciner. The cylinder of this
Carborundum is distinct from any-
Abrasives: Natural anrl Artificial. machine is 60 ft. in length, and is heated
thing found in nature. It is the product
The principal natural abrasives are by two gas producers, the material being
of the electric furnace, and being under
corundum. The artificial fed in at the farthest from the fire. Plat-
emery and human control, its freedom from impuri-
abrasives becoming increasingly
are forms are erected upon which the dried
ties is assured. Carborundum is the
numerous, and include carbolite, carbor- bauxite is placed, and it is fed into the
trade name for carbide of silicon. It is
electric furnace through the top.
undum, crj'stolon, and alundum. These the crystalline formation of the elements
substances are all products of the elec- of carbon and silicon, brought about by
Alundum is very suitable for use in
tric furnace. subjecting a mixture of coke and sand
the cylindrical and surface grinding ma-
Emery. chines for grinding hardened and soft
to the inconceivable heat of 7,000 Fahr.
steel, brass, bronze, etc.; in fact, it
Emery is simply corundum with a The mixture isplaced in the electric fur-
covers the same field as corundum.
number of impurities present, which fre- nace, a fire brick structure 50 ft. long
quently accompany it in its natural by 8 ft. wide, through which is built a Three distinct ]irocesses are now widely
state. Several years ago practically all core or resistance path. Leading to the employed for binding together abrasive
grinding wheels were made from emer\ core are the carbon rods attached to a set grains to make grinding wheels. These
obtained from the vicinity of Smyrna of power electric cables. To the mixture are the vitrified, silicate and elastic, and
and Chester, Mass., U.S.A. The value of of sand and coke added a quantity of
is each produces wheels specially suited for
emery as an abrasive depends upon the sawdust which makes the mixture por- certain kinds of grinding.
proportion of crystalline alumina oxide ous, so as to allow for the free escape-
Vitrified Process.
which it contains. This is the only ele- ment of gases which are formed during
operation. When
the furnace has
More grinding wheels are made by the
ment emery which is hard enough to
in tiie
vitrified process than any other. It con-
have any appreciable cutting action on been filled the electric current is turned
sists in mixing suitable clays and fluxes
metals. on and travels along the core, generating
in certainproportions with the grains of
Corundum. a heat that really is beyond human com-
abrasive. This is generally done by the
prehension. It is a temperature at which
Pure corundum was adopted in prefer- wet process, when a large amount of
steel, marble, granite or the highest re-
ence to emery. Being harder, the grains water is added and the mixture stirred
fractory substances would not only melt,
held their sharp points longer, while the in mixing kettles, until it is quite fluid.
but would vaporize. In this tremendous
absence of impurities, which caused in- In preparing the mixture before the
heat the element of carbon and the ele-
creased friction without removing any water is added, great care is taken to get
ment of silicon fly together and form
metal, reduced the heat generated, thus the correct proportion of abrasive and
crystal masses of the most beautiful
allowing output to be increased. the different clays, and in the case of
hues. It takes 36 hours for the crystal
Corundum has been obtained in India, combination wheels, where different size
and also in the States of Georgia and
to form. At the end of 36 hours the
grains are used, the same precaution is
North Carolina, but nearly always in outer crusts of the mixture are broken
used, so that wheels can be duplicated at
small deposits of varying quality. It into, the masses removed and
crystal
any time. If an order is passed into
would contain crystalline alumina to taken to the crushing department. The the works for a wheel of a certain grit
about 77 per cent. Due to its superiority grains are then carefully washed free and grade it is made to the standard
-
ceive too much heat they will be harder Cop. S3. Steel TensiJe Strength. 80000 /is f/i ess to eso Spher/cal bi///efs, i" dia
CAN A D I A N FO I '
NDRYU N 141
material imder observation from the time Any carelessnes in this respect may al- which is given off by the flame. While
it leaves the mines to the time it is mar- low sufficient quantities of carbide to an ignorant and stubborn operator may
keted. come in contact with d^amp or moisture spurn the use of protecting glasses, the
While assurances have been given to and generate enoug'h gas to cause a effect on the sight soon makes itself felt,
the Imperial authorities and the Domin- severe explosion. Additional care and so that for self protection alone the
ion and Provincial Governments that not common sense must be exercised when adoption of glasses is a matter which
an ounce of Ontario's nickel is finding handling generator plants as compared soon adjusts itself. Recent experiments
its way into the enemy 's hands, Hon. Mr. with storage cylinders. with tinted lenses in efforts to obviate
Ferguson states that the Provincial Gov- Cleaning Out the Gas Generator. the Winding effect of automobile head-
ernment views the situation from a larg- lights, have brought about the use of
The use of an open flame light when
er standpoint and has instructed the new amber colored glass which effectually re-
cleaning out a generator is a fruitful
Commission to ascertain whether it is not moves the glare without obstructing the
source of accident. When starting to
possible to complete the refining of nic- vision so much as the ordinary smoked
clean a generator, the gas may be re-
kel ore from the mines of Ontario en- lenses do.
leased through a suitable exit. until the
tirely within the Province without hav- In addition having them of the
to
pressure gauge falls to zero. But the
ing to ship it to American refineries. most suitable the lenses should be
tint,
fact that the gauge is at zero does not
The question of the province receiving mean that there is no gas inside. It of substantial dimensions and firmly
an adequate return from its nickel de- means that the gas which is inside is secured in a strong frame. The pres-
posits is regarded as of much importance, at zero pressure, and unless that remain- ence of foreism substances may cause
and on this point the Commission will ing volume of gas has been displaced or sparks of molten metal to be thrown off
also advise the Government. allowed to pass out, so that the space the work, and occasional moisture causes
which it occupied is filled with air. it spurting of the job which should be pro-
will still be in the apparatus waiting perly guarded against.
HEALTH HAZARDS AND SAFETY for the first opportunty to ignite. When Constitutional Feature.
PRECAUTIONS. the generator has been safely opened,
any remaining water which has not been Lastly the effect of the work gener-
By J. M. W. ally may be such that occasionally a
completely drained off should be care-
particulai'ly expert operator, through
CONCERNING SEMI-STEEL. shrinkage. If the iron be cooled quick- run well and be free from spongy spots,
By "Melter." ly,the graphite carbon has not enough etc. Steel in cast iron is said to give
time to separate out, therefore the cast- greater strength which is true if the
MUCH has been said fi-om time to
time concerning- the advant-
ing is hard and there is more contrac- composition is arranged accordingly but
tion. Fluid contraction of
course is where fluid hot iron and small sectioned
ages and disadvantages to
quite another thing, as this caused by is castings are the requisite, the silicon and
be derived from the addition of
bad design or in castings where one sec- phosphorous has to be increased to such
varying proportions of steel to cast
tion solidifies before the other, the re- an extent that the strength is reduced
iron, and melting in a cupola to
produce commercial castings. Whether
maining fluid section having no molten correspondingly. We know silicon and
iron to draw from its adjacent parts phosphorus are detrimental to good cast-
this can be done beneficially depends on
with a resultant cavity or shrink hole. ings as regards their strength, machin-
local conditions involving size, shape
If, by the use of steel, the total carbon ing qualities and softness, tiierefore a
and requirements of castings. The pro-
content is lowered, fluid contraction is happy medium in the percentage of steel
duction of castings,, soft or hard, irre-
increased. Fluid contraction can be added for light castings must be found.
spective of size or service conditions are
overcome by the judicious use of chills, In very heavy work semi-steel is econo-
also factors to be considered, although
gates and risers. Shrinkage is not al- mical, as it gives a uniform fracture
these ultimately resolve themselves into
ways uniform, in fact high total carbon, which it is not possible to get with ordin-
a question of cost. Generally speaking
or low total carbon with high graphitic ary cupola iron mixtures; the ultimate
most castings require strength, so we
carbon expand before shrinkage, which strength is also high.
shall consider this variety.
expansion is due to the separation of For hydraulic work, machine bed ways
To appreciate why it is practical to gi'aphite. During subsequent shrinkage or places where wear is a factor, when
use steel in the mixture or otherwise, there may be periods when expansion superheated steam is in contact with fit-
something must be known of the factors lakes place due to the solidification of tings, for grate bars and furnace parts,
influencing the strength of cast iron and pr()S])hide eutectie (Steadite), and an- semi-steel, when used in the right chemi-
the main differences effected by the use other expansion may take place when cal proportion, is efficient. The table
of steel. As the. elastic limit is near the the iron changes from the alpha to the gives suggested analyses and propor-
point of rupture in cast iron, it is neces- gamma state which would be about 1,300 tions of steel in various mixtures.
sary to get an iron having a high ulti-
mate strength. That the elastic limit is Senioe. Si. P. % Stl
near the ultimate streng-th is demon- Loco, oylinders and piston rings 1.0 to 1.3 R .00 .50 20
Cflrliss engine oylinders 1.6 ft5 .00 .72 20
strated by the fact that it is impossible Automoliile c-.vlinrters 2-2.25 75 .07 .40 12%
H.vdraiilic press beds 1.6 80 .00 .5 30
to detect any difference other than that Gr.-ite liars and heat resisting castings 2.0 SO 40
.07 .30
the deflection is proportionate to the Auto, piston rings 1.8 .^^ .08 1.0 10
Auto, castings (fairly licavy) l.S ^0 .07 .40 20
load until just before failure.
The Strength Feature. degs. Fah. By actual measurement a HARDENING AND WELDING
Strength depends on the size and per- COPPER.
few curves have been made relative to
centage of graphite flakes, percentage of
the amount of first expansion and t(.tal AN invention is announced for a process
combined carbon, size of crystals of solid
shrinkage, the results being tabulared as of liardening and welding copper. It is
solution (iron, carbon, silicon), amount
follows: said to provide a simple, reliable, and
of oxide and impurities (sulphur, phos-
phorus, silicon and manganese).
Relat ire
Size of graphite depends on pouring % % Expan- Cnn- T/S
steel scrap Si. Mn. S. P. CC. GC. TC. sion traction Cbill sq. ins.
temperature, rate of cooling, time iron 02 2.18 .54 .162 .691 .94 2.41 3.35 IVa 28 1-16 22,S00
has been molten before being poured, 7 77 .0.'* ..50 .12 .3ftl 1.00 2.60 3.60 36 1-16 31,200
20 50 1..50 .60 .1.34 .474 .SO 2.70 3..50 9 26 % 27,000
per centage of metalloids and total car- 2.5 50 2.26 .60 .104 .526 .80 2.46 3.26 n/2 28 %
: .50 1.48 .m .14 .415 .99 2.85 3.84 4 27 % .32,766
bon. Graphite dissolves in the iron at 30 50 1..30 .55 .127 .4.54 .76 2.19 2.95 31/0 22 y* 32,S00
temperatures below the melting point
and therefore it is only the combined From my observations it was noted efficient method together with a com-
carbon on which the fusibility of cast that the expansion depends on the gra- pound, by which the metal can be quickly
iron depends. The fluidity is determined phitic carbon and the contraction on the hardened, or rapidly welded while being
by the temperature of the metal, per- amount of combined eai'bon irresjiective hardened, so as to make a strong union.
centage of oxide, percentage of phos- of the quantity of steel in the mixture. The composition is of acidified hyposul-
phorus and silicon, and the effect the I have obtained the same physical re- phite of soda with acetic acid and alum.
metalloids have on the total carbon as sults with the air furnace, and with The powdered composition is success-
well as the percentage of carbon. cupola melting without using steel, sim- ively applied to various portions of the
Shrinkage. ply employing varied proportions and copper to be treated and at a low heat.
Shrinkage is a great factor in using compnsitinns of scrap. The operation is repeated, at whicli
steel, and is dependent not only on the Quantity of Steel. stage the metal is soft enough to be
composition but on the size, shape, rate The quantity of steel used depends on hammered or welded into the shape de-
of cooling and whether the casting is the section of the castino- and whether sired. Copper so treated, it is claimed,
made in dry or gTeen sand. Anything machining be necessary or not. If the will take an edge and be sufficiently har-
that ultimately gives more combined car- casting have light and heavy sections it dened for cutting purposes without any
bon in the finished casting gives more is not easv to select an irrin which will tempering.
JOBBING PULLEY PRACTICE. rim was rammed up to within six inches on the rim owing to the increased dia-
By J. H. Eastham. of the upper edge, the arms and lower meter, as well as to secure perfect bal-
half of hub being next bedded to place ance, a cut was taken off the inside of
WHILE is so
ordinary pulley moulding
simple as to call for no
correctly by using the small L shaped
template shown to right of the same
special explanation, circum-
drawing.
stances occasionally arise in millwright
A cheek or midpart approximately 2 '---..:::Vo:;:.v::,-v^.^->>.-^=-
and repair shops that require a little
ft. 8 in. square by GYi in. deep was now
FIG. 6. JOBBING PULLEY PRACTICE.
placed on the parting left by the strickle
the pulley whilst machining. The finish-
ed casting was delivered several hours
ahead of schedule.
operator in the performance of his screw U to come in contact with the evenly over the surface of the pot. The
duties, has been for years the desire of upper tail of tlie stop dog P. at the same design eliminates excessive heating of
time removing the opposite end sufficient the pot at any one point, thereby in-
many an enterprising mechanic.
to allow the press to complete one opera- creasing the life of the pot itself and the
The object of this article is to place be-
fore the readers of Canadian Machinery tion. furnace proper. Tate-Jones & Co., Pitts-
on the hand, the operator's burg, Pa., manufacture this product.
a safety device for power presses and If, otlier
analogous machines, which has been de- fingers, or hand, or any obstruction pre- #
veloped and patented by Wright & vents the guard bars from reaching the
Stacey, of Hamilton, Ont., and is manu- safety position, tlie screw U does not BRASS MIXTURES FOR PLUMBERS
factured by The Brown, Boggs Co., of reach the tail of the stop dog P. The AND STEAMFITTERS.
that city. opposite end will then engage with the By P. W. Blair.
clutch pin and disengage the clutch, THE
Safety Device Features. wide variety of its application in
stopping the press. commercial and artistic lines gives to
The accompanying drawing shows the the making of brass a scope unequalled
device applied to a double crank arch
PREHEATED LEAD BATH FURNACE by few metals. A mixture or alloy de-
press, and protecting both the front and
rear of the press. Fig. 1 shows a view
FOR SHELLS. signed for any given purpose may be use-
agreed that copper in excess of zinc pro- those which are fibrous, becoming more tor becomes sufficiently charged with oil
duces the best grade of brass. Copper, strongly marked as the alloys are rich to properly lubricate all surfaces with
however, has inherent defects as a metal in zine. The fracture of these white which subsequently comes in contact.
it
which must be overcome by the judicious alloys is for the most part vitreous, and The universal type oiler can be at-
use of alloys. glassy. Brass goods wliich contain a tached to air line in any position, oper-
large proportion of zine are much more ating equally well in any plane or angle,
Mixture for Good Results.
susceptible to the action of water and and can be filled in no matter what posi-
The following: compound is recognized other fluids, and more especially steam. tion. The vertical type, on the other
by the leadins: metallursrists to produce The goods of this character become pit- hand, can be used only in the position
the best results for plumbing and steam ted because of the presence of zinc and shown. These oilers are made with %-
brass goods:
are therefore rendered inefficient. inch, 1-inch and iy2-inch pipe connec-
Topper S5 tions.
Zinc 6
Brass Fittings Underground.
Lead 4 This is especially true of l)rass goods
Tin 5 wliich areplaced in the ground, for TUNGSTEN.
then they must resist not only the ac-
TUNGSTEN is one of the many raw
100 tion of the water and fluids, but also
materials, the value of which has been
This produces what is known commer- the action of the earth as well.
greatly enhanced as a result of the war.
cially as red brass, in contra-distinetion In its strength and qualities red brass
It is a most important ingredient of
to yellow brass,which contains less cop- is like a piece of good oak. white yel-
high-speed steel, and the increased de-
per and more zinc, and is consequently low brass is like a pine board and its
mand for that product itself, rendered
a much less expensive metal, and which wearing qualities are therefore not com-
necessary by shell manufacture, would
is also of more coarse grain metal aivl parable with red bi'ass.
be sufficient to cause a large advance in
more brittle. price. While most of the tungsten
The mixture T given tlie
'have just hitherto used in Britain has had to be
above formula for, might with propriety VERTICAL TYPE SUCTION OILER. imported, it is good to know that this
be called a bronze composition, a.v it TO meet the demand for an oiler em metal is now being prepared from raw
does not differ materially from the bodying the same principle as their uni- material obtained in the County of Corn-
bronze formula given by Hirons, the versal type (a description of which ap- wall, England.
English authority, Avhich is: peared in these columns some time ago), Although most of the tungsten pro-
Copper 84.0
the Hanna Engineering Works, Chicago, duced by different countries is used in
Tin 2.9
have developed the vertical type shown steel making, considerable quantities are
Lead 4.8
in the accompanying illustration. The required in the manufacture of incan-
Zinc '8.3
descent electric lamps. The material as
received by the lamp makers is in a
100
powdered state, and the Society of En-
Melting, Mixing and Casting. gineers (London) recently had an oppor-
The mode ofmelting', mixinu- and cast- tunity of seeing it being made into the
ing- has important bearing in the
an thread-like wire so familiar to all users
1
final result. In the manufacture of of electricity. The tungsten powder is
plumbing and steam brass goods from compressed into small bars by hydraulic
red brass, the constituent parts are, of pressure, and is afterwards purified at a
course, of the utmost importance in very high temperature by a hydrogen
for'.tiina: the foundation of the goods, flame.
and play an important part in the final After being treated with electricity to
results. Ir must be taken into consid- increase the solidity, it is gradually
eration, also that the mere mixing and swaged down at a high heat, till it is
casting of t'he metal would of itself fall small enough to be drawn through dies
short of producing: a first-class metal, if in the ordinary wire drawing manner.
it were not also for tlie particular pro-
yellow brass which by reason of the large ceases the instant the air is shut off. The problem; it will
will not solve the labor
percentage of zine is a crystaline. necessary amount of lubricant at the not in the long run tend to raise wages
On this last point, Arthur H. Hirons, proper place and time is, therefore, or increase profits. Scientific manage-
principal of the School of Metallurgy. realized. A chamber containing an ab- ment is suffering more from the fact
Birmingham and Midland Institute says: sorbent is kept saturated from another that too great claims are being made for
"The pastiness of zinc manifests itself lax-ge oilstorage chamber surrounding itthan from anything else. Far more
decidedly in allovs immediately below it, and air passing through the lubrica- fundamental reforms are necessary.
:
-
- - -
General Manager
Asst. General
President
Manager
eral tendency is, as we have already said, towards direct
and sufficient-in-value returns. Scant consideration, if
PUBLISHERS any, is extended to what are known as indirect results, the
smack of philanthrophy about these being considered
altogether "unhealthy" from a business standpoint.
PETER BAIN,
Industries.
M.E., Editor.
and become in very fact benefactors even philanthrop-
B. G. NEWTON ...
OFFICES
- Advertising Manager
ists in spite of ourselves
Most manufacturing concerns advertise because it pays
CANADA them to do so; some don't, because they believe they can
Montreal Rooms 701-702 Eastern Townships Bank Building,
Telephone Main 12oo. do equally well without advertising; others again may or
Toronto 143-149 University Ave. Telephone Main 7324. may not advertise because of the fact that their particular
Winnipeg34 Royal Bank Building. Phone Garry 2313.
Telephone 8971 Rector. which, altliough competition may be and is more or less
Chicago A. H. Byrne, Room 607, 140 South Dearborn Street, keen, no possible monetary return is realizable.
Phone Randolph, 3234..
Boston C. L. Morton. Room 733. Old South Bldg.,
Concerning the latter classification and specifically
Telephone Main j024.
GREAT BRITAIN
London The MacLean Company of Great
t. . i
Limited. .,
Britain,
. those who advertise quite
a few do so, the action taken
88 Fleet Street, E.C. B. J. Dodd, Director. Telephone Central may be meant to indicate sihiply a desire to keep the firm
12960. Addre*: Atabek, London, England. name before the public, a by-no-means unwise proceeding.
SUBSCRIPTION RATE: There is, however, mucli more involved in such advertising
Canada, $1.00 for two years; United States, $1.50 for two
years; Great Britain, Australia and other colonies. 4s. 6d for
two , than simply keeping one's name before the public, and
years; other countries, $1.50 for two years. Advertising rates
just hereit seems, that, were nothing else considered, some
on request.
Subscribers who are not receiving their paper regularly will sensible percentage of every advertising appropriation
confer a favor by letting us know. We should be notlfletl at should be excluded from direct results expectations and
once of any change in address, giving both old and new.
be ear-marked "the public eye only."
Vol. VI. AUGUST, 1915 No. 8 Advertising of any sort has an educative value, the
latter being unrestricted to the mere bringing of buyer
PRINCIPAL CONTENTS. and seller together. It has made possible the placing in
The Successful I'rodudion of Large .steel Castings 135-138 the hands of the public, at little cost, literature which aids
(ieneral
;
138 tliem in every conceivable condition, circumstance and
.\cw F.iitoi-y iMsiH'ction Ucgulation.s. .. .Haste and
..\liuiit ScviTMl Thiiij;s. difficulty, and in no sphere is this so fully exemplified as
\V:isti-. . .
(iriixling Wheels Their :>laterial and .Manufacture 13i)-110 in the arts, craft.s and manufactures. Pul)lications rela-
General 140-141
tive to each of these are recognized necessities, as only
lUissian
13V> I'llr- High E.\plosive Shell Russian
Pdr. Shrapnel Shell Without Fuse Nose
1.5 Ontario's tlirough their medium are the administrative and oper-
Xiekel Ciinunission. ative staffs of any particular industry kept in prompt,
Health Hazards and Safety Precautions 141
Practical .\rticleK I>y Our Readers 142-145 intimate touch with developments whicli may affect its
Concerning Semi-Steel .... llanlening and Welding welfare either way.
Copper Jobbing I'ulley I'raetiee. .. .Safety Fii'st
The Slieet .Metal I'uuch Pri'ss Brass Mixtures for Through the opportunity of becoming a subs(?riber to a
Phiui1)ers and Steamfitters.
General 144-145 trade or teclinical journal the operative mechanic adds to
I'reheatod Lead Bath I'^urnace for Shells Vertical his capabilities, and as a result enhances his earning capa-
'i"y|)e Siictiiiii Oiler. .. .Tungsten.
city relative to his employer as well as to himself. Under
Editorial 146
Tlie "Iteturns" Value of Advertising. such circumstances tlien, should not a further and quite
Plating and Polishing I>ei>artnient 147-149 husky percentage of every advertising appropriation be
Electrd-I'lating With Cobalt Welding Up Scraii
Nickel .\niHles. .. .Coating Iron or Steel With Lead.... excised from the direct returns expectation column of the
Zinc Sitn.iti'iii in Canada.
ledger and be esteemed as indirectly reflected in the in-
Selected ;>Iarket Quotaitions 1.50
The General Market Quotations and Tendencies (.4dvtg.
creased efficiency and output of the shop. It seems to us
Section) 2B-29 that even the most progressive of our manufacturers rea-
Toronto Big Increase in B.xports. ..iil'ies'
I>ettei-
lize in but small degree, if at all, that advertising appro-
. .
remains free from i)recipitated matter is easily obtainable, and the operation
tate the rapid cleansing of the cathodes.
suclias characterizes tlie standard com- of the batlis will jirove instructive,
It must also be remembered that the
mercial nickel-plating solutions. ideasant and interesting.
current densities necessary for the best
results will necessitate the consumption
of a tremendous volume of current in a
Cost Feature.
For many purposes, one-f(uarter the
^
comparatively small volume of solution. weight of cobalt as compared with nickel
WELDING UP SCRAP NICKEL
ANODES.
Forexample, suppose we have ten is required to do the same protective
plating tanks, each containing 200 gal- work. If nickel costs 50 cents per lb. in SOME important experiments in the
lons of nickel solution and operated at the anode form and cobalt costs $2 per welding of nickel anodes by the oxy-
from 4 to 10 amperes per square foot, 11). in the same form, the cost for metal, acetylene process have just been con-
and, taking the higher density as a basis, weight for weight, would be on the same cluded in the plating department of The
we obtain the following: Each tank basis. The cost of su|)plies, repairs, etc., Prest-0-Lite Co., Inc., at its Indian-
has a capacity sufficient to treat 36 would l)e less with cobalt, while the size apolis plant. As a result of these ex-
square feet of work, which at 10 am- of plant required for given amount of periments and tests, worn nickel anodes
peres per square foot totals 360 amperes work would be smaller. The former con- which have previously been scrapped
per tank, and ten tanks at 360 amperes sumption is also less for a given amount and sold at less than half-price are now
being- reclaimed at a saving of more than with average intelligence can do the metal which forms one of the elements of
100 per cent. work without previous knowledge of the brass, has advanced from only 15
The anodes used are castings of 90 process. The apparatus required to do cents a pound to 20 cents a pound. Yel-
per cent, nickel, 8 per cent, carbon and the work is inexpensive. low brass, although better for shell pur-
2 per cent. iron. They are elliptical Many previous attempts have been poses, is not as high-grade as the red
bars approximately 11/2 in. by 31/2 in. made to utilize scrap nickel anodes, the brass, and yet, owing to the advanced
cross section, by 30 in. long, and weigh most common practice being to drill price of zinc, it is now dearer. Yellow
about 30 lbs. Their market value varies holes through several pieces and bind brass contains about 60 per cent, copper
between 46c and 50c per lb. On the them together by means of lead rivets. and 40 per cent, zinc, with a trifle of
basis of the latter price, each 30 lb. This method depends upon the contact lead, and the red brass about 80 to 90
anode has a value of $15. of the wire or rivet and the piece of per cent, copper and 10 to 20 per cent,
By welding up old anodes which have scrap to conduct the current, and is, zinc, with a small portion of tin.
been in the solution, and which have a therefore, of uncertain value, and in The scarcity of zinc is attributed by
junk value of between 22c and 25c per many cases a flat failure. the manager of one of the firms manu-
lb., this concern is now converting its
to support the anodes while in solution. commercial conditions, preferably uses ^ >
Under the intense heat of the oxy-aeety- as small an amount as 0.17 per cent., but
As an
extinguisher of small fires of
lene flame (approximately 6,300 F.) the can use as high as 1 per cent, of cad- oil or grease, sawdust is considered to
solder melts away rapidly, leaving a mium. The smallest possible amount is be much superior to either sand or
pure nickel bar, which is later welded recommended, as cadmium is expensive. water. Sawdust, wet or dry, thrown on
up. Thus, by the addition of from, say, Since it tends to oxidize and pass into
a blazinu' liquid has a blanketing action,
5 to 15 lbs. or more of scrap nickel, a the flux, causing a loss, the addition of
floating on the surface and keeping out
brand new anode, it is claimed, is manu- about V2 per cent, of zinc to the lead
the air, so that it actually smothers the
factured at trifling cost, and every bit bath prevents this, since the zinc oxi-
flame. The efficiency of sawdust may
of scrap is utilized without the loss of a dizes first and passes into the flux in
be increased by mixing it with sodium
single i^ound of metal. l>reference to ,tlie cadmium. Cadmium, bicarbonate, using 10 lb. per bushel of
No flux is employed, as this has been being more positive than iron, its pres-
saAvdust. The bicarbonate liberates car-
found to be unnecessary. The pieces of ence in the lead tends to protect the iron
bon dioxide when heated, this gas
scrap are simply melted-ou or "fused" the same as zinc. It also is claimed to
smothering the flames. Sawdust is more
together, using another piece of nickel promote and subsequently maintain the
suitable in cases of fires in an electric
as a filling rod. The welding process is adherence of the film of lead.
plant, as it is easier to handle and
of great
fusion,
benefit in obtaining
which is essential, as all joints
perfect
spreads more evenly than does sand.
No. 1 wrought iron .... 6 00 6 00 Canada plates, all bright. 4 40 4 60 Tin 45 to .50
FOUNDRY
Necessities
SATISFY YOURSELF
by a trial order. Just one will be sutficient to convince you
that we really do supply FOUNDRY NECESSITIES of un-
rivalled quality, with promptness and at tlie niinimum price.
The Hamilton
Bench Itaniniers .Made fruni
well oiled.
Maiile Hardwood
Facing Mill Company, Limited
HAMILTON, CANADA
If what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
This section sets forth the views and observations of Scrap Metals.
men qualified to judge the outlook and with whom we The market for heavy melting steel is
active, and quotations firmer. Prices of
are in close touch through provincial correspondents
copper and brass scrap are holding firm
or. good demand. Sciap lead is quiet, and
Toronto, Ont., Aug. 10, 1915. There previous contract, and so will not be of
prices have a weaker tendency. Zinc is
note in the industrial
is little cliang'e to any particular interest to manufacturers
quiet, and unchanged.
situation, conditions being much the on this side of the line.
same as during the last few weeks. Com- Prices on bars, i)lates, and small Metals.
pared with conditions prevailing one shapes are holding very firm, and higher Continued weakness characterizes the
year ago, the business outlook is favor- prices for Pittsburgh products may be metal markets. There has been no sign
able, and the steady improvement in expected any time. Boiler tubes have of a recovery during the week, and the
trade is distinctly encouraginr^. Per- advanced approximately $1 per 100 feet. weakness has been further intensified in
haps the most interesting feature is the Wrought iron pipe is very firm and an the London market by the depression fol-
improvement in the steel trade. Twelve advance is expected in the near future. lowing the fall of Wars-.iw. While this
months ago, conditions in the steel trade Galvanized sheets are easier to obtain, loss indicates that the war will be pro-
were very quiet and production had fal- and spelter has declined somewhat. Some longed and therefore increases demand
len off considerably. Now the mills are makers are still out of the inarket, and for -munitions and their many dequire-
very active, and working- almost to capa- are only filling up old contracts. Prices ments, yet for the time being these facts
city. Production is practically all on ac- of galvanized sheets are unchanged but have been offset by the psychological as-
count of the war. The crop reports gen- have an easier tendenev. The black pect of the situation. The metals prin-
erally are very favorable, and if the cijjally affected are tin, copper, spelter
yield is as good as is anticipated, it will and lead, which have all declined in Lon-
be of the greatest benefit to the country. ALLIES' PURCHASING don, and also locally, with the single ex-
The trade returns for the Dominion AGENTS. ception of copper, which, although dull,
for the last fiscal pub- 3'ear recently is unchanged. The antimony spot mar-
lished by the Department of Trade and The Trade and Commerce De- ket is easier, but quotations are un-
Commerce contain some interesting fig- partment, Ottawa, has published changed. The volume of business con-
ures. The imports of merchandise fell the foUo-wing list of purchasing tinues good, and compares very favorab-
off by nearly 163 million dollars, as agents for military purposes for twelve
ly with conditions prevailing
compared with 1914, while the exports the allied Governments:
months ago, altogether apart from the
showed an increase of a little more than International Purchasing Com- increase in the demand for metals for
four millions. The encouraging feature, mission, India House, Kingsway, munitions.
London, Eng.
however, is the fact that for the first Tin. The market in London is de-
time in many years the balance of trade
French. Hudson Bay Co., 56 pressed and has declined again. Con-
in rcsard to exports and imports is in McGill Street, Montreal; Captain ditions in the States are good, but the
Canada's favor. This condition is. of LafouUoxix, Hotel Brevort, New
New York market has been affected in
course, entirely as a result of the war. York; Direction de I'lntendance
sympathy with London. There is some
The increase exports of manufactured
i^-: Ministere de la Guerre, Bordeaux,
scarcity of spot tin, and if there were a
goods bein- '"" of the principal rea- France; M. De la Chaume, 28
Broad-way, Westminster, London. better tone in the mai'ket, a recovery
sons for the i:iMp trade balance.
might be expected. Tin has declined le,
Steel Market.
Russian. Messrs. S. Ruperti and is quoted locally at 41e per pound.
The outlook in the steel trade con-
and Alexsieff,
tache, Russian
care Military
Embassy,
At-
Wash-
Copper. The depression caused by the
tinues to improve, which due almost is fall of Warsaw has unsettled the mar-
ington, D.C.
entirely to war business. Canadian ket, but quotations have been main-
mills are operating- almost to capacity, tained. The prospect of a war of longer
and, in addition to the output of f orgings duration improves the position of cop-
sheet market is steadily gaining strength
and bars for shells, are producing other per owing- to the consequent larger de-
and quotations are firm with an upward
steel products, both finislied and semi- mand for this metal. The market is dull
tendency.
finished. and prices are unchanged at 21c per
reported that negotiations are
The high-speed tool steel situation is pound.
It is
between the Dominion Steel Cor-
]->ending
acute, and fears are expressed that the
shortage will be very serious, if it has
Spelter.
The market is weak, and
poration and the French Government for lower with little l)uying. There is an en-
not already become so.
a large order of finished shells. It is tire absence of inquiry, and efforts to
understood that, while nothing has been
The conditions in the steel trade m draw bids from buyers have met with
the States continue to improve, and The scarcity of spot spel-
definitely settled, a contract will be little success.
big business is being done in rounds for
signed at an early date. If this business ter has been largely overcome by the
shells. Mills are so well supplied \vith
is closed the outlook in the shell in- output of the smelters. Export orders
orders for bars that they are conserva-
dustry will improve considerably, as it have dropped off, and although these
tive about taking on any more tonnage,
may lead to other orders for shells being liave been large over recent months,
although large orders are offering from placed
placed here in addition to tliose being the shipments represent orders
foreign countries. The market is well
handled by the Shell Committee. It is some time aa'o. Spelter has declined 2c
established at -$1.30, Pittsburgh, and it
rumored that the Russian Government and quotations are nominal at 23c per
is expected that $1.35 will soon prevail.
has awarded another large contract for pound.
sheMs to the Canadian Car and Foundry Pig Iron. Lead. There is practically no demand
Co. In any case it is extremely prob- Furnaces connected with steelplants for lead, and the market is weak. It is
able that be distributed among
it will continue active, but the demand for extremely probable that the "Trust"
the same concerns in the States as the foundry iron is lielit. T'le pier iron sit- will have to reduce their prices. Local
^"\*JM'^.'t^-"^'SVj'Si/m-SV^^
Lundy Shovels
every requirement.
are their own
Quality Guaranteed B rass best salesmen.
W.W.WELLS, Toronto
Nickel Send us a trial order,
// what you want is not advertised in th is issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
28 C .V NADIAN F UNDRY MAN
prices have declined V'iC, and quotations fifty-two million dollars. About 160 Calgary, Alta. The Canadian Pacific
are nominal at 7c per pound. factories are turning them out. Railway is increasing its shell-making'
Antimony. The spot market is eas- Revenue Goes Up. facilities at the shops here.
ier, but there is a good inquiry for ex- The revenues, which immediately Welland, Ont. The Canadian Billings
tended Supplies of antimony
futures. started to decline after the war, were & Spencer Co. will purchase forge and
are easier to obtain, but quotations are not very successfully arrested by the metal-workins' machinerv to cost $30,-
unchanged, and nominal at 40e per taxes imposed at the special session of 000.
pound. Parliament in August. Those adopted
Aluminum. There is no improvement by the last budget, however, have caused
Lachine, Que. The city council has
in the situation as regards scarcity of the revenue since then to equal and in
awarded the contracts for the supply of
aluminum. The market is firm and quo- cast-iron water pipe to the Dominion
most cases exceed what it was in the
tations nominal at 40c per pound. Bridge Co.
ante bellum months of last year. The
war is being financed by British loans,
while joublic works are being carried on
Lieut-Colonel Thomas Cantley has
been elected president of the Nova Scotia
BIG INCREASE IN EXPORTS. by loans from Britain and the United Steel & Coal Co. He will also retain
THE anniversary of Great Britain's de- States. The small jobs have been shut the position of general manager.
down, but the big undertakings are all
claration of Avar directs attention to Can-
ada's accomplishments and some of the going ahead. This policy has been fol-
Windsor, Ont.
The city council
awarded the contract for the supply of
more outstanding results of the conflict lowed from the start.
cast iron water pipe to the National Iron
as afCecting this country. Canada has spent nearly a hundred
Works, Ltd., Toronto, at $30.25 per ton,
The initial taken before the
step, millions on the war. It costs three hun-
and for specials, valves, hydrants, etc.,
formal declaration of war, was the offer dred millions to run the country this
to the Kerr Engine Works, Walkerville.
by the Prime Minister of military as- year, and of this amount the war is
Ont.
sistance in the event of hostilities. Im- costing half a million a day. The big
mediately after the war broke out, a item of outlay is the pay of officers and Canada's Trade Balance. The effect
complete Canadian division was accept- men. On equipment, about thirty mil- of war munitions exports is being shown
ed and hurried mobilization and equip- lions has so far been spent. Speaking in the fact that Canada is now building
ment arranged for. It started on the money is available for
financially, while up a favorable trade balance from
25th September, 1914, wintered at Salis- war purposes, municipal corporate or month to month. In June the excess of
bury, and in early spring went to France. individual borrowings have been greatly exports over imports was $11,716,000, in
The story of St. Julien, Ypres, Festu- restricted.There is no prospect of the May $7,689,678, and in April $300,000, a
bert, and Givenchy speaks of the char- flotationof a loan in Canada for the favorable balance for the quarter of
acter and the results. reason that all the money available is $19,705,678. In the previous quarter
needed for commercial domestic pur- there was an adverse balance against
70,000 Are Overseas.
poses. this country of about $5,000,000. With
Since then there has been more and Just at present efforts are being con- the prospect for a heavy balance on the
steady recruiting, till about 140,000 centrated upon recruiting of the new re- right side this fall, owing to the record
men have been enlisted. Of this num- crop promised, the outlook in this re-
ber upwards of seventy thousand are spect is distinctly favorable.
now overseas. Reinforcements are go- CANADIAN GOVERNMENT
ing ahead constantly. It is the intention PURCHASING COMMISSION. Steel of Canada Outlook. In circles
to maintain in the field two complete close to the Steel Company of Canada,
The following gentlemen consti-
divisions, and a third one may, quite the gTeatest satisfaction is expressed
tute the Commission appointed to
possibly, be put there. In fact, there is make allpurchases under the Do- over the outlook. The company had to
no telling to what extent Canadian re- minion $100,000,000 war appropri- take some losses in the first quarter of
sources of men and munitions may be ation: George Gault, Winnipeg; the calendar year, but these have long
drawn on. A Russian retirement in the Henry Laporte, Montreal; A. E. since been made up, and it is predicted
east and the return westward of German Kemp, Toronto. Thomas Hilliard that the results of this year will be fully
hordes might easily produce conditions is secretary, and the commission up to those of 1913, when the company
headquarters are at Ottawa. enjoyed a profitable period. The cor-
calling formuch greater assistance from
this country tlian has heretofore been poration is turning out 200 tons of finish-
thought necessary. ed steel product per day, and this pre-
giments and their equipment. The work sumably will be increased as soon as the
Exports Have Increased. has gone ahead splendidly, but the fig- new open hearth steel furnace is fin-
The war has interfered with trade, ures of enlistment in the past month ad- ished.
and has completely changed the balance mit of improvement. This applies to all
of it, so much so that last month the military divisions, but it is quite prob-
figures exceeded imports by
of export able that harvesting activities have
thirty-five millions. Import trade has much to do with the situation, and that
Catalogues
dwindled materially, while exports, raw when they are finished, enlistment will Steel Castings, the product of found-
and manufactured, have much increased. rapidly be augmented. ries atWindsor, Ont., and Detroit, Mich.,
^ are illustrated and described in a cata-
While many lines of business have been logue recently issued by the Swedish
adversely affected, the war has stimu-
lated industry connected with munitions
Crucible Co. The special "Pyro" brand
and equipment for the forces.
Trade Gossip steel castings are included among the
The Hamilton Facing MUl Co., Ham- others, and in this connection are a few
An estimate of war orders in Canada have increased their capital suggestions
ilton, Ont., for successful carbonizing
places the total at approximately three
stock to $75,000. practice.
hundred and fifty million dollars. This
includes orders by the Canadian and Toronto, Ont The Canada Metal Co. Frankfort Furnaces made by the
allied governments. Orders for shells are making extensions to their factory Strom:, Carlisle & Hammond Co., Cleve-
alone are estimated at one hundred and at a cost of $15,000. land. Oliio. Catalogue No. 7 describes
~
CANADIAN FOUNDRY M A N 29
KEEPING UP A STANDARD
Best materials expeit workmanship every care the experience and the
fame of 40 years to keep us up to the highest notch of efficiency.
McCULLOUGH-DALZELL CRUCIBLES
are the very best made. Send us your next order.
McCULLOUGH-DALZELL CRUCIBLE CO., Pittsburgh, Pa.
'''
iIiii m'v'"^^''' "r V''('''r*' T i fV"
^f
Specialists in analyzing, mixing and melting of
Semi-Steel, Grey and Malleable Irons.
Air Compressors. Cars. Core Oven. Core AVash. Dust Arresters and Exhausters,
Berkshire Mfg.
Cleveland, O.
Co., H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto. &
Webster Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co. of Osbom .Mfi,'. (;o.. Cl.vehinil. O. Md.
Canada, Toronto. Whiting Fo>mdi7 Equipment Co., Core Wax. Dryers, Sand.
Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd., Harvey, III. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown,
Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Md.
Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. United Compound Co., Buffalo, N,Y.
Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St.
Elevators, Foundry, Hydraulic,
Cars. Sand Blasts. Cranes, Travelling and Jib.
Louis, Mo. Pangbom Corporation, Hagei-stown,
Pneumatic.
Smart-Turner Machine Co.. Hamilton, Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. A. R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto.
Md. Louis, Mo,
Ont. Canadian Ingeraoll-Rand Co., Ltd.,
Castings, Brass, Aluminum and WebfJter & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Montreal,
A. R. Williams Machy. Co., Toronto. Bronze. Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker- Pangbom Coipor.ition, Hagerstown,
Alloys. Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Tille. Ont. Md.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. ton, Ont. - Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton, Welister & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
F'rederic B. Stvens, Detroit. Ont. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Cast Iron. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Haney, 111.
Anodes, Brass, Copper, Nickel, Frankel Bros., Toronto. Harvey, III.
Zinc. Castings, Aluminum and Brass. Emery Stands.
Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Tallman Brass& Metal Co., Hamil- Cranes, Electric and Hand Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton.
ton, Ont. ton. Ont. Power. Fans, Exhaust.
W. W. Wells. Toronto. F. W. Quinn, Hamilton, Ont. H. S. & Co., Toronto.
Carter
A. R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto. Can. Buffalo Forge Co., Montreal,
Ammeters. Castings, Nickel.
Dominion Bridge Co., Montreal, Can, Fairbanks-Morse Co,, Montreal,
Menzemer, Niagara W. W. Wells, Toronto. Can. Sirocco Co., Ltd., Windsor, Ont.
Chas. J. Falls. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Cars, Foundry. Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co., Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Barrels, Tumbling. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Ltd., Toronto.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker- Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.
Webster &
Sons, Ltd., .Montreal. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. ville, Ont,
Hamilton, Ont.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Smart-TuiTier Machine Co., Hamilton, Sheldons, Limited, Qalt, Ont.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ham- Whitinc Foundry Equipment Co., Ont. Fillers (Metallic).
ilton, Ont. Harvey, 111. MTiiting Foundry Equipment Co., H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker- Harvey,
ville, Ont. Chain Blocks. 111.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton, Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co., Cranes, Hydraulic, Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Ltd.. Toronto. Shelton Metallic Filler
Ont.
John Millen & Son, Ltd., Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Conn.
Oo., Derby,
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Uaney, riiaplets. Harvey,
111.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
111. Fillets, Leather and Wooden.
Boiler Graphite. Wells Pattern & Machine Works Crucibles. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto,
Limited, Toronto. Dixon Cnidble Co., Joseph,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
Joseph Dixon Crudble Co., Jei-scj Jersey
Charcoal. City. N.J. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
City. N.J. Hamilton, Ont,
Webster & Sons. Limited, Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Frederic B. St(*vpnB. Detroit. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Fire Brick and Clay.
Blowers. Hamilton,Ont,
Chemists. R. Bailey & Son, Toronto.
Can. Buffalo Forge Co., Montreal. Seidel. R. B.. Philadelphia.
Tnrmitn Tf=:tinj L.nlinratoiy, Ltd., To- Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
H. Carter & Co., Toronto.
S.
Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd.,
ronto. Gibb, Alexander, Montreal,
Montreal. MeCulIoch-Dalzell Crucible Company,
Chemicals. Pitt-sburg, Pa.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd.
Can. Sirocco Co., Ltd., Windsor, unt. Hamilton, Ont.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Cupolas. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ham- Clay T.ined Cnicihles. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa.
ilton, Ont.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
MoCulloch-Dalzell Cnidble Company, A. R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto, Stevens, F. B,, Detroit, Mich.
J. 8. McCormick Co., Pittsburg, Pa. Pittsburg. Pa, Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Core Binders. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.,
Whitehead Bros, Ca, Buffalo, N.Y,
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Ltd,,
.Sheldons, Limited, Gait, Ont. H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Hamilton. Ont. Fire Sand.
Foimdry Equipment Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore,
Whiting Co.,
Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal,
Haney, 111. .T.W. Paxson Co.. Philadelnhia, Pa, Whitehead Bros Co., Buffalo, N.Y*.
Robeson Process Co.. New York City. Ont.
Blast Gauges Cupola. Corp Box Marhlres.
J.
ville,
W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Flasks, Snap, Etc.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
Sheldons. Limited. Gait, Ont. Berkshire Mfg, Co., Cleveland, 0.
H.amilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
J. S. McCormick. Pitt.sbnnj, Pa.
Guelph Pattern Works, Guelph, OnL
Hamilton, Ont. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., J. W. Paxson Co.. PhUadelphia, Pa.
H. 3. Cartr & Co., Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Harvey, 111.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Sheldons, Limited, Gait. Ont. Core Cnttlng-off and Coning Cupola Blast Gauges.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Foundry Coke.
Machine. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Brown .Specialty Machinery Co., Chl- Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Harvey, HI. ca?o. Til. Hamilton, Ont.
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
Brass Melting Furnaces. H. 8. Carter A Co.. Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa, Foundry Equipment.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Whitins Foundry Equipment
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. TTumiltnn. Ont.
Co.. H. S, Carter & Co., Toronto.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Harvey, 111. A. R, Williams Mach. Co., Toronto.
Hamilton Facing
Webster& Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Mill Co., Ltd., Cupola Blocks.
Hamilton, Ont. Core Compounds. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.,
'
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto. R. Bailey & Son. Toronto.
Hamilton, Ont.
Ltd.,
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Webster & .Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore,
Frederic Stevens, J. W. Pnxson
Co., Philadelnhia. Pa.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Northern
B. Detroit.
Hamilton. Ont. Crane Works, WalkerviUe,
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Robeson Prores^ Co.. New York City. Ont.
Harvey, 111. Frederic B. Stevens. Detroit.
.T. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa, Osboni Mfg. Co., riiveland. O.
Stevens. F. B.. Detroit, Mich.
Brushes, Foundry and Core. Core Maehines. Hammer. Pangbom Corporation. Hagerstown,
TT. S. Carter * Co.. Toronto. Cupola Blowers. Md.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Brown Can. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Snecialty Machinery Co., Chi- Buffalo Forge Co.. Montreal.
cago, m. Can Sirocco Co., Ltd., Windsor. Ont. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Manufacturers' Brush Co., Cleveland, Whiting Foandry Equipment
Ohio.
Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Welwter & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal. Co..
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Haney, 111.
r)0,m Mfn. ('(,., O.
Clevilaiiil,
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Hamilton. Ont. Sheldons, Limited. Gait. Ont. Foundry Parting,
Core-making Machines. Stevens. F. B., Detroit, Mich. H. 8. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit.
Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Cupola Tyinings. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Brushes, all Kinds. H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Manufaeturere" Brush Co., Cleveland, Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Hamilton, Ont.
Ohio. T. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia. Pa. Hnmilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Sleeper & Hartley, Worcester, Mass, Frederic B. Stevens. Detroit. Hamilton, Ont. Stevens,F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton. T. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.Y.
Core Oils.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Buffing and Polishing Cataract Refining Co.. Buffalo. N.Y. Foundry Facings.
H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Cupola Twyers. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Machiner.v.
Webster * Snn. Ltd.. Montreal.. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
W. W. Wells, Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd.. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa, Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
Hamilton. Ont. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich, Hamilton, Ont.
Buffing and Polishing Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore,
Compositions. Core Ovens. Cntting-off Machines,
J. W. Paxson Co., PhUadelphia, Pa.
W. W. Wells, Toronto. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, Stevens, P. B., Detroit, Mich.
Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Cyanide of Potassium. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.X.
Buffs. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., W. W. Wella, ToroDta.
Hamilton. Ont, FurD'tce Lining.
W. W. Wella, Toronto. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Drying Ovens for Cores. Hamilton Facing Mil] Co., Ltd.,
Oven Equipment & Mfg. Co., New Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal, Hamilton, Ont.
Burners, Core Oven. Haven, Conn. Whiting Fo'mdry Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co.,
Equipment Co,,
WelMter & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Sheldons, Limited. Gait, Ont. Hanoy. 111. Easton, Pa,
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co.. Baltimore. FreHpric B. Stevens. Detroit.
Dynamos. Monarch Eng. &
Mfg. Co., Baltimore!
()-.bo)ii -MfK. Co., Cleveland, O. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Harvey, HI. W. W. WellB. ToroatA. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 31
Furna*s. Ladle Stoppers, Ladle Nozzles, Ramming Plates and Machines. Steel Bars, all kinds.
Hamilton FociOK Mill Ltd.. and Sleeves (Graphite). Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd.,
Co.,
Montreal.
Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.8.
Hamilton, Ont. J. W. Paxson Philadelphia, Pi.
Co., Northern Crane Works, Walkerville,
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co., Seidel, K. B., Philadelphia. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Ont.
Easton, Pa. McCulloch-Dalzell Crucible Company, Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co.,
Monarch Eng. &
Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Pittsburg, Pa. Ltd., Toronto.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philarielphla, Pa. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal. Retorts. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, P.
Stevene, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Stevens, F. B,, Detroit, Mich.
Jonathan Bartley Crucible Co., Tren-
VV hi tins; Foundry Equipment Co.,
N.J. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
Harrey, 111.
Melting Pots. ton,
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Riddles. Harvey, 111.
Hamilton, Ont.
Furnaces, Brass. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.. Talc.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Hamil ton, Ont,
H. 3. Carter & Co., Toronto. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. J, W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pt.
Hamilton Facing MUl Co., Ltd., Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Stevens, F. B,, Detroit, Mich. Hamilton, Ont.
Hamilton, Ont.
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co., Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal. E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto.
Metallurgists. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
ISaston, Pa.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Rosin. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Canadian Laboratories, Toronto.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Charles C. Kawin Co., Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd,. Montreal.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Taps.
Frankel Bros., Toronto.
Whiting Foundry EQuipment Co., Toronto Testing Laboratories, Toronto. Rouge.
Harvey, 111.
Geometric Tool Co., New Haren,
W. W. Wells, Toronto. Conn.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
MillTille Gravel.
Goggles. & Sand Blast Machinery. Teeming Crucibles and Funnels.
H. S. Carter Co., Toronto,
TiJghman-Brocksbank Sand Blast Co., Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi- McCulloch-Dalzell Crucible Company,
Philadelphia, Pa. cago. 111. Pittsburg, Pa.
Mixers. Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co,, Ltd..
Grapbite Products. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Montreal. Threading Maciilnes.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgetiur?,
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ont. Geometric Tool New
Hamilton, Ont,
Co., Haven,
Molders' Tools. Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. Conn.
Jonathan Bartley Crucible Co., Tren- Louis, Mo.
ton, N.J. H. 3. Carter & Toronto. Co.,
Hamilton Facing MUl Co., Ltd.,
McCiilloch-Dalzell Crucible Company, Wm. Dobsou, Canastota, N.Y. Track, Overhead.
Hamilton, Ont.
Pittsburg, Pa. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich,
Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown, Northern Crane Works, Walkerrills.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Md. Ont,
Hamilton, Ont. Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co.,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Herbert Morris Crane & Holat Oo.,
Grinders, Disc, Bench, Swing. Philadelphia, Pa. Ltd., Toronto.
Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa, J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Ont.
Molding Machines. Stevens F. B.. Detroit, Mich. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
Perfect Machinery Co., Gait, Ont. BerksMre Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co..
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., of Harvey, Ul.
Grinders, Chaser or Die. Canada, Toronto. Sand Blast Rolling Barrels.
Geometric Tool New Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown, Tripoli.
Co., Haven, Hamilton Facing
Conn. Mill Co., Ltd,, Md.
Hamilton, Ont. Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co.. W. W. Wells, Toronto.
Helmets. Osbom Mfg. Cleveland. O.
Cu.. PhUadelphia. Pa.
Stevens, P. B Detroit. .Uich.
. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N,T. Trollej's and Trolley Systems.
Tilghmau-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co.. Midland Machine Co., Detroit.
Philadelphia, Pa. Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadelphia. Sand Blast Devices. Can. Fairbanks-Morse Co., Montreal.
Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi- Curtis Pneumatic Maciiinery Co., St.
Hoisting amd Conveying Molding Sand. cago. III.
Louis, Mo,
Machinery. Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Hami.ton Facing Mill Co., LM., Hamilton, Ont.
Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co., Hamilton, Ont. Pariebom Corporation, Hagerstown,
Northern Crane Works, Ltd,, Walker-
Ltd., Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, r-a. Md.
ville, Ont,
Northern Crane Works, Walkerville. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast c;o.,
A. E. Williams Machy. Co., Toronto. PhUadelphia, Pa. J, W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Whiting Poundry Equipment Co.. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Harvey, Ul.
Sand Molding. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Harvey, 111,
Molding Sifters. Hamilton Facing Co., Ltd..
Hoists, Electric, Pneumatic.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton, Ont. Trucks, Dryer and Factory.
A. R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Canadian Ingersoll-Eand Co., Ltd.. Stevens. F. B.. Detroit. Mich. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Montreal.
Ovens for Core-baking and Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal. Hamilton, Ont.
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., of W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Canada, Toronto. Drying. Sand Sifters. J.
Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich.
Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. Whitjni! Fotindry Eqiiipment Co., H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Louis, Mo. Harvey, 111. Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd., Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Herbert Moriis Crane & Hoist Co.. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. ilontreal, Harvey, 111.
Ltd., Toronto* Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
Northern Crane Works, Walkerville. Hamilton, Ont.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Oil and Gas Furnaces. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Tumblers.
J.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Stevens, F. B., Detroit. .Mich. H. 3. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Harrey, 111. Hamilton, Ont, Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimo.e. AVhitincr Fotmdry Equipment Co.,
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Harvey, 111.
Hoists, Hand, XroUey. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. Mich.
Turntables.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Sand Shakers. H. 3. Carter & Co., Toronto,
Northern Crane Works, Walkerville. Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi- Northern Crane Works, Walkerville.
Herbert Crane & cago, III. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Ltd.,
.Moriis Hoist Co., Patterns, Metal and Wood. Stevens F. B., Detroit, .Mich.
Toronto. Saws, Hack.
Whiting FoundiT Limited, Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Equipment Co., Hamilton, Whiting Foundry EquiiHnent Co.,
Harvey, 111.
Guelph Pattern Works, Guelph, Ont. Ford-Smith Machine Co.,
F. W. Qxiinn, Hamilton, Ont. Ont. Harvey, 111,
Hose and Couplings. Wells Pattern & Machine Works, Separators, Moisture, Oil
and Sand. Vent Wax.
Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg,
Ont. Pattern Shop Equipment. Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown,
H. 3. Carter & Co., Toronto.
H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Md. United Compound Co., Buffalo, N.f.
Ingot Metals. Hamilton Pattern Works, Hamilton. Sieves. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal,
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd,,
Detroit. Mich.
Frankel Bros., Toronto. Hamilton, Ont. Stevens. F. E..
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Vibrators.
J. W. Paxson Philadelphia,
Co., Pa.
Iron Cements. F. W. Qufnn. Hamilton, Ont. Silica Wash. Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich. Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd.,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Montreal.
.1. \V. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Small Angles.
Smooth-On Mfg. Co., Jersey City. Pig Iron. Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.3. Wall Channels.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.8, Soapstone. Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N,S.
Iron Filler. Frankel Bros., Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd,,
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co., Wire. Wire Rods and Nails.
Easton, Pa. Polishing Wheels. Steel Kails.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.S. Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.S.
1
ADVERTISING INDEX
Bartley Crucible Co 4 Hawlev Down Draft Furnace Co.. 32 Robeson Process Co.
Berkshire Mfg. Co 1
Kawin Co., Charles C Seidel R. B 7
Brown Specialty Machinery Co.. 3
Inside Front Cover
Canada Niagara Device Co 27 Tabor Manufacturing Co 5
Lundv Shovel & Tool Co 27
Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast
Davenport Machine & Foundry Co. 4 Manufacturers Brush Co. 32 Co 7
Dominion Iron & Steel Co 8 McCullough-Daizell Crucible Co. .. 29 Toronto Testing Laboratories, Ltd.. 29
Dobson, Wm 29 McLain 's Svstem 3
Mi,lland Machine Co 32 ^'"^^ed (^ompound Co 7
Foundry & Machine E.xhibition Co. 6
I\Ionarch Enu. & Mf<>. Co 29 t , ,
\\ el)st'.'r
o
& ^
Sons, t
Ltd ^ i
l^^llUlllllllUUIIIlllUll^illllllllillillllMiUlllllllllllMllllllllllllllllllilllilllilllllllllllllllllllillllllllllUllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllUlllllllll^
The foundry equipment and service offered under the Osborn trade-mark
are comprehensive.
are five typical kinds of foundries, say. The first is all hand-work,
Here
and each of the others goes beyond its predecessors in advanced methods.
One of these represents conditions in your foundry or perhans your con-
ditions blend from those of one class into the other.
Whatever kind of foundry your foundry is, Osborn can help you to more
profits and to growth.
5^,i!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiimimiiniiii;iiinn!iiiiiiiniiiii:tiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiniuiiiiMn-iiiiiiiiiniiiiii:i;rriiiiiiiiiiniiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:iiiiiiiiiiiiiiu
"' s
"n'UiiiiiiTiiiniiimniiMinirmiiiin!i!!iiii!i;miiiMiiiiiiiriir'iMiii'iiiTiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim^^^
Canadian p'oundryman
Meritorious
Our service the right goods at the right price, delivered on the dot.
Correspondence invited.
I
lAJVlopiiPAJS
Metal iNDusTKf News
PUBLICATION OFFICE, TORONTO, SEPTEMBER, 191
We have installed
thesehand sand blast
machines in small and
large brass, bronze,
aluminum and iron
foundries.
Circulars, catalogues
and blue prints will
be forwarded on re-
quest.
Our organization consists of prac- thatyou are much better off for
tical, expert foundrymen who having called him to your assist-
devote entire time and knowledge ance.
to turning losses into profit. When Kawin Service has put many of
we enter your foundry every the largest as well as the smallest
department undergoes the uner- progressive foundries on a better
ring judgment of carefully trained paying basis.
men and our report and recom-
mendations cover the source of
IVE POSITIVELY GUARAN-
loss and practical remedies are
TEE 100 PER CENT. ON
suggested to eliminate such loss.
YOUR INVESTMENT WITH
US, without the necessity of new
Kawin Service is not a game of equipment.
chance. You take no chances ASK US TO CALL AND
whatever, for Kawin asks no DEMONSTRATE WHAT WE
recompense until you have been CAN DO AT OUR OWN
assured to your entire satisfaction EXPENSE.
Charles C.
CHEMISTS
KAWIN Company, Limited
FOUNDRY ADVISERS METALLURGISTS
stabtfshr:a In 1903 antt novu Ooina business, on yearly contract,
with several huntired foundries
Chicago, 111.
307 KENT BUILDING, TORONTO Dayton, Ohio
'
.i
The "GOAT EXPRESS" much chance of beating the "SPECIAL" hauled by the
has about as
ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE average founder has of beating foundrvmen who are following
as the
"McLAIN'S SYSTEM." But the old driver very complacently declares: "WE'LL CATCH THEM
COMING BACK." It is this SAME COMPLACENCY that invites and eventually brings disaster
to foundrymen who will not learn
McLain's System
700 Goldsmith Bldg. Milwaukee, Wis.
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
/'WlXti,.
If
Canadian foundrymen who are unable to attend the
Convention, will have it brought
doors in all the
to their
permanence and word. Our report
interest of the printed
will be liberally illustrated and some of the most important
papers will be reproduced in our October Number.
THE EXHIBITS
If The tenth Annual Foundry and Machine Exhibition, with
its interesting and instructive exhibits, will be perpetuated
in word and picture, and buyers and probable buyers should
preserve our Convention Number for reference purposes.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
CANADA
143-153 UNIVERSITY AVE. .-. .-. TORONTO,
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
DURABLE
Because one piece,
it
hardened and ground, working
is of HEART
vertically and entirely enclosed.
POSITIVE MUMFORD
Being air-operated in one
direction
table impacts
to close
on
opens
bumper
as
JOLT
frame.
SIMPLE RAMMER
For it is without springs or
complicated valve operat-
ing mechanism.
VISIT
BOOTH 170
ATLANTIC CITY, SEPT.24-OCT, 1
'vJ^
If what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
BROWN SPECIALTY
THE ELECTRIC DUPLEX SHAKER MACHINERY CO.
Equipped with A. C. or D. C. Motor. 2448 West 22nd Street, Chicago
Motor Driven
^^^5;;;-^5^'\f BlNCMAMTON.N V. U S A
Sterling Fla.sks, for Hoor work, which are long and nar-
row, prove very satisfactory when sides only are reinforced.
BUT
Flasks for floor work which are fairly wide, and flasks
which receive exceedingly hard usage, are given an extra
reinforcing all the way around.
The FLANGED ANGLE REINFORCEMENT which we
have recently perfected, straddles the reinforcing rib and is
// what you luant i-" not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Good Castings
Good Cores
Thorough
Mixing
Old Sand
Strength
Finish
You get the good things and eliminate the bad with a Standard.
These are the paddles used in a Standard, which mix the sand 100 times a minute
and not merely turn it over as you would with a shovel. That is why foundries tell us
they save from 5% to 50% of Binder.
There is a Standard for every size foundry. One to sixty tons per hour.
The advertiser would like to know where ijou. saw his advertisement tell him.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
ADVANCE SECTIONAL
ADVANCE SECTIONAL BRASS TAMPICO
AND STEEL SATIN FINISH METAL DISC CENTRES
Patented April 4, 1911 WHEELS
6 in. to 12 in. diam.
ADVANCE METAL DISC CENTEE ANY SIZE ARBOR
ANY SIZE WIRE ANY PACE
WIRE WHEEL BRUSHES ANY SIZE WHEEL ANY ARBOR
No. Diain. In. Sects. Width Face In.
200 15 6 21/2
201 12 5 2
202
203
204
205
10
8
7
6
5
4
4
4
1%
11/2
IVi
IVs
POWER BRUSHES
c<
The Manufacturers
Advance
LINE OF FOUNDRY BRUSHES
Comprises any brush you can think
of and represents the best possible
Hing Fillers to fit any size of
quality and workmanship procurable.
ECONOMY HUBS
There is a brush in the "Advance
Line" designed especially to meet
your requirements.
Shoe Handle Washout Stone Brush Floor Brush Bent Handle Washout
Crucibles of Quality
Tilting Furnace
UNIFORM CRUCIBLES
Service and Durability Our Specialty.
Ensures Economy.
Catalogue on request
i^iTLL
STffl|SI,0)liRD '
J.H.jG.a.uitjef;
'S^M'fim > ^f-J "I VfVf/mwMmuxiiiKiiM'H
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him,.
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMEN will receive a cordial welcome at our Display and may arrange to meet their friends at our
Booth, No. 118 and 120, Machinery HaU, The Foundry & Machine Exhibition, Young's Pier, Atlantic City, Sept. 25th to
October 1st. Works Managers and Superintendents will find much that will interest them in our complete line of Air-
Tools for Foundry Service.
The Bowes is instantly connected or dis- Adjoining cut shows the Hose attached
to Bowes Coupling with Never-Slip Hose
tonnected. The Bowes is absolutely
Clamp. No "blow-offs" can occur if the
tight under all pressures. [J
Xever-Slip Clamp is used.
Street
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co. of Canada, Ltd., Toronto, ont:
HELLO! FOUNDRYMEN
TRADE MARK
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 11
TABOR
4 "JARRING MACHINE
Table, 18 x 24 . Capacity 700 lbs.
ing a speci-
alty of light
If what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
12 CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
"WABANA'^
MACHINE CAST PIG IRON
ALL METAL NO SAND
ChillC?.st" SJNDLESS''Vi^ Iron
melts quicker or with lower fuel
consumption than Sand Cast Iron.
Machine Cast Iron is shipped 2,240
pounds to the ton, and it is All Metal
no sand.
SALES OFFICES :
The advertiser would like to know where you saw , his advertisement tell him.
YOUXG'S illlvLIOX DOLLAR PIER WITH FUUNDKY AND MAf'IIIXE (" O. AND FOUNDRYMEN'S CONVENTION
HEA.DQUARTERS IN FOREGROUND.
lay-out and operation systems with The registration bureaus for both as- limited supply of compressed air. Steam
which they may be unfamiliar, but by sociations, which will be located on the as a motive power will also be on tap.
which they may profit. At the various pier, will open Monday morning, Sep- The various convention programmes are;
sessions of the American Foundrymen's tember 27. The headquarters of the Am- as follows:
152 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
American Foundrymen's Association of The Fire Engineer, and Harry Y. Carson, -Malleable Iron Practice," by L. E. Gilmore,
central Foundry Co., New York. Baltimore Malleable & Steel Co., Baltimore.
TUESDAY, Sept. 28, 10 a.m. CONVENTION Paper on malleable practice, by J. P. Pero
HALL WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 29, 2.30 p.m. CON- and J. C. Nulsen, Missouri Malleable Iron
Joint session, American P^oundrymeu's As- VENTION HALL Co., East St. Louis, 111.
sociation and American Institute of Metals. Gray Iron Session
"Coal Its Origin and Use in the Air Fur-
Addresses of welcome and response. nace," by F. Van O'Linda, Consolidation Coal
Report of A. F. A. committee on safety, by "Pouring Systems for Gray Iron Fouu- Co., Chicago,
A. W. Gregg, cliairman, Bucyrus Co., South dries," by H. Cole Estep, associate editor,
Milwaukee, Wis. The Foundry, Cleveland. THURSDAY, SEPT. 30. 7 p.m., HOTEL
"Tests of Lenses for Foundry Goggles,"' by "Fuel Oil Cupolas," by Bradley Stoughton, TRAYMORE
P. W. King, Julius King Optical Co., New consulting metallurgical engineer, New York
Annual banquet.
York. This address will be accompanied by
a demonstration of a lens testing machine "Inspection of Automobile Castings," by C.
and colored spectroscopic test showing B. Wilson, Wilson Foundry & Machine Co., FRIDAY, OCT. 1, 10 a.m. CONVENTION
a
scientifically, colors of lenses used in daniger- I'ontiae, Mich. HALL
ous conditions of light and glare. "Common Defects in Gray Iron Castings^ Introduction of new officers.
Report of A. F. A. committee on industrial Their Causes and Remedies Therefor," by Report of committee on resolutions.
education, by Frank M. Leavitt, chairman. Herbert M. Ramp, Elmwood Castings Co., Appointment of standing committees.
University of Chicago, Chicago. Cincinnati. Unfinished business.
"Functions of Sand Binders," by Henry M. Report of A. F. A. committee on specifica-
Lane, consulting foundry engineer, Trussed tions for gray iron castings, by W. D. Put-
nam, chairman, Detroit Testing Laboratory, American Institute of Metals
Concrete BUlg., Detroit.
"Notes on Applications and Characteri.stics Detroit.
Report of A. F. A. committee on standard TUESDAY, SEPT. 28, 10 a.m. CONVENTION
Modern Molding," by R. A. Bull,
of Cores in HALL
Commonwealth Steel Co., Granite City, 111. methods for analyzing coke, by H. E. Diller,
chairman. General Electric Co., Erie, Pa. Joint meeting with the American Foundry-
"Molding Sands," by C. P. Karr, associate men's Association. (For details see A. F. A.
physicist. Bureau of Standards, Washington,
D.C.
WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 29, 8 p.m., HOTEL program.)
AppnintmeTits of nomin.iting and resolutions TKAYMORE
commTttees. Annual Business Session
TUESDAY, SEPT. 28, 3 p.m. HOTEL
TRAYMORE
TUESDAY, SEPT. 28, 2.30 p.m. CONVENTION .\nnnal address of the president, R. A.
Bull, Commonwealth Steel Co., Granite City,
General Papers
H.4LL Report of official chemist, by Arthur D.
111.
Report of A. F. A. committee on specifica- Report of the secretary-treasurer, A. O. Little, Inc.,Boston.
tions for foundry scrap, by S. D. Sleeth, Backort, Cleveland. "An Investigation of Fusible Tin Boiler
chairman, Westinghouse Air Brake Co., Wil- Report of the auditor. Plugs," by Dr. G. K. Burgess, Bureau of
merding. Pa. Report of tlio nominating committee. Standards. Washington, D.C.
"Pniternmakinsr for Molding Machine Wi>iU." Election of otTicers. "The Influence of the Impurities of Spelter
oji tihe Crai-king of Blush Castings," by
(Jilbert Rigg, New Jersey Zinc Co., Newark,
N.J.
"Cobalt in Non-Ferrous Metals," by H. T.
Kalmus, Kalmus, Comstock & Westcott,
t'anibridge, Mass.
"Furnace Methods for Pure Castings," by
F. L. Antisell, Raritan Copper Works, Perth
-Vmboy, N.J.
"Standard Test Specimen of Zinc-Bronze:
Cu. 88, Sn. 10, Zn. 2. Relation of the Me-
chanical I'roperties to the Microstructure,"
by Dr. H. S. Rawdon, Bureau of Standards,
Washington, D.C.'
"Notes on the Copper-Rich Kalchoids," by
S. L. Iloyt, University of Minnesota, Minne-
apolis.
TUESDAY, SEPT. 28, 8 p.m.
Theatre party.
WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 29, 10 a.m. HOTEL
TRAY.MORE
"The Effect of the Present European War
on the Metal Industries," by Thos. F. Wett-
stein. United Lead Co., New Y'ork.
"Sherardizing," by Dr. S. Trood, U. S. Sher-
BE.\CH SCE.XE, ATLANTIC CITY. ardizing Co., New Castle, Pa.
"Electric Furnace for Brass Melting," bj
bv E. I. Chase, Cadillac Motor Car Co., De- THURSDAY, SEPT. 30, 10 a.m. AND 2.30 F. A. S. Fitzgerald, Fitzgerald Laboratories,
troit. p.m. CONVENTION HALL AND ANNEX Niagara Falls, N.Y.
"Foundations for Jar-Ramming Molding "Substitutes and Alloys to Take the Place
.Machines," by E. S. Carman, Osborn Mfg. Co., Steel Sessions of Platinum," by W. E. .Mowrey, St. Paul,
Cleveland. "Dynamic Properties of Steel Employed ni Minn.
"The History and Development the of the M;i<nufa,ctnre 'of Castings of Various "Alloys of Nickel, Chromium and Copper,"
Molding .Machine with Sideliglits on Latter- Types," by J. Lloyd Uhler, Union Steel Cast- by David F. McFarland and O. E. Harder,
Day Practice," l)y .T. J. Wilson, Cadillac ing Co., Pittsburgh. University of Illinois, Uurbana, 111.
Motor Car Co., Detroit, and A. O. Backert, The "The Particular Application of the Converter
Foundry. Cleveland. in the Manufacture of Steel Castings." by C. WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 29. 2 p.m. HOTEL
"Scientific Mraiagement and Its Relation to S. Koch, Fort Pitt Steel Casting Co., .McKees- TRAYMORE
the Foundry Industry," by H. K. Hathawav, port. Pa.
Tabor Alfg. Co.. Philadelphia. "Notes on Electric Furnace Construction Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
"Reclaiming Molding Sand," by W. JI. and Operation in the Steel Foundry," by "Aluminum Die Castings," by Chas. Pack,
Saunders and H. B. Hanley, Saunders & James H. Gray, U. S. Steel Corporation, New Doehler Die Casting Co., Brooklyn, N.Y'.
Franklin, analytical and consulting chemists, York City.
Proviiionce, R. I.
"The Manufacture and Use of Alumino-
"The Relation of the Foundry Foreman to
"Open-Hearth Furnace Checker Design," by Vanadium," by Wm. W. Clark Seymour Mfg.
W. A. Janssen, Bettedorf Co., Davenport, Co., Seymour, Conn.
His Employer," by S. V. Blair, Kushville, Iowa.
Ind. "Recent Advances in the Manufacture and
TUE.SDAY, SEPT. 28, 8 p.m. "Causes of Shrinkage Cracks in Steel Cast- Uses of Aluminum," by E. V. Pannell, Brit-
ings." l)y William R. Bossinger, Marion Steam ish Aluminum Co., Toronto, Ont.
Theatre party for members and ladies of Shovel Co., Marion, O.
the American Foundrymen's Association and Report of A. F. A. committee on specifica- "The Welding of Aluminum," by E. V.
the American Institute of Metals. tions for steel castings, by W. C. Hamilton,
Pannell, British Aluminum
Toronto, Ont. Co.,
.\raerican Steel Foundries, Granite City, 111. "Aluminum Bronze Alloys," by W. M. Corse,
WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 29, 10 a.m. CONVEN- Report of A. F. A. committee on steel
Titanium Alloy .Mfg. Co., Niagara Falls, N.Y.
TION H.\LL foundry standards, by Dudley Shoemaker,
"The Modern Foundry Advance," by Dr. -American Steel Foundries, Indiana Harbor,
THURSDAY, SEPT. 30, 10 a.m. HOTEL
Richard .Moldenke, consulting metallurgical Ind., and R. A. Bull, Commonwealth Steel
TRAYMORE
engineer, Watchung, N.J. Co., Granite City, III. Acid Metals and Bearing Bronzes
"Manufacture, Constitntents and Essentials "Notes on Are Welding," by Robert Kin- "Development of an Acid-Resisting Alloy,"
In the Purcliase of Pig Iron for Foundry T'se." kcad, Lincoln Electric Co., Cleveland. by S. W. Parr, University of Illinois, Urbana,
by Oliver .T. .AbeJl, "The Iron Age. Chicago. 111.
Report of the A. F. A, committee on cnsts, Malleable
Sessions
by B. D. Fuller, chairman, Westinghouse Elec- "Some Remarks Rcgirding "Methods of Analysis for Complex Alloys,"'
the Permissible by S. W. Parr, University of Illinois, Urbana,
tric & Mfg. Co., Cleveland. Phosphorus Limit in .M.illealjle Iron Castings," 111.
Organization in the Foundry of the Univer- by T'rof. Enrique Tiuceda. Rensselaer Poly-
sity of Illinois Shop Laboratories." by R. E. technic Institute, Albany, N.Y'. "Effect of Zinc on Copper, Tin, Lead Al-
Kennedy n"d .T H H'^gue, instructors. Uni- "Standardization of .^ir Furnace Practice," loys," by G. H. Clamer, Ajax Metal Co.,
versity of Illinois. T''rbana. 111. by A. L. Pollard, Johnston Harvester Co., Philadelphia.
"TIip Structural or Mechanical Theory of Batavia. N.Y. "The Advantages of a Standard Railway
the Effect of Rust on Cast Iron and Wrought ".\n Outline to Illustrate the Interdepend- Journal," by Russell R. Clark, Pennsylvania
Iron or Steel," by R. C. McWane, publisher ent Relationship of the Variable Factors in Railroad, Pittsburgh.
THURSDAY, SEPT. 30, 2 p.m. HOTEl, charge of a special committee, whose Electric Controller & Mfg. Co., New York.
TBAYMOKE Felt & Tarrant Mfg. Co., Chicago.
Forging and Rolling: Alloys
members will afford the golf devotees Factory (A. W. Shaw I'ublishing Co.), Chicago.
Gardner Machine Co., Beloit, Wis.
"Forging Manganese Bronze," by Jesse L. every assistance to indulge in this General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y.
Jones, VVestingbouse Electric & Alfg. Co., East favorite sport. The committee is consti- Goldschaiidt Thermit Co., New York.
rittsliurgh, Pa.
"Tlie Failure of Structural Bronzes," by
tuted as follows: H. M. Bougher, chair-
Gracetou Coke Co., Graceton, Pa.
Great Western Mfg. Co., Leavenworth, Kansas
Dr. P. D. Merica, Bureau of Standards, Wash- P. A. Hardy & Co, New York.
ington, D.C.
man, J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia; Hayward Co., New York.
"Experiences with Brass in Civil Engineer- Peter Brauscher, Philadelphia &
S. Herman Pneumatic Alachine Co., Zelienoplc.
f .
ing Work," by A. D. Plinn, board of water Pa. .
Evans, Eynon-Evans Mfg. Co., Philadel- Walker & Pratt Mfg. Co., Boston, and Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Harvey, 111.
Walter Wood, vice-president American T. A.Willson Co., Reading, Pa.
phia; Chas. H. Harrar, Midvale Steel E. J.Woodison Co., Detroit, Mich.
Co., Philadelphia; J. S. Hibbs, J. W.
Foundrymen 's Association, R. D. Wood T. B. Wood's, Sons Co., Chambersburg, Pa
& Co., Philadelphia. Wyoming Shovel Works, Wyoming, Pa.
Paxson Co., Philadelphia; Wilfred
Lewis, Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadelphia; List of Exhibitors.
Geo. F. Pettinos, Pettinos Bros., Beth- Ajax Metal Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Arcade Mfg. Co., Freeport, 111. Steel Ingots for Guns. Prof. J. 0. Ar-
lehem, Pa.; Wm. H. Ridgway, Craig R. C. Atkins &
Co., Indianapolis, Ind.
nold, of Sheffield University, at the Royal
Ridgway & Son Co., Coatesville, Pa.; Ayer & Lord Tie Co.. Chicago.
Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Institution, said that the managing di-
F. Shepherd, I. A. Shepherd Co.,
L. Chas. H. Besly Co., Chicago. &
S. Birkenstein & Sons, Chicago. rector of Krupps told him that they were
Philadelphia; A. G. Warren, J. W. Pax- Blystone Mfg. Co., Cambridge Springs, Pa. making steel ingots weighing 110 tons
son Co., Philadelphia; and Robert Brass World and Plater's Guide, New York
City. for guns by the crucible process evolved
Wetherill, Jr., Robert Wetherill & Co., Brown Specialty Machinery
Chester, Pa. Buch Foundry Equipment
Co., Chicago.
Co., Bridgeport, 175 years ago by an Englishman Benja^
Pa, min Huntsman. Neither the Germans nor
Buckeye Products Co., Cincinnati, O.
For the Devotees of Golf Carborundum Co., Niagara Palls, N.Y. the Americans could produce the Sheffield
Cataract Refining & Mfg. Co., Buffalo, N.Y.
To afford the visiting foundrymen an Charles J. Clark. Chicago.
white crucible, however. That was a sec-
opportunity to indulge in the favorite Clark Foundry Co., Rumford, Me. ret handed down from father to son in
Clearfield Machine Shops. Clearfield, Pa.
pastime of golf, special arrangements Cleveland Automatic Machine Co., Cleveland, Sheffield. In the North of England they
have been made with the Country Club O. were making ingots weighing 150 tons,
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co.. Cleveland. O.
of Atlantic City for the use of its course Clipper Belt Lacer Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. and there were 12,000-ton presses squeez-
Geo. P. Clark Co., Windsor Locks, Conn.
at Northfield, N.J. This feature is in Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N.J. ing out armor plate like cheese.
Radiator and Boiler Manufacture in a Modern Foundry
Staff Article
The production of steam and hot water heating apparatus is a highly specialized devel-
opment in modern iron founding. Systematic care and increasing attention are necesmry for
the continued production of satisfactory work.
In the following article a brief description is
given of a visit to one of those plants which have earned for Canadian manufacturers in this
line, an enviable reputation for quality of product, due to good workmanship and material.
The Grand Trunk Railway System sup- I'quipment as can be adopted where high
plies convenient transportation facilities class repetition work is required.
and the comparatively close proximity of Buildines
such manufacturing centres as Toronto,
Hamilton, Welland, Niagara Falls, and The buildings consist of three princi-
Buffal',). ensures a favorable ir.-p.rket in i)al hays runninu- nortli and south and
should weather conditions interfere with The cupola elevator gear is conveniently fer truck runs on a track across each cr'
its handling in the open. situated in this room and is operated by of the core ovens thus allowingany rack
a 15-horse power motor. Electrical en- to be put into any oven, and when dried,
Cupola Installation ergy is obtained from Niagara Falls, the to be placed in any desired position, in
The cupola is installed at the east end shop equipment including a transformer the storage space, where the cores are
of the cross aisle and ample space is set which supplies 3-phrase 25-cycle cur- arranged on frames for transference to
provided to allow of safe and rapid hand- rent at a pressure of 550 volts. the moulding department.
ling of the ladles. Close to the cupola is Owing to the liigb grade i)f work re- Modern Methods
the blower room in which is a large quired, metal patterns are used almost As would be expected in a plant
of tliis
"Connersville" blower of ample capa- exclusively. After the coj'cs are formed description, moulding machines are large-
city, belt driven by a 50-horse power of specially prepared sand, they are ly used. Fig. 2 showing one type of ma-
motor. Two belt driven air compressors placed on trucks with suitable bodies cliiiie which is simple, strong, accurate,
supply compressed air for hoists, etc. and run into the drying ovens. A trans- and quick. Fig. 3 shows a view in the
dej^free of accuracy have been designed with a minimum of $1 for the round trip, largely on the composition of the steel.
and built in the plant. going and returning via the same route In ordinary carbon steels a high resis-
As can be observed in photo,^raph, only; tickets to be sold and good going tance to wear (18 to 20) corresponded
Fig'. 5, the machine consists of two car- September 25 to 27, and returning to with a high hardness number (720),
riages, each of which carries two spindles. reach original starting point not later whereas, in manganese steels having a
One of the carriages is rigid while the than October 5. relatively low hardness number (241 to
other is adjustable along: the ways in the The passenger associations which have 280), the resistance to wear was extreme-
foreground of the picture. Tiie mach- granted this concession and the terri- ly high (27 to 30).
ine shown has an adjustment of from tories covered are as follows: In the wear test it was found that the
20 inches to 45 inches between centres New England Passenger Association. effect of the vibrations of the wearing
of spindles, sufficient to handle all or- New England States. ring on the wear was very marked, so
dinary radiator sections. Eastern Canadian Passenger Associa- that it was difficult to repeat the tests.
Radiator Assembly
tion.
'Canada east of and including At the suggestion of the Committee, de-
Port Arthur, Ont.; Sault Ste. Marie, signs for a wear testing machine are be-
The threaded nipple system of con- Ont., and and Detroit Rivers.
St. Clair ing prepared, in which it is hoped that
struction is used exclusively in the com- Central Passenger Association. West this difficulty will be overcome.
National
pany's radiators, making it thereby pos- of Buffalo, N.Y.; Pittsburgh, Pa.; Wheel- Physical Laboratory Sectional Report.
sible to produce tighter joints with less
ing, Parkers'burg and Huntington, W.
possibility of damage to the castings
Va., to and including Chicago, 111., and
than when the push nipple joint is used.
St. Louis, Mo., and north of the Ohio GOLD OUTPUT INCREASES
The method involves the use of tie
latter River, including Cincinnati, 0.; Louis- THE Department of Mines reports that
rods or braces, which are unsightly when ville, Ky., and Cairo, 111. the total gold output in Ontario for the
used externally, and interfere with the Soutii-eastern Passenger Association. six months ending June 30, 1915, amount-
circulation when used internally. Fur- South of the Ohio and Potomac and east ed to $3,570,072. Last year the value of
thermore, is an easy matter to dis-
it of the Mississippi Rivers. the output was $2,011,069. Of the total
semble- a threaded nipple for repairs,
whereas a push nipple joint can only be
Western Passenger Association. West yield for the half year, $3,2fi7,f>20 was
of Chicago, 111.; Peoria, 111., and St. mined in Porcupine. This shows that
separated at considerable risk of dam- Louis, Mo., to and including Denver, the output from the Porcupine mines is
age to sound parts of the radiator. As
Colo., and Cheyenne, Wyo. growing, and if maintained will show a
a result of this method of construction,
South-western Passenger Association. 50 per cent, increase over the vield for
anv, sections fail when the final
few,
hydraulic
if
test is applied to the as-
^South-west of St. Louis, Mo., includ- 1914.
ing Texas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Mis- The department reports progress in
sembled unit.
souri, south of the Missouri River, Louis- many of the mining districts, and says
Conditions rendeO' the use of push
iana, west of the Mississippi River, and that the prospects for a large output oi
nipples desirable in the construction of irold ore from these mines are very
Mexico.
steam and hot water boiler of which briglit. Some of the mines m.entioned
Transcontinental Passenger Associa-
this firm has a large output. Pusli
nipples of the spherical type as used by
tion.
Pacific Coast and other far West- are: The Huronia at Kirkland Lake,
ern territory not otherwise covered by Lake eamjis, Munro camps,
'ioodifish
the company allow the component parts Howard's Falls (Kow Kash).
the foregoing.
of a boiler to adjust themselves in use
so that undue strains are avoided and
^
The output of silver continues to dim-
inish.There is a difference of $1,864,655
leakage entirely
all possibility of is
HARDNESS AND WEARING TESTS between the output of 1914 and the de-
prevented. OF METALS creased output for the half year of 1915.
A well equipped machine shop and tool
AT the suggestion of the Hardness Nickel has been mined more extensively.
room are, as might be expected, a neces- Tests Research Committee of the Insti- Compared with the pt'evious year, the
sary adjunct of such a plant, and eon- tution of Mechanical Engineers, some \'alue of the nickel mined has increased
tribute to that quality of product for comparisons of the results of the differ- 18 per cent., and that of copper 2 per
which the company have earned quite an ent methods of testing the hardness and cent.
enviable reputation. wearing properties of metals have been The figures foi- tl'e six months in 1915
made, using specimens sn))plied by Sir and 1914 are, respectively: Gold $3,-
duced rate in effect. The passenger "Brinell" hardness number and the and Ray Consolidated reported small in-
rates which will be charged are as fol- resistance to wear (as siven by tlie re- creases.
lows: ciprocal of the wear in ten-thousandths As a result of development work, the
Two cents per mile in each direction, of an inch multiplied by 1,000), depends Anaconda (Uitput for several months
past has not been up to normal. There dated fund expenditures were $135,523,- ernment has provided for a bounty of lYz
was an increase of 700,000 pounds in its 206, and on capital account, $107,389,303. cents per gallon on oil recovered from oil
output in August, 'but the company is Under the heading of war outlays, $60,- shales in Canada. The distillation of
still running' two to three million pounds 750,476 was spent up to the end of the oil shales in Scotland has been for many
a month below normal. fiscal year. On public works, including years a and flourishing in-
successful
The various copper companies are railways and canals, $41,447,320 was ex- dustry. New Brunswick shales are on
alive to the fact that present operations pended, and for railway subsidies $5,- the average richer than the Scotch shales.
do not warrant a heavy increase in cop- 191,507. The total domestic production of petro-
per output, and should production run The revenue was made up as follows: leum is now under eight million gallons,,
much above consumptive requirements, 'Customs, $75,941,219; excise, $21,479,- while last year imports of gasoline to-
a curtailment would not be surprising. 730; post office, $13,046,664; public talled 27,451,379 gallons, and of petro-
Copper producers say that the situa- works, including railways and canals, leum in other forms over 200,000,000 gal-
tion is encouraging and that consump- $12,953,487; miscellaneous, $9,652,379. Ions.
tion can well take care of present pro- The August financial statement places
duction. There has been some unsettle- the revenue at $19,240,844, an increase
ment as a result of the violent drop in of $44,000 over August, 1914. For the MELTING FURNACE DATA
foreigTi exchange, but a readjustment is first five months of the present fiscal IN the course of a paper read before the-
looked for by the trade within the next year, the aggregate receipts have been British Foundrymen's Association, F. C.
two or three weeks. Europe has not been $60,089,196, a decrease of $200,000. Barker referred to the various forms of
buying much copper, on account of the The August postal revenue doubles tilting type coke-fired furnace, both
lower exchange rates, but is expected to that of 1914 and amounts to $1,899,779. those heated on the regenerative system
enter the market for large tonnages on Likewise public works, railways and and ordinary firing. He specified one of
any satisfactory adjustment of exchange. canals revenue increased in August. the former in which the furnace body
A decrease is shown in expenditures consists of two light steel shells, one
on consolidated fund in the five months within the other, the grate-bars being
DOMINION ROYAL COMMISSION of the fiscal year of about four million carried within the inner body and a pre-
THE Dominion Royal Commission, of dollars. This year's total under that heater being fitted above. The working
which Sir George E. Foster is a memlber, head is $38,870,712. results for this furnace are given for the
has just issued the last of its publica- On capital account, the five months' 400 lb. size as follows: Time of melting-
tions dealing with the trade conditions expenditure totals $13,898,659. The net 8y2 hours; average metal to coke 5 lb. or
G lb. to 1 lb.; life of crucible 60 heats.
and resources of the Overseas Dominions. debt on August 31 was $472,408,885, an
This report deals with the evidtnce taken increase of $140,000,000. For another furnace of the same gen-
by the Commission in the Maritime Temporary loans of $145,940,000 are eral construction, but without pre-heat-
Provinces of Canada just before the oat- largely for war purposes. The note cir- ing for the air, the following results
break of war last year. Prominence is culation in the year was $152,065,684, an were attained from practical foundry
given to the evidence taken in t!ie Mari- increase of $38,000,000. working over a period of 12 months:
time Provinces relative to the need of 450 lb. size furnace, average life of cru-
a fast mail service betwee." Halifax and cible 50 heats, coke consumption 4 to 1;
the United Kingdom ports, and to t'ne de- 250 lb. size furnace, average life of cru-
sirability of improved Imperial cable CANADA'S GAS AND OIL RE- cible 60 heats, coke consumption 6 to 1.
communications. SOURCES. Compared with coke-fired pit furnaces,,
was pointed out forcibly before the
It THE Mines Department, under the direc- these tilting furnaces show a saving or
Commission that, although the Halifax tion of Dr. Eugene.Haanel, has completed 50 per cent, in crucibles, and 50 per cent,
route was much shorter, the New York a comprehensive and exhaustive investi- in coke, while the amount of ash, owing-
ships were much faster, so that mails gation of the oil and gas resources of the combustion of the fuel, is
to the better
were distributed in Canada two days Dominion, and it will.be issued shortly less by 80 per cent. The first-mentioned
earlier by the New York route. One to in book form. Tlie work of investigation of these furnaces can be adapted to burn
two days could be saved with list ships has been carried on for the past year or crude oil.
between Liverpool and Halifax, and so by a field survey staff under Mr.
Oil fuel has several distinct advant-
mails for Australia and New Zealand Clapp. one of the ablest petroleum ex-
aues. The furnace can be started up
could be carried on an all-red route perts of the United States. The Alberta
directly the oil and air jets are opened
across Canada. An Imperial subsidy was oil fields has been thoroushly gone over
u]i. One man can Icok after several
suogested, based on the speed of the and, while no large producing wells have
furnaces. There is no cleaning out of
steamers. yet been developed, promising indica-
the furnace at the end of the day, and
The proposal for improved cable fa- tions have been found of the existence of
little storage room is required. The-
as reported by the 'Commission,
cilities, petroleum in several districts in the
furnaces require no stoking or poking,
was that one of the existing cables across Province.
and the melting can be conducted in a
the Atlantic be leased and linked up A considerable portion of the report
reducins' atmosphere. A long life is as-
with the Pacific cable by a Canadian deals with the commercial possibilities of
sured to the crucibles, and a wide range-
land line. the development of the extensive and
of temperatures can be obtained.
rich oil shale deposits of New Brunswick.
DOMINION REVENUE
Tf these deposits are exploited it is be-
lieved that a great industry can be built
THE Department of Finance issued on up. and a substitute found in Canada for If a good piece of work has been done
September 10 the revised financial state- the large quantities of petroleum and its by an individual or department, an ex-
ment for the last fiscal year, to2;ether derivatives now annually imported from pression of satisfaction will do a world'
with the statement for August and the the United States. of good. This requires a little giving on
first five months of the current year. So important are these deposits and so the part of the employer, but it is not
The total revenue to the end of the great is the market for petroleum pro-
an expense it is merely placing credit
fiscal year was .$133,078,48L Consoli- ducts in Canada, that the Federal Gov- where it is due.
Casting Steel Ingots for Production of 4.5 H. E. Shells
Staff Article
With a view to securing an increased output of 4.5 high explosive shells, cast steel billets
are noiu being produced in our steel foundries through the medium of ingot m.oulds.
Although in the earlier stages of the process considerable trouble and difficulty were met
with, these have now been overcome and, in the particular plant under review, an output of
over 4,000 shell blanks each 24:-hour day is being achieved and continuously maintained.
WONDERFUL developments have frogs, switches, diamonds, intersections, Mould Drying and Pouring.
been, and are
still taking place etc. Vanadium steel is prominent in all
After the moulds are made they are
in the iron and steel industry products where great strength is desired.
taken on trucks to a battery of drying
throughout the Dominion of Canada. The plant is located about a quarter ovens equipped with "Kinnear" rolling
While the manufacture of iron eastings of a mile from the St. Lawrence river
'
doors. Following the drying, the moulds
has for the most part in the past occu- and about a mile east of Montreal city are removed to the casting floor and
pied the attention of foundrymen, that boundary. The buildings are of struct- placed in readiness for pouring. Two
of steel castings is of comparatively re- ural steel and brick, erected on concrete 35-ton and three 24-ton steel ladles
cent date. foundations. A detail description of the built by the John McDougall Caledon-
Prominent among Canadian concerns constructional features was given in our ian Iron Works, are used in transferr-
engaged in this production is to be noted October, 1912, issue of Canadian Foun- ing the molten steel from the furnaces
the Canadian Steel Foundries, Ltd., of dryman. to the waiting moulds. One 20-ton Dom-
Montreal, etc. This company which
The Steel Foundry. inion Bridge Co., and two "Morgan"
was organized in 1910, have a large cranes of 30 and 40-ton capacity trans-
plant located at Longue Pointe on the This building is 436 feet long and has
port the above mentioned ladles.
outskirts of Montreal, for the express a width of 264 feet. It consists of five
purpose of manufacturing steel castings sections there being an aisle across one Fettling Shop.
of almost any size or shape, the mean- end of the shop.
When the castings are sufficiently set
time capacity being something over 3,000 The openhearth charging stock is
they are shaken out and removed to the
tons per month. brought into the shop and taken to the
fettling shop which comprises the aisle
The output had however been more or furnaces by a Morgan 5-ton, four motor
at the end of the foundry. Here a vari-
less restricted for some time owing to high type charging machine. The two ety of equipment prepares the easting
the generally prevailing industrial de- 25-ton acid furnaces, using oil fuel, are
for machining by removing all gates,
pression, but, on the
advent of shell of the most modern design and construc-
This aisle is served by a 15-ton
fins, etc.
making, so great was the impetus im- tion, and should the oil fuel fail or be
Dominion Bridge Co. and a 30-ton "Mor-
parted through the demand for shell cut off a gas producer is arranged as a
gan" crane as well as by a "Whiting"
steel billets, the plant is now running standby.
electric travelling wall jib crane. A
night and day to meet the new situation The first aisle on the east side is
general view of this floor is shown in
and at the same time do justice to its equipped with a 20-ton Dominion Bridge Fig. 1.
regular lines, among the latter of which Co. crane and also a 30-ton "Morgan"
Billets for Shell Production.
may be mentioned locomotive frames, crane, while jib cranes fitted with air
wheel centers, engine castings, high car- hoists are on each side of every aisle for Owing to the great difficulty on the
bon rolls, dredge buckets, etc. A spe- handling the flasks and moulds, all of the part of many plants in obtaining rolled
cialty is made of all kinds of steam and flasks being of heavy cast steel and in steel billets for the production of shrap-
electric railway track work, such as a variety of shapes and sizes. nel and liigh explosive sliells required
160 CA N A D I A N r UN 1) RY ]\I AN
FIG. 2. FILLING BOTTOM POURING L.\DLE .\T 0PEN-H1':.A.KTH FUKNACE. duced, it was the custom to stand them
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 161
up by the crane and taken to a position heat by heavy blue glass goggles. The
in hit-and-miss fashion about the floor.
This method was found unsatisfactory, directly over the revolving table. When entire heat of around 25 tons is run off
however, as the crane operator had con- the proper location is found and the first in about one hour.
FIG. 7. SHAKING OUT THE INGOTS, SEVERAL OF WHICH MAY BE SEEN AGAINST THE TABLE,
,, - '
Hect Oe scrip Dio Area E/asfic J/'fn/T Mat Strength E/ongatio/7 tfficd 4^iitteMs/\fi Che/n/ca.' /jno/ysis \
tiotj.^ actt/a/ pet Sq./h acTi/ot per S(f. ih in h>erce/if. dia area Yo tor Phcs Man Sut Si /a.
, ,y
/ ai-9
22.3
N<V' 4/.
4a.o
6
V
\-
SP.6
26-3
41
.40
.036 .85 .032 .30
.036 .87 .034 .27
Sometimes however, it is necessary to for a portion equal to about 1-6 of the Inspection.
lut luguu a blow
LUC ingot
juu the u^^r, with
.r*...^ a
c sledge.
o.^^^^v.. If
^^ (ivoss SBctional area to be left in the The broken apart by laying
billets are
they do not come out with the sledge centre, so that, when broken apart it can across a 3 X 4 block and striking with a
treatment they are
"'
sledge. The crop end
taken to a "Bert- is returned to the
ram" horizontal hy- furnace for remelting
draulic press and and the billets again
forced out. inspected for defects.
Occasionally an in- If rejected at this
got seizes in the stage they are stamp-
mould, and when this ed with the letter R.
happens the contrac- The buttons are re-
tion will cause the moved by planing or
metal of the mould to shaping, or, if very
crack in one or more shallow, by grinding.
places; however, the Two sample ingots
loss in this respect is are taken from each
very slight, being less heat for analysis.
than 3 per cent. The Drillings are also
walls are left thick taken for tests of car-
enough to withstand bon, sulphur, phos-
the action of the phorus and mangan-
heated metal, be- ese. The carbon test
FIG. 10. p.\Tii:i;.\ 111. I/Ai:ge iierrixg-koxe gear.
cause, if too thin, the is derived by combus-
molten steel would tend to heat ti in, as the color test gives only
the mould so rapidly that the an approximation.Chemical
two surfaces would incline to and physical tests are made of
weld together. After the in- each heat by the works chemist,
gots are shaken out, they are also by the Government chem-
inspected for defects, such as ist, and records of tliese are
fractures "piping," etc. The preserved. One of these re-
life of the average mould is cord slips is shown in Fig. 9.
cult to produce
Proper Material Necessary.
a structure, or the
Regarding Class A, the selection of analysis that is
suitable material is all important, no necessary for good
subsequent care in manufacture or ser- A riG. 1. r. service, but a fair
vice being able to prevent the develop- CLOSE EVEN GRAIN. OPEN IRREGULAR GRAIN. iron may be pro-
ment of defects due to improper com- good mixture is 33 per cent, pig iron, 10 duced by using 30 pig, 20 per cent, steel
position. The American Foundryman's per cent, steel and 57 per cent, selected boiler plate, rails or spring steel (this is
Association recommends the followins scxap'. Additions of ferro-manganese, to reduce the total carbon and close the
analysis: which is used as a deoxidize)', say, 3 lbs. grain) and 50 per cent, cast scrap. The
Per Cent. of 80 per cent, alloy to 1,100 lbs. of method of working out the analysis is
Silicon 1.50 to 2.00 metal, may be put in the ladle to give shown in Fig. 2. Mixtures are given for
Sulphur, under .08 greatest efficiency. A test bar from this air furnace and cupola iron.
Phosphorus 0.30 to 0.50 mixture 1^4 i^- diameter, cast vertically Having obtained suitable material, the
Manganese 0,40 to 0.60
Total carbon low.
Mixture for Air Furnace.
As far as general results are con- Charge % Silicon % Mangan % . Sulphur % Phosp
cerned, any close-grained iron compara- Mixture. lbs. % .Silicon lbs. Mangan. lbs. Sulpluir lbs. Phosp. lbs.
Pig iron . . . 4,000 33. .33 2.00 80.00 0..50 20.00 O.02 0,.0 0.20 8.00
tively free from oxides w-ill do, but the Srr.Tp 8,000 66.66 1.75 140.00 0.40 32.00 0.12 9.60 0.60 48.00
Ferro JInng. 20 80.00 16.00
best results can only be obtained from
close-grained rings with the following 12,000 100.00 220.00 (!. . 00 10.40 56.00
Gross percentage l.f^3 0.56 0.08 '
0.46
composition Estimatetl loss by oxidization 20% .30% 0.01 gain from fuel
Per Cent. Estimated net percentage 147 0.3 0.09 o'ie'
Net percentage analysis 1.30 0.42 0.078 0.42
Silicon from 1 .20 to 1.30
By analysis
Sulphur under .08 Graphite carbon 2.44
("Dnibiiiertcarbon 0.72
Phospliorus under .45
Manganese .40 Total carbon 3.16
Mixture for Cupola.
Graphitic carbon 2.30 %
Charge % Silicon ','f .Mangan. Sulphur Phosp.
Coml)ined carbon 0.70 Mixture. lbs. % Silicon lbs. Mangan.
"' lbs. Sulphur
0.02
lbs. Phosp.
0.18
lbs.
2.70
Pig iron . . l,.5O0 .30.00 2.23 33.75 0..50 7. .50 0..30
Total carbon 3.00 Steel scrap. , i.oon 20.00 0.02 0.20 0.40 4.00 0.04 0.40 0.04 0.40
Cast scrap. 2..500 .50.00 1.75 43.75 0.40 10. 00 0.12 3.00 O.CO 15.00
makes a satisfactory
,
in a green sand mould, but if the per- ling on a little roller and the eight sec-
supply of oil is controlled by the steam
centage of silicon be increased to 1.60, tions of the mandrel being held in place pressure, consequently it is left to the
and the total carbon slightly increased, by a spring. The present method has engineer to "crack the throttle" on a
a good ring will be obtained with cor-
proved more satisfactory. down grade so as to maintain sufficient
rectly tempered sand. It is also best to
The increased cost of the foundry oil supply to the cylinder.
use a metal pattern. In casting singly, a
l)vaetice (10 cents per ring, in the case The methods of supplying oil to the
horn gate is used, as sliown in sketeli
of the single cast ring, as against 40 cylinders vary. In some engines the oil
Fig. .3, which collects all the dirt ac-
is admitted to the steam pipes just pre-
cumulated during pouring. cents per tub making ten rings), in the
vious to entering the valve, in others to
the live steam valve passages themselves
and in a few cases to the cylinders di-
rect, at a point in the middle of the
stroke and as near the top as possible.
Some of the methods in use are:
(a)
One feed per steam chest, admit-
ting the oil into the steam channel near
the steam chest.
(b) One feed per steam chest, admit-
tins- oil into the centre of the steam
chamber.
(e)
Two feeds per steam chest, one
near each admission point.
(d)
Three feeds per steam chest, one
in the centre of the steam chamber, and
one at each end near the admission
FIG. 4. I.MPUQVED DESIGN OF EXrANDING CHUCK. ports, each point of delivery having an
individual lubricator feed.
The object in casting single rings is to one case is counter-balanced by the de-
obtain a denser and harder iron due to creased cost of machining, and in the Methods of Lubrication.
the chilling effect of the sand, and the other case vice versa, whereas in the The correct way would be directly to
small body of metal compared with a tub case of the single ring we have better the top of the cylinders, as it has been
and lastly to reduce to a minimum the material. In both instances a ring costs found in three cases out of five that the
amount of metal to be machined off, so about 40 cents for labor. most wear occurs at this point. It is all
CANADIAN F UN DRY MA N 165
the more necessary to select the best ring springing up tight to the cylinder rise to the top and when cool, the slag
method of lubrication, because the qual- walls, and admits of a leakage of, some of the plaster of Paris can be easily de-
ity and quantity of oil supplied to rail- say, as much as 200 to 300 lbs. of water tached by a few 'blows of a hammer.
road engineers is standardized and per hour. Remelting will produce good castings.
strictly limited to a minimum allowance, Practical Points. It not practicable to melt metal as
is
according to the type of engine and Some companies claim thtit they are i'or iron as it would be too much exposed
class of work. getting their ringsmore uniformly lubri- to the air and would be sure to al)sorb
In the case of an engine having cylin- cated by altering the section of the ring, some injurious gases.
ders 21 inches diameter by 28 inches
stroke, with driving wheels 75 inches
as in sketch, Fig. 5, thus cutting off all
sharp corners and allowing the oil to
diameter, travelling at an average speed get under the ring instead of being EFriCIENT USE OF LABOR IN
of 50 miles per hour, the allowance scraped off ahead of the piston. THE FOUNDRY
might be, say, one pint of oil for every The best practice shows that the
75 miles. The foregoing dimensions and
By J. S.
bushing must not vary out of round
speed figure out at a piston travel of more than 1-16 inch, and the piston dia- SINCE the war began the writer has
fully 1,000 feet per minute, so that un- meter must not vary more than Yg inch worked four foundries, all of which
in
less all factors which influence the life from the cylinder diameter. After the have experienced the so-called shortage
of a piston ring are properly taken care piston ring grooves in piston head have of labor. In such cases the employer's
of, the life of the piston ring may easily first thought should be as to whether he
lieen worn 1-16 inch, a different sized
be shortened to an unsatisfactory min- ring is put in and, as the groove in- could increase the output of the men
imum. creases in size, the rings are increased without overtaxing their strength, by
The amount of wear in rings varies by 1-16 in., until the original size has supplying the materials to enable them
from .06 inch to .19 inch for 10.000 to to work quickly, but how many firms
been exceeded by 3-16 inch, then the pis-
80,000 miles, and the greatest wear oc- ton is scrapped. give their moulders or coremakers even
currs opposite the split. Just what ef- all the tackle that should be regarded as
Recently some engines were giving
fect an eccentric ring, having uniform necessary?
trouble with their rings making only
expansive pressure, would have on this
about 300 miles before they had to be There are some, but very few founders
wear has not been determined, as the
renewed. The pistons were changed and who realize that a man cannot make his
other variables have been too great, but work safe and sound without the neces-
the rings made their average mileage.
there is no doubt the wear would be sary tackle, and, moreover, they ignore
much more uniform. the fact that tackle needs overhauling
BRASS MELTING QUERY ANSWER. and repairing or replacing at times.
Effect of Superheat.
There are few firms who keep a man to
The effect of the
high temperature of FROM the information given in the
The foreman or
attend to the latter.
superheated steam is to weaken the cast "Brass Melting Query" which appeared
charge hand is perhaps supposed to do
iron, causing the rings to lose in a recent issue, it is somewhat
their this, but the numerous other duties that
spring. Experiments have shown that difficult to give a very intelligent answer
keep him fully occupied, such as loading
a superheat of 119 deg. F. is sufficient to as it not stated whether the metals
is
and unloading moulding boxes off the
decrease the strength 9 per cent., and are new or
scrap. From the facts at
stove carriage, finding places to drop
when steel is heated to a maximum tem- hand, however, it would seem that some
of the metals have an excess of dross
them so that they can be cored up and
perature of 400 to 650 deg. F. and
cast, giving jobs out, getting castings out,
stressed sufficient to create 1 per cent, or slag.
finding the defects and cause of bad
distortion, its brittleness is increased
As regards using
charcoal as a flux, I
ones, pouring metal when casting time
about 33 per cent. Now, if we use a might say that charcoal is used as a
covering only to protect the metal from comes round, and other items too numer-
cast iron possessing characteristics some-
the air, and has no other effect on the
ous to mention that do not come under
what resembling those of steel, which is the heading of moulding or core-making,
stronger and therefore less liable to fail- metal. Salt is a great help in melting
allow him little time for systematic at-
ure, are we not making an improvement brass, but should be used at the proper
tention to the men's tackle.
in our piston rings? time, that is, just as the first metal
The grade of oil used is necessarily begins to melt. A handful of salt to As an instance, two moulders were
important and with the moderate super- the ordinary crucible is sufficient. given employment in a certain foundry
heat used in this country, should show The best means to overcome the and were brought to the foreman or
the following characteristics: stated difficulty is to melt metal in cru- charge hand by a clerk from the office.
Flash point, 560 deg. F. cibles and pour it into ingot moulds, They were given a pattern to mould, told
Burning point, 630 deg. F. using plaster of Paris for a flux. This to"get down here," and shown the box
material when so used dissolves all the the easting had to be moulded
in. The
Cold test, 39 deg. F.
Spec. grav. at 60 de?. F., 25 degrees. foreign matter that may be present in foreman then walked away.
'Saponifiable fats, 9.0. the metals in the form of sand, oxide or Now, no doubt, these men were entire
Viscosity at 212 deg. F., 205 units. slag. It forms a very liquid slag and strangers to the place, and perhaps had
With different degrees of superheat has no bad effect on the crucible like not made a casting so heavy for five, ten
different oils must be used, i.e., for high- some fluxes but rather keeps it clean. or twenty years; or, on the other hand,
er superheat, oil with a higher flash and About 5 lbs. of plaster of Paris to 50 they may have just come from a shop
burning point is required. A high lbs. of metal should give good results. where they had been on that class of
superheat oil may be used for moderate It should be mixed with the metal as it work for years. They rammed the bot-
is charged into your crucible.
and low superheat, but the cost would tom part, turned the box over and pro-
be a factor. Melt the metal in the usual manner, ceeded to ram the cores up in green sand.
If the oil carbonizes, there is an ex- and, if the slag is not fluid enough at The pattern was for a bed plate of 3 to
cess of incrustation, which is equivalent the conclusion of the melt, add more 4 tons weight, made as a shell pattern to
to erit, as it causes abrasion. Then plaster of Paris. Do not attempt to leave its own cores. This system needs a
again, some tests have shown that ex- skim metal when it is ready, but pour good, strong cast-iron grid to carry the
cessive incrustation interferes with the into ingot moulds. The slag will all body of sand in the lift, but the men had
JG6 CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
to make shift with any old cast-iron grid of the finished outside diameter of the ounee of her strength if she hopes to
that they could find or make suitable, and forging to the diameter of the stock.. win out decisively over Prussian mili-
these were mostly in halves or with prod's The diameter of the stock may be safely tary preparedness. The formation of
off, staples missing', etc., all of which increased IV/2 times. In the first opera- the coalition war cabinet, with David
entailed more loose wrought irons. tion, the end of the stock is pierced and Lloyd George as war munition secre-
In cases like this, where the proper spread; in the second operation the up- tary, charged witii providing the forces
tackle is missing, the moulders often set end of the stock is partly formed in at the front with the necessary equip-
"risk it," and frequently there is a mis- a way which prepares for the tliird and ment in required quality and quantitj-,
hap, but who is to blame, the moulder for finishing operation the exact amount of lias brought about a new spirit, and the
not using tackle which he had not, and metal required, so that the piece finishes Britishers are beginning to see that not
although probably using his best endeav- without any flash to be trimmed in a only the soldiers on the firing line, but
ors to make the best of a bad job? final operation. The tliird operation in- the whole nation must work and work
A moulder or core-maker who has ac-
quired the methods of one firm is often
not allowed to try them in another shop.
In many jobs there is an alternative way
that could well be adopted; but it makes
a sensible man very cautious in follow-
ing methods he considers best wlien tlie
foreman, after the job is well started,
pouneeo down upon him with "have you
done this," or "don't do that," and
finally orders the job to be started all
over aga-n on the customary methods of
the firiii (which, ap a rule, are the fore-
man's methods) though there may per-
haps be no better way than that fcljowed
by the new hand. Foundry Trade
Journal.
OC'CASIONAL reports, chiefly from cation, and a high class engineering point of view, they would not be so dis-
Belgium, that the Germans were plant and any resourceful man will posed to condemn offhand a product
using cast iron shells, have given produce a formidable gun with his per- which represents the application of
rise to discussions on the merits of sonal experience and skill. The know- so much specialized knowledge and
forged steel and cast iron as materials ledge of ammunition manufacture, how- labor.
for shell bodies. ever, has for obvious reasons never been Steel Maker's Troubles.
A momentary' consideration of the re- so widespread and available as that of
The steel maker is not desirous of los-
quirements which must be met by either guns. Even now with all their experi-
ing the profit as well as the actual cost
shrapnel or explosive shells is sufficient ence in shell work many producers have
of shell forgings which develop defects
to make it obvious even to the lay mind still to develop that patriotic interest in
in course of machining. Government and
why cast iron is quite unsuited for shell their product which is necessary to make
them appreciate the strict inspection, personal inspection of material in all
bodies except under extreme conditions
and which would cause many so-called stages of manufacture is planned and
such as now seem most unlikely to arise
hai'dships to be viewed in their true carried out with the object of insuring
so far as the Allies are concerned. The
light of precautions instead of being perfect material and workmanship.
purpose of shrapnel is to destroy men;
looked upon as hindrances to profit ac- The results of Sir Robert Hadfield's
the purpose of lyddite and other high
cumulation. investigations are of prime importance
explosive shells is to destroy the de-
at this time. Steel whieli has been cast
fences of the enemy so that infantry
Rigid Inspection for Shells. in ingots by ordinary methods may ap-
may attack. Entrenchments, fortifica-
entanglements and other devices
A true appreciation of the painstaking pear perfectly sound wliih^ not actually
tions,
for defence are of such an effective
care and watchful economy which is so
it may be rolled into billets it may
nature that they must be literally blasted
necessary in producing shells at the
be forged into shells and at all stages
present moment can only be obtained up to heat treating it may pass all phy-
off the face of the earth before the op-
by a close study of the entire proeess- sical tests satisfactorily with the one
posing infantry can get into contact
from the time the iron ore enters the possible exception of an examination of
with each other. A hail of leaden bul-
lets from shrapnel shell, no matter how
fierce, has little or no effect on modern
field works, corisequentiy a copious
stream of explosive shells must be dis-
tributed over the desired area so as to
render the success of an infantry attack
reasonably certain. Explosive shells
which burst on contact may be used with
delayed fuses, which allow a suitable
space of time for the shell to sink into
earth works to a desired depth, when
the explosion of the charge resembles
that of a mine. The immense hollows
PIG. 1. DEFECXIS IN S'HEDL FORGINGS.
in the 2Tound formed by the large siege
guns firing half a ton of explosive are
furnace until it leaves the muzzle of the the microstructure. After an ingot is
sufficient evidence of the power of high
gun as a While the actual com-
shell. cast, it not again heated to a high
is
explosive ammunition. The disastrous
position of the steel is decided on and enough temperature to cause the removal
results which would ensue from such an
controlled by a limited number of indi- of piping defects, consequently the lack
occurrence taking place in the barrel of
viduals, the mechanical and thermal of what may be termed' "cohesive den-
a gun render necessary the absolute
treatment of the material is being per- sity" persists in the metal till such
soundness of shell forgings, whether
formed by thousands of individuals, the time as it is finally heat treated.
shrapnel or explosive.
majority of whom endeavor to effect
every possible economy in time and
When Defects Appear.
Absolutely Safe Guns.
mateirial. That considerable economy At this stage of manufacture hitherto
The absolute strength and safety of
in material has been accomplished is unnoticed defects in shrapnel forgings,
modern guns has been a wonder and
evident from published results obtained occasionally begin to appear. Flaws of
mystery to the majority of laymen for
by a leading English metallurgist. various kinds become quite evident, al-
many years; consequently the guns
Losses of 40 per cent, liave been re- though the most careful inspection be-
themselves have been discussed much duced to 15 per cent, with very little in- fore heat treating failed to reveal the
more frequently than has the ammuni- crease in cost, and no decrease in quality. slightest evidence. This trouble has
tion until the outbreak of hostilities. The amount of labor lost on partly ma- caused considerable loss to both steel
Given good average m.aterial such as chined shrapnel forcing's has been quite works and manufacturers, and the fact
is procurable in the open market at the an item, but if sliell makers calmly con- that it has occurred in spite of all in-
present moment, a good engineering edu- sidered the matter from the steel makers spection, etc., would indicate that the
168 CANADIAN FOUNDKYMAN
steel makers are continually confronted Other conditions under which they carbon layers being more elastic would
with a serious problem. The hypotheses would occur would be when the forging accommodate themselves to strains
which the writer advances in explana- shop was working too closely to the brought about by quenching, while the
tion of well-known and recognized de- minimum thickness of base. This would high phosphorus layers owing to their
fects in shell forgings are based on per- be most likely to happen when tlie forge different behaviour, would be subject to
sonal experience in producing many shop was getting low on material and local strains which might develop in the
thousands of shells and the conclusions endeavoring to work in billets which fonn of fissures such as have been ob-
arrived at are offered to manufacturers might be a trifle undersize. served.
in the hope? that a clearer knowledge of Neglect to clean out the piercing die The fact that defects such as these
their cause may assist in timely detec- also causes trouble through scale remain- mentioned can, and do occur in the
tion and, ultimately, their complete ing on the bottom and getting pressed handling of steel forgings, renders it
elimination. into the base. Shells have been observed obvious even to the lay mind, that the-
In Fig. 1 is shown a slirapnel shell with quite large defects from this cir- use of any material which is less reli-
vyith three distinct flaws, which are cumstance, the cavities caused by the able than steel, can only be justified by
due to three entirely different causes. scale or other foreign matter, sometimes the exigencies of the situation.
At A is indicated what is perhaps the extending completely through the base.
commonest flaw. One or more cracks Regarding Cast Iron.
may open up and become visible after Flaws Due to Rolling. The most that can be said for cast
the shell is hardened. They may be only At B, indicated a flaw which
Fig. 1, is iron is that it is better than nothing.
one-eighth inch long, or they may be one occurs previous to forging. In the par- The almost entire absence of elongation
inch and eight. They may be less than ticular shell referred to. this flaw ex- results in such brittleness that in order
one sixty-fourth inch wide, or they may tended from the nose to the driving to be absolutely safe, a cast iron shell
be one-sixteenth inch. While most band groove. About 1-64 inch in width would have walls so thick that the num-
parties who have experienced this it could be felt distinctly with the finger ber of bullets contained would be so
trouble seem agreed that it is developed nail, and, where it terminated at the greatly reduced that the killing powers
in forging-, there has not btien advanced, driving band STOove, it had broken of the shell would be negligible. The
so far as the writer is aware, any definite away on either side leaving a scaley sur- probability of blow holes in the walls
theory which satisfactorily accounts for face exposed. While at first sisht it would disturb the balance of the shell
their occurrence. m.ight be considered due to pipins:, the during flight so as to destroj' all accur-
fact that itwas only 1-16 inch deep, and acj' of fire. The presence of cast iron
A Crack Theory.
did not extend over the base, would in- shells on a modern battlefield indicates
It would seem not improbable that dicate rather the presence of some
two possible contingencies either the :
these cracks are formed when a certain foreit'n substance or material which got demand for shells is so abnormal that
combination of circumstances occurs in worked into tlie bar during rolling opera- a sufficient amount of raw material can
the course of forging operations. In tions, the end of the affected i)art hap- not be obtained, or else the supply of
starting up forging after say a week-end penins: to terminate at the groove as de- steel is somuch below normal that the
stoppage, the drawing punch and dies scribed. normal consumption of shelUs 'cannot
would be well cooled down, while some be met.
Flaws of this kind are not dangerous
pierced billets might be soaking at a
in tlie sense of being concealed or dif- The inference is largely a matter of
high heat. The combination of the cold
ficult of detection. Had there been a degree, but the results cannot be other
punch inside, and cold dies outside would
smaller amount of foreign matter rolled tlian favorable to the cause of the
chill the walls of the forgings much into the bar, it would have been entirely Allies.
more quicklv than after runnin? steadily
removed in machinins:, but an internal
for some time. The probability of an
flaw due to lack of homogeneity in the
extra long billet would call for extra
ingot could quite well remain undetected
MUNITIONS INVENTION COM-
power, causing excessive tension in the
at all stages of the work.
MITTEE
metal on the outer layers of the base,
THE Minister of Munitions has consti-
which as susrgested might possibly be Fissures.
tuted a Munitions Inventions Branch of
at a rather hish heat. While a rupture
At C, Fig. 1, are indicated a number the Ministry, and has appointed as
miaht take place at this time, it would
of minute hair-like cracks or fissures Comptroller" E. W. Moir, M. Inst. C.E.,
not weld together again, but the close
from one-quarter to three-quarters of an M. Am. Soc. C. E. The branch, which for
contact of the surfaces due to shrinkage
incli in length. In some particular the present is located in Armament
would conceal the defect until the ten-
makes of forgings these fissures would Building's, Whitehall-place, will have the
sion induced in tlie outer layers by their
be quite numerous. Their behavior was duty of considering projects for inven-
sudden contraction when quenched, would
similar to flaws A, with the difference tions relating to munitions for warfare
open them sufficiently to make their
that they were more noticeable when the on land, or matters appertaining there-
presence noticeable.
shells were ground instead of turned. At to. The Comptroller and staff of the
Forgings, in which the thickness of
ore period in the business, considerable branch will be assisted in their work of
the base was well oversize, would be
trouble was experienced with hard examination, and, if thought necessary,
more or less immune from this trouble.
streaks which were attributed to segre- in the investigation and development of
not only because the extra metal would
gation of manganese. While oppor- any projects that may be considered
provide increased resistance to rupture
tunity did not afford fu'l investigation worthy of being developed, by a panel of
while passing through the drawing die,
at the time, the conclusion was ac^'epted honorary scientific and other experts.
but also because the extra metal is re-
moved from the outside of the bore a'^ probable.
It is shown by the following detail of the research work carried out by the author during
recent years that there is no necessity for unsound material being produced for either rail or
shell purposes, slight, but highly important changes in procedure reducing losses to zero.
1 represents two 18-in. ingots ingots were taken (weighing about 3,600 surely apparent why an ingot
readily
FIG.made by the Hadfield system, Lbs. each), each of which had the sand which not fed must perforce be de-
is
weighing about 2% tons each. head and the writer's method of feeding ficient in homogeneity.
These ingots were cast with the small carried out on them. After the ingots There is, of course, a certain amount
end up, as in ordinary practice. The had cooled down, the hollows or cavities of feeding effect from the steel in the
photograph is interesting, as it gives an in the sand heads were filled with water, upper portion of the ordinary ingot, but
excellent view of the cavity produced by then the water was poured out and care- this is not done efficiently, as the steel
the sound steel in these ingots as it fully measured. Table I. shows the re- quickly freezes on the outside of the
settles down into the body of the ingot sults obtained. mould and on the surface of the liquid
proper; that is, below the feeding head.
In these ingots it is not necessary, in or- Table I.
der to determine whether they are sound Ingot Cubic Lbs. of Percentage of
or not, that machining or other observa-
Number. inches. Steel. weight of ingot.
tion by mechanical methods should be
1 457 128 3.57
carried out, and at least 88 per cent, to
2 549 154 4.30
90 per cent, of sound usable and saleable 457 138 3.57
3
material is obtained.
4 457 128 3.57
Fig. 2 shows an ingot made in the
5 472 132 3.68
present and ordinary manner; not even
6 488 137 3.82
the most experienced expert could say
7 518 145 3.05
whether the exterior of the ingot was
8 579 162 4.52
sound or unsound, whereas the ingot in
9 488 137 3.82
Fig. 1 shows the steel to have settled or
sunk down. When steel so sinks it is a Average 496 139 3.88
definite proof that the material is sound
Maximum 579 162 4.52
and free from blow-holes. The following Minimum 457 128 3.57
results further illustrate this important
Weight of ingot, 3, 600 lbs.
advance in the production of sound
steel :
Measuring the Cavity. The average weight for the nine 15-in. steel exposed to the air. Moreover,
To show how considerable is the cavity ingots showed that 139 with a mini-
lbs., there always an uncertainty as to how
is
which forms in piping- steel, nine 15-in. mum of 128 lbs. and a maximum of good or how ibad is the resulting mater-
162 lbs., passed from the head portion ial. In any ease, as the steel solidifies
Abstract nf pnper communicated to the
Fi-iinklin Institute. into the ingot itself. This percentage is in an ingot of this size, the natural law
represented by an of contraction demands that about 500
average of 3.88 per cub. in. have to be dealt with on an in-
cent. In other got of the weight and size mentioned.
words, about 4 per
While the results necessarily vary
cent., or 140 lbs. of
slightly, because the sizes of the head
of the total weight
portion nearest the top of the mould
of the ingot or in-
formed in sand are not always uniform
gots east passed
in length, as the steel shrinks down
from the upper or
slightly more on the outside in some
feeding head into
cases than others, on the whole the maxi-
the body of the in-
got. Let it be as-
mum and minimum figures of 41/2 and
sumed that the cubic 31/2 per cent, of the total weight of the
capacity of each of ingot having passed from the head into
12,500 cub. in. But same depth in each ease, there would be
for this feeding practically no difference. If not treated,
the top, its extent can be readily deter- certain of obtaining this combination of were not satisfactory the ingot would
mined whether in the hot or cold condi- desirable qualities, has been insisted
it be rejected.
tion. It is therefore not necessary to upon by the user concerned that some-
cut open the ingot. Ascertaining Soundness of Ingots.
thing like 40 per cent, to 50 per cent,
Dr. G. K. Burgess, of the Bureau of of the ingot made in the ordinary man- The demonstration
following was
Standards, Washington, is at present
ner in fact sometimes more than this made show the importance and effi-
to
working with the writer on a joint re- must be discarded. Ingots made by the
ciency of the system: Fig. 5 shows the
search relating to this subject, and, writer's method, however, are now al- upper, portion of three 15-in. ingots
though the full details of the work done lowed after discarding only 15 per cent. made under the Hadfield system. This
cannot at the present time be given, it It would also be quite possible under place shows the soundness and freedom
may be stated that ingots made under the system to give perfectly safe shell from piping of the ingots. If this is
the writer's system were carefully cut steel with only 10 per cent, to 12 per compared with the section of the ordin-
up by the Bureau and compared with ary rail ingot shown in B (Fig. 4), rep-
similar ingots produced at rail mills and resenting average and current practice,
made in the ordinary manner. The it will be seen how great is the differ-
comparisons are shown in Figs. 3 and 4, ence. While sound material, whether
in which A (Fig. 3) represents the in- rails or other articles, can be expected
got made under the writer's system, as from ingots made as shown in Fig. 5,
described in the various papers, and B it can be well understood that if steel
(Fig. 4) represents an average ingot for explosive shell were made from an
made by one of the rail-makers. ordinary steel ingot cast in the usual
manner, as shown in B (Fig. 4), there
Piping Defects Incurable.
would have to be at least 50 per cent,
While it is true that in unsound steel discard in the ingot, and even then it is
of very mild character the process of doubtful if the material could be safely
forging or rolling closes up the blow- used.
holes, and probably, if the heating tem- To further prove this, Fig. 6 shows
perature for rolling or forging is hot an etching of the fractured portion of a
enough, the blowholes are welded to- 15-in. ingot (marked No. 3 in Fig. 5),
gether, even then it is doubtful whether on tlie centre or axis line, where segrega-
such material can ever afterwards pos- Fig. 7. Sketch showing upper portion of ingot
forged and drawn out into a bar 4% in. tion is usually met with to the greatest
sess exactly the same tenacity and duct- diar. and about 8 ft., long. Fig. 9. extent. This being so sound and free
Apparatus employed in producing
ility as the same steel worked up from sound ingots. from segregation, it was necessary to
a sound ingot. In the ease, however, continue the etching -beyond the frac-
of rail steel in which the carbon percent- cent discard, and to ensure the quali- tured portion. The analysis of this .par-
age is high, the same amount of weld- ties under the headings (a), (b) and (c) ticular 15-in. ingot is shown in Table II.
ing does not take place; in fact, it is just referred to. This means a reduc- From this table it will be seen that there
doubtful whether the blowholes are more tion in discard from 40 per cent, to 15 are no signs of segregation, unsound-
than merely pressed together. per cent. This decision has been ar- ness, or piping of any kind until the
Sound Steel Imperative. rived at after carefully cutting up and extraordinarily small discard *f 71/2 per
examining over one hundred ingots made cent, has been reached. Even in this
As large quantities of high-explosive by the Hadfield system, produced in the case the difference in composition is
steel shell are used by various govern- ordinary course of working. Each of very slight, whereas the composition of
ments, it is most necessary to obtain these ingots on being cut up, was found an ingot made in the ordinary manner
steel of the highest quality and yet at to be perfectly sound. and with only 71/2 per cent, discard, to
not too high cost. In other words, there
is required steel of superior quality to
that ordinarily used for rails, ship and Table II.
Table HI.
made by Hadfleld Ana ysis made by the inspectoi from drillings taken from the
Analysis of drillings from
tbe usual ladle ingot tests. tent re or axis line of each ingot after cutting off 15% discard.
length, and representing 7.1 per cent, part of the ingot or other mould, and and such plans will have included the
of the discard, was cut off. Below this maintaining it in a liquid condition by accumulation of munition ores and metal
the projectile forging known as "Blank the combustion, in contact therewith, or of which their countries produced an in-
No. 1" was prepared, as shown by the in close proximity thereto, during the sufficient amount. There is, accordingly,
dotted lines in Fig. 7. Below this, cooling and shrinkage of the metal in no adequate reason for concluding that
-"Blank No. 2" was taken after 10.4 the lower part of the mould, of solid the enemy countries are likely in spite
per cent, discard had been allowed. In fuel, for example charcoal, by means of of the prodigious scale upon which the
other words, "Blank No. 1" was mode a blast of compressed air which is caused
war is being conducted to run short of
from the material now not used (that is, to impinge on the while this is
fuel metals which are essential for war pur-
after 7.1 per cent, of the whole ingot directly or indirectly supported by the poses for some time to come. Moreover,
was discarded) and "Blank No. 2" metal below; and the interposition of a it may safely be concluded that their
after discarding 10.4 per cent. This is layer of fusible material, such as cupola technical metallurgists will have been
also not now used. The further and fol- slag, which has little or no injurious mobilized in the direction of discovering
lowing blanks, No. 3, 4, and upwards, action on the metal, between the metal substitutes for any of the above metals
are not shown, because this is unneces- and the fuel. This slag largely pre- of which a shortage is liable to occur in
sary, as such blanks then formed part vents radiation of heat, the loss of which a long war.
of the current work. As will be seen, is much greater than is ordinarily sup- The allies for their part can produce
even "Blank No. 2" could also have posed to be the case. from their own resources all tbe iron,
been safely used.
It is remarkable to find that the frac-
manganese, nickel, chromium, tin, and
most of the aluminium they require;
ture from "Blank No. 1" (that is, at MUNITION METALS. their command of the seas enables them
the discard of only 7.1 per cent.) was A PREPONDERANCE of raw material to obtain, principally from the United
perfectly sound, free from piping, and from which to manufacture munitions of States, their deficiencies in aluminium,
sihowed no signs of segregation. In the war is of vital importance to a belliger- copper, and lead; China furnishes the
interiorof the blank, after forging, ent, and if, as many persons hope, the
requisite antimony. Zinc is the only im-
there were some slight skin cracks pro- allies can maintain the advantage in this
portant munition metal of which there
ceeding from the hollow portion of t)ic respect at the expense of the enemy, the
is a shortage, in spite of the great speed
ingot top. The projectile from "Blank raw material assumes a doubled value.
with which the American furnaces are
No. 2" was perfectly sound in every Professor H. C. H. Carpenter, writing
to "Nature," compares the resources of being operated. Wherever it is possible
way, whether as regards surface fract-
the different countries in munition to substitute another metal for zinc, it
ure, freedom from segregation, piping,
metals, and sums up the position as fol- is of national importance that it should
or any other defects; the interior was
also perfectly sound. In other words, lows: be done.
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE
Embracing the Further Discussion of Previously Published Articles, Inquiries for
General Information, Observations and Suggestions. Your Co-operation is Invited
MOLDING A LARGE ACCUMULATOR constructed for the Montreal Ammuni- the sand of uniform density at all points.
BASE tion Co., by the Canadian Boomer & As there was no base to the pattern the
By J. H. R. Boschert Press Co., of Montreal. The openings between the ribs made it easy
FIG. 1. SECTION TH'ROUG-H GREE.N SAND MOLD FOR ACCUMULATOR BASE. PIG. 3. COPE PLATES.
machining of 4.5 high explosive shells. discarded shells and shell ends from shell was carefully removed, the moulder and
They will, however, continue to develop making plants. The pattern for this his helper afterwards cleaning up and
the foundry end of their business, and in base casting was of the skeleton type, smooth facing the various surfaces. A
order to give your readers an idea of the being of course made of sufficient view of the mould at this stage is seen
nature and scope of same, the molding strength to retain its shape while being in Fig. 2. As it was not thought ad-
features connected with the production rammed up. visable to construct a special cope the
of a large accumulator base casting are Preparing the Mould method shown in the figure was adopted
here detailed and illustrated. The mould was prepared as shown in as this had proved satisfactory in form-
This casting, which will weigh in the Fig. 1. A pit was dug in the floor and er cases.
Special Cope Plates
Two plates of cast iron weighing
1
-1
(Ort
fIsX
1 \
^G)" \
r
J
'^^J
/ ^-
r
[^
/
- 8' p"
\ 1
FIG. 2. CO.MPLBTED GREEN S.4JND ilOlLD FOR ACCU.MULATOR BASE. FIG. 4. ACCUMULATOR B.VSE.
neighborhood of 17,000 lbs., is for the the pattern set into it, and levelled up. about 2 tons each and similar to that
base of one of the largest accumulators Green sand was shoveled in and thor- shown in Fig. 3 were cast. Pins A
yet built in Canada, and which is being nughly rammed, care being taken to have which protruded about two inches from
.
The largest
1 1 1 i
hick by nine f ^
, 1 ,
th feet^ ten inch )>"'>v;!f--v '< ^;vc>'-'vVv.'.-\'.<'r;7><^^
"^
FIG. 6. RBEN S.\ND MOT.I) Foli COil'I-: III.ATES I\ RE.\iDINiESS FOR I'OURING.
NEW AND IMPROVED EQUIPMENT
A Record of Machinery Development Tending Towards Higher Quality,
Output and Efficiency in Foundry, Pattern and Metal Work Generally
tlie bench and floor types, the photogTaph the operation is completed, the shell h?.v- ing the machine for spraying the small
showing the grinder and top of stand of ing received its coatiii.^. He is then annular passage in the timing device or
the floor type machine. ready to repeat the operation with anoth- nose portion of the shell. This passage,
The regular equipment of wheels con- er shell. As the period covered in thus which receives the time fuse, is small andi
sists of one 10 in. x 1with flat face
in. spraying a shell is 2 sec, or at the rate somewhat inaccessiible, and to swab the
for grinding: chisels land other straight of 30 per minute, .the capacity of the passage with a hand brusli consumes too
edge tools, also tliree round face wheels jaaehine for coating is placed at ],500 much time in view of the demands for
10 in. in diameter liv 1 in., V^ in., and 14 per hour. high quantity production. It appears
The act of pushing the that in spite of the fact that the timing
shell downward admits a parts of the shell are of brass, the
supply of compressed air to powder has a corroding influence, which
a definite quantity of the fact makes it desirable to potect the
protective liquid, which is 'orass work.
driven through a spraying
nozzle. The apparatus is
supported under the table LAKE SUPERIOR CORPORATION
top. It includes what is SURPLUS profits from operation of the
substantially a three-way subsidiary companies of the Lake Su-
valve which holds the pro- perior Corporation in the year ended
tective liquid, and which .Tune .30 last amounted to $1,366,210, a
opens the channel between decrease of $1,145,125. or about 45 per
the compressed air supply cent. The return does not include any
and the nozzle when the figures from the Algoma Central & Hud-
spt* shell is down, so to speak, son Bay Railway, which went into a re-
I ILsL I and which receives the ceivership during the year, and to that
measured amount of liquid extent the comparison cannot be exact.
for the next shell when the The return giving the output of the
pressure of the operator's main company in the group, the Algoma
hand is removed; that is, Steel Corporation, reveals, however, the
when the coated shell is re- source of the great shrinkage in earn-
SHRAPNEL SHELL SPRAYIXG APPARATUS. moved. The fact that ings. "The production of pig iron, rails
only the desired amount of and merchants' mill material," says the
in. respectively in thickness, for grind- liquid is admitted each time is a par-
directors' report, "is less than for the
ing gouges and special cutters. Other ticular feature and application has been
previous year on account of the sharp
shapes of wheels can also be furnished. made for 'a patent covering the device. falling off in demand which was experi-
The spindles are %. in. in diameter The working parts are counterbalanced
enced towards the end of the year." The
and ample space is allowed between the as far as possible so that a minimum output, in tons, compared with the pre-
wheels. The guards are of heavy malle- )>ressure will suffice to push the shell
ceding year, was as follows:
able iron, and the tool rests are adjust- to the spraying position. It is obvious
able in two directions. High grade ball the machine is likely to find fields of use- 1913-14 1914-15
bearings are used, these being thoroughly fulness outside of that for which it bas 311.904 212.917
Pig iron
protected from, dirt and grit by double been brought into being. .325,680 174.536
Steel rails . .
MACHINE FOR SPRAYING SHRAP- device suffices to insure that not only is at the end of the year.
NEL SHELLS suflicient paint sprayed upon tlie shell The income of the holding eom-
total
surface but there is no excess which has panv. Lake Superior Corporation, was
TO coat the inside of shells, or for that
to be disposed of. The machine thus $369,032, against .$448,054 the previous
matter any relatively inaccessible sur-
face, with an asphaltum paint or anti-
aims at a maximum economy of the pro- year. After paying interest and ex-
1ectin<r compound beside allowing for penses the balance remaining as net in-
corrosion material, and to do the work
high working speed.
rapidly, uniformly, and without waste of
the coating compound, the Spray En-
gineering Oo.. Boston, Mass., has de-
It is expected that the fundamental
elements of the machine, the use of the
m
come for the year was only $1,661.
veloped an interesting machine. spray head, and of the scheme for auto- "A nation cannot live without honor,"
It looks not unlike a strongly built matically measuring out the quantity of was the reply of the Belgian Ambassa-
taible with a circular recess in tl'e top. material to be sprayed, may have appli- dor to the German Minister. To any en-
The operator inverts a shell over the cations apart from war munitions. How- terprise,individual or corporate, the
recess,pushes it down an inch or ?o into ever, at this writing the company is en- statement has an equal fitting applica-
^he latter, lifts it from the table, and gaged on working out details for utiliz- tion.
.
Vol. VI. SEPTEMBER, 1915 No. 9 influence great are followed to a finish in order that
is
PROTECTIVE COATINGS FOR pressure is let in at intervals for .'iO Protection by Another Metal
METAL* minutes. The steam, on entering, passes The agent used in the majority of
By H. B. C. Allison** through a red hot pipe at the 'base of cases is the metal
for protecting iron
the retort, and is thus partially decom- zinc. Zinc
strongly electropositive to
THIS brief review of
processes
at present in use for
some of the
posed into hydrogen and oxygen. After
is
iron and so are its alloys, if free from
protecting metals from oxidation this treatment a small quantity of naph- impurities. It is also readily available
will fbe confined to two types: firstly, tha or hydrocarbon oil is introduced and and may be applied by a number of
allowed to act for 15 minutes to reduce processes.
that in which the metal itself is made
more by some dhemical
resistant, usually any red oxide, and also to carTDonize the Hot Galvanizing
treatment; and secondly, that in which surface. The coating is said to 'he a com- The oldest process is tliat of hot gal-
another metal is used as a surface coat- pound of iron, hydrogen and carbon, and vanizing, which consists simply of clean-
ing. analyses have shown that a minimum of ing the piece, coating -nith a suitable
In the first instance, a coating' is
2 per cent, hydrogen is present. It is an fluxand then dipping in the molten zinc.
formed which must possess the follow- imiprovement on the Bower-Barif process The piece is usually wiped after this to
ing properties, if it is to be successful in that the danger of waiping, due In improve the coating. This process has
must be homogeneous, continuous, re- liigh temperature, is removed, the size of
It the disadvantages of limiting the thick-
sistant to attack by acids or alkali, firmly the piece is practically unaltered, and ness of the coat, of plugging any small
attached to the base metal and must the tendency to scale is m.uch less. holes, of the composition of the coating
have a similar expansion coefficient. The Both processes are quite expensive, but being variaible, Jjnd the possibility of in-
ideal metal coating should also be homo- users have usually found the protection cluding injurious and corrosive sub-
geneous and continuous, but should be stances in the coating, which may cause
strongly electropositive to the >base metal early failure.
AMERICAN ELECTRO-PLATERS' SO-
and should form electropositive alloys CIETY. TORONTO BRANCH. A modification of this process is
with it, so thait in case of oxidation the Officers known as the Lohman process. After
President John A. Magill, 591 St.
coating will be attacked and the base Clarens Ave.. Toronto. cleaning, the article to be coated is dip-
metal protected.
Vice-President William Salmon, 48 Oak ped in the Lohman bath, which is a solu-
Street, Toronto.
As iron is the metal most commonly tion of hydrochloric acid, mercuric
used as the base, the processes chosen
Secretary Ernest Coles, P.O. Box 5
chloride and ammonium chloride;
Coleman, Ont. it is
will be those used for its protection, al- Treasurer
Walter S. Barrows, 62S then dried before immersing in the
Dovercourt Road, Toronto.
though some may be applicalble to other PLACE AND DATES OF MEETING. molten metal, which may be any one or
metals. was known for a consideraible
It The Occident Hall, corner of Queen a mixture of a number of metals such as
time before any process was devised and Bathurst Streets. Fourth Thursday lead, zinc, and tin. The chief point in its
of each month, at 8 p.m.
that the black or mas'netie oxide formed favor seems to be that the junction b'e-
on iron, under certain conditions, was a tween the iron and tlie protective alloy
very fair protective coating. Attemipts afforded of sufficient benefit to warrant is kept free from all oxide, and, there-
to control and improve this coatinig have the added expense. fore, the alloy will fill all the pores and
led to a number of patented processes,
Protection by Chemical Means no corroding asrent can be included.
of which two may be taken as typical.
There
It is claimed by its backers that a
is one process which may be of 2Taduated alloy is formed so that the
Bower-Barff Process interest in this connection, known after protective coating cannot be completely
The pieces to be treated are heated to its inventor as "Coslettizing.^' The broken through except "by breaking the
a temperature of 900 deg. C. in a closed pieces to be coated are first cleaned as
sbeet itself.
retort. When temperature has been
this usual, either iby pickling or sand blast-
reached, superheated steam is admitted ing, and are then placed in a boilinc; Cold Galvanizing
for 20 minutes and a coating consisting water solution of phosphoric acid, in Another process beinsr used more and
of a mixture of red and black oxides is which iron or zinc filings are always pre- more as it is improved is that of wet
formed. Producer gas is then substi- sent. The period of treatment is from galvanizing or electroplating. In this
tuted for the steam and allowed to act one-half to three hours, depending on case the article to be coated is suspend-
for the same length of time. After cool- the thickness of the coating desired. ed as a cathode in a suitable bath and is
ing somewhat, the pieces are oiled and a After drying, the pieces are usually oiled. subject to easy control. It provides a
smooth, green-black coating is produced, By this treatment a very sligiht amount coating of high purity and uniform
which affords efficient protection from of the surface of the article is converted thickness in general, but recesses and
sea water, acid fumes, etc., and will into certain prosphates of iron, but most corners cause some trouble. It is liable
stand a wide variation in temperature. of the coatinsj- comes from the solution to be more or less porous and may con-
itself. tain acid which will eventually cause
Gesner Process
This coating has been found to be par- failure. In both of these processes, hot
This is a further development of the or cold, the coatins- does not become inti-
ticularly useful in the tropics, and is em-
foregoing process. The pieces to be ployed in one instance for typewriters. mately connected with the base metal
treated are maintained at 600 deg. C. for tliroufrh deep alloying.
It is not a complicated process or an ex-
20 minutes, after which steam at low
pensive one and the finish is very dur- Sherardizing
General Electric Review. able. It is, however, subject to patent The process
latest of this type is
**0f Reserch L.aboratory, General Electric
Co restrictions. sherardizing. and it is undoubtedlv the
finely powdered zinc and zinc oxide in lated from 700 deg. to 2.000 deg. F. The of munitions.
varying proportions, and is heated in a molten metal is carried a short distance A committee of the Government un-
reducing- or inert atmosphere for a by the gas current and is suddenly caught der the chairmanship of the Minister of
period of time, the length of which de- by a powerful blast of compressed air Finance, after full discussion with mem-
pends on the thickness of coating de- which shoots it out of the nozzle with a bers of the Shell Committee, has thus
sired. velocity of 3,000 feet per second, direct- satisfactorily solved the problem of en-
The coating so obtained consists of ly on the object to be coated, which is suring at reasonable prices a Canadian
four protective layers. Next to the held a short distance away. The coating supply of zinc suitable for use in the
is homogeneous, continuous, and of any production of brass for the making of
pure iron is an alloy C, rich in iron,
depth, and also exceedingly
upon which is another definite alloy B. desired is quick-firing cartridge cases for shells.
containing more zinc. Then there is a intimate. Before the outbreak of war, this qual-
layer containing a number of more or The theory of the Schoop process as ity of zinc sold at about eight cents per
less unknown alloys, and finally a layer
given by its inventor, is that the gase- pound. Since that time the price has
of pure zinc. This makes a coating ous medium used is much larger in steadily risen as high as forty cents and
which not easily broken down and
is
volume at any moment than the drop it grave fears were entertained that the
which continuous. The principal ob-
is
has pulverized and is carrying, and the supply might be entirely cut off. At
jections to its use are the high tempera- gas is expanding so rapidly that its tem- present, the sources of supply are out-
ture to which tbe piece must 'be sub- perature is far lower than that of the side of Canada.
jected and the increase in size which may spray. A rapid exchange of heat, there-
The Shell Committee, representing the
fore, takes place between them, which
be caused. BritishGovernment in the purchase of
The theory which has been advanced to consolidates the molten particles and
shells Canada, regarded it is abso-
in
explain this process is interesting in that gives them a temperature far below the
lutely necessary that there should be
it may be considered as a distillation
pro- melting point. If the particles arrived
supplies of this zinc within Canada.
cess. The zinc dust which is ohtained in a liquid' state at the base with -the
Canadian producers were unwilling to go
from the zinc smelters is said to Ise in observed velocity of .3.000 feet per sec-
to large expense of installing refineries
a state of unstable equilibrium, so that ond, they would simply splash on the
unless insured against the fall in zinc
in contact with the hot iron it undergoes
surface and largely rebound. As a mat-
prices which is inevitable after the close
a change tending to restore it to the nor- ter of fact they impact and inter-pene-
of the war. After considerable negoti-
mal condition. During this change some trate freely, and the later bombarding
ation, the Government decided to offer a
alloys with the iron, thereby lower- particles unite with the earlier ones to
of it limited bounty for the production in
imr the vapor pressure for zinc in that to form homogeneous compact bodies.
Canada of zinc, the offer being as fol-
region. A
slow distillation then begins In accounting for the observed action lows :
from the zinc nearest tbe ohjcct itself. of the Schoop spray at the I'eceiving base, Bounty Details.
As the alloy becomes richer in zinc the it is supposed that the cooled' particles
Bounties on a sliding scale, not ex-
difference vapor pressure becomes
in of tlie metal just before impin2:ing with
ceeding two cents per pound, will be
less and and then fina'lv become?
less great velocity on a hard surface, are in
granted upon production in Canada from
zero. This is found to be the case in an abnormal physical condition. Due to
practice. The deposition hecnmes slow- the heat nf collision they pass directly Canadian ores of zinc, containins- not
er as the time is extended. into a vapor which condenses and soli- more than 2 per cent, impurities, when
difies on the relatively cold receiving the standard price of zinc in London,
Calorizing
body, penetratino: 'by osmotic pressure England, falls below 33 per ton of
This recently developed process make-
the superficial pores of the base when an 2,000 pounds, provided that bounties
use of aluminum as the protective metal affinity for the latter exists, and other- shall not be payable on zinc produced
and is of particular advantage in pre-
wise driven in by the pressure behind before the expiration of the war or after
venting oxidation at high temperatures.
it. In either case it condenses and soli- the 31st day of July, 1917, or on zinc
The protective action is due to the oxide difies after penetration, and is effective-
formed by the action of heat on V.io pro- contracted for the Shell Committee at a
ly dovetailed into the base. The ham-
tecting metal, rather than to any elec- price of 8 cents or over per pound, total
merina- and bombardmeTit of the soli-
trolytic reilations hetween the .ihiminum amount of bounty to be paid not to ex-
dified first coat by the minute suceeedins:
and the base. practically a process of cold
ceed $400,000.
particles is
It has been found very useful in tbe
working. The entrained particles As a result of this action on the part
case of iron utensils subject to direct liquidify and solidify so rapidly that the of the Government the Shell Committee,
contact with flames at temperatures up metal has not time to return to its on behalf of the Imperial War Office, has
to 1,000 deg. ., and also in the case of natural crvstallized state." been able to contract for several thou-
boiler tubes, for the life is increased There are many other processes in use. sand tons of zinc at very reasonable
many times hy this treatment and tbe those outlined beine' chosen as represen- rates with a further reduced rate for
saving in the cost of replacements is tative of the various different means em- further deliveries.
much greater than the additional initial ployed to obtain the desired protection
It will be observed that the object
cost of calorizing. because of their prominence, or of some
of the bounty is to insure the pro-
Schoop Process new feature which thev contain.
ducers against too great a fall in price
One of the most recent processes, and in the period between the end of the
one of the most promising, is the The bounty
BOUNTY TO FOSTER ZINC PRODUC- war and the 31st July, 1917.
Schoop process. This is applicable to
TION. will give an impetus to the refinement of
the deposition of meta'ls or alloys on any
The apparatus con- A SLIDING bounty not exceeding 2 zinc in Canada and serve the purpose of
sort of an object.
sists nf a nistol into which the coatins: cents per pound, and not payable until ensuring a certain supply of brass to
passes tlirnimh |l'f '^"d o^ !hp - '-: })o'--i "-Tnted i'\' tlie Shell Committee.
mp\n\ is fed as f wire. Tt
'
Tlie product of this company at West Toronto, Qui., has always been characterized by
itsexcellence of finish. Few people are aware of the scientific knowledge and practical skill
necessary to insure continuous successful operation of a plating plant. Again when the ac-
tual quantity of work produced is taken in consideration, the necessity for efficient equip-
ment and help becomes increasingly evident if required outpui is to be maintained.
THE plating-
ments of many
and polishing depart-
industrial plants
(^apacity of
1,800 amperes.
this
The
three-wire
entire
dynamo
power sectio.i
is tytie, are so wired as to permit the use
oP suitable current densities witiiout un-
are usually the least interesting of the dei>artment is separated from tlu^ due heating.
features shown the visitor. This fact is Nickel and Copper Baths.
contrary to what one might expect. The The nickel baths average 225 gallons
plating and polishing department of the per tank, and are nearly all of the double
Russell Motor Car Co.'s Works at West row tyjip employing three rows of anodes.
Toronto however, an exception, and
is, Uywards of 4,000,000 bicycle spokes are
enjoys the distinction of being the finest plated annually in still solutions, the re-
in Canada. The cleanliness of this de- sultbeing a practically rust proof spoke
partment has created considerable com- the reputation of which has spread to
ment among men who know the existing all parts of the world.
conditions in similar departments A cyanide copper solution of 600 gal-
throughout the North American icon- lons is used in copper plating all steel
iinent. parts previous to nickel plating. The
copper plate is exceptionally heavy and
Electrical Equipment durable, no competition or rush orders
The equipment generally is very com- being allowed to interfere with the re-
plete, the hig'h quality of product re- cognized standard of plating in this
quired necessitating the installation of establisliment. Exceptional care is taken
none but the most modern and efficient in the preparation of all parts before
apparatus. The electrical units consist treatment in the plating solutions, over
of two direct current dynamos, one sup- 700 gallons of alkaline cleaning solu-
plyino- current at 10 and 5 volts with a tions being employed for this purpose.
three-wire system, and the other sup- Electric cleaners with double throw
plying a 6-valt enirent. switches are operated with a 10-volt
The latter is a shunt wound multipolar oirrent.
machine having a capacity of 2.500 am- The famous "solid brass" plating pro-
peres, and is operated in connection with duced by this company is the result of
a 3,500 gallon nickel solulion. The cop-
WALTKK S. B-VKUOWS. persistent efforts on the part of the fore-
per plating tanks, brass plating baths, jj'ating by glass partitions, the
section man in charge. Cepper and zinc anodes
mechanical platers, etc.. are supiplied polished metal parts of the machines, are used in the brass bath, and the elec-
with 5-volt. current from the first men- and all connections, bus bars, etc., within frolyte is a very simple and inexpensive
tioned dynamo, while the 10-voIt circuit the power section Ijeing kept scrupulous- sDJution.
from the same machine is employed in ly clean and bright. Plating Small Parts
the operation of elcctro-cleanimr. solu- Each tank in the plating room is Cun- Bicycle spoke nipples, and parts of
SHOWING ARRANGEMENT OP NICKEL BATHS. I'OWER COH'PER PLATING AND CLEANI.XG SECTION SHOWING
SECTION IN BACKGROUND. ACID JARS AND SWIDLING TANKS.
tions, and experimental baths. The nected to a voltmeter, portable ammeters similar size are plated in mechanically
being used on all tants, while the rheo- operated cylinders, rotated while im-
Foremiin, Electro-plating Dept., Russell
Motor Car Co., Ltd. stats of the rectangular switch board mersed in a concentrated nickel solution.
182 CANADIAN F UNDRY iM AN
Someone in the shipping department
This treatment producing' polislied and ing equipped to facilitate beating by ex-
finally hiton the plan of putting rope
plated parts in large quantities
with a haust steam.
handles on all the shipping boxes, so
minimum' of labor. In the manufacture of automobiles,
that a handler will naturally take hold
The plating room while located on the hicycles and skates, the necessity for
of the rope when moving the box. This
third floor is" supplied with an excellent care and skilled workmanship exists in
The keeps the boxes top up in almost every
drainage and ventilation system. every department, hut if the final finish instance, and as the horns are packed
with asphalt-
floors are of concrete faced of enamel or plating not satisfactorily accordingly, the result has been very
is
by wooden
ed tar paper, and protected
slats All water is conducted to a dram
effected the product
leader in its respective
cannot become a
line. All the pro-
satisfactory.
-w^
the centre of the floor, and the depart- GERMANS TRY TO GET SHEFFIELD
ducts of this company are protected and
at
scoured onc
ment is well flushed and finished "up to a standard not down to
STEEL
is effected by
each week. Ventilation IT is reported that the Sheffield Cham-
each tank a price."
means of hoods placed above er of Commerce has recently
from which
containing solutions investigated some ingenious at-
steam
emanate strong fumes or tempts to obtain high-speed
the bath.
during operation of steel and high-class tool steel
are
The larger of these hoods from Sheffield manufacturers
direct to outside for the use of alien enemies.
connected
while the smaller hoods These special tool steels are ne-
draft,
a rotary suc- cessary in all shops making
are connected to
tion fan. munitions of war, and as Ger-
and many in peace time imported
Parts for between 20,000
an- from
30,000 bicycles are plated considerable quantities
nually, together with
parts for SheflSeld, it is probable that she
and thousands feeling the necessity of new
120,000 skates, is
heing trained
everything, each employee ACCUMULATOR CASTINGS
to do his share toward maintaining
cleanliness. A (Continued from page 174.)
system, and
efficiency
tumhling section with molten iron while the 5-ton ladle
ball hurnishing and wet
included in the plating room. Here was being poured. When the 5-ton ladle
Is
aluminum and steel parts are economic- was emptied, the bosh was tapped, and
processed preparatory to plating. while the metal was running in the ladle
ally
tumbling barrels is the was being refilled.
One of these
largest barrel operated in any plating One of the problems which confronted
in Canada, it having a capa- t'le foundry foreman was the removal
department
200 gallons. of the casting after cooling, as the 5-ton
city of approximately
crane was not deemed capable of lifting,
Polishing and Bufiing a casting which was expected to weigh
The polishing, grinding and buffing de- between 8 and 9 tons. One side was
partment is located on the same
floor
raised at a time by which process it was
with the plating room, but separated gradually turned over on to a track pre-
from the latter by a storage room. In the pared with special rollers. It was then
polishing room 35 men are employed, and removed to the Canadian Boomer &
Boschert Co. shops across the road in
the working conditions are as nearly
machinery which the accumulator was to be erected
ideal as modern ventilating
blower system is wor- A SHIPPING KINK. and completed.
will permit. The
un-
thy of particular attention as
it is
dented in transit. The trouble was
usually large and efficient. The
sanitary principally caused by the handlers drop- One of the problems the efficiency
The folks are working on is the
standardiza-
condition being well taken care of. ping the box in which the horn was
room is airy, well lighted and kept clean packed with more or less force, and if tion of man. It will prove a very com-
the bell of the horn happened to be problem for the simple reason that
and neat in every detail. The polishing plex
downward, the was almost sure it is seldom there
are two men exactly
machinery is operated by separate motor result
to be a dented or crushed bell. the same.
power, and the entire department is he-
shells by raisins: the price of refined practice to "strike" iron and steel parts
lutions and their adaptability to commer-
copper and zinc to exorbitant levels. It before regular nickel plating treatment?
cial uses.
is understood that by forming a com- Should a nickel strike be rich in metal
Experiments with modern nickel and
bination amona- some Canadian capital- or rather weak?
ists and buekins' the monopoly General
cobalt solutions.
Answer. It is not customary to strike
Hughes succeeded in oetfino' the price Analysis of silver solutions. the parts previous to immersion in regu-
reduced somewhat. However, it became Study of silver solutions used for lar nickel plating solution, but such prac-
apparent that if the Dominion were to various purposes, such as strike solu- tice would certainly be productive of
enter seriously into the manufacture of tions, brig'ht solutions, etc. "rood results and probably the only reas-
munitions it must have refineries of its Study of electro-deposition of silver. on why it not popular is the cost for
is
own and efforts toward tliat end were Experiments with silver deposits on extra labor and time required. Most
initiated. commercial wares. nickel plating solutions are operated with
however, the solution does not con- mal peace trade suppressed, the equili-
If,
"We compile statistics every year of
brium between supply and demand will
duct properly and the cathode remains the production of virgin and secondary
exposed to the action of the solution for be found again.
spelters; the last available statistics that
two or three minutes, the corrosive effect we have before us are those for 1913, "Much has also been written about
would be anything- but beneficial, and the because, naturally, for 1914, after five
the Germancontrol of the vast zincifer-
bath should be corrected or a stronger ous resources of our colonies. Most of
months of the great European war, no
current employed. Some classes of work the observations made upon this subject
enemy returns were available. Examin-
require slow deposits which Avill be soft ing our figures for 1913 we find the total
we entirely concur with; we have often
and white, the bath may he large and European output was 661,325 tons. Aus- made allusion to the same thing before,
the work constantly entering- and being tralia gave us 3,666 tons and the United
and we think it is pitiable to find a situa-
7-emoved from the solution. In sncli tion created like the present one, owing
States 508,549 tons. Out of the Euro-
oases a strike would be of special value, to the fact that German houses have
pean total we must now cancel the
as it would facilitate the production of Belgian, Silesian, Rhenish, Northern been always able to contract for our out-
a firm adherent film of nickel upon the French, Austrian and Polish produc- put of colonial concentrates to the detri-
base metal and allow the soft white tions; these amount together to 570,152
ment of the British buyer.
finish to be ohtained in the regular plat- tons per annum. It, therefore, follows
Present Situation Summaxy.
ing bath by weaker current. The nickel that theonus of supplying the allies
strike should be rich in metal and kept with spelter falls upon the United King- "Our summary of the whole position
neutral or only slightly acid and never dom, Holland, Spain, Australia and the is this: The spelter market may have
allowed to l)ecoTne alkaline. The practice been, and probably has been to a certain
United States.
isa commendable cmc if cost of operation extent, exploited, but the situation at
Our own producershave probably which we have arrived was inevitable,
will permit.
slightly increased output during
their when German houses established the
the present year, but owing to the short- control the
of British zinciferous re-
Question. ^My nickel solution becomes age of labor and the lack of furnace serves, and made full arrangements for
capacity we have not made anything like
alkaline at almost regular periods, can treating the same. We consume alone in
you tell me why, and how I can prevent the advance that we should have done. the United Kingdom something between
it.
The Dutch production has certainly 170,000 and 200,000 tons of spelter per
fallen off, owing to the extreme difficulty
Answer. Your difficulty unusual,
is
of getting the ores into Holland. (Hol-
annum, and 'we actually produce about
60,000 tons. At all events, it is satisfac-
theoretically it is impossible for a double
land itself produces no zinc ores.) The tory to know that Lloyd George's recent
sulphate nickel solution to become alka- Spanish production most likely remains action has removed any likelihood of a
line. If the anodes disintegrate properly unchanged. Australia has undoubtedly shortage in the large supply needed for
and feed the solution in proportion to the developed, and may send us 1,000 to
amount of metal deposited, the solution
will remain neutral. This, however, is
seldom the case, the nickel is deposited
1,500 tons more this year. To make up
for the bulk of the shortage, we have to
munitions."
look to the United States of America. CANADIAN LIGNITE INVESTIGA-
faster than it is taken from the anodes
In this respect it is, therefore, interest- TION.
and the solution becomes acid. The alka- ing to study the figures compiled by the
line reaction is usually the result of con-
LIGNITE obtained from the Province
United States Geological Survey. These of Alberta has been under investigation
tamination by cleaning solutions which statistics have already been considered
have not been properly removed from the by the Department of Mines, Ottawa,
very reliable, and when it is intimated,
recesses or surfaces of the work by rin- and a report of over 100 pages has been
therefore, that the United States of Am-
sing 'before the parts enter the plating issued covering the results. This re-
erica during 1915 may be in a position
jiort, which is made by B. F. Haanel,
f3olution. This may ^be the direct result
to furnish about 560,000 tons of spelter,
of careless rinsing or rinsing in water chief of the Fuels and Fuel Testing
this is interesting, as it provides for an
which is foul with potash or soda solu- Division of the Department, and John
increase on their 1913 total of something
tion. Where only one rinse tank or com- Blizard, states that in an extended num-
like 250,000 tons.
partment is employed, a double compart- ber of trials in gas producers the fuel
ment rinsins' tank would overcom,e the War Consumption of Spelter. was found eminently suited for such gas
trouble in the later instance. The final "Were the consumption of spelter to
l>roduction. In fact, it is suggested that
rinse being g-iven in the compartment the nitrogen content is sufficiently high
take normal course, even this increase on
receiving the fresh water. the part of the United States of America to make recovery of ammonia or am-
Nickel solutions which are badly con- would not be sufficient to meet all de- monium sulphate profitable. It is
allv serious nature would result. ticipated that consumption for war pur- matter contained.
. .
.
6-in. and 9-in. shells for the French and Kemp, Toronto. Thomas Hilliard The galvanized sheet martet is firm-
Russian War Offices. is secretary, and the commission ing up slightly because of the uncer-
Steel. headquarters are at Ottawa. tainty in the price of spelter. The ad-
vancing tendency in price of spelter has
The abnormal demand for billets and
reduced production of sheets somewhat,
bars used in the production of various
week, but a better feeling prevails in as makers do not want to accumulate
types of shells and component parts
l)usiness circles due to the splendid stocks until the spelter situation clears
keeps the steel mills constantly going at
crops in the West, a large yield being up. The high-speed tool steel situation
about 100 per cent, capacity, and with
now assured. This will stimulate domes- does not improve, and prices have an
orders on their books which cannot be
tic trade, which has been comparatively advancing tendency.
filled for many months to come. If a
quiet for several months, but has lately
supply of larger shells is demanded, and Pig Iron
been showing distinct signs of improv-
this seems more than likely, it will call The situation is much the same as last
ing. The expansion in the export trade
for increased activity on the part of our week, and there is a good demand for
of the country has had much to do with
steel producers to keep up the required steel-making pig iron. Prices for Ameri-
this, as has also the return of a more
supply of raw material. can brands are firmer, and grey forge
confident spirit in business circles. There
Pig Iron is every reason to expect further heavy has advanced to $14.70 Pittsburgh. Do-
orders for war supplies being placed mestic pig irons are unchanged.
The pig iron market shows little ac-
tivity, but quotations on the various with Canadian manufacturers. It is un-
Machine Tools
grades remain firm. derstood that Premier Borden has been
There is practically no change in the
given the fullest assurance by the Brit-
Machine Tools and Supplies situation as regards machine tools, and
ish Government that for all supplies
Inquiries for machine tools continue no developments have as yet to be noted.
that have to be procured outside the
to come in, but in a great number of The report that further large orders for
United Kingdom Canada's resources
cases almost impossible to have de-
it is shells will be distributed may result in
would be utilized to the fullest extent.
livery within a period of six or eight further buying of machine tools, al-
months, especially on machines employed Steel Market. though it is highly probable that plants
in the production of 3.3 and 4.5 shells. Reports of the financial condition of already well equipped will be favored
The feeling is growing that machine the principal steel companies in Canada with the greater part of this business.
tool builders will soon have to meet the are exceedingly satisfactory. Conditions There is every possibility, however, that
demand for a larger and heavier pro- in the trade continue to improve, due even these concerns will have to install
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 49
FOUNDRY
Bench Rammers Made from Maple Hardwood
Necessities
well oiled.
Write.
The Hamilton
Facing Mill Company, Limited
HAMILTON, CANADA
Foundry Ladles Flat bottom riveted steel bowls
provided with forged lips and vent holes.
If what you want is not advertised in th is issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
:
more equipment. Inquiries for new ma- is almost impossible to get any alum- listof articles which could be made the
chines have fallen off, but there a
is still inum for spot delivery. Quotations are basis of a large trade between this coun-
good demand for second-hand equip- nominal at 40e per pound. try and Russia. He again emphasizes
ment. Deliveries in new tools are still the desirability of the establishment of
very backward and prices have a higher agencies in Russia, especially in regard
tendency. the trade in agricultural and other
CANADIAN IRON AND STEEL IN to
Supplies. machinery, the United States manufac-
1914.
Business in machine shop supplies turers having erected works which, when
continues brisk, and prices all round are
THE statistics gathered by the Ameri-
in full working order, will take care of
can Iron and Steel Institute show that
very firm. All American lathe chucks one-sixth of the total annual require-
the output of pig iron in Canada in 1914
have advanced. "Independent" chucks, ments of the country. Russia needs the
was 705,972 tons, against 1,015,118 tons
which were 20 per cent, off, are now net light tj'pe of agi'icultural machinery,
in 1913. In 1912 Canada's pig iron pro-
list, and 12 per cent., has been added to and the trade, says the commissioner, is
duction was 912,878 tons and in 1911 it
geared scroll chucks. Prices of leather capable of indefinite extension. A Can-
was 824,368 tons. Of the 1914 total,
belting are very firm, as there is a great adian forwarding agency in Russia is re-
690,880 tons was coke iron and 15,092
scarcity of hides and a big demand for rommended.
tons charcoal iron. The number of fur-
leather. Half-and-half solder is a little
naces in blast in Canada at the end of
lower, and is now quoted at 24c per
1914 was 6; the number out of blast,
pound. The linseed oil market is
steadier, but business is very dull. Prices
16. The production of pig iron by Trade Gossip
grades in 1914 was as follows, compari-
have declined 2c, and oil is now quoted Frank Morgan, for 29 years with the
son being made with 1913
at 63c for raw and 66c for boiled oil per Cowan Co., Gait., has been appointed
1914 1913
gallon. manager of the Dominion Bronze Co.,
Basic 331,456 558,524
Scrap Metals Preston, Ont.
Bessemer 184,053 227,662
The scrap metal is firmer, particularly
Foundry 174,346 225,231 The Canadian Iron Foundries, Ltd.,
for copper and brass scrap, which have
All other 16,117 3,701 Montreal, have been awarded a contract
advanced. Heavy lead is also little
for the supply of cast iron pipe to the
higher, being quoted at 5c per pound,
Total 705,972 1,015,118 city of Hull, Que.
but tea lead is unchanged. Revised
Steel Ingots and Castings.
prices are given in the selected market
Theproduction of steel ingots and
Fort William, Ont. It is reported
quotations. that the old Zenith zinc mine at Nipigon
castings in Canada in 1914 was 694,447
Metals. Bay will be opened again for active
tons, of which 675,691 tons was ingots
The metal markets all round are dull mining operations.
and 18,756 tons castings. The production
and weaker, with lower levels for all,
of open-hearth steel was 549,716 tons, of E. W. Knight, until recently with
with the exception of tin. The tin mar-
Bessemer steel 144,447 tons, and of Frankel Bros., Toronto, has opened an
ket is firm, but dull on account of buy-
other kinds 284 tons. The total of 694,447 office in the Stair Building, BbV street,
ers staying out of the market. There is
tons includes about 4,800 tons of alloy Toronto, and will carry on a metal busi-
also little interest being shown in cop-
treated steel ingots and castings, against ness.
per, and the market is entirely a nominal
about 1852 tons in 1913.
one. Spelter has reacted after the ad- John's, Nfld.W. F. Mackay has
St,
Finished Rolled Products.
vance recorded last week, and lead has made application to the City Commis-
The production of finished rolled pro-
also declined slightly. Antimony and sioners for permission to erect a small
ducts in Canada in 1914 was 659,519
aluminum have both declined, and quota- smelting plant near the west end water
tons, against 967,097 in 1913. The pro-
tions are nominal. front.
duction of rails last year was 382,344
Tin. ^The market is stagnant and tons, against 506,709 tons; of structural
void of all interest. Buyers have con-
John McMillan, formerly manager of
shapes and wire 59,050 tons,
rods, the Ontario factory of L'Air Liquids
tinued to stay out, and the extreme dull-
against 68,048 tons; of plates and sheets, Society, Paris, France, is now handling
ness is reflected in the tone being easier.
nail plate, merchant bars, tie plate bars, the oxygen department of Lever Broth-
Tin isunchanged at 39c per pound. etc., 218,125 tons, against 392,340 tons.
Spelter.
The market is dull and low- The production of rolled iron products
ers, Ltd., Toronto.
er, with business very Outside of
dull.
in 1914 was 47,309 tons, while the pro-
Welland, Ont. A by-law will be voted
a fair demand for prompt shipments on by the ratepayers on Sept. 20 to fix an
duction of rolled steel products was 612,-
there is nothing doing, futures being en- assessment of $5,000 for ten years to the
210 tons.
tirely neglected. Spelter has declined Weedon Mining Co., who propose estab-
Cut and Wire Nails.
Ic, and is qiioted at 18e per pound. lishing a zinc smelter here.
The production of iron and steel cut
Copper. The market is dull, and little and wire nails in Canada in 1914 is esti- Brighton, Ont.Thos. Garnet & Son
interest being shown by consumers.
is mated at 1,144,000 kegs, as compared contractors, of Port Hope, have com-
Quotations have declined V2C, and are with an estimated production of 1,520,-
menced the construction of the building
nominal at 19c per pound. 000 ke2-s in 1913.
Lead. ^The market is unsettled and
for the D. J. Barker Foundry Co. The
main structure will be of brick, 220 by
stagnant. The "Trust" has reduced the
100 feet. Jas. Hickey is manager.
price to 4.70c, New York. Lead locally CANADIAN GOODS NEEDED IN
had declined Y^c, and is being quoted at RUSSIA. Welland, Ont. Preparations are being
61/4 P^r pound. made to re-open the local plant of the
RUiSSIAN banks
Antimony. ^The market is dull and in
are interested greatly
Canada's determination to enter the
Canadian Steel Foundries, Ltd. Opera-
weaker on light demand. Antimony has tions will first begin in the foundry on
Russian market, according to a further
declined 2c, and is being quoted at 3Sc shell billets and the rolling mill may
report received bv the Department of
per pound. open later. Mr. Gilmore is the manager.
Trade and Commerce, Ottawa, from C.
Alvuninvun. The market is entirely F. Just, special Canadian Trade Com- The Steel Company of Canada, Hamil-
nominal. Supplies are so scarce that it missioner. Mr. Just gives an extended ton, Ont., has made arrangements to in-
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN 51
Ford-Smith Grinders
Safety First
i^KS^^^Hj^^^Sn
p
Our line of machines marks a
new notch in Grinder Service. k
We build all types and sizes
for Foundries and they are
standards in the most conserva-
tive and up-to-date foundries.
take care of the large orders it has re- quired for the equipment of the North- for additional shells just as soon as the
ceived from England and from the Cana- western Railway of India. Copies of present ones are turned out.
the forms of tender, etc., have been re-
dian Car & Foundry Co.
ceived by the Government at Ottawa.
Tenders for Scrap. Sealed tenders
A. M. Mosley, who for the past few for the purchase of a quantity of scrap
Thousands of brass and steel boiler
3'ears has been manag-er of the National metal at the Dominion Arsenal, Quebec,
tubes are called for.
Tube Works at Fort William, Ont., has will be received up to noon of Thursday,
left for Guelph, Ont., where he will as- The Spelter Outlook. A large Un- the 23rd day of September, 1915. The
sume a similar executive position with ited States producing interest quotes quantities are approximately as follows:
the Page-Hersey Co., an affiiliated con- spelter deliveries around the end of the Lbs.
Brass, etc Kj.OOO
cern. year at 16y2 to 17 cents, and spot metal Charger steel 81,120
18 to 181/2 cents. The scarcity of spot 'Steel, tool, lumps 13,950
.Steel, mild, lumps 129,2-32
American Foundrymen's Association. spelter has been largely overcome by the TurniTigs 72.074
The headquarters of the American output of the smelters. Export orders
Cast iron 1S3,84S
Foundrymen's Association during Con- have dropped off, and although exports
The prices should be for delivery, ex
vention Week City will be
in Atlantic have been large over recent months,
stores, Dominion Arsenal, Quebec, ma-
the Hotel Traymore, instead of the terial to be removed within 30 days after
these shipments represent orders placed
Marlborough - Blenheim, as first an- acceptance of tender. All the scrap is
some time ago.
nounced. loose, and information required may be
Nickel Output of Canada. Tiie out- obtained from the Superintendent, Do-
New Hamburg, Ont. On August 20 a put of copper-nickel matte in Canada in minion Arsenal, Quebec; or Department
fire broke out in the plant of the Electrv 1914 was 46,396 gross tons, valued by of Militia and Defence, Ottawa.
Meteor and Stamping Metal Co., ami the producers at the smelter at $7,189,-
the entire building and contents wmc 031. It contained 28,895,825 lb. of cop-
destroyed. The factory was managed jier and 45,517,937 lb. of nickel. The
by John Messner and employed about <::=: tounage smelted was 947,053 The Catalo gues
75 hands. The loss is estimated between I'rodnction in 1913 was 47,150 tons of
$30,000 and $40,000, partly covered by maite containing 25;875,546 lb. of cop- The Mott Sand Blast Mfg. Co., New
insurance. per and 49,676,772 lb. of nickel. An York, N.Y., have had prepared for dis-
increase was thus shown in copper con- tribution four write-ups of different
Steel Billets Higher.
reported
It is
tent and a decrease in nickel. The sand blast machines which they manu-
from Pittsburgh, Pa., that the constant- world's production of fine nickel in 1913 facture. Copies may be obtained upon
ly increasing demand for shrapnel bar application to the company.
approximated 34,000 tons, of which the
is causing the price of steel billets to
jump, until a maximum limit has been
Canadian ore contained 24,838 tons.
Forcing Presses. Catalogue No. 92
reached, and buyers in the open mar- Steel Co. of Canada. Figures of deals with the line of hydraulic forcing
ket are declaring quotations to he pro- earnings of tiie Steel Co. of Canada, for presses made by the Watson-Stillman
hibitive. July, are not yet available, but it is Co.. New York. A number of presses for
learned that they were well in excess of various purposes are described and il-
Nickel Commission at Work. The On- the June figures, which indicated profits lustrated, making altogether a very com-
tario Nickel Commission got down to plete line. Included is r copper hand-
at the annual rate of 21 per cent, on the
business on September 10, when it paid common stock. In the first half of 1915, press for shell work.
a visit to the smelters at Deloro, Ontario. the company did a gross business of
The commission will form its own "Wrought Iron Railing, Entrance
about $6,400,000. Its best year's gross
itinerary, having been given almost carte Gates and Wire Fencing" is the title of
was 1912, when orders totalling nearly
blanche by the Hon. G. Howard Fergu- a 64-page handsomely illustrated cata-
$16,000,000 were filled. Gross in the
son, Minister of Lands, Forests, and logue issued by the J. W. Fiske Iron
second half of 1915 should be at least
Mines. Works. 78-80 Park Place, New York.
$10,000,000, wliieh would make the year
Tins catalogue also includes outside
Canada Iron Corporation It is an- a record one. Net earnings for 1915 are
lighting fixtures, mesh wire work for tool
nounced authoritatively that the affairs conservatively estimated at about $3,-
and stock room enclosures, and orna-
of the Canada Iron 'Corporation, which 200,000, this estimate being based on
mental iron grille work.
went into liquidation about two years suppositious earnings of $400,000 month-
ago, and the assets of which were taken ly for the second half. Exhausters. The Oneida Steel Pulley
Co., Chicago, have issued a bulletin
over by the Canada Iron Foundries, L/td.,
will be wound up about the end of the
Canadian Car & Foundry Co. Ad- describing
111.,
J'liLmm^lMlMIMlMIMlMliSaEglMl'JSqiW^igiSgl'^^
Canadian Hart
GRESOUTE WHEELS
for Cast or Chilled Iron Grinding
HAMILTON, CANADA
i
If what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
54 C ANA I) I AN V UNDKY MAN
give the principal dimensions and ship-
ping weights of each size. The bulletin
has been gotten up particularly with a SEE US AT OUR CONVENTION BOOTH 414
view to furnishing information for ex-
porters, as the weights are given in
both pounds and kilogrammes, and the
shipping measurements in both cubic
feet and meters. The bulletin is fully
illustrated.
POWER SQUEEZERS
Increase your Ca- Made in three designs
pacity at a lower
and sizes P o r t a b e 1
"MONARCH"
SERVICE
IS TOP-NOTCH IN RESULTS
AND ECONOMY
1915-
Canadian Foundryman,
143-153 University Ave.,
Toronto.
Name
Address
Position
Firm
/=*
A Air foi Jolt Rniniuiug. B SiiiKlc-iiiocc \',ilvi' iitv Jolt Itnimning. C
Aiitojiintic Exli.uist
from Jolt Rammer. D Open
lietwecn i)lunKi'i' iml rnmmiiig- liead of machiiie tliroiijili
.ioiiit
wliic-h exhaust esfapes. E 14" leather sheet scrvin as impai-t snrfai-e during jolting and
valve clnsing surge ports FF during squeezing.
F Surge ports to prevent suction and
cnshion under s(|Uoi'ze i>lnnger ('uring .Tolt Ramming. <; Air inlet poi't for sciueezing.
A new Mumford invention with exclusive features that prevent any approach to it-^ advantages in any
other machine,
Savino- of time, kdior and expense make a cold and inadequate description of its value after you
have u.'jed or beheld this machine in operation.
We extend an invitation to all Canadian Foundry men who attend the convention to call and see us.
Make it your business to see this machine on the very first day of the exhibit. It will be found tcith all
fJie other superior types of Murnford Molding machines at
If luhat you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
58) CANADIAN F UNDRY M AN
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 59
SIXTHIt
WHY overcomes most bad castings because they usually
result from blowing of the cores caused by poor
venting.
we know it will
"Buffalo" Brand Vent Wax is the simplest and best way to vent
save you money any core.
ASK YOUR SUPPLY HOUSE OR WRITE US FOR SAMPLE.;
AND PRICES, AND LET IT PROVE OUR CLAIMS.
ANODES
Any style or shape
In
CRANES Don't
crane or
buy
hoist
a
which are
1 1 r d.
added
To
from it make the partment of Sci-
pattern for any ence and Tech- chapters on Core-
kind of casting nology, Pratt In- ni a k i n g and
under any condi- stitute. 160 pp., Molding. 214 pp.,
tion. The allow- ICO illus. Cloth 312 illnstrations.
ances for shrink- binding. A prac- Cloth binding
age, draft, and tical guide to Dealing with the
finish are ex- modern methods practical experi-
plained. Simple of molding and ence of foundry
and built-up pat- casting in iron, work, tools re-
terns of all kinds brass, bronze, quired: woods
are clearly treat- steel and other adapted for the
ed. Various spe- metals, from work; turning:
cial cases are simple and com- and all kinds of
taken up, such as p eX 1 patterns, patterns. Price,
pulleys, cranks. including many postpaid .. $1.10
a
P &H"
Single
Line
Grab Bucket
Yon can go right ahead moving heavy
castings or flasks, draAving large cores,
ponring with heavy ladles and what-
GLUTRIN
RCG. U S. f AT. CFF ever else you use your crane for. Then
when that car of sand, coal or coke
GLUTRIN being used success-
is
comes in, slip the bucket on the crane
fully in the making of cores ranging
hook and begin to unload at the rate of
in weight all the way from one-tenth
of an ounce to twenty-two tons, with One Ton a Minute
ratios running from i to 30 to i to and at aCost of
200 and over, covering, practically, One Cent a Ton
every phase of the art of metal
from 10 to 20 laborers on any opera-
It re|)l!ices
casting.
tion in foundry where labor i.s usually
the
Write for free illustrated booklet. recjuired, such as Filling Flasks, Cutting and
Mixing Sand, Digging Pits, Cleaning Floors,
etc.
ROBESON PROCESS COMPANY Ask for BuUcHn 101.
GRAND MERE, P. Q.
Selling Agents :
Pawling & Harnischfeger Co.
The Dominion Foundry Supply Co,, Limited Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Montreal, P. Q. and Toronto, Ontario.
The nrh'rrt iscr iron Id like to know wliere yon saw his rtdvertisemeni- -tell him.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 6i
Air Compreseorg. Buckets, Grab J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Cupola Blast Gauges,
& Rot>e3on Process Co., New York City.
Berkshire Cleveland, O.
Mfg. Co., Pawli!ig Hamischfeger Co., Mil-
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Go, of waukee, Wis. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Canada, Toronto. Buffing and Polishing Core Machines, Hammer. Hamilton, Ont.
Canadian IngereoU-Rand Co., Ltd., J. W, Paxson Co,, Philadelphia, Pa.
Montreal, .Machiner.v. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Can. Niagara Derice Co., Bridgeburg. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi- Harvey, 111,
C\irti3 Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. cago, III.
Louis. Mo. Buffing and Polishing Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Cupola Blocks.
Indcponilmt Pneumatic Tool Co., Chi- Compositions. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd,,
R. Bailey & Son, Toronto.
cago. HI. Hamilton, Ont. Wetwter & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Oshom Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.
W. W. Wells, Toronto.
Buffs. Core-making Machines. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton, Hamilton. Ont.
W. W. Wells, Toronto. Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O,
Ont.
H. S. Carter * Co., Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
A. R. Williams Machy. Co., Toronto. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Burners, Core Oven. MumfoiTl Molding Machine Co., Chi-
Alloys. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
cago. 111. Cupola Blowers.
Philadelphia, Pa. Monarch Eng. &
Mfg. Co., Baltimore.
Oshmn Mf^. Co., Cleveland. 0, Can. BufTalo Forge
Co., Montreal.
Ajax Metal Co.,
J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa.
P'rederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Can Sirocco Ltd., Windsor, Ont.
Co.,
Frederic B. Stevens. Detroit. Webster & Ltd., Montreal.
Sons,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Cars, Core Oven.
Monarch Eng. &
Mfg. Co., Baltimore,
Anodes, Brass, Copper, Nickel, Sheldons, Limited, Gait, Ont
Zinc, H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Core Oils. Stevens. F, B., Detroit, Mich,
Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Cataract Refining Co., Buffalo, N.Y,
ton, Ont. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Cupola Lilnings.
W. W. Wella, Toronto. Harvey, 111. Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. H, 3. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Ammeters. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Hamilton, Ont, Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Chas. J. Menzemer, Niagara Falls. Cars. Sand Blasts. Hamilton. Ont.
Core Ovens. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown, J.
Babbitt Metal Md. H, S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Stevens, F, B Detroit, Mich,
Ajax Metal Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Castings, Brass, Alnmlnnm and Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Cupola Twyers.
Barrel*, TnmblliiK. Bronze. Hamilton, Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal. ton, Ont, Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Steveus, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Oven Equipment & Mfg. Co., New
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ham- Cast Iron. Haven, Conn. Cuttlng-off Machines.
ilton, Ont Frankel Bros., Toronto. Sheldons, Limited, Gait, Ont.
Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker- Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Tille, Ont.
Castings, Aluminum and Brass. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Cyanide of Potassium.
Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton, Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Harvey, III.
Ont, ton. Ont, W. W. Wells, Toronto,
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., F. W. Quinn, Hamilton, Ont Core Wash. Drying Ovens for Cores.
Haney, 111, Castings, Nickel. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland. O.
W. W. Wells, Toronto. Core Wax. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Barrows, Foundry- Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Wheelbarrow Co., Milwaukee, Cars, Foundry. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Harvey, lU.
Sterling
Wis. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto, Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. United Compound Co., Buffalo, N.Y. Dynamos.
Boiler Graphite. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. W. W. Wells, Toronto.
Cranes
Joseph Dlzon Crucible Co,, Jenes Frederic B. Stevens. Detroit.
Dust Arresters and Exhausters.
City, N.J. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Pawling & Hamischfeger Co., Mil-
Pangbom Coi-poration, Hagerstown.
Webster & Sons, Limited, Montreal. Harvey, 111. wankce, Wis.
Md.
Blowers. rb<<in Blocks. Cranes, Travelling and Jib.
Herbert Morris & Hoist
Dryers, Sand.
Cn, BuSfalo Forge Co., Montreal. Crane Co., Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., 31.
T.td. Toronto. Louis, Mo, Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown,
Canadian IngersoU-Rand Co., Ltd.,
Montreal. John Millen & Son, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Md.
Can. Sirocco Co., Ltd., Windsor, tjau riinplets. Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker- Elevators, Foundry, Hydraulic,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. nsbnrn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. ville. Ont. Pneumatic.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd,, Ham- Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton,
Ont. A. R. Williams Mach. Co.. Toronto.
ilton, Ont. WelU Pattern & Machine Works Equipment Canadian lngeroll-Rand Co., Ltd.,
J, 8, McCormlck Co., Pittsburg, Pa. Limited. Toronto. Whiting Foundry Co.,
Harvey, Montreal.
Monarch Kng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. 111,
Hagerstown,
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
rbnrcoal. Pangbom Corporation,
Sheldons, Limited, Gait, Ont. Wehs*pr fr Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Cranes, Electric and Hand Md.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Power. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Haney, III. Chemists, H, S, Carter & Co.. Toronto.
Haney, III,
Blast Gauges Cupola. Toronto "Testing Laboratory. Ltd., To-
ronto.
A, R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto,
Dominion Bridge Co., Montreal. Emery Stands.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
Hamilton Facing C''<*it>ca!o. Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton,
Mill Co., Ltd., Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co.,
Hamilton, Ont. W. W. Wells, TnrrvTitn.
Ltd.. Toronto. Fans, Exhaust.
H. 3. Carter & Co., Toronto. r'-ini>er'. F^euinatic Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker- Can. Buffalo Forge Co., Montreal.
Sheldons, Limited, Gait, Ont. ville, Ont. Can. Fairbanks-Morse Co., Montreal.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Iii'lrnen'^^nt Pnenmafic Ton! Co.. Chi- Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton,
caso. 111. Can. Sirocco Co., Ltd,, Windsor, Ont
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Harrey. HI. Da'- T.inorl rriiclhles. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
^ff^'n^^n^h-^a^7e^l Cmcible Companv, Harvey. 111.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Boxes, Tote ritt'bnri!. Pa.
Cranes, Hydraulic, Hamilton. Ont.
Sterling Wheelbanow Co., Milwaukee, Sheldons, Limited, Oalt, Ont
Wis.
Cl-'niiis. Core Box Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
National Clamp Co., Phiragn, 111, Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Fillers (Metallic).
Brass Melting Furnaces, Flask Harvey, lu.
ClT>iT>s. H. 3. Carter & Co., Toronto.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. NationalClamp On,, Chicago, III. Crucibles. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich,
Hamilton Facing Mill
Conner. Phospliorized Dixon Cnidble Co., Joseph, Jersey
Co., Ltd.,
A^n\ Metal Co., Philadelphia, Pa. City, N.J, Shelton MeUUic Filler Co., Derby,
Hamilton. Ont. Conn.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Core Binders. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa, H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Fillets, Leather and Wooden.
Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Hamilton, Ont.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit
R. B., Philadelphia.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Seidel,
Whiting Fouadry Equipment Co., J. W, Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. F. B,, Detroit, Mich.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Stevens,
Harvey, 111, Robeson Process Co., New York City. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
MoCulloch-Dalzell Crucible Company,
Core Box Machines. Hamilton, Ont,
Brushes, Foundry and Core. Pittsburg, Pa,
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Fire Brick and Clay.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. J. S. MeCormick, Pitt.sburg, Pa, Cupolas.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. R. Bailey & Son, Toronto.
Manufacturers' Brush Co., Cleveland,
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa, H. 3. Carter & Co., Toronto. H, Carter & Co., Toronto,
S.
Ohio. Core Cuttlng-off and Coning A. R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto. Gibb, Alexander, Montreal.
Osbcm Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Machine. WelMter & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd.,
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelplila, Pa, Brown Specialty Machinery Co.,
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Hamilton, Ont.
Chi-
Frederic B. Stevens. Detroit, cago, 111.
Hamilton,
Ont, Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore,
TT. R. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Monarch & Mfg. Co., Baltimore,
EIng. J. W, Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Brushes, all Kinds. Hamilton Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker Stevens, F, B., Detroit, Mich.
Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
'Manufacturers' Bnish Co., Cleveland, Hamilton. Ont.
ville, Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Ohio. &
"'ehster Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia. Pa. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N,Y.
Osborn Mfg. On., Cleveland, O. Sheldons, Limited, Gait, Ont.
Core Compounds. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Fire Sand.
Sleeper & Hartley, Worcester, Masi, n. 8. Carter * Co., Toronto.
PonJ-Smlth Machine Co., Hamilton. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co,. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, Harrey, 111. Whitehead Bros Co,, Buffalo, N.Y.
62 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
The Foundry
and Machine Exhibition
THE TIME: SEPT. OCT. 1st, 1915
25th TO
THE PLACE: ATLANTIC CITY
The Foundry and Machine Exhibit on Young's Send your General Manager, your General Superin-
Million Dollar Pier will be the greatest display of tendent, your Purchasing Agent and Shop Fore-
labor-saving machinery and plant equipment ever men.
staged in the world's history. It will make them the best posted men in your
industry and give them ideas that will be of tre-
It willenable you at one time and place to see mendous value to you.
in operation the best machines and labor-saving There'll not be a dull moment, because our enter-
devices of the day so that your own eyes, and tainment committee has provided an endless round
not a salesman 's enthusiasm or a catalog story, of gaj^ety.
will be your guide. REMEMBER THIS A week spent in Atlantic
You will meet the aisles and in the exhibits
in
City at this time can be made the most profitable
one of the whole year for you.
captains of industry, who, like yourself, are attend-
ing for the purpose of studying, comparing and Think about Talk
it about itThen Come.
choosing plant equipment and supplies. Let us make vour hotel reservation now.
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 63
Flasks, Snap, Etc. Hoisting and Conveying .Yielding Sand. Sand Blast Rolling Barrels.
Berkshire Mfg. Co., CleTeUnd, O. Machinery. Kami, ton Facing
Quelph Pattern Works, Ouelph, Unt.
Mill Co., Ltl., Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown,
Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co., Hamilton, Ont. Md.
Osbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Ltd., Toronto. J. W. Paxson
Co., Philadelphia, fa. Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co..
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Northern Crane Works, Walkerville. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Philadelphia, Pa.
Sterling Whetlbarrow Co., Milwaukee, A. R. Williams Machy. Co., Toronto. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T.
Wis. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Harvey, 111.
Sand Blast Devices.
Molding Sifters. Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi-
Foundry Coke. Hoists, Electric, Pneumatic.
cago, 111.
Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich. A. R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto. Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Canadian Ingersoll-Band Co., Ltd.. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown,
Montreal. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T. Md.
Foandry Equipment. Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., of Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Uo.,
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Canada, Toronto. Ovens for Core-baking and Philadelphia, Pa,
A. R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto. Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St.
Louis, Mo, Drying. Sand Conveying Machinery
Webster <& Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co., Osbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Standard Sand & Mach. Co., Cleve-
Hamilton, Ont. Ltd., Toronto. WhitJng Foundry Equipment Co., land, O.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co.. Baltimore. Nortliem Crane Works. Walkerville. Harvey, HI.
E. H. Mumford Co., Elizabeth, N.J. Pawling & Hamischfeger Co., Mil- Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Sand Mixing Machinery
Mumford Molding Machine Co., Chi- waukee, Wis. Standard Sand & Mach. Co., Cleve-
cago, 111. E. Woodison Co., Toronto.
J. Oil and Gas Furnaces. land, O.
Northern Crane Works, WalkerrlUe, Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Facing Vulcan Engineering Sales Co., Chi-
Harvey, 111. Hamilton Mill Co., XM.,
Ont. Hamilton, Ont. cago, 111.
Osbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltlmo.e. Sand Molding.
Panirbom Corporation. Hagerstown, J. W, Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Md. Hoists, Hand, Trolley. H, S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, .Mich.
J. VV. Pajtson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton Facing Co., Ltd.,
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Northern Crane Works, Walkerville. Hamilton, Unt.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., HerlKrt Morris Crane & Hoist Co..
Patterns, Metal and Wood.
J. W. Paxson Co., PhUadelphia, Pa.
Har\ey, 111. Ltd., Toronto. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, .Mich.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Limited. Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Foundry Parting. Harvey, 111. Guelph Pattern Works, Quelph, Ont. Sand Sifters.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Hose and Couplings. F. W. Qninn, Hamilton, Ont.
Web!rter & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Wells Pattern & Machine Works, H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg, Canadian Ingersoll-Rand (Jo., Ltd.,
Ont. .Montreal.
Hamilton, Ont. Pattern Sho<> Equipment. Hamilton
Osbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland. O. Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., Cleve- Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
land, O. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Hamilton, Ont,
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Hamilton Pattern Works, Hamilton.
Independent Pneumatic Tool Co., Chi- Osborn .Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich. Hamilton Facing Mill Ltd,
cago, 111. Co., J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.
Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo. N.Y. Hamilton, Ont. Standard Sand & Mach. Co., Cleve-
Ingot Metals. J. V\. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. land. O.
Foundry Facings. Frankel Bros.. Toronto. F. W. Qulnn, Hamilton, Ont. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
H. 8. Carter & Co., Toronto. Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Iron Cements. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Harvey, 111.
Hamilton, Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Pig Iron.
Mnnaich Gng. & Mfg. Co.. Baltimore. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Sand Shakers.
Osbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland. O. Smooth-On Mfg. Co., Jersey City. Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.8.
J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Stevens, Frankel Bros.. Toronto. Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi-
F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Detroit. Mich. cago, 111.
Stevens. F. B.,
Co., Buffalo. N.X.
Iron Filler. Phosphorizers.
Whitehead Bros. Saws, Hack.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. McCnlloch-DalMll Crucible Company,
Fnrn>e Itinini;. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton,
Pittsburg, Pa. Ont.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T.
Hamilton, Ont. Smooth-On Mfg. Co.. Jersey City. Separators, Moisture, Oil
Hawlejr Down Draft Fumaoa Co., Stevens. F. B.. Detroit, Mich.
Plumbago. and Sand.
Easton, Pa. Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown,
Monarch Eng. &
Mfg. Co., Baltimore. l<adles. Foundry. H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto.
W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa, Md.
Stevens. F. B., Detroit, Mich. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. J.
Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. Mich. Sieves.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Osborn .Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.
Furnas. Hamilton, Ont. Stevens, F. B., Detroit. .Mich.
Northern Crane Works, Walkerville, Plating and Polishing Supplies.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Ont. Osborn .\Ifg.Co.. Cleveland, O.
Hamilton, Ont. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore.
Havrley Down Draft Furnace Cow,
W. W, Wells, Toronto. .Silica Wash.
Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.
Eaaton, Pa. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Pneumatic Paint Spray. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. Mich. Small Angles.
J. W. Paison Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Can. Niagara Device Co.. Bridgeburg,
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Ont, Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N,8.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich. Harvey, HI.
Whitmu' Foundry Equipment Co.,
Polishing Wheels. Soapstone.
Harvey, 111. Laille Heaters.
^^ebster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland. O. Hamilton Facing .Mill Co., Ltd.,
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co., Hamilton. Ont.
Furnaces, Brass. Easton, Pa. W. W. Wells, Toronto.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Ramming Plates and Machines. Special Machinery.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
Ladle Stoppers, Ladle Nozzles, Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd.,
Oshorn .Mfg. Co.. Cleveland, 0.
Hamilton, Ont. and Sleeves (Graphite). Montreal.
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Jo., Wells Pattern & Machine Work<,
Pa. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Osbom .Mfg.Co., Cleveland. 0.
Limited, Toronto.
JDaston,
Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Seidel, R. B., Philadelphia.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Sprue Cutters.
t. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. McCulloch-Dalzell Cmcible Company,
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Pittsburg, Pa. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, Rammers. Pneumatic Hamilton, Ont.
Oshorn Mfg. Co., Cleveland. O.
Harvey, 111. Melting Pots. Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., Cleve-
Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
land, O.
HamiJtoTi Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Independent Pneumatic Tool Co., Chi- F. B. Shuster Co., New Haven, Conzt.
GoKKles. Hamilton. Ont. Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich.
cago, 111.
Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co., Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Vulcan Engineering Sales Co., Chi-
Philadelphia, Pa. Stevens F, H., Detroit, Mich. Retorts. cago. 111.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Tren- Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
Graphite Products. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Jonathan Bartley Crucible Co.,
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., ton. N.J. Siiueezer Molding Machines
.Metallurgists.
Hamilton, Ont. Mumford Molding .Machine Co., Chi-
Jonathan BarUey Crucible Co., Tren- Canadian Laboratories, Toronto. Riddles. cago, 111.
ton, N.J. Charles O. Kawin: Co., Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
McCulloch-Dalzell Crucible ComjMuiT, Frankel Bros., Toronto. Hamilton. Ont. Squeezers, Power.
Pittsburg, Pa. Toronto Testing Laboratories, Toronto. Osborn Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. O.
Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Davenport Machine & Foundry Ca,
Millville Gravel. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, P. Iowa.
Grinders, Disc, Bench, Swing. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich. Hamilton Facing MUl Co., Ltd..
H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto, Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton Hamilton, Ont.
^fixers. Mumford Molding Machine Co., Chi-
Ont.
Perfect Machinery Co., Gait, Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Rosin. cago, 111.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Osborn Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. O.
Grinders, Chaser or Die. Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal.
Molders' Tools.
Geometric Tool Co., New Haven. Rouge. Steel Rails.
Conn. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Wm. Dobson, Canastota, N.Y. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Dom. Iron & Steel Co.. Sydney. N.S.
Grinders, Electric Stevens. F. B.. Detroit. Mich.
Independent Pneumatic Tool Co., Chi- Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Sand Blast Machinery. Steel Bars, all kinds.
cago. 111. Hamilton, Ont. Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi- Dom. Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.S.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Northern Crane Works, Walkerville,
Grinders, Pneumatic, Portable. cago, 111.
KEEPING UP A STANDARD
Best materials expert workmanship every care the experience and the
fame of 40 years to keep us up to the highest notch of efficiency.
McCULLOUGH-DALZELL CRUCIBLES
are the very best made. Send us your next order.
McCULLOUGH-DALZELL CRUCIBLE CO., Pittsburgh, Pa.
ADVERTISING INDEX
Ajax Metal Co 9 Indeijendeut Pneumatic Tool Co. . . 10 Paxson Co., J. W 54
Bartley Crucible Co 8 Kawin Co., Charles C Robeson Process Co 60
Brown Specialty Machinery Co. ... 4 Inside Front Cover Seidel, R. B 8
Can. Hart Wheels, Ltd 53 Lundy Shovel & Tool Co 59 Standard Sand & Machine Co 6
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co. of Manufacturers Brush Co Sterling Wheelbarrow Co 5
7
Canada 9
MeCulloug-h-Dalzell Crucible Co. ... 64 Stow Mfg. Co 4
Davenport Machine & Foundry Co. 54 McLain 's System 1 Tabor Manufacturing Co 11
Dominion Iron & Steel Co 12 Midland Machine Co 64 Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast
Dobson, Wm 54 Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co 55 Co Front Cover
Ford-Smith 51 Mumford Co., The E. H 57 Toronto Testing Laboratories, Ltd.. 54
Foundry & Machine Exhibition Co. . 62 Muraford Molding Maeh. Co 3 United Compound Co 59
Gautier, J. H., & Co 8 National Clamp Co 59 Vulcan Engineering Sales Co 3
Northern Crane Works 59
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd 49 Webster & Sons, Ltd
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co... 64 Osborn Mfg. Co. Inside Back Cover
. . .
Outside Back Cover
Holland Core Oil Co 58 Pawlins' & Harnischfeger Co 60 Wells, W. W 59
CANADIAN F UNDRY MAN
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= -iiuiitiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiimniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiii;iiriiiiiiiiiiri:iMtiti|iriiriiiiniiiiiiiinnniiimniiiniii:iiiimiin h
Filll^lllll11lnIr^l;1lllIl^l>rrlll1^m1|lm'llr^l^lli|lllIlrll^;l^1^l^^ll1IlllM1l1l11]1111l11ll1ll1l^ll1l1l]1<11lll^
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
Meritorious
Our reputation stands hack of evei-y line that we sell to the trade
we realize that it's to onr interest that onr i^oods give a maxinnnn
of sei'vice and satisfaction.
Our service the right goods at the right {)JMee, delivered on the dot.
Correspondence invited.
^NADIANleipgpAJ^
^.^{y JL, AND
Our Sands are all loaded from our own properties by men who
have had years of experience in this work. Each grade is care-
fully selected for your particular line of work. These are two
reasons why so many particular foundrymen specify our pro-
ducts.
Our organization consists of prac- that you are much better off for
tical, expert foundrymen who having called him to your assist-
devote entire time and knowledge ance.
to turning losses into profit. When Kawin Service has put many of
we your foundry every
enter the largest as well as the smallest
department undergoes the uner- progressive foundries on a better
ring judgment of carefully trained paying basis.
men and our report and recom-
mendations cover the source of
WE POSITIVELY GUARAN-
loss and practical remedies are
TEE 100 PER CENT. ON
suggested to eliminate such loss.
YOUR INVESTMENT WITH
US, without the necessity of new
Kawin Service is not a game of equipment.
chance. You take no chances ASK US TO CALL AND
whatever, for Kawin asks no DEMONSTRATE WHAT WE
recompense until you have been CAN DO AT OUR OWN
assured to your entire satisfaction EXPENSE.
Charles C.
CHEMISTS -
KAWIN Company, Limited
FOUNDRY ADVISERS METALLURGISTS -
Berkshire
Air Squeezers
The machme you are looking
for. It ha.s no equal. This is
The Berkshire
Universal
Universal power molding
machine for Malleable, Gray
Iron or Brass foundries. Split
patterns, match plates or
plain gates. All molds ex-
actly, alike. Anyone can
operate it. A powerful, con-
venient, well - built power
molding machine.
The Berkshire-
Acme Core Machine
No screws to wear or grind
out. Uses multiple dies.
Three cores same time on
at
all sizes and including
up to
1". Two cores from 1" to
ll^". Makes any shape core Berkshire Vibrators, ^" to 2
that will pass through a die.
The faces of the plungers are The right workmanship and material, based on years of
cupped, so that they fill with experience, go into our vibrators, insuring satisfactory service
sand which becomes the ram- and durability; absolutely guaranteed, and all parts inter-
ming face. changeable.
// what you want is not advertised in th's issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
^"""\ 'X
i w"%
X.
\ At
the back of this, and every issue, you will find two pages
known as our "Buyers' Directory." You will find listed here
practically every foundry requisite that you might be in need of.
If
In the majority of cases you can secure further particulars by
consulting the advertising in the same or a preceding issue.
Should you find that further information is necessary, as is usu-
ally the case, you can ask for catalogues and full particulars.
11 Mind you, we do
not claim that all firms making a particular
line are listed our Directory, but those who are can be
in
relied on as being progressive, reliable, and as prepared to handle
your inquiries in an eminently satisfactory manner. If their
selling methods are up-to-date, you can safely assume that their
products are also.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
143-153 University Ave. TORONTO
CANADIAN F U N DRY M A N
99
Monarch
Furnaces
STAND BEHIND
A MORE
PROFITABLE
MELT MONARCH"
Double Chamber
Metal Furnace
for Copper, Brass,
Bronze, Aluminum, Iron
and Steel, etc.
OIL OR GAS FUEL
The two chambers cau be used al-
ternately. The exhaust heat from
the active or primary chamber flows
into the other chamber, thereby
simultaneously melting in one cham-
ber and heating the metal in the
other chamber to very near the
melting point with one burner and
at no additional cost.
Makes melting practically continu-
ous, permitting melts of various mixtures of
metalS' to follow one another in rapid succes-
sion.
Cuts melting: costs iK'arly in two.
THE
MONARCH -Crown"
Tilting Coke-Coal Furnace
I Brass, Copper, Bronze, Aluminum, Nickel, Silver,
Gold, etc.
Designed for those who do not clesiro tn use oil or gas fuela.
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
r A N A D I A N F O UN D R Y AI A X
Good Castings
Good Cores
Thorough
Mixing
Old Sand
Strength
Finish
You Get the Good Things and Eliminate the Bad With a Standard
These are the paddles used iu a Standard, which mix the sand 100 times a minute
and not merely turn it over as you would with a shovel. That is why foundries tell us
they save from 5% to 50% of Binder.
There is a Standard for every size foundry. One to sixty t(ns per hour.
A Air for Jolt Ramming. B Automatic Single-piece Valve for .Tolt Ramming.
C Exhaust
fi'om Jolt Rammer. D Open joint between plunger and ramm.ing head of machine
through which exhaust escapes. E %"
leather sheet serving as impact surface
during .iolting and valve closing surge ports P'P during srjueezlng.
F ^Surge ports to prevent suction and cushion under squeeze plunger
during Jolt Ramming. G Air inlet port for squeezing.
A new Mumford invention with exclusive features that prevent any approach to its advantages in any other
machine.
Saving of time, labor and expense make a cold and inixUfiuafe descri[)tion of its \alue after you have used
or beheld this mach.ine in operation.
The action of our valve is to automatically gauge the air used to the load.
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN F UN DKY M A X
BROWN SPECIALTY
THE ELECTRIC DUPLEX SHAKER MACHINERY CO.
Equipped with A. C. or D. C. Motor. 2448 West 22nd Street, Chicago
POWER SQUEEZERS
Increase your Ca- Made in three designs
and sizes^ P o r t a b e i
pacity at a lower
Sand StraddHng, which
Cost of Production pass over the sand
and Eliminate de- heap.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
You Will
!4^^-,f,:'s.
Never Know
G^LXJXRIN
REG. U t. PAT- CFP
Glutrin is a labor-saver because it mixes very real Semi-Steel until you know Mc-
easily with the sand.
Cores bound with glutrin bake quicker, Laiu's Semi-Steel. grey iron
It beats
which means an increased oven capacity, and stands at the top of the list of cupola
a saving in fuel.
Glutrin can be put to a greater variety of metals
insuring castings that are
uses than any other adhesive used in the foun- clean, strong, tough, close-grained, free
dry, thus simplifying stock carrying.
Glutrin is a very strong binder; consequently from all defects, the delight of every
it takes comparatively very little of it to bind a mechanical engineer.
batch of sand.
JMany founders in various parts of the world
have discovered these economies a.sociated with
the use of glutrin. Are you one of them? Foundrymen making imitation
Semi-Steel will soon be out of
ROBESON PROCESS COMPANY
GRAND MERE, P. Q. the running
Selling Agents :
The Dominion Foundry Supply Co., Limited Many of them are putting it over on
Montreal, P. Q. and Toronto, Ontario. the machine shop trade, using only 3%
to 10% steel when Semi-Steel is or-
dered, instead of 25% to 50% steel.
I M PR OVE D siil
are forging ahead.
// what you want is not advertised in lh>s issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN F UN DRY MAN
"WAtiANA"
MACHINE CAST PIG IRON
ALL METAL NO SAND
Chill C^.si''SJNDLESS''?\^ Iron
melts quicker or with lower fuel
consumption than Sand Cast Iron.
Machine Cast Iron is shipped 2,240
pounds to the ton, and it is All Metal
no sand.
SALES OFFICES :
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
The Foundrymen's Convention and Equipment Exhibition
Every firm in the foundry or other manufacturing business realizes and appre-
real, live
be derived from presence at such a function as the recent American
ciates the benefits to
Fovndrymens' Association Convention and its affiliated Exhibition, held recently in Atlantic
City, N.J. On the particular occasion there was perhaps a more than usual tribute paid the
benefit feature, large representative attendances and keen interest being expressive of it.
A.I.M. achieved, we understand, a new all live problems entering into the work- molding sands, the reclaiming of same,
high record, the actual figures being 884. a-day activities of foundrymen. whether uinldinii' machines, etc.
Attend;anee figures at the exhibition were officer or operator, and no more effective
A. I. M. Papers
also largely in excess of any previous way to have them individually and satis-
year. A fairly comprehensive pro- factorily solved,, can, we
imagine, be sug- The sessions of the American Institute
gramme of what might aptly be termed gested than through their systematic in- of Metals were quite on a par with those
the triple function was given in our Sep- vestigation by just such a body as the of the A. F. A., both in the matter of
tember issue, and, in this and succeeding American Fo,undr^^nen "s Association. high qi-alityand wide scope of subjects
issues we will reproduce papers read, diseussfd, and as regards attendance and
A.F.A. Papers
and describe in more minute detail equip- interest displayed. Metals are entering
ment shown. The convention of 1916 The subject matter of the papers read largely into the manufacture of muni-
has been tentatively planned to be held at the various sessions of the American tions of war at the present time; there-
in Cleveland, Ohio. Foundrymen's Association covered the fore, their production, maintenance and
A total of 64 reports and papers was widest possible range, and may be said conservation against the most urgent re-
presented. .'JD of these being credited to to have embraced within its scope every quirements is a consideration of supreme
the American Foundrvmen's Associa- dejiartment of foundry work. In number moment. Furnaces, electric and oil, for
MACHINERY HALL EXTENSION, FROM UPPER END, FOUNDRY .\ND MACHINE CO. EXHIBITION, ATLANTIC CITY. N.T.
188 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
the production of castings, development hibits will be described and detailed at New Officers, A. I. M.
of alloys and the growing use of alum- length in succeeding issues. The machine Jesse L. Jones, of the Westinghouse
inum on its own account and as a con- tool exhibit for obvious reasons was al- Electric & Mfg. Co., East Pittsburgh,
stituent of the latter may be said to in- most wholly absent, at least in compari- was elected president for the ensuing
dicate in a general way the field covered. son with the display at Chicago in 1913
Attention was directed, however, to the
year, while W. M. Corse, of the Titanium
and 1914.
Alloy Mfg. Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y.,
fact that the scientific side of many of The usual banquets and entertain-
the subjects was given undue prominence, ments for ladies accompanying the re- was re-elected to the joint office of sec-
it being in many cases almost impossible jiresentatives were provided, and these, retary and treasurer. Vice-])residients
for the ordinary brass foundryman to added to the amusement and healthful were elected as follows: R. S. B. Wal-
follow the detail intelligently. That the facilities for which Atlantic City alone lace, National Cash Register Co., Day-
criticism was both given and taken in on this continent bears the palm, contri- ton, 0.; Geo. C. Stone, New Jersey Zinc
the proper spirit became evident when buted to make Foundrymen's Week both Co., New York; W. G. Harris, Canada
the chairman of the Papers Committee profitable and enjoyable. Metal Co., Toronto; C. B. Home, Pack-
intimated his intention to have included Fitting references were made and re- ard Motor Car Co., Detroit; W. B. Price,.
in next year's programme one or more solutions adopted with regard to the
Scovill Mfg. Co., Waterbury, Conn.; E.
papers of a quite elementary and non- losses sustained by the American Foun-
A. Barnes, Ft. Wayne Electric Co., Ft-
technical nature. drymen's Association through the deaths
Wayne, Ind.; Dr. S. H. Burgess, bureau
since last convention of Thomas D. West
Foundry and Machine Co. Exhibition of standards, Washington, D. C. F. H.
and Edgar H. Mumford. ;
The Foundry and Machine Co. exhibi- Schutz, Mueller Mfg. Co., Decatur, 111.-
tion of foundry equipment and supplies
New Officers, A. F. A. H. S. Gullick, More-James Brass & Metal
was held on "Young's Million Dollar The following officers were elected for Co., St. Louis, and D. B. Browne, Gold-
Pier," and, while the most possible was the ensuing year: President, R. A. Bull, schmidt Thermit Co., New York.
MACHINERY H.\:T.L, LOWER END, FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO. KXHIBITION, ATLANTIC CITY. N..T.
nade of the space available as regards Commonwealth Steel Co., Granite City, Strengthened Aluminum. While al-
layout, it cannot be said that the same uminum
111.; senior vice-president, J. P. Pero, is made more suitable for many
facilities for setting off to advantage Missouri Malleable Iron Co., East St. mechanical purposes by alloying with
either still or operating machinery- the Louis, 111.; vice-presidents: Henry
A. 9 to 12 per cent, of cobalt,
latter particularly were available as in Carpenter, General Fire Extinguisher
too coarsely be strong,
crystalline to
it is still
more recent years. The consensus of Co., Providence, R.I. S. B. Chadsey, Mas-
;
but in remedying this by adding a little
opinion among exhibitors expressed, sey-Harris Co., Toronto, Ont.; Alex. T.
however, satisfaction with the interest tungsten or molybdenum, alloys have
Drysdale, United States Cast Iron Pipe
displayed and the inqliiries received. Al- & Foundry Co., Burlington, N. J.; H. E. been obtained three times the tensile
though nothing startlingly new was in P'ield, Wheeling Mold & Foundry Co.,
strength of pure aluminum. The best
evidence, it was quite apparent that Wheeling, W. Va.; Benjamin D. Fuller, results were obtained with 0.8 to 1.2
quiet, progressive development work had Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., Cleve- per cent, of tungsten and 8 to 10 of
been going on during the past year. land; W. A. Janssen, Bettendorf Co., cobalt, or 0.6 to 1 per cent, of molyb-
Equipment exhibits were in many cases Davenport, la.; H. B. Swan, Cadillac denum and 9 to 10 of cobalt. Increas-
brought to a higher degree of perfection, Motor Car Co., Detroit; A. H. Thomas, ing the tungsten or molybdenum and
modification of design and constructional Buckeye Steel Castings Co., Columbus, cobalt adds to the tensile strength but
details, together with ease of operation, O., and Walter Wood, R. D. Wood Co., makes forging and more difficult,
rolling
having been carefully considered. As al- Philadelphia. Secretary-treasurer A. 0. the tungsten alloys somewhat
being
ready stated, the more prominent ex- Backert was re-elected. harder than the molvbdenum.
Papers Read at the Recent Foundrymen's Convention
Selected from the more important subjects presented for discussion before the Annual
Convention of the American Foundrymen's Association and the American Institute of Metals
at Atlantic City, N.J., during September, 1915. The papers cover a wide field of foundry and
allied activity, the nature of the results and the completeness of the reports making them
of particular interest to all who desire to keep in touch tvith metallurgical progress.
THE CONVERIER IN STEEL CAST- the successes have been, probably, in ex- exceptions can be cited. Nevertheless, if
INGS MANUFACTURE cess of the failures. But we must not anyone is considering the application of
By C. S. Koch* lose sight of the fact that news of a suc- the converter to the steel foundry busi-
cess is published, while that of a failure ness, he would do well to give due weight
A WRITER
manufacture
some four or
of a
of
paper
steel
five years ago, start-
ed with the following words: "This
on the
castings,
is squelched. In
failures were not due, as
the early days,
we might
pose, to the crudity of the process, but
the
sup-
to the foregoing, because the statements
given are not the result of theoretical
considerations, but of a detailed analysis
of the history of the converter busines^
rather, as a rule, to the fact that in a
subject has already been discussed so
great number of cases the converter was for the past 15 years.
thoroughly before this association, that
being employed for purposes for which It will be noted that in the writer's
not many points remain uncovered."
it was not adapted and was being wrong- opinion, the reason for successful opera-
Since then there have been numerous ad-
ly applied. Better results have been ob- tion has been careful consideration of
ditional papers. Consequently, it has
tained in recent years because the users the maximum weight and the question
been difficult for the writer to dig up
have exhibited better judgment in the naturally arises, what is this? It will
something not yet touched upon, which
selection of the particular lines into vary in different localities, but is more
would still be of general interest. There
which they have entered. or less dependent on the proximity, ac-
have been refinements in many ways, but
This can be demonstrated by an anal- tivity and attitude of open-hearth steel
they are generally too detailed to go in-
ysis of the history of the converter foundries.
to. If one looks over the Transactions
foundries of the United States. In mak- Generally speaking, converter steel
of the Association, he will find a large
ing this analysis, trade conditions must costs more than open-hearth steel. Con-
amount of good matter on the converter.
be taken into consideration as they vary sequently other things being equal, such
He will find papers on its construction,
from one locality to another. plants can underbid the converter plant
its lining, its manipulation, and its chem-
The conclusions from this examination on all such castings as they can properly
istry, and all the details pertaining there-
seem to show that the following state- run. Therefore, if a converter foundry
to, all of which is of interest to those
ments are approximately true: is in a locality where open-hearth com-
who are in close touch with the sub-
ject. However, little is found in regard
1.
The application of the converter to petition is keen, the maximum weight of
the manufacture of a general line of the castings which it ordinarily can take
to the various factors which have tended
railroad car castings has not, to date, at a profit will be less than in the case
to make the converter a successful means
been a success. where such competition is remote or less
for making steel in many cases and
equally as disastrous in as many more;
2.
The use of the converter in con- active. In considering this competition,
junction with an open-liearth furnace there is another element that should not
little material is available giving reasons
why the converter is still being run in has not generally met with success. That be overlooked. The manufacturer of
is, the open-hearth foundries, which large, heavy castings naturally has a
some foundries after 10 or 15 years, and
have endeavored to add the converter to lower average overhead per ton, and un-
why it was run six months or less in
their equipment, have nearly always fortunately in many cases, this small
others. The writer proposes to discuss
given up this process after a short trial. overhead expense is spread equally over
this subject.
3.
Iron foundries which have endeav- the large and small work. In bidding,
Is the Converter Practical? ored to add the converter to their equip- this naturally puts the converter plant at
If, say 10 or 12 years ago, the follow- ment, except in favored conditions, have a disadvantage, with the logical tendency
ing question were asked, "Is the con- been unsuccessful. of restricting the converter plant to
verter a practical means for making 4.
Various manufacturing companies, eastings which the open-hearth cannot
steel for eastings?", the total number having a fair consumption of steel cast- run; that is, restricting it to smaller
of replies in the affirmative would have ings, have not by any means been satis- and smaller castings.
been fied with the results of making a small Effect of Increased Skill in Molding
less than 10. That
replies from
is,
men whose would justify
experience tonnage for their own use. Again, the tendency in some localities
their endeavoring to answer the question. Why Success Was Achieved is for the manufacturers of large cast-
The number of negative replies would On the other hand, the resume of the ings to encroach more and more on the
have been almost too great to record. The history will show the companies that field of the converter shop owing to in-
proportion would have been about nine have been successful, and in almost every creased skill in molding. It is believed
negatives out of 10 answers. If the same case it will be found that these com- by the writer that owing to various con-
quesition were asked to-day from the panies have employed the following ditions, greater skill in moldin? difficult,
same class of individuals, the trend of methods: medium-size castings was formerly pos-
replies would be just about the reverse. 1.
They have made steel by no other sessed by the converter plant. During
The converter process has about as large process. every dull period, in their desire for
a proportion of adherents to-day as it Thev have
2. adhered, as a rule, to a work, the manufacturers of lavpe cast-
had adverse critics 10 years ago. maximum metal line, or perhaps, we ings have gone after more difficult jobs.
Up until about 1905, the failures great- might say, weio-ht of casting. This weight This has developed their skill and o-iven
ly exceeded the successes. For the next has varied somewhat in different locali- them confidence.
five years, the number each way was ties, as competition and a few other We have already stated that in the
nearly equally divided and of late years, conditions have varied. past, success was more or less dependent
Port Pitt steel Casting Now all these causes for failure and on restrictions to small work, and these
Co., MrKeeseport,
success can be argued pro and con and latter consideration? show that in the
190 CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
future the converter plant will be cuni- Proximity to user is always a valuable It is an adjustment of classes that will
pelled to carry this restriction further. feature. follow.
There are, however, modifying features yiost all convex ter plants, even the Shop Practice
that should be given weight. There are successful ones, handle some large work. To return more particularly to the ap-
converter plants strewn all over the This is obtained on the basis outlined plication of theconverter, there are a
country, located in districts where previously, but it would not be safe to few fundamental principles of operation
ordinary competition from the cheap- bank too much on this as being a par- that it may be well to mention. These,
, IGEXKRAL VIi;\V IN ANNEX, FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO. EXHIIUTION. ATLANTIC CITV, N..T.
er metal does not exist. These reap ticularly lucrative part of your business. again, are not theoretical considerations,
profitsnot possible to others. For ex- From allof the foregoing it must not be but are brought to mind by a study of
ample, the plant may be at such a dis- concluded that the amount of work to be what has been accomplished and not
tance from outside competition that the done by a converter plant is to grow accomplished by the converter plants of
buyer is willing to pay a price sufficient- less. On the contrary, new uses for this country:
ly high to enable the converter plant to steel are being found, which will give The points I wish to make are as fol-
take the work with a reasonable profit. the industry more work than formei'lv. lows :
.MAOHINKIiY HALL EXTEN.^ION, FROM LOWER END, FOUNDRY \.\1) MACHINE CO. EXHIBITION. ATLANTIC CITY, N..I.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 191
1. Unusually good cupola practice is conditions daily. This puts the foreman It is estimated that defects common to
essential. at a disadvantage in guiding his molding gray iron castings are the direct cause of
'1.
The speed of the cupola should bo practice. tlie rejection, or loss, of at least 5 per
regulated to the speed of the converter, If the ideal shop temperatui-e is even- cent, of the iron castings produced. Some
that is, neither too slow nor too fast. tually attained, there still remains a patterns may have a better record, al-
3. Proper crane facilities arc neces- difficulty. The steel will be too hot for though many, also, will show a higher
sary. some castings and too cold for others, a)id percentage of loss. This estimate on the
The writer has endeavored to learn will burn in badly on some and not run average, however, is low. If this loss
the causes, (a) of complete failures, (b) others. To avoid this and many other were eliminated many foundries strug-
of the cases in which there was perhaps foundry difficulties, the policy of tho gling for existence today could not make
no real failure, but in whicli there was company should be toward a narrow a profit on their operations. The reduc-
a discontinuance in the use of the con- range of sizes. It will be argued that tion of the defective output is a prob-
verter, and
mediocre success. As
(c) .of this cannot be done in a jobbing shoii, lem of great importance and should com-
far as the steel-making end was con- which must take whatever comes. The mand the earnest attention of every
cerned, these could be attributed to a only answer to this is that such a state- foundryman.
bad combination of the three operations ment is like many others emanating from Ninety per cent, of all defects can be
listed. foundrymen. We are in a rut and not attributed to two causes, namely, in-
Holding- the cupola back in any way until we get out, and break away from competency and carelessness. However,
whatever, to wait for the crane or the antiquated, preconceived principles, will since it is exceedingly difficult to obtain
converter is not good practice, especially we attain the higiiest degree of success. competent and careful labor, the opera-
when the economical operation of the Establish your class and range of sizes making castings to-day
tions involved in
converter requires the use of a burden of and adhere to it. You will loose some must be so safeguarded and simplified
perhaps 40 per cent, steel scrap. It work to the other fellow and at the same that a lesser degree of experience, intelli-
should not be necessary to say much on time take some from him. In time your gence and care is necessary to the suc-
this subject to foundrymen, but strange plant will be operating on work for cessful operation of the easting plant
to say many converter foundries can be which it is best adapted, and your com- than heretofore. Classifying casting
adversely criticized on this point. Qual- petitor will be doing likewise. You will losses in the order of their causes, it will
ity and temperature of iron should be have made the first step in specialization. be found that 50 per cent, can be attri-
considered and if a large number of In conclusion, let me say that the first buted to the sand and its treatment, 20
heats are to be taken off, the time ele- step to take in the practical application per cent, to the cores, 10 per cent, to the
ment is essential. As is well known, a of the converter to the steel foundry is patterns, five per cent, to equipment and
2-ton converter will produce steel at the to specialize, being sure that it is on that five per cent, to the iron.
rate of two tons every 20 to 25 minutes. class of work to which the converter is What constitutes defects in gray iron
If 12 heats are produced daily, an un- best adapted. castings is another question of great im-
necessary delay of only five minutes per I'ortance. The standard of excellence
heat will aggregate one hour. It is well for the different classes of eastings
GRAY IRON CASTINGS DEFECTS
,
not to be obliged to start pouring any varies and consumers using castings of a
earlier in the day than is necessary on
THEIR CAUSES AND REMEDIES
similar nature for the same purpose, fre-
account of fumes and heat, but at the By Herbert M. Ramp* quently will have widely varying require-
end of the day overtime is not only
.VIACHINERY HALL, LOWER MIDWAY VIEW, FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO. EXHIBITION, ATLANTIC CITY, N.J.
are the molders instructed as carefully Poor or misused sand is the cause of are pointed out to him in no uncertain
to prevent the causes of small defects as more defective castings than any other terms. In other words^ in most in-
ofthose which are more apparent. factor. It has a decided influence on stances, what should be well-intended
Thefoundryman usually becomes the cost of the product and may be the instruction, is mere denunciation. Any-
provoked and exceedingly angry when means of establishing a reputation for one can find fault, but a man must study
a molder has a run-out or breaks a cast- high grade or poor eastings. It is the his business if he wants to place himself
ing hot. He views this in the light of foundation upon which the entire foun- in a position where he may be able to
exceedingly poor workmanship, but he dry structure is built. Suitable sand correct bad practice. The average
considers in an entirely different spirit ineans better and cheaper castings, molder does not lose a casting on pur-
a casting that is slightly scabbed or lower losses and an easier shop to oper- pose. He feels regretful over its failure,
dirty. The casting that is almost good ate successfully. It is one of the great but the average molder does not always
enough offers the most difficult prob- fundamentals of a happy business. know the underlying cause of defects,
lem and the cause of its defect, as a rule, nor how they may be overcome. He
Preparation and Use of the Sand
cannot be determined readily.
needs help, not hell, which he usually
Next in importance are the instruc-
Scabs, Cuts and Buckles receives.He must be taught the rudi-
tions regarding the preparations and use
ments of the business over and over
Scabs, cuts and buckles come and go. of the sand after its careful selection,
again, since the conditions of the trade
They vary with the temperament of the consistent with its cost. However, cheap
man who wields the rammer and the sand frequently is the most expensive are chang"ing constantly. This is the
vent wire and blossom forth with the raw material that a foundry ean buy. remedy that must be applied by the
use of too much water, too much finish- The sand must be mixed and tempered supervising force before the defective
ing^, too little venting and the use of for the particular work for which it is losses can be reduced. If the same en-
improper sand. When the foundryman requift'd ariii this must have the atten- ergy is expended in instruction as in
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN VJ3.
fuiidemuation, far more satisfactory re- same as any other refuse that rises to daily, the sand would he prepared by
sults will be achieved. the surface of the metal in the ladle, machinery and the different grades and
must be skimmed-off before pouring and ingredients would be carefully meas-
Dirt Another Cause of Defects
does not form a part of the iron. Oxides ured; different rules would be laid down
Dirt ranks as the second of the pro-
cannot, form, however, after the casting- covering the pouring temperature of the
lific causes of defective castings. From is poured. metal, as well as the methods of gating.
a molding standpoint, the casting may be
Dirty Iron. The foundryman would have a voice in
perfect, yet it is dirty in the rough, or it
the design of the patterns and he also
may display dirt spots in the finishin<>; Iron is unlike most of the non-ferrous
would have the patterns made, not the
operations. The number of excuses at- metals, in that it will form only a com-
clieapest way, but the most satisfactory
tributed as the causes for dirty castings paratively few combinations with the ex-
way for foundry use. Every possible
is legion, yet only two can be assigned ception of those produced in the blast
pattern would be mounted on a molding
for this defect. Either the iron does not furnace. It repels all but a few ele-
machine instead of placing so much de-
lie quiet in the mold, or against the ments that are taken up in almost con-
pendence upon the skill of the individual
cores, or dirt has been permitted to en- stant proportions and these only at ex-
operator. Either by lectures, by a school
ter the mold with the iron, or it was in treme temperatures. Regardless of the
course, or through technical papers,
the mold at the time when the metal composition or the character of the iron,
was poured. Occasionally the blackiilg if it is melted and poured fairly hot, it
would be imparted to the molders the
may wash; again the gates will cut, but will be clean. The sulphur may be, knowledge gleaned by the employers as
more often the dirt can be attributed 0.05 or 0.20 per cent, the manganese the result of the development of the
to the same cause as that of the scab may be 0.20 or 2 per cent., the phos- business. Premiums would be paid for
or buckle, namely, improper sand, or its phorus may be 0.10 or 1.25 per cent., high grade service and efficiency.
improper treatment. A casting will not but none of these varying contents of The foregoing and many more factors
be clean when the does not lie
iron these elements will make iron dirty m would contribute as remedies for defect-
quietly in the mold. The metal may not the castings. The iron may be' too hard, ive casting losses. Unfortunately, these
boil or agitate sufficiently to cause a too soft, too open; it may sihrink, crack,
needs cost money and the trail has to be
scab, yet its effect is apparent on the draw or warp, but dirt is not its inheri-
blazed; some must be pioneers in elevat-
finished casting. If the slag which ac- tance, nor its progeny.
ing foundry practice to a class where
cumulates on top of the iron is per- During the past 25 years, the author
definite standards exist and where defin-
mitted to enter the mold, the casting, has had direct charge of the mixing and
of course, will be dirty and this is true ite practice will produce definite results.
melting of more than 500,000 tons of
ajso if the gates cut or scab, or if the iron, but he has yet to find dirty iron The Personal Equation
uates or runners are improperly con- in the sense assigned for it by the mold-
structed, or are defective in any way. In a measure the personal
large
er. Why does a molder make nine cast-
Tt is possible to make a perfect mold,
ings good and one bad? Why does a
((|uation have to be limited and
will
yet if the gates are improperly made, molder make a clean record for 30 days particular jobs will have to be so safe-
the casting will be dirty and will prove and then lose everything he makes? If guarded that if Tom Jones lays off a day.
defective. Here again the remedy is a molder can produce 20 good castings his substitute won't make 50 per cent,
care and supervision. why is he unable to make 21 or 200? scrap; that if Mike Murphy has been
Sources of Dirt
These are the questions put up to the out the night before, he won't spoil his
foundryman every day and he has yet day's work; or, if a molder has sickness
An excuse generally offered for de- to give a convincing answer. First of at home, he won't forget some minor
fectives is dirty iron. This is the bul- all, there are no standards or set regu-
detail and ruin his casting. More of the
wark behind which the molder hides and lations governing foundry work. The responsibility, judgment and skill must
is the shield which he employs to cover
sand may be wet down more one day
his shortcomings. First of all, it might be taken away from the individual and
than another and this makes different
be well to direct attention to the fact the work must be placed upon a higher
the ramming, venting and finishing
that iron and dirt are enemies and have mechanical basis than it is to-day. Then,
problem if the castings are to be good.
nothing in common. The dirt refeiTed The iron may be colder and duller one only, will the beginning be made for the
to is the foreign substance that occurs
daj- than another, and this would neces- elimination of defects in castings. An
or forms on the upper side of finished sitate the use of gates of different size, honest comparison of the defective work
castings. Iron and dirt have no affinity or different pouring arrangements and of the ordinary jobbing foundry with
andi of widely different specific
are the cores may be swelled out of shape, that of the shop equipped for a special
gravities. Ninety per cent, of the so- which would require different methods line of work, proves conclusively that
called dirt in composed of
castings is of securing. The ilasks may be worn defectives can be reduced by placing
silica, alumina and magnesia and none
out and finally give way and a hundred operations on a higher mechanical plane.
of these is mixed with iron mechanically. otiier conditions may arise which never
They will not remain in solution by any are the same on subsequent days.
known process, but they may unite to
some extent chemically, event
in this Inexplicable Foundry Problems Tellurium belongs to the same chem-
changing the chemical composition of Little has been done in most shops to icalgroup as sulphur and selenium, but
the iron. This, of course, could be remove the many causes of defective unlike these two elements, tellurium is
readily determined. However, the na- castings, except in foundries specializ- a metal, and resembles antimony in a
tures of these elements are not similar, general way. Tellurium fuses at 500
repelling each other, which is indicated
ins' in a particular class of work. No
effort has been made to catalog the ills deg. Cent, and when heated above this
when such substance rises to the sur-
of the foundry and no one has attempted point it burns with a fine blue flame to
face of the metal in the ladle. Some
to place thefoundry business on a level tellurium dioxide, at the same time
of the different oxides contain iron, be-
ing formed while the iron is in a liquid with the machine shop. If this were evolving a very peculiar odor. com- Its
state and subjected to the action of the done, many and marvelous chanses bination with hydrogen forms the very
oxygen in the air. These oxides also are would be made. The patterns, core poisonous and colorless gas hydrogen
classed as dirt. However, this dirt, the boxes and flasks would he inspected telluride.
;
ELECTRIC ARC WELDING* The greater proportion of the heat gen- consistent results to have a control of
erated at the arc is at the anode, or ma- the energy at the operator's end of the
By Lieut. C. S. McDowell, U.S.N.
terial being welded (approximately 75 line. This control should require very
WELDING the joining- of two
is
per cent, of the total heat), when the few changes in the supplied energy and
pieces of metal of like or unlike
metallic arc is used. This is quite sat- is not overcome the variation of
to
characteristics by fusion, while
isfactory due to the greater means of energy due to changes in arc length. The
in the plastic state. The old definition
dissipation at the anode by radiation, temperature at the weld should remain
of welding was the process of uniting
convection and conduction. practically constant; a momentary in-
two pieces of metal by hammering them
Practically all the energy supplied to rush of current will burn the m&tal at
together while hot enough to be plastic.
the arc is dissipated as heat, only a slight that point and cause a flaw with the
Modern methods, however, of obtaining
proportion being given off as light, and chances of reducing the tensile strength
high temperatures by means of gases and
to regulate the amount of heat units and of the weld 50 per cent., or even more.-
electricity, has broadened the definition
thereby the temperature of a particular
of welding and brought in use additional Electrodes
shape and class of material, it is essen-
processes, to which the term "welding''
regulate the amount of energy sup-
tial to There are two methods of electric-arc
has been applied. It is the purpose in
plied to the arc as measured in watts. welding: one, the Benardes process, in
this article to describe only the Electric-
The maximum temperature of steel in which a carbon electrode is used; and
Arc Welding process, which it is pre-
the usual converter is approximately the other, the Slavinoft process, in
dicted will rapidly become the standard
1.800 degrees C, the melting being op- which the metallic electrode is used. As
method of joining sheet metals of all
proximately 1,400 degrees C. The tem- a result of the tests wltich have been
thicknesses, reclaiming castings, repair-
perature of boiling steel at atmosphieric conducted, and froan the experience of
ing broken machinery of all kinds, build-
pressure is approximately 2,450 diegrees otliers in electric-are welding, it is be-
ing up of worn parts, weldins: seams in
making C, while the temperature of the arc lieved that the carbon-electrode process
new boilers, tanks, etc.. of high-
stream may greatly exceed this. The re- is not suited for general work, some of
speed tools, repairing boilers, etc., and
sult is that in electric-arc welding steel the reasons being that much greater
an arc-welding: equipment will be a neces-
is being worked near a critical tempera- difficulty is experienced in maintaining
sary adjunct to every properly-equipped
ture. the proper temperature, and there are
machine shop.
The material to be welded should he in more chances of getting an excess of
Conditions for Successful Weldinp: n plastic state sufficient for the proper carbon in the weld.
intermixino- of the metal and obtaining In the Slavinoff process, which is near-
The essential characteristics of a suc-
cessful weld are: That the metal in the
of perfect fusion ; if
too low the added material will not ad-
the temperature be ly universally employed at present, it is
welded joint shall be free from impuri- necessary to have the metal electrodes
here to the original metal and the weld of such material that the deposited metal
slag and defects of all sorts; that it
ties,
will fall apart at the surface; on the in the weld shall have practically the
shall possess a sufficient amount of elon-
other hand, if too hi^h a temperature is same characteristics as the rest of the
gation, flexibilityand tensile stren2:tli
obtained the metal will be burnt and the metal of the object worked on. As cer-
and that the process of welding shall be
such as to reduce to a minimum disturb-
weld will be sreatlv weakened bv s'ag tain of the constituents of the electrode
ances in the texture of the surrounding: thus formed and will be of coyrse r'ld !'- are partially lost in the arc. it is usually
metal. In certain classes of work, flexi-
regular structures. The surfaces of the necessary to have the electrode contain
bility and elongation in the weld is of metals to be welded must tend ''o cohere an excess of certain materials over what
more importance than tensile strength. to a marked and tlie working
extent, is desired in the finished weld. The
The nnalitv of the weld obtained with t'mperature be that at which the
m.t'* amount of the loss of these constituents
forcciniiig condi'icn is mn-'t prominent. depends upon the temperature, and it is
electric welding is dependent on the fol-
lowing:: necessary in order to obtain desired and
Welding Condition Feature
1. The
furnishing of the correct
The best welding condition for iron
consistent characteristics in the finished
amount of energy at the weld for obtain- weld to have a constant temperature at
ing of the proper workins: temperatures and steel exists within a limited range the weld. The steel companies will guar-
of the material to be welded. of temperature only. The safe working antee the results with the electrodes
2.
The quality of the metal electrodes temperature depends somewhat on the which they supply, onlv if the svstem of
(the weldin<r wire^. material to be welded; an operator quick- arc welding: with which they are used
3. The skill of the operator. ly obtains the necessary experience to can maintain a constant temperature at
tell if he has the proper temperature. the weld.
The Correct Amount of Energy The amount of energy necessary to ob- The Operator
The material worked on. the anorle, is tain the proper tem;perature at the weld
A certain amount of skill and experi-
heated by the impinging of the cathode depends upon the size and shape of the
ence is required of the operator, no mat-
stream, by the julean heat developed by piece worked on, it being the amount
terwhat system of electric welding: may
the ohmie contact resistance and by the of energy necessary to supply the heat
be used; but some types of outfits re-
radiant heat given off the arc: the me- losses and keep the weld constantly at
the proper welding temperature. The quire much more skill and closer atten-
tallic pencil or cathode is heated by the
amount of enerf^y required varies as the tion than others, and it is considered
julean heat due to its ohmie resistance
whole masis of the article becomes heat- essential that the ideal system, should
to current flowing and by the slight con-
tact resistance at the electrode surface. ed, a greater amount being' required at require a minimum of experience and
first when the mass is cold; for this only normal mechanical skill. A system
From a pnper read hpfore the Amtrican
reason important in order to obtain
Society of Naval Architects. it is which depends primarily on the skill
-
of the operator cannot turn out con- trol is necessary,although a choke ooil for emergency repairs of all sorts. In
sistent work and is not suited to all ser- is advisable to prevent large inrushes of this connection may
be noted that the
it
vices. current. The amount of current varies British cruiser Glasgow put into Rio de
Fixtures with the size of the material to cut; Janeiro after the battle off Chile with
from 250 to 400 amperes being required several holes below or near the water
Certain companies claim that a flux is
for burning off rivet heads and light sec- line,and was aible, with the arc-welding
necessary to obtain good results, :but in
tion plates, while from 500 to 800, am- set which happened to be in Rio de
the tests conducted, all sorts of material
peres may be required on plates 4 inches Janeiro, to weld plates over the holes in-
and in all positions have been welded,
thick. This is a momentary load, hoiF- side of 24 hours and put to sea, taking
and the best results have been obtained
ever,and a 300-ampere continuous-duty with 'her the arc-welding set.
from system in which no flux is used.
machine is considered sufficient. It is
The claims in favor of the flux are that
necessary to cut away the edges of the
it blankets the weld by forming a gas
cut and remove the burnt metal.
around the material which prevents METALS USED IN MAKING SHELLS
oxygen reaching it and thereby prevents Preparation of Material to be Welded THE metals needed to execute the war
oxidation. This has (been proven not orders already placed are estimated at
The material be welded should be
to
necessary, by making similar welds first over 10 per cent, of the 1914 copper pro-
cleaned with a scraper or wire brush to
where oxygen was entirely excluded, and duction of the United States, about 7
remove oxides and prevent forming of
then under normal conditions in the air; per cent, of the spelter output and near-
slag, and it is also necessary to 'bevel
there being no difference in strength or ly 20 per cent, of the lead production,
the edge sufficiently so that the distance
structure of the weld. says the London Iron and Coal Trades
from the electrode to bottom of the
Another claim is that the flux acts as Review.
weld is less than that of the electrode
a scavenger to remove impurities from A British 18-pounder, or 3.3-in. shrap-
to any other part of the article, so that
the weld, but it cannot act in this way nel, requires 5 lb. dYs oz. of brass eon-
the arc will not stray. In thick plates,
unless the metal actually boils, and this tahiing 66 to 70 per cent, copper, or
where and especially in cast-
possible,
is a condition which, as previously nearly 3% ib. A small copper band
ings, usual to weld from both sides,
it is
around the shell adds 4% oz., making
shown, should 'be avoided. There are
and in this case the original material is the total copper 4.04 lb.
also certain users who believe a flux
pointed by beveling on both sides.
necessary for overhead work; but, in Spelter consumption for a shell of this
tests conducted, as good and consistent Applications of Arc Welding size is about 1.87 lb.
welds were obtained when welding over- Lead bullets weighing 7.92 lb. and
Durino' the past year the New York composed of 7 parts lead to 1 part anti-
head without a flux as in any other posi- Navy Yard has bad contract electric
tion. It is consirlered that in a good elec- mony, constitute the metal load of the
welding done on boilers of various ships.
trical welding system a flux is not neces- projectile.
Certain defective castings have (been
sary, and is simply an added expense Estimating the total orders for shrap-
Avelded, blow holes filled in others, and
find complication. nel and other sheLIs placed in the United
miscellaneous repair work has been done
States by Europe at 25.000,000 they
while the various machines were under
Automatic Control would call for a total of 101,000,000 lb.
test. Additional uses arc being devel-
While itrecognized that it is de-
is
of copper, 46,750,000 lb. of spelter and
oped as the advantages of the method
siraible to have as simple an equipment 173,250,000 lb. of lead. Actually the
became better known. A large saving in
as possible, it is considered necessary to
metal consumption is larger, as a fair
cost over other methods of repair have
have an automatic control of the input liroportion of the shells are 4.5-in. how-
been made on boiler jobs, in addition to
itzer shells using more brass; some 6-in.,
energy to the weld, the reasons for a saving in time, notwithstanding the
which biave. been previously mentioned, 71/^-in., and probably 9-in. shells are al-
large profit which the outside contrac-
so being made.
so that when the proper amount of tors have made on the jobs. A specific
Rifle cartridges are made of copper
energy has been determined for a par- application of arc welding is in the mak-
ticular job it will remain constant re-
mainly, 1 lb. of it being used in making
ing of high-speed tools, a piece of the
gardless of the varying of the arc length. 24 Lebel caritridlges, a type widely used
tool being made of ordinary steel while
by the French army. Every 125 of these
A system with fixed resistances de- high-speed tool steel is used for the cut-
take 1 lb. of spelter and a small amount
pends entirely on the skill of the op- ting edge only. Some of the various ap-
of nickel.
erator in maintaining liis are lenu'th plications are as follows:
constant and therelby the energy con- Steel consumption per shell varies
Building-up of worn wearing parts,
stant. This system gives good results at pins, rollers,
widely in different types. A finished
bearins-s. etc. welding of ;
PNEUMATIC VIBRATOR and producing a sand which is smooth, sion springs back of the adjustable rolls
products of the velvety and tough, and possesses an even being clearly seen. One pair of rolls ar-
AMON.G- recent
and regular vent. With the process as
.
to thoroughly mixing and tempering, the worm conveyor to the feed end of the re-
machine shown in Fig. 1 passes the ma- drum which
\olviiii' is provided with
KIG. 2. .Sl'ECI.VL .SAND MACHINE FOR
STEEII. FOUNDRIES.
terial through a pair" of rolls 12 to 18 buckets inside to deliver the sand to the
times, thus pulverizing all small lumps rolls within the drum. The pitch of the
of tandem or multiple rolls, as the ma-
drum carries the mix-
terial can be passed through the same
ture forward regu-
pair 9 to 36 times. These machines are
larly, so that the
all
designed to take the place of wet pan
sand is treated alike,
mills for core or facing sands.
and is discharged af-
ter being thoroughly The No. 1 machine has a capacity of
One roll is station- rolls 8 in. dia. x 4 ft. long. The No. 4
ary, while the other machine has a capacity of 360 cu. ft .per
is set against heavy hour, with 20 horse-power; rolls 16 in.
compression springs, dia. X 6 ft. long. Floor space required is
FIG. 1. MIXING. K<n>LIXG .\M) P.ONDTXG MACHTXE these, the compres- flame and little .smoke.
:
Metal Industry News be turned the extremes of scientific knowledge the two
events offer one of those contrasts which are character-
A Monthly Technical Journal devoted to the Foundry and Metal istic of an age of advancement.
Industries.
Knowledge feeds upon itself, and will not be sup-
PETER BAIN, M.E., Editor. pressed. Ambition is the fruit of knowledge and a nation
B. G. NEWTON Advertising Manager with no ambition is destined to ultimately sink into
OFFICES: oblivion. Unguided ambition becomes recklessness, and
CANADA when indulged in on a national scale induces catastrophe.
Montreal Rooms 701-702 Eastern Townships Bank Building,
Telephone Main 1255. Professor Arthur Schuster, F.R.S., delivered his presi-
Toronto 14^-149 University Ave. Telephone Main 7324.
dential address to the British Association on the subject
UNITED STATES
of "The Common Aims of Science and Humanity."
New Yorli R. B. Huestis, 115 Broadway, New York.
Telephone 8971 Rector. Although a man of German extraction, his deservedness of
Chicago A. H. Byrne, Room 607, 140 South Dearborn Street,
Phone Randolph, 3234.. such a high honor was fully recognized by the authori-
BostonC. L. Morton. Room 733. Old South Bldp., ties, and the subject matter of his address discloses a
Telephone Main 1024.
GREAT BRITAIN mind bereft of all traces of "kultur" and possessed of *
London The MacLean Company of Great Britain, Limited. that receptive, analytical and constructive ability which is
88 Fleet Street, E.G. E. J. Dodd, Director. Telephone Central
I'iSUO. Addre^ Atabek,
: London, Eugland. truly characteristic of the British scientist. .
Canada, $1.00 for two years; United States, $1.50 for two thousands of young minds who at the present moment are
years; Great Britain, Australia and other colonies. 4s. Cd., for two
years; other countries, $1.50 for two years. Advertising rates digging into the rudiments of science with all the enthusi-
on request. asm born of youth and novelty, advice for each one could
Subscribers who are not receiving their paper regularly will be found in Dr. Schuster's Address.
confer a favor by letting us know. We should be notifleil at
once of any change in address, giving both old and new. In discussing the question of scientific success, he
quotes a previous president who used these words regard-
Vol. VI. OCTOBER. 1915 No. 10 ing the qualifications necessary to make a man a great
scientist: "But, I hear someone say, these qualities are
PRINCIPAL CONTENTS not the particular attributes of the man of science, they
may be recognized as belonging to almost everyone who
Koundrymen's Convention and Equipment E.xhibition 187-188
has commanded or deserved success, whatever may have
Papers Read at tiie Recent I'oundrymen's Convention 189.193
The Converter in Steel Castings Manufacture Grey been his walk in life. That is so. That is exactly what I
Iron Castings Defects^
Thrir Causes and Remedies. would desire to insist, that the men of science have no
New Process Developments 194-105 peculiar virtues, no special powers. They are ordinary
Electric Arc Welding. .. .Metals- Used in Making ShelKs.
men, their characters are common, even commonplace.
New and Improved Equipment 196
Science, as Huxley said, is organized common-sense, and
Pneumatic Vibrator. .. .Sand Machine.
men of science are common men drilled in the ways of
Editorial 197
Science or Common Sense.
common-sense."
Plating and Polishing Department 198.200 The student who wishes to attain success and all the
Essential Elements of Sherardlzing. .. .Electro-plating happiness that accompanies the attainment of objects
with Cobalt. .. .Plating by Impact. .. .Questions and
Answers. sought, will find his path smoothed, his interest sustained,
Selected Market Quotations (Advtg. Section^ 24 and his accomplishments increased just so long as he
The General Market Conditions and Tendencies (Advtg. remembers that his successes must be based on common-
Section) 26-27
sense.
We commend a study of the Address to all thoughtful
SCIENCE OR COMMON-SENSE? students at this time, and offer these few lines from it as
subject of technical education. It is not very many years just as the object of a machine to economize effort.
it is
since discussions centered on the question, rather than the Logically, this definition is justified, and it may be the
subject of technical education. People, especially em- best that can be given, if we prefer using a technical ex-
ployers, looked askance at the benefits which the rising pression to confessing an emotional feeling. But why
generation of workers were supposed to be deriving from should we do so? Is it not better to recognize that hu-
those institutions, and the practical value of the training, man intelligence is affected by sentiment as much as by
to the employer at any rate, was assessed at what, to the reasoning? It is a mistake for scientific men to dissociate
student, was a discouragingly low value. themselves from the rest of humanity by placing their
The recent opening of the new Toronto Central Tech- motives on a different, and at the best only superficially
nical School marks what may well be regarded as a climax higher level."
lli
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF of time, cooled and articles then removed Atmospheric Effect
SHERARDIZING- from the zinc dust. From everyday Assuming oiici' more that the theory is;
By S. Trood practice, we note that if we desire uni- correct, atmospheric pressure will
the
form results in a manufacturing projiosi- ha\e considerable eff'ect on the process,
BEFORE going into tlie description
well to men- tion, we must liave uniformly arranged as the vapor tension of gases will varj-
of sherardizing, it is
details. So far as t'lf sherardizing is witli the pressure, and the gases will be
tion something about zinc.
concerned, the uniformity of eaeli step in more readily emanated in vacuum. If
Zinc is a peculiar metal of pronounced
relatively low in
the process is very vital and necessary we make use of a considerable vacuum,
characteristics. It is
for success. In trying to e.xplain what for instance, 28 ins. of mercury, the
and fusi-
malleability, ductility, tenacity
happens in the drum, the necessity of ionic discharge would be very effective.
bility when compared with other com-
uniformity will e.\])lain itself. To ])rove this, I created a vacuum in a
mon Zinc has a melting point of
metals.
Zinc dust is in a very tinely di\ided small sherardizing drum. In this case,
419 deg. C. and under atmospheric pres-
state, and each particle covered with the precipitation of zinc and iron took
sure a boiling point of 918 deg. C. While
zinc oxide. In this condition, zinc could place at a much lower temperature and
under vacuum, tlie boiling point is re-
lie heated above the melting point with- in considerably shorter time. Results
duced to 548 deg. C. On the basis of sil-
out fear of li(|uefying the mass, and be- were produced in ten minutes in a
ver at 100, zinc has an electrical conduc-
cause the zinc oxide is quite high fire- vacuum, whicli would require six hours
tivity of 29, a heat conductivity of 36,
resisting material of inert nature, it pre- at the same temperature, but under at-
and is practically non-corrosive in the
vents small (articles of heated zinc unit- nmspheric pressure.
"atmosphere, a thin protecting coating of
]
ing togethei' and creating a solid liquid It is a well known fact that the electric
carbonate of zinc forming upon it. Zinc
mass. It is also a well-established fact ]iotential is higher for pure gas than for
is one of the highest electropositive
that under these conditions solid matter a mixture of gases. Therefore it is quite
metals, having a potential of plus fl.49.3
advantageous to have pure zinc dust and
volts.
the iron in as pure a state as possible.
Although many of tlic common metals
AMERICAN ELECTRO-PLATERS* SO- ,\s before stated, zinc is one of the-
date their discovery to prehistoric times, CIETY. TORONTO BRANCH. metals which has the lowest difference in
yet zinc was unknown as a metal until Officers:
President John A. Magill, 591 St.
temperature between melting and boiling
discovered by Paracelus in 1520. Pre-
Cl.irens Ave.. Toronto. point, and this difference is quite low
vious to however, the action of zinc
tliis,
Vice-President William Salmon, 48 Oak under vacuum. This is another proof
ores upon copper under action of lieat Street, Toronto.
Secretary^Ernest Coles, P.O. Bo.^ 5 that, wit'i niirc zinc dust under vacuum,
was well known. Ilenchel in 1271 ]val)- Coleman, Out. the vapors will be created much more
lished an account of liis discovery that Treasurer
Walter S. Barrows, G2.'-
readily, ionically charged and precipitate
Dovercourt Road, Toronto.
metals when heated in calamine changed
PLACE AND DATES OF MEETING. tlie solids upon the surface.
their and in 1740, John
properties, The Occident Hall, corner of Queen
Cliampion, of Bristol, England, obtained and Bathurst Streets. Fourth Thursday Zinc Dust and Heat Factors
of each month, at 8 p.m.
a patent for tlie process. Two of the
From the above, we can draw the con-
i)rocesses of smelting zinc to-day date
clusion that uniformity of zinc dust is a
l)ack to 1805 for the Belgian process and
ciin be made
to sublime; in other words, \erv iiiqiortant factor. I'niformity of
1897 for the Sicilian process. Tn the
a solid can be })rought to a vapor, over- heat, however, is the same im-
of just
United States, the Government was the
stepping the licpiid form. j)oi'taiic(. since the higher the tempera-
use zinc, making the standard of
first to
According to authoi-ities, \aj(or ten- ture, tiie greater is the emanation of
weight and measure from brass.
sion for a small particle is greater than gases and, therefore, precipitation of
It has only been within the last cen-
vapor tension for a big body, due to the solids. This may be seen on sherardized
tury that zinc has been used commer- metal in the tyjiical "color lines."
difference in the ratio between surface
cially as a protection against corrosion,
and volume. Armstrong, Thompson, and With every increase of temperature,
and as a proof that the tendency of using with all conditions the same, the precipi-
other scientists have shown that a gas
zinc is toward the conservation of na- tation of solids increases and creates a
emanated from a solid has an electrical
tural resources, it will be seen that by
charge. From this, it follows that the deposit of a different character, and the
comparing the production of zinc and same is true with a decrease in tempera-
microscopically small atmospheres of
steel for the last four decades, the large retards the process and
zinc vapor surrounding these dust par- ture, which
increase each has been running
in These dif-
ticles are charged electrically, and due to creates a less dense coating.
parallel for the corresponding years.
their minute size, they may be considered ferences, which produce the stratified ap-
Process Features to iiave all the properties of ions. Iron pearance or lines of color, are quite dis-
being heated, also emanates gases which tinct under a microscope and mav ex-
In general, the process of sherardizing
plain the very fine microscopic checks.
consists in treating in zinc dust, articles pro('''ce ioniccharges. Iron and zinc
That the quality of iron to be sherard-
which it is desired to rust-proof. The have different electrical potentials, and,
ized has a similar effect on the process
zinc dust consists mainly of finely therefore, the ionic charges of zinc and
can also l)e readily understood, as emana-
powdered metallic zinc with zinc oxide. iron vapors will have a different poten-
tion of gases from iron depends greatly
After lacking in a suitable container, tial. If this is a fact, then discharges upon its composition. Particles imbedded
]
the wliole is heated for a certain |)erio(l must occur. Ionic discharges precipitate or stuck on the surface may also change
*Froni n paper leail at the American Insti- solids from uases, and in our case zinc the pofential.
tute of Motiils ('jiivcMtinn. held in Atlantic
Cltv. N..I.
and traces of iron would l)e i)rcciintated. The last ureal factor in the process.
;
:
the conditions are favorable to create the prevented. The weekly analysis of the Thickness ol Deiposit
effect.
To repeat: 1st, composition and working dust should show the iron con- After deposit of zinc begins, with all:
quality of the surface of the iron 2nd, ; tent. other factors well established, the thick-
composition and uniformity of zinc dust It was mentioned above that the size ness of the deposit depends solely upon
3rd, proper uniform tempei'ature 4tli. ;
of particle has an effect on a vapor the time. All other factors being con-
time, are the most essential factors in tension. Therefore, zinc dust must be stant, a good coating depends upon time,
the process of sherardizing. The prac- kept uniform in size. When the zinc be- and if the process is continued too long,
tical side of sherardizing depends solely comes caked or lumpy, it should be run a brittle and easily chipped coating will
upon the four factors just mentioned. through a tumbling barrel and' sifted result. This isdue to the wide difference
Sherardizing' is mostly applied to steel through at least 80-mesh screen. To keep in CD-elfuient of expansiqn and contrac-
anil iron in all its forms. Articles which practically the same metallic content, it tion between the zinc and iron, which
could not be heated, should not be sher- isnecessary to add to every charge, be- have co-efficients
of .00002532 and
ardized. All material should be ex- tween 8% to 10% of virgin zinc dust. .00001166 per degree centigrade, respec-
amined and rejected if it is scaly, cov- Weekly analysis of zinc dust should be tively.
ered with silica or any other impurities. made and the samples taken from the The coating which is being deposited
Preparing Surfaces for Sherardizing working zinc dust which has teen sifted when the temperature is going up is
The best method of removing the im- and well mixed together in one or several the most dense and durable next in ;
paratus is used, 350 to 375 C. would be every large sherardizing plant in the
Other impurities between .5% and 1%. United States, and, with very few excep-
the most suitable temperature, as within
The three most important elements to this range a very practical and service- tions, they still have some trouble with
be kept near the above percentages are the process. After analyzing the troubles,
able apparatus can be designed. There
Zinc which oug-ht not to be below 85%. found that the uniformity and relation
are some successful installations where I
Zinc oxide which ought not to be be-
gas as a means of heat is employed, and of these factors was not properly main-
low 8%.
here the drums are passing through a tained.
Lead which ought to be kept down to continuous tunnel oven going gradually I know at least one concern which
about 1.25%.
from the cold to the hottest zone and by using shot air blasting; very uniform
Although good sherardizing may be
then to the cold. and high metallic 'content zinc dust,
obtained if some variations from the
The size of the container and construc- which is periodically cleaned and mag-
above exist, the best results will be ob-
tained if the percentages are kei)t with-
tion have very much to do with uniform- netically separated and sifted; which
ity of heat, as, if the dimensions are
in these limits. Lead must be kept down uses electrically heated drums of proper
large, longer time is required to heat the
to the least practical amount, as experi- design, giving a controllahle uniform tem-
apparatus. Zinc dust is a very poor con-
ments liave shown that, when its per-
ductor of heat and articles hardly touch-
perature obtain very desirable results
centage runs too high, lumpy
deposits on sherardizing. The purpose of this
ing each other do not offer a good patli
will appear on the sherardized plain sur- paper, liowever, is not to describe the
for heat.
face and Avill also clog threads.
everyday methods of sherardizing, but
Continuous rotation of the drums
Free iron must be separated from the to point out the essential elements of the
eliminates to a certain extent those dis-
zinc dust as much
as practice will allow,
process.
advantages, since it produces a uniform
and in a well-established plant it is be-
mixing of the contents of the drum and The next step in sherardizir^g will be a
ing done at least once in four weeks.
allows the more heated particles on tlie continuous method in vacuum, for by
This will remove surplus small particles
outside to convect the heat to the centre. this method, the narrow margins of the
of iron, which are liable to become
lodged between the jaws or cotter pins, Packing the drum too tight will prevent atmospheric pressure process will be
etc., and thus cause trouble in assembly. a free flow of dust and heat, and conse- broadened and more uniform results
Bv cleanins' the dust tliis way, tlie me- quently different temperature zones will with' less effort will be obtained.
200 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
ELECTRO-PLATING WITH COBALT diately melted, and the heat causes it to I'lom polishing paste and are covered
THE results of recent tests in electro- be thrown out of the barrel against any with oil of a vegetable or animal nature,
plating with cobalt are summarized as object held in position for that purpose. the process is less difficult touse. Usually
follows:
Cobalt plating has a beautiful When a plurality of wires or a flat only a thin coating of copper is obtain-
bluish-white color. The deposit does not ribbon is used in order to cover a larger ed and subsequent nickel deposit is also
tarnish as readily as nickel; it is homo- area in a given time, It is found desir- thin and soft. Hard heavy deposits
geneous, with a fine, close grain; it is able to add a propelling force, and this which would increase the strain between
is done by introducing into the barrel be- the metals are to be avoided. The idea
smooth and not brittle, and will easily
withstand bending tests. The time re- hind the wire a small charge of explosive IS not new, similar methods have been
quired in order to secure a satisfactory gas. The melting of the wire explodes used in silver plating for many years.
deposit is much less with cobalt than the charge which projects the miniature Caustic soda and cyanide form the bulk
with nickel. Metallic cobalt costs more metallic particles that are momentarily of the solution, only enough metallic salt
than nickel, but the cost of the salts is suspended in the gas against the object being used to produce a very slow de-
of small importance in a comparison of to be coated. It has been found that posit, the principle of cleaning is iden-
the two as to economy in results. objects in great variety can be coated tical with that of the ordinary electro-
in thismanner, and that any electrically cleaning process.
Because of the greater conductivity of
conductive material can be used for the
cobalt as compared with nickel, a cur-
purpose. Question. I wish to ohlain a formula
rent of higher density may be used in
for a tin plating solution which will-pro-
combination with a solution of less con-
duce a thick deposit which is not spongy.
centration. The time required in the
solution with cobalt is one-third that re- Questions and Answers All tin solutions I have tried are prac-
tically the same in this respect, and
quired for nickel, and there is a similar
saving of time in the buffing-roora.
Question. We
manufacture a novelty therefore are of little value for high
made of lead and antimony, and have grade products.
trouble in copper plating the article. The
Answer. In one gallon of water dis-
deposit is not adherent, blisters form and solve 1 pound of caustic soda, then add
PLATING BY IMPACT
the cost of re-finishing is greater than 4 oz. of tin chloride. When the solution
A PROCESS of plating by impact has
cost of the piece finished. We would ap-
is clear, add 8 oz. of hypo-sulpliite of
been in course of development by C. F. soda and stir well. Use the solution hot
Jenkins ,of Washington, D.C., says the preciate some information regarding
for best results, butit will deposit while
Journal of the Franklin Institute. This plating the alloy.
cold. Current densities ordinarily used
process can best be understood if it is Answer. Wlien plating antimonial- on tin baths may easily be exceeded with-
remembered that, when an electric lead use a cyanide copper solution, not out danger of spongy deposits.
lamp bulb gives way, a discoloration of very rich in metal, and particularly weak
the inside of the bulb occurs, and also
that when a fuse plug "blows" the mica
in cyanide. Very little, if any, free cyan- Question. used in platins: baths
Is tin
ide is recommended and a weak current for bronze deposits? We have failed to
cover is discolored. This color is black find a formula specifyin? tin l)ut natur-
is necessary. Use the solution at a tem-
when the fuse is of lead, but it is a red- ally suppose it is required.
perature in the neighborhood of 120 de-
dish color when a piece of copper wire
is used.
grees Fahr. The deposit must not be
Answer Ordinary bronze platinc;- so-
lutions contain copper and zinc. Tin is
forced and very heavy coatings are not
This would seem to indicate some kind seldom used, and only for special work
usually required.
of deposit resulting from the blowing of produced according to specifications, or
the fuse, that it is not completely vola- contract. The copper-zinc solution is
tilized. Under a magnification of 300 Question We recently learned that
easier to manage, cheaper to maintain,
diameters or more, minute particles of one competitive firm clean and plate and equally as good for all practical pur-
the copper wire are discovered adhering their steel parts in the copper solutions poses. The usual proportions are about
to the cover of the fuse plug, and, when with one operation. The parts are neces- 9 per cent, copper and 1 per cent, zinc
a common visiting card is used for a sarily very oily when delivered to the for steel or iron hardware.
cover instead of the mica, a decided de- plater and while the practice of cleaning
posit is attained. Bepeated charges of in a cyanide copper solution may be prac- Question. Our product is of cast iron,
such a fuse result in a complete coating we finish it in nickel, copper and 'brass.
ticable we are doubtful in regard to its
of the card. When this surface is bur- Preparatory to jilating it is pickled in
commercial utility.
nished with some smooth, hard object, a vitriol and then polished, the usual clean-
shiny polished metal surface results.
Answer. The practice of combining
ing by boiling and scouring follows.
the electro cleaning of steel parts with
A fuse used in this manner is, in ef- Seventy-five per cent, of the pieces are
the copper plating is one quite prevalent
fect, a gun which throws out a shower often rebuffed to remove a stain or spot
of miniature shot so small as to be in- amonar manufacturers in the United which forms after placing the product
visible to the naked eye, and this would States, and is occasionally employed in in stock. This is verv expensive, and we
operate successfully for covering almost Canada. When the operation is guarded would like to know if some method could
any surface but for the annoyance of by a watchful operator and the essential he used to avoid the trouble.
the frequent replacements with short details of the bath carefully regulated,
Answer. Your difficulty is encouraged
pieces of copper wire. This led naturally the process is capable of producing very by the picklinsr operation. Sand blast
to the development of a special "gun," satisfactory results, as is proven by the part instead and less trouble will re-
into the barrel of which a copper wire some of the products of firms where the sult. If the brass or copper plated ar-
is continuously fed. A pair of small method is in practice.
ticles continue to spot out use extra care
rollers actuated by a motor pulls the in the rinsing and drying after plating
Ordinarily the method is a failure. If
wire off the supply spool and projects it and go over the entire surface rapidly
the goods are polished and reach the with a strong blast of compressed air.
across the barrel until the end touches
The inner lining plater coated with thick patches of emery treatment will expel the chemical
the opposite surface. Tliis
of the barrel and the propelling rollers paste, the copper-cleaning process is a which is causing: the stain and further
form a short circuit. The wire is imme- decided failure, but, if the parts are free treatment will be unnecessary.
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN 23
Foundry Supplies
and Equipment
When the wayfaring man thinks about a foundry,
his mind goes out to belching flame and darkening
clouds of smoke and steam, fiery furnaces and molten
metals. That is the generally accepted summary of
tne man who gazes from the corridor of a passing
railway train, upon this grim and grimy atmosphere
of passing light and shadow.
The foundry business is, however, a highly organ-
ized affair, and we claim a fair share of its varied
equipment. Take our FOUNDRY NECESSI-
TIES, and the place they fill in the modern foundry.
Without LADLES, FIRE BRICK, and CLAY,
CORE COMPOUND, PLUMBAGO, CORE
Coke or (-'liMi-coal Briskets ^.M:i
steel wire.
le tf galvanized
W^ASH, CHARCOAL, PARTINE, and other
foundry requisites, foundries would come to a dead
stop.
Since you need all these things, get the best. It is our
guarantee NOWthat the quality we supply can't be
surpassed anywhere and there are other essentials to
Beiuli Rniiniiers Miule from Maple Hardwood
complete the transaction, such as delivery, and ship-
well oiled.
ping facilities that we meet better than most others.
Place a trial order with us now and let the goods
speak for themselves.
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the hack.
. . .
Ammonium hydrosulphuret 35
Victoria, No. 2 plain. 22 00 20 50
.
Above quotations are per 100 lbs. Ammonium sulphate 07
Hamilton. No. 1 . . 22 00 20 50
Arsenic, white 10
TTaimltoTi \^() '^ 2^ (Ml ''O .50
Copper sulphate 10
MISCELLANEOUS. Cobalt Sulphate .50
i^nnnpr pa^tinf .19 Benzine, single bbls., per gal. . . ,18 Potassium sulphide substitute 20
.061/4 65 Silver chloride (per oz.) .65
Pure turpentine, single bbls 0.
CANADIAN F UNDRY M A N 25
FOUNDRY SHOVELS
that will fulfil every requirement.
'
TABOR
The Tabor Mfg. Company
10-inch Power Squeezer 18th and Hamilton Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.
The advertiser would like to know Is issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
;
26 C A N A 1) i A iN FOUND R Y M A N
The Canadian Furnace Co. report good
The General Market Conditions and Tendencies business. They are shipping about 700
tons of pig iron every day.
This section sets forth the views and observations of
men qualified to judge the outlook and w^ith vk'hom we
Wetland, Ont. It is reported that pre-
parations are being made to reopen the
are in close touch through provincial correspondents
plant of the Canadian Steel Foundries.
Toronto, Ont., Oct. 19. Indications solders are unchanged, but have a weak Charles Stewart, one of the senior
point to a return of better trade condi- tendency due to tin having declined. partners of Burrow, Stewart & Milne,
tions and a distinctly optimistic tone There is no change locally in the general founders, died at his home in Hamilton,
exists in business circles. The record situation. The general trend of business Ont., on Oct. 8, at the age of 78.
harvest means prosperity in the West continues the same, metal for munitions
Charles Partridge, at one time one of
war orders are keeping' many factories constituting the principal demand.
fully employed, the adverse trade bal- Tin.
The market is quiet and lower, the proprietors of the North Sidney
Foundry, North Sidney, C.B., died on
ance has been eliminated and railroad and comparatively little interest is being
shown by consumers. The one influence Sept. 14, aged 74.
earning;s now show an increase. The
steel trade is generally considered to be
the barometer of industrial conditions,
dominating the tin market in New York
is the expectation that the Britisli Gov-
Bathurst, N.B. It is announced that
a brass and iron foundry will be estab-
and in its present state of great activity ernment will impose a 10 per cent, tax lished here. Messrs. Frank and Percy
;ives reasonable grounds for hoping on its importation; there is as yet no of- McCallum, formerly of Chatham, are at
that the improvement in business now ficial confirmation of any such intention.
the head of it.
taking place is something more than No large business is looked for until that
temporary. The influx of large sums of question is settled, as consumers are con- Lieut.Col. Frederic Nicholls has been
money resulting fromwar orders cannot tent to wait. Tin has declined Ic locally appointed acting president of the Do-
help but stimulate manufacturing, and and is quoted at 37c per pound. minion Steel Corporation on account of
with the improvement in Canadian fiseai
Copper. The market is very dull, but the continued indisposition of the presi-
conditions will lead to a marked indus- ))rices are holding firm. Buyers have fair dent, J. H. Plummer.
trial development in the country. stocks on hand, but are reaching a point
The placing of orders
for larger shells where they will have to take on addi- G. T. Hollaway, chairman of the On-
which anticipated, and
is the repeat tional supplies. Prod'ucers are well tario Nickel Commission, has been mak-
orders for 18-pdr. shells in considerable stocked up, but are not inclined to offer ing personal inspection of refining plants
quantity indicates that the steel com- any price concessions. Quotations are in Ontario. Tic was at Orillia and Wet-
panies will be very busy for some time steady and unchanged at I91/2C per land recently.
to come. It is understood that the Do- pound.
minion Steel Corporation have decided to Spelter. The market for spot is weak- The Dominion Brake Shoe & Foundry
embark on the manufacture of shells and er owing to the
absence of interest on Co. has been incorporated at Ottawa,
that a large order will be placed with the part of consumers. Another influence with a capital of $200,000, to manu-
them for those of large calibre. Tliis lending weakness was a decline in the facture all kinds of brake shoes at St.
concern has for some time been actively London market. Spelter has declined Ic Thomas, Ont. Incorporators, James
engaged in producing steel for shells locally, and is quoted at 17c per pound. Stellar Lovell and William Bain, of Tor-
but not t'^rning out the complete pro-
Lead. The market is quiet and un- onto, Ont.
duet. changed. It is reported that Canadian
The galvanized sheet trade is some- consumers have closed! contracts for The Electric Zinc Co., Ltd., has been
what unsettled. Although the price of some good amounts of lead in addition incorporated at Ottawa with a capital
spelter has declined, manufacturers of to those recently placed. Quotations are of $24,000 to operate zinc smelters and
sheets are hesitating before makino- any firm at 6i/4e per pound. refineries at Sherbrooke, Que. Incorpor-
further change since the revision an-
Antimony. There is no change in the ators: Leland Drew Adams and Cliarles
nounced recently. situation and the demand does not show
Herbert May, of Oakland, Cal., and John
Pig Iron much improvement. Quotations are un-
P. Wells, of Sherbrooke, Que.
The chief interest in the market is in chans-erl at 35c per pound.
steel makin? grades, with low-phosphor-
Aluminum. Supplies are diminishing W. F. Angus, vice-president and man-
ous iron still the feature. Canadian buy- and the demand is increasincr heavily, aging director of Canadian Steel Foun-
ers have taken considerable tonnage due to war orders. Quotations have dries, has been appointed a director of
from the States. Among these is the reached a record level and are nominal the company, Canadian Car &
parent
Canadian Steel Foundries, who have at 60c per pound. Foundry, Montreal, to fill the vacancy
bouo-ht 7,000 tons recently and have in-
quired for 5.000 tons additional, the price Plating Supplies caused by the death of M. E. Duncan.
bein^' $25 at the furnaces. Foundry
He has also been added to the executive.
Thesituation with regard to plating
grades are qniet at unchanged prices. materials sliows no improvement and the Dominion Steel Foundry Co. An ad-
Metal Market scarcity of certain chemicals is boing dition, 100 X 160 feet, to the main
The metal market is dull and there is severely felt in the trade. Some lines foundry building of the Dominion Steel
little of interest to note. Tin and spelter have in-actically disappeared from the Foundry Co., Hamilton, Ont., is nearing
are lower, but aluminum has advanced. market, and a great effort is being made
completion. The company has installed
The copper market is steady as a re- to find satisfactory substitutes. A case
in this addition one 25-ton acid open-
sult of good demand for war munitions in point is potassium sulphide, which is
hearth furnace and one 30-ton Shaw
Vhieh shows no signs of abatement. The practically unobtainable, but a substitute
has been found at a considerably reduced electric 4-motor crane. The company
lead market is unchanged, but the posi-
tion of this metal is a good one. There jirice. Generallv speaking, prices of has also installed a complete outfit for
ia still some scarcity in supplies of anti- chemicals are holding firm, except nickel machining 3-inch British shrapnel shells
mony, but the demand lias not improved sulphate, which is weaker, and is now and machinery for finishing 4.5 howiteer
and quotations are stationary. Prices of quoted at 15c per pound. shells.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 27
The Sorel Steel Foundries Co., Ltd., cently issued Leaflets 3,805, 3,806, and description of the company's produt-ts.
has been incorporated at Ottawa with a 3,807 on the application of automatic Polishing and plating supplies are in-
capital of $100,000 to acquire and take control apparatus to cranes and steel cluded among the latter.
over as a going concern the business now They show the scheme of main
carried on at Sorel, Que., by Beauchemin
mills.
connections and describe the method of
Furnaces. The Monarch Engineering
& Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md., have issued
& Incorporators: Louis Phil-
Fils, Ltd. operation of the magnetic unit switches,
a and de-
series of bulletins illustrating
lippe Tremblay and Napoleon Latra- as arranged for the severe service of
scribing some of their products, which
verse of Sorel, Que. steel mill practice.
include portable "Simplex"' melting fur-
"Foundry Filosofy" is the title of a naces, tool room furnaces, core ovens, oil
booklet published by the Hill & Griffith burners, etc. Full particulars are given
Catalogues Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, manufacturers of of each type of equipment, and tables
foundry facings, supplies and equip- give the principal dimensions and capa-
The Westinghouse Electric & Manu- ment. The booklet is a combination of cities, etc., for each size. The bulletins
facturing Co., Pittsburgh, Pa., has re- "Filosofy" for foundrymen and a brief are fully illustrated.
WANTED
rUKEM.kiN .MOULDER KBQUIKED WITH
experience in cupola management one that
;
KEEPING UP A STANDARD
Best materials expert workmanship every care the experience and the
fame of 40 years to keep us up to the highest notch of efficiency.
McCULLOUGH-DALZELL CRUCIBLES
are the very best made. Send us your next order.
WWW/WW/WWWWW//W////W//WW//////W/////W/WW////////////////////^^^
Ey/y/vV>y/y>/y>/vV/iv//>/y^^>.^^^^^
7/ what you want is not advertised in th'S issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
2S CANADIAN FOU NDKY i\ I A N
"
f<fpf>f ii^iFm Ti
tswPmmimB m
-Sf;
1666 live.
M^MmSSS&iWm
Crucibles of Ouality
Tilting Furnace
UNIFORM CRUCIBLES
Service and Durability Our Specialty.
Ensure Economy
Catalogue on request
The advertiser would like to know where you Raw his advertisement tell him.
.
CA NA D IAN F U N DKY M A N 29
Air <'oinpres8or8. Buckets, Grab J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Cupola Blast Gauges.
Kobeson Process Co.. New York Citj.
Berkshire Mfg. Co.. Cleveland, O. Pawling & Hamischfeger Co.. Mil-
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
CJeveland I'nenmatic Tool Co. of waukee. Wis. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Can fid a, Toronto. Core Machines, Hammer. Hamilton, Ont.
Canadian Ingeraoll-Rand Co.. Ltd., Buffinn: anil Pollghins
.Machinery. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
J. W. Paison Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Montreal. Whitini Foundry Equipment Co..
Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg. lirown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi-
Can. W. W. Wells, Toronto.
cago, 111.
Harvey, 111.
Curtis Pneiimatic Machinery Co., St.
Louie, Mo. BufTini; and rolisbing Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Cupola Blocks.
Independent Pneumatic Tool Co., Chi- Componitions. Hamilton Facing .MUl Co., Ltd.. R. P.niley & Son, Toronto.
cago. 111.
Hamilton. Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. .Montreal.
W. W. Wells, Toronto.
o.-sbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.
Buffs.
Core-making Machines. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd
Smart-Turner Machine Co.. Hamilton, Hamilton. Ont.
Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.
Ont. \V. W. Wells, Toronto.
H. a. Carter & Co.. Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa.
A. R. Williams Machy. Co., Toronto. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich.
Burners, Core Oven. Mumford Molding Machine Co., Chi-
Alloys. cago. 111. Cupola Blowers.
Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Osbom .Mfg. Co., Cleveland. O.
.\jax Metal Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co.. Baltimore. J. W. Pa^tson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa.
Can. Buffalo Forge
Co., Montreal.
Frederic B. Stevens. Detroit. Osbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland. O. Can Sirocco Ltd.. Windsor. Ont.
Co..
Frederic R. Stevens. Detroit. Webster & Sons,
Ltd., Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., .Montreal. I-'rederic H. Steven".. L>etroit.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Monarch Eng. & Mf!t. Po.. Ralt-n^ore.
Anorirn, Brass, Copper. Nickel, Cars, Core Oren. Sheldons, Limited. Gait. Ont.
Core Oils.
ZiDC. H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Stevens. F. B.. Detroit, Mich.
Osbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 0. Cataract Refining Co., Buffalo, N.T.
Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil-
Equipment H. 8. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Cupola I/infngs.
ton, Ont. Whiting Foundry Co..
Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal.
W. W. Wells. Toronto. FTnrvey. 111. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Hamitrnn Facing Mill Co.. Ltd.. Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal.
Ammeters. Monarch Ene. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. "ornilton. Ont.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd.,
Menzemer, Niagara Falls. Hnllnnd Core Oil Co.. Chicago, 111.
Chas. J. Cars. Sand Blasts. tTamilton, Ont.
Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown, Core OTens. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Babbitt Metal Md. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich.
H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto.
Ajax Metal Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Casting^s. Brass, Alnminnnn and Webster & Sons. Ltd., .Montreal. Cupola Twyers.
Barrels, Tambllngr. Bronie. Hamilton Facing .Mill Co.. Ltd., Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal.
Hamilton, Ont.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Tallman Brass & Metal Co.. Hamil- J. W. Paxron Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. ton, Ont.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Steveus, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
B. Stevens, Detroit.
Osboru Mfx. Co.. Clevel.ind. O.
Frederic
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ham- Cnst Iron. Oven Equipment & Mfg. Co., New Cutting-off Maehlnes.
Haven. Conn.
Ont.
ilton, . .^
Northern Crane Works. Ltd., Walker-
Frankel Bros.. Toronto.
Sheldons, Limited, Gait. Ont. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
CastinjfS, Aluminum and Brass. FrMp'-ic B. Stevens. T>etroit. Cyanide of Potassium.
ville. Ont.
Smart-Turner Machine Co.. Hamilton, Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Whiting Foundry Equipment ^o..
W. W. Wells, Toronto.
ton. OnU Flarvey. III.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., F. W. Quinn, Hamilton, Ont. Dr.ving Ovens for Cores.
Core Wash.
Haney, 111. Castings. Nickel. Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland. O.
W. W. Wells. Toronto.
Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal.
Barrows, Foundry Core Wax. Wliitmg Foundry Equipment Co.,
Wheelbarrow Co., Milwaukee, Cars, Foundry. Haney. Hi.
Sterling H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto.
Wis, H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Webster & Sons. Ltd.. .Montreal. n.vnainos.
Webster A Sons. Ltd., Montreal. United Compound Co., Buffalo. N.Y.
Boiler Graphite. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co.. Baltimore. W. W. Wells, Toronto.
Joseph Dixon Crucible Co.. Jersey Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Cranes Dust Arresters and Exhausters.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co..
Pawling & Hamischfeger Co., Mil- Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown.
City,
Webster
N.J.
& Sons. Limited,
^ ,
Montreal. Harvey. 111.
waukee, Wis. Md.
Blowers. Chain Blocks. Cranes, Travelling and Jib. Dryers, Sand.
Buffalo Forge Co., Montreal. Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co., Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown,
Can.
Ingeisoll-Rand Co., i^td., Ltd. Toronto. Louis, Mo. Md.
Canadian
.Montreal. John Millen & Son, Ltd.. Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. ICIevators, Foundry, Hydraulic,
Can. Sirocco Co., Ltd., Windsor, unt. rhnplets. Northern Crane Works. Ltd.. Walker
Pneumatic.
Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Osbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 0. ville. Ont.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Ham Webster A- Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Smart -Turner Machine Co., Hamilton. A. R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto.
ilton. Ont. Wells Pattern & Machine Works Ont. Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Go., Ltd.,
J. 8. MoCormlck Co., Pittsburg, P. Limited. Toronto. \\'iiiing Foundry Equipment Oo.. Montreal.
Monarch Kng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Harvey, 111. Panpbom Corporation, Hagerstown,
J. W. Paison Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Charcoal Md.
Sheldons. Limited. Gait, Ont. Wehs'er & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Cranes, Electric and Hand Webster Jk Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
Whiting Foundry B<iulpment Co.. Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Power. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Haney. lU. Chemists. H. S.Carter & Co., Toronto. Haney. 111.
Toronto Testing Laboratory, Ltd., To- A. R. Williams Mach. Co.. Toronto. Emery Stands.
Blast C.auges Cupola. ronto. Dominion Bridge Co., Montreal.
Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., .MontreaL Ford-Smith .Machine Co., Hamilton.
Chemicals.
H.imilton Facing .Mill Co., Ltd..
W. W. Wells, Toronto. Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co.. Fans, ExhmiKt.
Hamilton. Ont. Lt'l.. Toronto.
H. 3. Carter & Co., Toronto. Chippers, Pneumatic Northern Crane Works. Ltd.. Walker- Can. BulTalo Forge Co., Montreal.
Sheldons, Limited, Gait. Ont. ville. Ont. Can. Fairbanks- Morse Co., Montreal,
Independent Pneumatic Tool Co., Chi-
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Sraart-Turaer Madiine Co., Hamilton, Can. Sirocco Co., Ltd., Windsor. Ont
cago, 111.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Harvey. 111. Clav Tilned Crncthles. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. Mich.
MoCiilloch-DalTell Crucible Company. Haney, III. Hami'iton Farfng Mill Co., Ltd..
Boxes, Tote Pittsburg, Pa. Hamilton. Ont.
Cranes, Hydraulic. Sheldons, Limited, Oalt, Ont.
Sterling Wheelbarrow Co., Milwaukee. Clamps. Core Box Welister & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Wis. National Clamp Co., Chicago, 111.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Fillers (Metallic).
Brass Melting: Furnaces. Clamps, Flask Harvey, 111. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. National Clamp Co., Chicago, HI. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Crucibles. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. Mich.
Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Copper. Phosphorired Dixon Cr.tcible Co., Joseph, Jersey Co.. Derby.
She] ton .Metallic Filler
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.. Ajax Metal Co., Philadelphia, Pa. City. N.J. Conn.
Hamilton, Ont.
Core Binders. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co.. BaItlmoi. Hamilton Facmg MUl Co., Ltd., Fillets, Leather and Wooden.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. H. Carter & Co.. Toronto.
S.
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton, Ont. H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto.
Frederic B. Stevens. Detroit.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Seidel, R. B., Philadelphia. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
Whitins Foundry Equipment Co.,
F. B., Detroit, Mich. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Harvey. 111. Robeson Process Co.. New Tork City. Stevens.
McCulloch-Dalzell Crucible Company. Hamilton, Ont.
Brushes, Foundry and Core.
Core Box Machines. Pitt-sburg, Pa.
Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Fire Brick and Clay.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. J. S. McCormick, Pittsburg, Pa. Cupolas. R. BaUey & Son. Toronto.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. H. Carter & Co., Toronto.
S. U. 3. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Manufacturers' Brush Co., Cleveland. A. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto.
R. Gibb, Alexander, Montreal.
Ohio. Core Cuttinj-olT and Coning Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Osbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Machine. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Hamilton, Ont.
J. W. Paxson Co.. PhUadelpMa, Pa. Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi-
Hamilton, Ont. Monarch Eng. &
Mfg. Co., Baltimoie,
cago. 111.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa.
H. S. Carter It Co., Toronto. Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich.
Brushes, all Kinds. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
ville, Ont. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
.Manufacturers' Brush Co., CleTcIand, Hamilton, Ont. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.T.
Ohio. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Sheldons, Limited, Gait, Ont.
Fire Sand.
(Jsbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Core Compounds. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich.
.Sleeper & Hartley, Worcester. Masa, H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Harvey, 111. Whitehead Bros Co., Buffalo, N.Y.
30 CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
Flasks, Snap, Etc. Hoisting and Conveying Molding Sand. Sand Blast Rolling Barrels.
Berkshire Mfg. Co., CleTdand, O. ^Machinery. Hami.ton Facing Mill Co., Ltt., Pangbom Corporation, Hageratown,.
Hamilton, Unt. Md.
Quelph Pattern Works. Gnelph, Ont. Herbert .Morris Crane & Hoist Co..
Tuguman-Brookabank Sand Blast
OsboiT) Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Ltd., Toronto. J. Pa-xson Co., Philadelphia, fa.
W. Co.,
Stevens. F. B., Detroit, Mich. Philadelphia, Pa.
J. W. I'axson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Northern Crane Works, Walkerville.
Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.Y. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.Y.
Sterling Wheelbarrow Co., Milwaukee, A. R. Williams Machy. Co., Toronto.
Wis. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Webster & Sons, Ltd., .Montreal. Sand Blast Devices.
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Harvey, 111. Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi-
Molding Sifters.
Foundry Coke. Hoists, Electric, Pneumatic. cago. Til.
Osbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgebtiis.
Stevens, F. R., Detroit. Mich. A. R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto. Pangbom Corporation. Hagerstowo,
Canadian IngersoU-Rand Co., Ltd.. Webster & Sons, Ltd., .Montreal.
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.Y. Md.
Montreal. Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast (JO.,
Foundry Kqiiipment. Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., of
Philadelphia, Pa.
H. 8. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Canada. Toronto. Ovens for Core-baking and
A. R. Williann Mach. Co., Toronto. Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. Drying. Sand Conveying Machinery
Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Louis. Mo. Osbnm Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Standard Sand & Mach. Co., Cleve-
Hamilton Facing Mill
Herbert Morris Crane Hoist Co.. & Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., land, O.
Co., Ltd., Ltd. Tnrontc
Hamilton, Ont. Haney, 111.
Monarch Km. & ^tfg. Co.. Baltimore. Northern Crane Works. Walkerville. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Sand Mixing Machinery
E. H. Miimfnr-1 Co.. Elizabeth. N.J. Pawling & Hamischfeger Co., Mil- Standard Sand & Mach. Co., Cleva-
Mumford Molding .Machine Co., Chi- waukee, Wis.
E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Oil and Gas Furnaces. land, O.
cago, 111.
Foimdry Equipment Co., Facing
Vulcan Engineering Sales Co., Chi-
Northern Crane Works, Walkerrllle, Whiting Hamilton Mill Co., Ltd..
cago, 111.
Ont. Harvey, 111. Hamilton, Ont.
Osbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Monarch Eng. Mfg. Co., Baltimoie,
ft Sand Molding.
Panebom Corporation. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Md.
Hager3t.own. Hoists, Hand, Trolley. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. Mich. Hamilton Facing Co.. Ltd..
J. W. Parson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Webster Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
.^- Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton. Ont
Stevens. F. R., Detroit. Mich. Northern Crane Works, Walkerville. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa..
Whitlnft Foundry Equipment Co. Hertwrt Morris Crane & Hoist Co.. Patterns, Metal and Wood. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. Mich.
Harvej, 111. Ltd.. Toronto. Limited. Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Foundry Ouelph Pattern Works, Ouelph, Ont. Sand Sifters.
Parting^. Harvey, 111.
F. W. Quinn. Hamilton. Ont. H. 8. Carter ft Co., Toronto.
H. S. Carter A Co., Toronto. Hose and Conplings. Wells Pattern & Machine Works. Canadian Ingeroll-Rand Co., Ltd.,
Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal.
Hamilton Faring Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg. Montreal.
Mill Co., Ltd., Ont. Pattern Shop Eqnipment. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd.,
Hamilton. Ont.
Osborn .Mfg. Co.. Cleveland, O. Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., Cleve- H. a. Carter * Co.. Toronto. Hamilton. Ont
land, O. Hamilton Pattern Works. Hamilton. Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Independent Pneumatic Tool Co,. Chi- Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Stevens, F. R.. Detroit. Mich.
Whitehead Bros, Co., Buffalo, N.T. cago. 111. Hamilton. Ont. Standard Sand & Mach. Co., Cleve-
Ingot Metnls. J. W Paxson Co.. Philadelnhia. P. land, O.
Fonndr.T Paringrn, F. W. Qutnn. Hamilton. Ont, Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich.
H. 8. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Frankel Bros.. Toronto. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Iron Cements. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Whiting Foundry Equipment Oo.,
Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Harvey, 111.
Hamilton Facing .Mill Co., Ltd. H. a. Carter & Co.. Toronto.
Hamilton. Ont. Webster A Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Pig Iron. Sand Shakers.
Monaich Eng. A Mfg. Co., Baltimore. .T. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia. Pa. Dnm. Iron & Steel Co.. Sydney. N.S. Brown Specialty Machinery Co.. Chi-
Osbom Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. O. Smooth-On Mfg. Co.. Jersev City. Frankel Bros.. Toronto.
J. W. Paxson Co.. I'hiladelphia, cago, III.
Pa. Stevens. F. B.. Detroit. Mich.
Stevens, F. R., Detroit. Mich.
Iron Filler. Phosnhorirers. Saws, Hack.
Whitehead Bros. Co.. Buffalo, N.V. Machine Hamilton,
H. S. Carter A Co.. Toronto. McCulloch-Dalr,eIl Cmclble Company, Ford-Smith Co.,
FarDaz-f l,Ipir)K. Webster fr Sons. Ltd., Afontreal. Pittsburg, Pa. Ont.
Hamilton Facing J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia. Pa. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.Y. Separators, Moisture, Oil
Mill Co., Ltd
Hamilton. Ont. Smnoth-On Mfg. Co.. Jersev City. and Sand.
Hawley Down Draft Fumaoe Co.
Stevens. F. B.. Detroit. Mich. Plnmbago. Pangbom Corporation, Hageistowa,
Eastnn, I'a. H. a. Carter &
Co.. Toronto. Md.
Monar-ch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. L,ad1ps. Fonndry.
J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelnhia, Pa.
Sieves.
Stevens. F. R.. Detroit. Mich. H. S. Carter * Co..
Toronto. Stevens. F. R.. Detroit. M\<-h.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., MontreaL Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Osbom Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. O.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. Mich.
Furnaces. Hamilton, Ont. Plating and Polishing Supplies. Webster ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Hamilton Norfbem Crane Works. Walkerville, Osbom Mfg. Co.. Cleveland, O.
Facing Mill Co., Ltd. Ont. Silica Wash.
Hamilton. Ont.
Monarch Eng. ft M'g. Co.. Baltimore
W. W. Wells. Toronto.
Hawley Down Draft Fumaca Co. Co,. Clevpland. O,
Webster ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Eastnn.
Osborn >ffg.
Pneumatic Paint Spray.
'a.
I
T. W. Ps-xson Co.. Philadetnhia. Pa. Small Angles.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Baltimore. Co.. Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgeburg,
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphu, Pa,
Steven*. F. B.. Detroit. Mich. Dom. Iron ft Steel Co., Sydney, N.8..
W'l'tiTKr Foundry Equipment Co.. Ont
Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich. Soapstone.
TTarvev, Til. Polishing 'WTieels.
VVhiuii-. r.Mindry Equipment Co.,
Harvey, III. Ladle Heaters. Osbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton. Ont
Hawlev Down Draft Furnace Co.. W. W. Wells. Toronto. Webster ft Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
FurnaccN. Brass. Frfi.ston, Pa.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Webster & Soms. Ltd., Montreal. Bamming Plates and Machines. Special Machlner.v.
Hamilton Facing Mill Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd., Osbom .Mfg. Co.. Cleveland, O.
Hamilton, Ont.
Co., Ltd. Ladle Stoppers. T.,adle Nozzles, Montreal. Wells Pattern ft Machine Works,
Hawle.v Down Draft Furnace Jo. and Sleeves (Omphite). Osbom Co., Cleveland. O.
.Mfg. Limited, Toronto.
Baston. Pa. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia. Pa. Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. Mich. Sprue Cutters.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Seidel R. R.. Philadelrhia. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
J. W. Paxson Co.. PhUadelphia, Pa. McCulloch-Dstzell Cnicible Company. Hamillon Facing Mill Co., tM.^
Hamilton, Ont.
Stevens. F. 15., Detroit, .Mich. Pittsburg. Pa. Rammers, Pneumatic Osbom Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. O.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Webster * Sons. Ltd.. Montreal.
Harvey. 111. Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., Cleve- J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.
MeltiPE- Pots. land, O. F. B. Shuater Co.. New Haven, CoBa.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Hsmi'ton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.. Independent Pneumatic Tool Co., Chi- Stevens, F. B.. Detroit. Vllch.
Goggles. Hamilton. Ont, cago, 111. Vulcan Engineering Sales Co., Chi-
Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. cago, 111.
^laaasaisaiiSiiiisawiiiaaiwawaBsausaisaia^ glMllL'MliL^IMlMlMIMlMliyiliyiliyiiMliaBLHIMlMlM^^^
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Ma 1K
''j^i^lHH ""^'^S IH^^^I - Write for catalog and complete information.
'I^jII ^ T"S^^
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:.-' -* The Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co.
Easton, Penn., U.S.A.
ADVERTISING INDEX
Bartley Crucible Co 28 Lundy Shovel & Tool Co 25 Seidel, R. B 28
Berkshire Mfg. Co 1 Standard Sand & Machine Co
Manufacturers Brush Co 27
Brown Specialty Machinery Co. 6
McCullough-Dalzell Crucible Co. . . 27
Tabor Manufacturing Co 25
Davenport Machine & Foundry Co.. 6 McLain 's System 7
Dominion Iron & Steel Co 8 Midland Machine Co 31 Tilulinian-Brooksbank Sand Blast
gg
=E
You ought have information about the complete Osborn line of molding
to
machines. telling us something of your work: perhaps our Engineering
Write us,
Department can make suggestions that will help you to more profits. You incur i.o
obligation by asking us.
33
1^
Meritorious
Our service the right goods at the right price, delivered on the dot.
May we prove ourselves by filling your next requirements?
Correspondence invited.
YOU will never know real Semi-Steel until you know McLain's Semi-Steel. It beats grey iron at
every point, tensile strength up to 45,000 lbs.
it stands AT THE
TOP of the list of cupola metals
insures castings that are clean, tough, close-grained, free fro,m defects and the delight of every mechanical
engineer.
Our record of success is stamped in the bank-books of liundreds of foundries, why not in yours?
There's a ])rofit to lie made TN every foundry.
McLAIN'S SYSTEM
700 Goldsmith Bldg. Milwaukee, Wis., U.S.A.
WRITE FOR FREE LITERATURE
CA NA 1 ) 1 AN F UN I ) HY M A N
More Profit
mpmm^ A Better Product
without increasing without increasing
the selling price )ur manufacturing
of your costs.
Berkshire I
Air Squeezers r
T li e machine
you are looking
for. It has no
equal. This is a
plain statement
of facts. Hun-
dreds of users
are proving
this every day
in the most
p g r e s sive
r
foundries in the
world.
The Berkshire
Universal
Universal power molding
machine for Malleable, Gray
The Berkshire- Iron or Brass foundries. Split
patterns, match plates or
Acme Core Machine plain gates. All molds ex-
No screws to wear or grind actly alike. Anyone can
out. Uses multiple dies. operate it. A powerful, con-
Three cores same time on
at venient, well - built power
all sizes upand including
to molding machine.
1". Two cores from 1" to
IV2". Makes any shape core
that will pass through a die.
The faces of the plungers are
cupped, so that they fill with
The Berkshire^Manufacturing
sand which becomes the ram-
ming face. Company Cleveland, Ohio
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
m^''"^m/''y/%
#
i w
i n I i I li iSp iC"'^! S
Canada has just marketed the richest crop in her history and
our farmers will be the most independent in the world. Their
millions of dollars will soon be in circulation and manufac-
turers have already felt the first zephyrs of the breeze of pros-
perity that has so recently swept across our fertile plains.
That the prospect of the industries that have been directly bene-
fited by the war and the orders that have been placed as a con-
sequence, will reach out and influence trade in all lines of busi-
ness seems certain. The foundry trade already shows some im-
provement and this we believe will continue to become more
and more marked.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
143-153 University Avenue TORONTO
HOPPER "Monarch"
No Clinker.
Patent Lift
Cover.
Furnaces
Bring us a steady flow of
re-orders
They are buill- for all fuel and ail conditions with
crucibles or without, with iron pots
"Stationary or
Tilting."
IRON POTS for soft metals " Tilting and Station-
ary," for aluminum, lead, tin, spelter, babbitt, dross,
etc.
PORTABLE HEATERS for moulds, ladles and MonarcL-Acrne Double IratK tore Oven, Coke
lighting purposes, dispensing with wood in cupola. Any Size. For All Fuels.
Positively guaranteed.
Our
or bricked.
".4.rundel"
Core Oven is of the same quality
construction ^its drop-down front is the only dif-
Manufacturing Co. ference.
THESE OVENS DEFY COMPETITION THERE
1206 American Building, Baltimore, Md., U.S.A. ARE NONE BETTER.
If what you want is not advertised in this iS'Sue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
Good Castings
Good Cores
Thorough
Mixing
Old Sand
Strength
Finish
You Get the Good Things and Eliminate the Bad With a Standard
These are the paddles used in a Standard, which mix the sand 100 times a minute
and not merely turn it over as you would w^ith a shovel. That is why foundries tell us
they save from 5% to 50% of Binder.
There is a Standard for every size foundry. One to sixty tons per hour.
TWENTY SECONDS
On brass valve work taking flask 12" x 16" x 4" deep in each half,
a leading manufacturer realizes a saving of tM^enty seconds on
every half mold by simply adding the Mumford Jolt Rammer
attachment to his Plain Split Pattern machines. On deeper work
the saving would be proportionately greater. This same manu-
facturer also is able to get perfect lifts continuously on patterns
that heretofore stumped him with their difficult pockets and
corners with little draft.
Wiite to
E. H. MUMFORD
COMPANY
Front and Franklin Streets,
If what you want is not advertised in this is^ue consult the Buyers' Directory at the boxk.
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
Crucibles^ of Quality
Tilting Furnace
UNIFORM CRUCIBLES
Our Specialty.
Service and Durability
Ensure Economy.
Catalogue on request
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
TABOR
PORTABLE COMBINATION SHOCKLESS JARRING
ROLL-OVER AND PATTERN DRAWING MOLDING
MACHINE
A distinctive Tabor
achievement, bein,9; a com-
liiiiation of two exclusive
tin ?iI-S-H.
Ij what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
: :
"WABANA"
Machine Cast Pig Iron
Cast in specially shaped moulds to permit of easy
Handling, Piling and Breaking.
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
r
mT* ?^jP
"I
From the ore mines of Mesabi to the figJdiny fiont In France is a long waij to go, hut not
long enough to prevent a steady flow of shells and other munitions of war. The help which
Canada is giving to the Empire, grows in volume and variety as it progresses Eastward and
the valued assistance being rendered by establishments such as the one described in this
article are a convincing evidence of Canada's present power and future potentiality.
817,000 square miles, equal to more so far the efforts of all parties have been In considering this performance one
than one-quarter of the land pos- so concentrated on actual production must remember that the metal is
sessions of the Empire, with na- that few of us have realized that every made from the ore, the forging is
tural resources more varied and ex- step, every operation, every substance made from the metal, and the finish.^d
tensive than any other colony, and that enters into a finished shell, and shell produced from the forging all un-
geographical location and political en- last, but not least, the men and the der the one management. The life story
vironment of the most favorable nature, guns to use them; in fact, each and every of a shell as observed at the company's
Canada would have failed in her duty phase in the life of a shell from the ore various plants is fascinating, instructive
as a loyal colony had she exerted her- mine to the battlefield is now in exist- and highly stimulative of that industrial
self one whit less strenuously than she ence in this country. patriotism which is so characteristic of
has done during the past year. Circum- The successful production of a mod- Canada's present efforts.
stances point to intensification and con- ern artillery projectile is dependent on
Mining the Iron Ore
tinuation of such efforts till the British a degree of knowledge, me-
scientific
Empire once more asserts itself as the chanical and complexity of
ability, Situated the Mesabi
in range of
chief factor in the world's peace, and in operations, of which the casual observer hills in northern part of the
the
the attainment of such a state of affairs has only the faintest idea, and in devot- State of Minnesota, close to the Can-
Canada will be looked to for increased ing its efforts to tlie manufacture of adian border, and 800 miles from Ham-
help and support until the much de- munitions The Steel Company of Canada ilton, Ont., as the crow flies, are vast
sired consummation of events is at- affords splendid instance
a of that deposits of iron ore. From this locality,
tained. promptness, thoroughness) and whole- known as the Lake Superior district,
The building of ordnance in the near heartedness which has been so charac- about 40.000,000 tons of hematite iron
future along with impending develop- teristic of our manufacturers. ore are shipped annually to blast fur-
202 CANADIAN F UN DRY MAN
naces which yield more tliaa three-quar- the boats, so that by means of ore chutes Canada is complete in every detail, and
ters of the pig iron production on thi' leading into each hatchway, the ore is is considered by many authorities to be
North American continent. This red or rapidly conveyed by gravity into the hold ofmost modern design and construction.
brown liematite is one of tlie richest of the vessel. In a few hours the ship Here, in an extent of several acres,
forms of iron ore, containing in some has received its cargo and is ready to and in the course of a few hours may
cases as much as 68 per cent, of iron, start on its long journey down the chain be seen steel in every stage of produc-
and in appearance resembles soft brown- of inland lakes to its destination, where tion from iron ore, barely distinguish-
ish earth. Tlie de- able from common
posits of the Mesabi earth to the shrap-
range of hills lie nel and high-explo-
near the surface, and sive shell, wanting
are mined by means (inly theaddition of
of immense steam the explosive charge
shovels or excavat- and propellant to
ors,such as are used nia're it ready for
for digging founda- actual use in battle.
tions, canals, rail- A short explana-
way cuttings, etc. tion of the reasons
These deposits are for and nature of
particularly adapted the various processes
for handling by ma- through which the
chinery, and the min- metal passes, may
ing, transportation, 1 cr.der c learer a de-
and unloading of scription of t ii e
this material have jilant.
resulted in the per- The first step in
fection of mechani- the manufacture of
cal appliances of steel from iron ore
wonderful capacity is to separate the
and efficiency. iron from the vari-
ous substances asso-
Lake Transportation
ciated with it in that
Ore boats carrying LO.\DIXG ORE BU.VTS AT MES.VBA ORE DOCK, DULUTH form. This is accom-
10,000 or 12,000 tons plished by smelting
of ore in one cargo, convey the ore unloading of the boats is accomplished the ore in a blast furnace with fuel and
to its destination. These boats are almost as raj)idly as tlie loading. flux, whereby much of the impurities is
loaded from immense bins, into wliich removed, and a cast iron, commonly known
the cars from the mines are emptied, tlie
The Production of Pig Iron
as pig iron, is obtained. The pig iron thus
bins being elevated above the level of The plant of The Steel Comimny of produced is still an impure grade of
iron, containing roughly 1.00 per cent, The Blast Furnace above ground level, the discharge spouts
silicon, 0.1 per cent, sulphur, 1.50 per Returning now to the blast furnace being so arranged that the necessary
cent, phosphorus, 1.50 per cent, man- the iron ore arrives in hopper bottom amounts of ore, coke and limestone may
ganese, 3.50 per cent, carbon. A steel cars, which are run out on elevated be fed into a travelling dump car pro-
suitable for manufacture
projectile tracks and dumped in huge storage piles vided with scales, and running on a track
would have a composition approximately in close proximity to the blast furnace. below the bins. The car empties its load
thus: .15 silicon, 0.03 per cent, sulphur, Limestone and coke, which are necessary of material into the skip, two of which
0.05 per cent, phos- are used, one de-
phorus, 0.70 per cent, scending to be filled
manganese, 0.50 per when the other as-
cent, carbon. In or- cends with the
der to obtain metal charge for the fur-
of this composition nace. When the load-
it is necessary to re- ed skip nears the top
move nearly all of of the hoist tracks,
the various impuri- projections on the
ties from the pig ends of the rear axle
iron, and then add engage with suitable
the necessary pro- curved guide rails,
portions of such in- and tip the skip over
gredients as are de- so that its contents
sired. are discharged into
This constitutes the hopper on top of
steel-making proper, the furnace. This
and may be accom- hopper is of double
plished by various construction, lieing
processes, all of fittedwith two bells
which are similar in or cones A and B.
general principles, Bell B is held against
thou g h differing
BLAST F[;i{XACK I'LAXT OF THE STEEI> t'd.MPAXY OF CANADA, LTD the bottom of the
widely in certain fea- HAMILTON, OXT. upjier hopper liy a
tures which have im- '
counterweight, and
portant bearing on the finished produce. materials in steel-making, are similarly isopened 'by hydraulic gear, thus allowing
After the desired chemical composi- stored. the ciiarge to fall into the main hopper I,
tion has been obtained, the steel is sub- A sectional view of the blast furnace which in turn is closed by bell A. When
jected to various mechanical treatments with skip hoist and charging bins is liopper I has been charged with the proper
terminating with its appearance in the shown on page 205. quantities of ore, limestone and coke, bell
shape of the now familiar shell forging. The charging bins are situated well A is opened, while bell B is kept tiglitly
rise to the long flame which some years of the tuyeres. On a level with the bot- The air which
is necessary to operate
ago was such a prominent feature of tom of the crucible, on tlie front side of the furnace supplied at a pressure of
is
blast furnace plants. the furnace, is the iron tap-hole through from 15 to 30 lb. per sq. in., according
Design which the liquid metal is drawn off from to furnace conditions. The blowing en-
As will beobserved from the drawing, the furnace. This is simply a large hole gines for supplying this air are of a
a blast furnace consists of a vertical in the brick work, which is stopped with type which is more or less peculiar to
brick-lined shaft, the internal shape be- clay balls. In tapping the furnace, blast furnace plants, and one of these
ing of a special outline, which has as- these balls are broken up with a bar, is shown in a photograph on page 205.
sumed its present form and proportions and in order to stop the hole again a They are what are known as disconnected
as the result of experience and scientific mud gun is employed, which shoots tlie compound, long cross-head blowing en-
investigation. The lining of the furnace l)alls of clay into the hole. This gun is gines. The steam cylinders are 44 in.
consists of acid (silicious) and 84 in. diameter by 60 in.
fire-brick, into the outer sur- stroke, and are placed above
The hearth is the lower por- tlirough large pipes to the base
tion of the furnace, about 8 ft. of the stoves, where it is mixed
in height, with vertical sides. witli air and burned. The pro-
Above that for a distance of ducts of combustion pass up-
12 ft. is a portion of gradually wards through the central pas-
increasing diameter, known as sage and then downward
the bosh. From the top of the through the surrounding space,
bosh, which is the largest di- which is constructed of suit-
ameter of the furnace, the bly arranged fire-brick cham-
walls close in gradually, form- bers, after which the gases es-
ing the stack, which extends cape through the chimney. Af-
upwards to the throat where ter running for a certain peri-
the chai'ging hopper is located. od, the stove has absorbed a
About three feet below the maximum amount of heat from
level of the tuyeres a hole is the gases, and the process is
provided, known as the
'
'cinder ELEOTRIOALLY DRIVEN CHARGING CAR WHICH WEIOHS then reversed. The air from
THE ORE, OOiKB, ETC., AS DELIVERED, BY;. OVER-
notch " or "monkey. "
This is HEAD CHFTEiS PROM CHARGING BINS. tlie blowing engines is received
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 205
through a valve at the base of the have resulted in its adoption by the Operation of the Blast Furnace
chimney, and, passing upwards through leading plants in various countries.
When in operation, the furnace is
the hot fire-brick, is a high
raised to The air-drying plant consists of three
filledwith layers of coke, lime and ore,
temperature before passing out at the
which gradually descend as the molten
bottom of tlie central passage and thence iron is drawn from the hearth. In their
to the tuyeres. When this reversal takes ma-
downward travel, these layers of
from the furnace are
place, the hot gases
maintain their individuality until
terial
switched into that stove, which was
thev approach the smelting zone which
previously heating the air. While one The
commences at the top of the bosh.
stove heating the air, the remaining
is
illustration of condi-
stoves are being warmed up by the hot
on
tions page is
gases. In order to maintain a fairly
adapted from a well-
regular temperature in the blast furn-
known authority,' and
ace, the stoves are changed over about
illustrates clearly the
once an hour.
On
reaching the smelt- substances are wholly or
ing zone, the iron melts partially eliminated. This
and trickles quickly down elimination or purification
over the columns of coke, is performed by various
from which it completes processes, but the chemi-
its saturation with carbon. cal action of oxidation is
CANADIAN F U N D RY M A N 207
cess invented by the late Sir Henry four minutes the silicon and manganese has been the heat evolved by the oxida-
Bessemer, air alone is used to remove are all oxidized by the oxygen of the air tion of the impurities that the tempera-
tlie impurities from tlie molten iron. and have formed a slag. The carbon ture now liigher than it was at the
is
the National Physical Laboratory), ad- a cooling mass of metal, there would be planation to that most puzzling of all
vanced an interesting theory, the con- a neutral zone between any two crystals facts, that a very small proportion of
sideration of wliich might enable o"ne to where the atoms would go on cooling impurities produced such enormously
understand some of the things which down without arranging themselves in disproportionately large mechanical,
happen during the cooling of metals. crystalline order. This amorphous or electrical and other effects; these added
Special attention was given to the non-crystalline layer between the crystals bodies would always tend to concentrate
consideration of the existence of non of metal would have
the hard- themselves in this amorphous cement,
crystalline or amorphous layers in metal ness characteristic under-cooled
of all and might account for the large effect
bodies which have been cooled from a materials. The behaviour of pure iron of vanadium on steel. This, he thought,
liquid condition. The "change of which would consist of crystals of iron, was one of the most fruitful applica-
state" which took place during solid- with amorphous layers between, was tions which the theory offered, but a
ification involved something more than considered. The amorphous layers would good deal remained to be done in work-
the formation of mere crystals common- be stronger and harder than the ing out these applications; it showed
ly understood. Crystals invariably form crystals themselves, and if strained or why other things injured steel, because
at right angles to surfaces which happen deformed there should be very little they spoiled the binding power of this
to be at uniform temperatures, the movement at the boundaries of the amorphous cement. Dr. Rosenhain also
growth of these crystals beginning at crystals, all the movement taking place
discussed the separation of the various
different points of centres termed nuclei within the crystals themselves. Slides
constituents of alloys, the formation of
where the temperature of the metal were exhibited which showed that de-
solid and the formation of
solutions,
first reaches the freezing point. Each formation of the body as a whole was
accomplished by deformation of the
cores. were due to the rate of
Cores
of these nuclei or centres then extended
crystals themselves. cooling; only by a slow cooling could
in all directions, meeting the arms of
completely homogeneous crystalline ag-
other nuclei and causing the crystal A
temperature of 900 deg. Cent., how-
growth to permeate the whole body as ever, approached somewhat to the soft- gregate be obtained. The limitation of
quickly as the various parts reached the ening point of the amorphous layers, phosphorus in steel was considered, fis-
state of solidification, on freezing point. while the crystals melted suddenly and sures in shrapnel shells being due in his
By a crystalline body was meant one clianged from the solid to the completely opinion to regions of low carbon and high
in which the particles, of which the body liquid at a much iiigher temperature. At phosphorus, resulting in layers of differ-
was composed were arranged in some such a temperature as 900 Cent., nearly ent hardness. The remedy was to elim-
regular manner. The absence of such a all movement took place by the sliding
inate the phosphorus as far as possible,
crystalline formation was termed an over one another of the boundaries.
or to render its distribution uniform. One
amorphous state, and science had enabl- Thus the flow of these metals at hi^h
way was to decrease the speed of solidi-
ed a verv considerable insight to be temperatures obeyed the law of the flow
obtained regarding the manner in which fication of the steel, and if that was
of various liquids. Tq carry the process
these particles were formed, as well impracticable, the next best thing was to
a little further, the deformation might
as their absence. The arowth of n be continued until rupture took place; anneal the steel very drastically at a cer-
crystalline structure did not result from in the cold metal the crvstals broke tain stage in the working.
the building up of successive layers, but across but at a suitable hioh tempera-
by shooting out brandies until these met ture the crystals could be pulled apart
^
other branches and the intervening from one another quite easilv, so that THERE are men of patience, persist-
spaces were filled up. What was it that the fracture followed tlie crvstal bound- ence, power. They invent, devise, or-
made the atoms of the metal arrange aries. Several slides were shown illus- iginate, economize, and always and fore-
themselves in this way? Clearly there trating the varying course of the frac- ever they work. And it is this capacity
was some directing force which made tures at different temperatures, with var- for work the ability to bear burdens
the atoms turn and arrange themselves, ious metals, including purest gold, to that has brought about their promo-
and determined whether a given atom show that the action was not attribut- tion. The Philistine.
NEW AND IMPROVED EQUIPMENT
A Record of Machinery Development Tending Towards Higher QuaHty,
Output and Efficiency in Foundry, Pattern and Metal Work Generally
WIDE FACE RING WHEEL further saving in the time of grinding external projections. This makes the
GRINDER because with the wide face ring wheel chuck especially safe. As grinding wheel
PIG. 1. NO. 17 GRINDER WITH 24-INCH DIAMETER WHEEL. FIG. 2. GRINDING CAST IRON PILLOW BLOCKS AND CAPS.
210 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
horizontal types, and are adaptable to
all drives. They are built with open
frames as well as enclosed, and also du-
plex single-stage, and two-stage.
Enclosed construction, as shown in the
illustrations, completely protects all run-
CAUSES OF SHRINKAGE CRACKS of a casting, only to have this defect de- to the remainder of the casting cooling
IN STEEL CASTINGS velop in another part of the same pie^e. and contracting in advance of the centre
By William R. Bossinoer* This, however, should not prove discour- of the hot section. To further illustrate
aging, as it indicates that proper meth- this point,an I-beam section will be con-
SHRINKAGE cracks in steel cast-
ods are being taken to prevent tliese de- sidered which is gated in the centre of
ings constitute a common de-
fects. The law of the segregation of the web. If poured in this way, the cast-
fect of steel foundry operations.
metals should be recognized as being ing will be liable to crack, as the flanges
The cause of shrinkage cracks is
closely allied to the causes underlying will resist contraction and the centre
the same for all castings, but their
the formation of shrinkage cracks. Seg- will be weakened by the higher tempera-
locations are never identical, owing
regation will cause the fonnation of ture of tne metal due to the method of
to the varying forms of different
shrinkage cracks oii the outside surface gating in the web and this part of the
sections. It is not unusual to make cast-
of many castings. section would not have sufficient strength
ings from one pattern for a period of
to withstand contraction and the crush-
several months without being troubled The Use of ChiUs
ing of the sand walls on the flanges.
by this defect, yet suddenly all of the
The free use of chills is recommended,
castings from one heat will develop as they will reduce this default by con- , #
these cracks. If it were possible to pre-
trolling the cooling to a greater extent
vent steel from expanding or contracting,
than the use of brackets. Unless efforts Catalogues
tliis didiculty would be overcome, but
are made to prevent the employment of
since this is beyond control, the alter- Murphy, Stearman & Co., 180 Gray's
chills that are too large or heavy, or
native must be accepted and this phe- Inn Road, London, England, have sent
which extend over onto the junction of
nomenon must be contended with, name- us a copy of their new catalogue. The
heavy and light sections, the chills will
ly, the contraction of the steel after the goods dealt with are all British made
increase the tendency to crack. If the
mold is filled. To reduce these defects and embrace complete equipment for
chill is too large, it will cause shrinkage
or to eliminate them entirely, every ef- foundries and machine shops, and many
cracks at the point of the chilled face.
fort should be made to prevent setting other lines for engineers and contractors.
This is caused by the too rapid contrac-
up solid walls that will cause the
either to stretch or crack when the force
metal
tion of the casting directly underneati Foundry Equipment. The National
the face of the chill. When the chill is Engineering Co. of Chicago, 111., have
of contraction is brought to bear on the
of the proper thickness, it causes the issued a bulletin dealing with the "Simp-
walls of the molds.
heavy part of the casting to pass through son" intensive foundry mixer and
Numerous appliances, devices, etc., are the stage of contraction, imparting
first "Simpson" national screen separator.
resorted to to overcome this defect, in- to the metal sufficient strength to meet The construction of the mixer and
cluding the use of brackets, chills, tie the stresses caused by passing through methods of handling various materials
bars, the use of sawdust or cinders in the first cooling stage. Stresses in the are fully described, while illustrations
the cores, maintaining the metal at a chilled parts of steel castings are elim- give a general idea of the machine. The
minimum temperature when pouring and inated when the proper chills are era- screen separator is also described and il-
keeping it as low in sulphur as possible, ployed. The chills will absorb heat lustrated.
as too high a percentage of the latter
element is one of the common causes
from the casting until they reach a tem-
Grinders. ^Bulletin No. 17 illustrates
perature of 1,400 degrees Fahr., and on and describes the new model wide face
leading to shrinkage cracks. Long cast- cooling with the casting all stresses
ings with attached ribs, flanges or lugs ring wheel g-rinder made by the Charles
should be relieved as the casting strains
will crack if the sulphur is not well
H. Besley & Co., Chicago, 111. Specifica-
are released by what practically consti-
tions and shipping weights, etc.. are
under 0.05 per cent, in basic steel, re- tutes annealing at this temperature.
gardless of the fact that other properties given for the different sizes of grinder
The use resorted to for the
of chills is
which are illustrated both in operation
and conditions may be favorable to the purpose of reducing the size of feeders
elimination of this defect. While the and otherwise, showing clearly the gen-
on many castings. The chills are in-
various causes leading to eral construction. Other matter includes
shrinkage serted in the molds over luas and flanges
cracks are well-known to the manage- the geared motion lever feed and pressed
that have light, thin sections on top. A
steel chuck which are illustrated and de-
ment of steel foundries, nevertheless this
chill should be of sufficient size to set
scribed.
will not eliminate lossesfrom this cause the heavy section of metal before the
until aknowledge of the cause of shrink-
age cracks is imparted to all of the men
metal in the lighter section has left its
Shop Furnaces. The American Shop
fluid state. In this way fluid steel will Equipment Co., Chicago, 111., have issued
constitutins' the organization. The suc- be carried to the chilled part and' other, a catalogue showing several standard
cess in keeping down shrinkage cracks is fluid steel will be drawn from the feeder types of furnace for a variety of pur-
based upon the training of the men who to replace metal taken from the lighter poses. Some of the types shown include
are directly responsible for the devel- section. Another reason why the chill Iiortable and stationary rivet forges,
opment of this defect. Each casting pre- is to be favored in place of the use of
flue welding furnaces, heat forge fur-
sents a different problem, as the thick- brackets is that the chill will fall out of
ness of metal and the lack of unifor- naces, single and double door hammer
the mold when the casting is shaken-out.
mity in section will change the location furnaces, single and double chamber
whereas the brackets have to be chipped
of these cracks in one casting as com.- bulldozer furnaces, annealing and melt-
off.
pared another of an entirely dif-
wit'i
Improper Gating ing furnaces, etc. Ea*h type is illus-
ferent form. To train the shop force trated and accompanied by a brief de-
in eliminating difficulties from this cause,
Improper gating also is frequently the
scription and dimensions. In addition
the common sense of the employees is a cause of shrinkage cracks, forming hot
to the furnaces, an interesting line of
contributino- fnctor of no little import- spots in line with the flow of metal. If a
auxiliary equipment is illustrated and
flat casting is gated in the centre and
ance. Theary and practice combined, is described. Several pages are devoted to
well as previous the metal is forced in one direction, caus-
experience, likewise
ing the sand to absorb and retain heat a discussion of equipment and methods
should be taken into consideration. It is
in this section of the mold, therebv caus- employed in the heat treatment of steel
not unusual to stop cracking in one part
ing a hot spot in the casting resulting in and include some valuable information
Marion Steam Shovpl Co., Marion, O. a shrinkage crack, it can be attributed on the subject.
Canada. $1.00 for two years; United States, ?1.50 for two technical and manufacturing information as could be of
years; Great Britain, Australia and other colonies.
years; other
4s 6d for two , greatest immediate value to the numerous entrants into
countries, $1.50 for two years. Advertising rates
on request. the ranks of producers. The knowledge that these efforts
Subscribers who arc not receiving their paper rcgularlv
will
have not been valueless to many firms is our reward, and
confer a favor by letting us know. We should be notlfle.l at
once of any change in address, giving the manner in which nearly every concern has placed their
both old and new.
experience at the disposal of others is proof of the sound-
ness of our policy.
Vol. VI. NOVEMBER. 1915 No. 11
On frequent occasions we have been privileged to place
PRINCIPAL CONTENTS on record a few examples of extreme resourcefulness and
The Steel Company of Canada, Ltd development in specialized manufacturing, these being
201.208
ItsPlant and Product, I. probably only some of many instances of improvised equip-
How Metals Cool from Liquid to Solid
208
New and Improved Equipment ment throughout the country. Although the intrinsic
209-211
Wide Face Rhig Wheel Grinder .... Enclosed '
Air
value of such efforts may be confined to the originators,
Compressors.
Causes oi Shrinkage Craeks in Steel Castings
the ultimate suggestive value to manufacturers as a body
311
New Catalogues '
,
may be very great, and wonderful possibilities may await
Editorial designers and mechanics as the result of being thus jolted
The Value of Manufacturing Rrci'prociVy. 212
Plating and Polishing Department out of the rut of conventional design.
213
Selected Market Quctations
214 Reference might here be made to an instance in shell
The General Market Conditions and
Tendencies (Advtg
" manufacture which emphasizes the service rendered by
e<Tion)
24-27
technical journals. In machining 3.3 inch shrapnel forg-
ings, it was found necessary to make the wall of increas-
THE VALUE OF MANUFACTURING RECIPROCITY
ing thickness for a short distance near the mouth so as to
JUST how much and just how little of a man's business
provide ample metal for the internal thread after nosing
should be known by his competitors is and
always will in. When the making of 4.5 inch shells was being started,
be a moot question, and though at first sight
anyone many makers spent a great deal of valuable time in ascer-
might be prepared to give a conclusive reply one way
or taining the proper taper to allow for the same operation.
the other, there are many qualifying features which
pre- Meantime a new producer who was not bound by prece-
vent the average manufacturer from giving a definite reply
dent, went ahead and dispensed with the taper, getting
offhand.
satisfactory results with one operation less. The fact that
Apart from its desirability, which is questionable, or others were experiencing trouble by a too strict adherence
its efficiency which is still more questionable, the regime to existing methods, did not increase the value of his own
of quasi-secrecy inaugurated in connection with munitions method himself personally, while the lack of just such
to
manufacture may have a more or less permanent influ- information delayed their progress perceptibly, besides
ence on many
of our industrial organizations which must giving rise to a feeling of disappointment, due to the
ultimately react to their disadvantage. absence of prompt and successful results.
PLATING AND POLISHING DEPARTMENT
Practical Articles, Useful Data, Descriptions of Machinery,
Exjuipment, etc., Used in the Plating and Polishing Industry.
Question. In the manufacture of If you are using an excess of cyanide necessary and white stick caustic potash
high explosive shells we wash the shell for the purpose of securing a bright de- is superior to arsenic for producing
after machininEc, when dry a coat of var- posit you may eliminate some expense briglit clean deposits.
* * *
nish is applied to the interior of the by using hyposulphite of soda in very
shell. The surface of the interior must small quantities. In hot copper solu- Question. We
use a nickel solution
be free from specks, or marks which in tions Y2 oz. per gallon will suffice. Baths made from the double sulphates, the
any way may indicate or appear to in- operated cold will require larger quan- density of the solution being about 5^/2
dicate- an imperfect shell. We have ties. We favor the cyanide in preference degrees Beaume. We understand that a
found quite a number of shells which to soda in any form. Copper and brass more rapid deposit may be produced
show a mark on the inside base, re- baths containing sodas are invariably from a denser bath, but that a denser
sembling a crack corroded with iron quite freakish, and require frequent at- double sulphate bath is liable to crystal-
rust. These marks may be removed by tention and additions. If you require a lize out in winter. As we have always
polishing- with emery cloth in a lathe, heavy copper deposit, strike the work in been under the impression that a single
but we desire to remove the cause if the cyanide bath and finish in a duplex sulphate solution was impracticable for
possible. After washing in a solution of or acid copper bath, the latter is much commercial nickel plating, we are writ-
soda ash, th'6 shells are dried by passing cheaper than the cyanide solution and ing to inquire if a practical bath is pos-
through boiling water and suspending in yields a splendid deposit. sible which may
be operated at a gTeater
the air. density than or 6 degrees Beaume.
51'2
Answer. This trouble has been ex- Question.
We make a grey iron cast-
Answer. Nickel solutions prepared
perienced by several firms and has been ing which we polish, plate and buff. Un- from the double sulphate of nickel and
overcome by using the crystallized til recently we copper plated the casting ammonium do crystallize out if too
sodium carbonate in place of the soda dense, say about 7 or 8 degrees Beaume,
ash, the latter being an inferior quality in winter when used as a still solution.
of soda. Others have attributed the AMBRICAN ELECTRO-PI>ATERS' SO- Single salts alone produce a solution
CIETY. TORONTO BRANCH.
marks to the chlorine used in the puri- which yields brittle plates. The addi-
Officers :
fication of city water supply and have President John A. Magill, 591 St. tion of boric acid and either sodium
Clarens Ave.. Toronto. chloride or magnesium sulphate to the
succeeded in avoiding further trouble by
Vice-President William Salmon, 48 Oak
nickel sulphate solution renders it pos-
adding 3 to 4 oz. of sodium silicate to Street, Toronto.
the hot water used for final rinsing. In
Secretary ^Ernest Coles, P.O. Box 5 sible to utilize the bath at densities ap-
Coleman, Ont.
any case the wash waters should be kept proacliing 1.5 de^-rees Beaume, and oper-
Treasurer Walter S. Barrows, 6i9
clean and the drying effected as quickly Dovercourt Road, Toronto. ate at current densities in the neighbor-
as possible. The cleaning solutions must
PLACE AND DATES OF MEETING. hood of 20 amperes for square foot. Tt
The Occident Hall, corner of Queen
be kept strong and solutions free from and Bathurst Streets. Fourth Thursday is obvious that this bath will produce a
of each month, at 8 p.m. deposit in about one-fourth the time re-
caustics are preferred. The final rinse
must be thorough in order to remove all quired by the double sulphate bath, the
traces of corroding substances from the plates are firm, adherent, tou^h and of
pores of the metal. When the shell is previous to brass plating. We did this splendid color. When equipped with
immersed the open end should be upper- to facilitate a more rapid coating of high orade anodes the sinele sulphate
most to allow escape of air and permit brass as the grey iron did not cover well bath is self sustaining and very econo-
the entire inner surface to be rinsed. when brass plated directly on the iron. mical. The reactions result in an auto-
Now we have dispensed with our copper matic replenishing of the bath thereby
bath owing to increased cost of operat- reducing the attention required to a
Question. Since the price of cyanides ing and have met with serious failures minimum amount.
.used in plating baths has increased. T
in the brass bath.
have been cautioned by my employer to
Kindly advise us of
a method or remedy which will eliminate
economize on the sodium cyanide in cop-
per solutions. Can you inform me
defective deposits.
Welland, Ont. It is reported that pre-
whether there is any substitute for the
Answer. Be specially careful in parations are being made to reopen the
no chances, do not depend
cleanins-, take plant of the Canadian Steel Foundries.
sodium cyanide which would give good
upon the plating solution to remove the
results in plating.
slight film of anything. Avoid a stron"-
Leamington, Ont. The town council
Answer. Potassium and sodium cy- current and maintain a well balanced have decided to call for tenders for two
anides are the only solvents for the cop- solution by judicious additions of copper 110 h.p. boilers for the waterworks. A
per salts, which can l^e used for platin?- and zinc salts. Above all avoid any ex- new boiler house will be built.
purposes. The use of sodium carbonate cess of free cyanide, the amount of free Merritt, B.C. The British Columbia
crystals in the copper bath is claimed by cyanide must be kept very small. No Copper Co. proposes to spend in the
some to reduce the amount of cvanide free cyanide causes a deposit that is neighborhood of $500,000 in the erection
required. The crystals are dissolved in STanuIar and devoid of toughness. Use of a concentrating plant at their Copper
a portion of the copper solution or in from 2 to 4 oz. of crystallized sodium Mountain properties. This is to be oper-
water before adding to the bath. You carbonate to each gallon of solution. ated by an electric power plant to be
will find that the use of copper cyanide Keep this solution below 10 desTees erected either at Princeton or Tulameen,
as prepared specially for platins' baths Beaume, use warm if possible, and oper- accordin? to reports, it being estimated
will reduce your operating expense to a ate the solution without additions of that it will take at least $300,000 to erect
great extent. ammonia or arsenic, ammonia is un- and equip same.
. .
214
trial situation continues favorable and will be additional to the requirements reported that Canadian buyers are un-
there is an increase of confidence for the for the 18-pdr. shells, which are still able to satisfy their requirements, one
future in business circles. In addition being produced in large quantities. The interest being in the market for several
to heavy increases in exports the Do- steeltrade is in an exceedingly pros- thousand tons monthly. Foundry grades
minion revenue is steadily growing. The perous condition and the present activity are in better demand, but the tonnage
customs returns for October were about will no doubt be a permanent benefit to is comparatively light.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 25
GLUXRIN
IM PROVEDl!l REG. L S (
.
AT CFF
ANODES
Any style or shape In
FOUNDRY SHOVELS
that will fulfil
Lundy Shovels
every requirement.
are their own
^.^^
^K^ "
Quality Guaranteed Brass best salesmen.
Why
can
import your anodes when you
Bronze
guaranteed quality,
get quicker
^
V
and can save duty and elimin- Once tried, always
delivery,
^^P^^
ate the annoyance of clearing at the
customs by buying (rem usf Copper W^mr used. Split "D" and
May we send you descriptive pamphlet
and full particulars ? ^^B American "D" handles.
W.W.WELLS, Toronto
Nickel m^^ Send us a trial order. \
CRANED Don't b u y a
crane or hoist
THIS SPACE without invest-
$2.50 PER ISSUE igating North-
ern Products
On Yearly Order Made in Canada. Also a line of
Foundry Equipment.
NORTHERN CRANE WORKS
LIMITED
WALKERVILLE - - ONTARIO
Cranes. Cupolas Ladles. Hoists, Tumblers
Etc.
7/ what you want is not advertised in this issue conmlt the Buyers' Directory at the back.
26 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
so advanced. The advance is af-Tibuted of the exhibition of foundry machinerj' conducted by Prof. Fitch on vanadium
to increased demand. Lead has ad and supplies which will be held in con- castings. It appears that a pig iron con-
vanced y^c and is now quoted at 6V;;e nection with the convention at Cleveland taining silicon 2.00; sulphur, 0.02; phos-
per pound. next year. For several years the exhibi- phorus, 0.58; manganese, 0.69; carbon,
Antimony. The market tion has been under the control of the 3.62 (0.55 combined); titanium, 0.022;
is fa.rly ac-
tive, but the general situation Foundry & Machine Exhibition Com- and vanadium, 0.04 per cent., has un-
is un-
pany. It is understood that bids are to usually high scrap-carrying abilities and
chang-ed. Antimony is quoted locally at
35c per pound. be opened Nov. 13 at Cleveland, and that that nothing is to be gained from using
Aluminiun.
The situation is un-
the successful bidder will manage the
exhibition for the foundrymen, the net
a mixture of pig iron and scrap contain-
ing a large proportion of pig iron,
changed and supplies locally are almost
profits to go to the associations and the even for automobile cylinders, or other
unobtainable. Quotations are nominal at
exhibitors. work requiring soft, dense, machinable
60c per i^ound.
metal.
Plating Chemicals and Supplies A series of tests was conducted on
The potash situation is becoming in-
MOLYBDENITE SAMPLES FROM castings containing from zero to 80 per
creasingly serious; supplies are very NORTHERN QUE. cent, scrap of the following composition:
scarce and are, in fact, almost unobtain- G. R. E. KENNEDY,
of Sherbrooke, Silicon, 1.74; sulphur, 0.09; phosphorus,
able. The soda situation is much the has returned from a trip into Northern 0.49; manganese, 0.36; carbon, 3.30 (0.75
same, supplies being very difficult to ob- Quebec, with some 50 lbs. of molybdenite combined); titanium, 0.04; vanadium,
tain, consequently prices continue at a specimens which have been sent to the 0.01 per cent. It was found that the test
high level. Prices on most plating chem- Assay office for analysis. Thev were data lay between the following limits for
icals are very firm except zinc sulphate, obtained by him and J. D. Kennedy, specimens with from 20 to 80 per cent,
which has declined Ic per pound due to who investigated and successfully re- scrap, the bracketed figures referring to
the zinc market being weaker. Sulphuric located claims formerly taken up and pure pig specimens: Tensile, 22,000-26,-
acid is high and makers practically con- prospected by Capt. K. E. Kennedv, 500 (25,200) lb.; modulus of transverse
trol the market. A new feature in the who had to abandon them on going to rupture, 48,000-55,000 (50,600) lb. per
plating trade is the plating of' cast iron the front. sq. in.; deflection (12-in. centres), 0.086-
nose plugs for shells, which are behr; Remarkable rich samples were secur- 0.116 (0.097) shrinkage per foot,
in.;
used instead of brass. ed with nothing but a prospector's pick, .11-. 125 in. in green sand and
(.11 in.)
in a 2'ranite and pegmatite formation, of .125-.15 in. (.13.) against a chill; sclero-
which there is a large area, and cover- .scope reading (tool steel 100) 35.3-36.1
There are only a few places in Cana- 2,475 deg. F. (2.280 deg.). These figures
IT IS announced from New York that
give a good indication of the scrap-carry-
the present output of copper by smelters da where this somewhat rare mineral,
molybdenite (sulphite of molvbdeniiir^ ^
ing capacity of the pig and of the
as. well as by refiners, is record-breaking,
strength and resiliency
is found, and the world's production is
of vanadium
just as it is in steel; but the entire pro-
castings.
duction of copper is not being taken up, very lim.ited.
Using pig of the composition stated
as is the case with crude and rolled steel. It is used in the manufacture of
and scrap not differing much from the
During September, high speed steels armor plates, rifle
it is conservatively above analysis, it is recommended that a
estimated that there was a surplus of and big gun barrels, etc., to which
50 per cent, mixture be used for all but
30,000,000 i)oun(ls in producers' stock in around 10 per cent, imparts the quality heavy castings (wherein no part is less
this country. This is based upon an esti- of taking a great heat without loss of than 2 in. thick). Sixty per cent, gray
mated total consumption of 125,000,000 temper. It is now in great demand bv iron machinery scrap gives good medium
pounds. As the exports were approxi- Great Britain and France. Before the castings, and no less than 80 per cent,
mately 35,000,000 pounds, this would war, it was worth around $400 per ton, scrap can be used for heavy casting.
leave 90,000,000 pounds for domestic for flO per cent, concentrates. Late quo- Castings of these compositions are
consumption. Estimates of melting by tations are $3,300 up. It is substituted claimed to be easy to machine, soft and
domestic consumers range from 80,000,- for and superior to tungsten. close grained, and easily susceptible to
000 to 100,000,000 pounds, but it is doubt- The Kennedy Claims are splendidly high polish. T!ie possibilities of high-
ful that there is capacity enough to con- situated for shipping and can be worked scrap,vanadium castinas are distinctly
sume 100,000,000 pounds pet month, to great advantage by tunnel, which, worth be"ring in mind for practically a'l
even with the recent extensions made to with the fine showing of ore, give the classes of work.
manufacturing plants. property all the earmarks of a very val-
The total production of blister copper uable mine, despite the usual pockety
in September is estimated at 165,000,000 nature of the few known deposits of ANTIMONY AND THE WAR
pounds, but the refined output is said to molvbdenum. Tlie consumption of antimony in th"^
have been 5,000,000 to 10,000,000 pounds Fnited States and Canada is estimated
less; thus it is indicated that there was to amount at present to 600 to 700 tons
an increase in smelters stocks of about ECONOMICAL VANADIUM IRON per month, which is about the consump-
10,000,000 pounds, as well as an increase CASTINGS tion in this country alone in peace times.
of 30,000,000 pounds in stocks at the THE problem of cheapening production Regular domestic consumption is now
refineries. without impairing quality is one that is probably not over 50 per cent, of nor-
always with us, and it will be of greater mal, owinu' to the hiuh jirice of the
importance than ever in tlie years of in- metal.
1916 FOUNDRY EXHIBIT AT CLEVE- dustrial rivalry following the war. The Imports of the metal and regulus for
LAND use of the cheapest suitable materials is July, 1915, were 2.439.601lb., as against
AT a recent meeting of the executive by no means the least fruitful of the only 856,653 lb. in July, 1914. Before
committee of the American Foundry- many possible fields of economy, and in the war about half the antimonv was
men's Association at Cleveland it was this connection it is interesting to note imported from Europe, but now it all
decided to receive bids for the conduct the results of a series of tests recently comes from Japan and China, indicat-
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 27
ing the tremendous expansion there. ca, innorthern Alberta, in search of The total cost of the enterprise will am-
These countries are also exporting to nickel deposits which are believed to ount to fully $100,000.
England. occur extensively in that country.
American antimony is now appearing: Some months ago H. V. Dardier, a
on the domestic market, the production prospector, returned from Fond du Lac U.S. Production of Spelter. The pro-
being estimated at the rate of 100 to with rich specimens of nickel ore and duction of spelter in the United States
150 tons per month, and it is claimed to went to England order to interest
in for the first six months of the present
be superior to the Chinese or Japanese. British capitalists. He
has been placed
year amounted to 207,6.34 tons, made
in charge of the expedition, which is on
from domestic ores, and 8,898 tons from
m a large scale, comprising 25 engineers,
foreign ores, making a total of 216,532
assayers and mineralogists in addition to
LOOKING FOR NICKEL tons, as compared with 177,091 tons for
a large force of laborers.
VICKERS, LTD., the well-known arma- They take with them machinery val- the preceding six months and 175,058
ment manufacturers, are financing an ex- ued at $50,000 and supplies costing $10,- tons for the first six months in 1914, ac-
ploration expedition to the Fond du Lac 000, being prepared for a long stay in cording to Mr. C. E. Siebenthal, of the
region lying northeast of Lake Athabas- order to thoroughly prospect the region. U.S. Geoloaical Survey.
WANTED
FUKEMAX MOULDER REQUIRED WUi'n
experience in cupola management; one tbai
can turn out flrst-class material and flnisli.
Apply, witli references, experience, salary and
when could enter on duties, to Bruce Stewan
& Co., Limited, Charlottetown, P.E.I.
(R.T.F.)
Sand FacingsSupplies
FOR THE FOUNDRY
We are producers, and any quantity to
will ship in
A want ad. in this paper will suit your convenience. Sample orders solicited.
KEEPING UP A STANDARD
Best materials expert workmanship every care the experience and the
fame of 40 years to keep us up to the highest notch of efficiency.
McCULLOUGH-DALZELL CRUCIBLES
are the very best made. Send us your next order.
If what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the'Buyers' Directory at the bock.
28 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
tlililllllillliltlilllilililililllililllllilllilililililililiiiliiililiiiiilililllililililililililii^^
T[ In this, and every issue, you will find two or three pages known
as our "Buyers' Directory." You will find listed here the various
types of foundry supplies and equipment that you might be in
need of.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
143-153 University Ave., TORONTO
llllllllllllll!lllllllllllllllllllllll!IIIIIIIIIIIIIII1lllll!llllllllllllll|il1lllilll!nil!!ll^
Air Compressors. Buckets, Grab J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia. Pa. Cupola Blast Gauges,
Robeson Process Co., New York City.
Berkshire Mfg. Co.. Cleveland, O. Pawling & Hamischfeger Co., Mil-
FredericB. Stevens. Detroit Wetisfcr & Sons. Ltd., .Montreal.
Cieieland I'neiunatlc Tool Co. of waukee, Wis. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd.,
Canada, Toronto. Core Machines, Hammer. Hamilton, Ont.
Canadian IngersoU-Rand Co., Ltd., Buffing; and Polishing
.Machlner.v. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co,, Philailelphia, Pa.
Montreal. Whitinc! Foundry Equipment Co..
Can. Niagara Derice Co.. Bridgeburg. W. W. WeUs, Toronto. Brown Specialty Machinery Co.. Chi- Haney, 111.
Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St. cago, 111.
Louis, Mo. BufTing and Polishing Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Cupola Blocks.
Independent Pneumatic Tool Co., Chi- Compositions. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.. H. Bailey & Son. Toronto.
cago, 111.
Hamilton, Ont Webster ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
W. W. Wells. Toronto.
(IsbornMfg. Co.. Cleveland, O.
Buffs. Core-making Machines. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd ,
Wis. H. a. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal. Dynamos.
Webster ft Ltd.. Montreal.
Sons, United Compound Co., Buffalo. N.Y.
Boiler Graphite. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co.. Baltimore. W. W. Wells. Toronto.
R. Stevens. Detroit.
Cranes
Joseph Dixon Crucible Co.. Jersey Frederic Dust Arresters and Exhausters.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walkei:- Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown.
City. N.J.
Harvey. ville. Ont.
Webster & Sons. Limited, Montreal. 111.
Pawling iV: Hamischfeger Co., Mil-
.Md.
Blowers. Cl'nin Bloelid. waukee. Wis. Dryers, Sand.
Forge Co., Montreal. Herbert Morris Crane &. Hoist Co., Pangbom Corporation.
Can. Buffalo
Toronto.
Cr.ines, Travelling and Jib. Hagerstown,
Canadian IngersoU-Rand Co., ...td.. I,td. Md.
Montreal. .Tohn Millen & Son, Ltd., Montreal. Curtis Pneumatic .Machinery Co., St.
Can. Sirocco Co., Ltd., Windsor, wnu Louis, Mo, Elevators, Foundry, Hydraulic,
Chaplets. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Pneumatic.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Osbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland. O.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Haji Northern Crane Works, Ltd., Walker A. R. Williams Mach. Co.. Toronto.
Webster * Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. ville. Ont.
ilton. Ont Wells Pattern & Machine Works Smart-Tumer Machine Co., Hamilton, Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd.
J. S. McCormlck Co., Pittsburg, Pa. Limited. Toronto. Montreal.
& Ont.
Monarch Eng. -Mfg. Co., Baltimore.
Whitini! Foundry Equipment Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown.
J. W. Paison Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Charcoal. <Jo..
Md.
Sheldons, Limited, Gait, Ont Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Harvey. 111.
Webster & Sons. Ltd.. .MontreaL
Whiting Foundry Equipment 'Jo.. Frederic B. Stevens. Detroit Cranes, Electric and Hand Whiting FoundiT Equipment (-u..
Haney, IlL Chemists. Power. Ilanfy. III.
Hamilton. Ont.
.Manufacturers" Brush -Co., Cleveland, J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.t.
Ohio.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Sheldons, Limited, Gait, .Ont. '
O^bom Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. O. Core Compounds. Stevens, P. B., Detroit, Mich. Fire .Sand,
Sleeper &. Hartley, Worcester, Mass. H. S. Carter ft Co.. Toronto. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Webster ft Sons, Ltd.. Montrel.
ford-Smith Machine Co.. Hamilton. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Harvey, DL Whitehead Bros Co.. Buffalo, N.T.
30 CANADIANFOUNDRYMAN
I'lasliN. Snap, Etc. Hoifiting and Conveying .Molding Sand. Sand Blast Rolling Barrels.
Berkshire Utg. Co., Clereland, O. Macliinery. Hami.ton Facing Mill Co., Ltt., Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown.
Quelph Pattern Works, Quelph, OnU Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co., Hamilton, Ont, Ud.
Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Ltd., Toronto. J, W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, fa. TUgliman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co.,
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Northern Crane Works, Walkerrille. Stevens, F. Detroit, Mich.
B., PhUadelphia, Pa,
Sterling Wheelbarrow Co., Milwaukee, A. R. WUliams Machy. Co., Toronto. Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N,Y. Whitehead Bros, Co., Buffalo, N,Y.
Wis. Whiting P'oundry Equipment Co., Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Sand Blast Devices.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Harvey, 111.
Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi-
Hoists, Electric, Pneumatic. Molding Sifters.
Foundry Coke. cago, ill.
A. R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto. Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Can, Niagara Device Co,, Bridgebuig.
Stevens, F. Detroit, Mich.
B.,
Canadian IngersoU-Rand Co., Ltd.. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Montreal. Whitehead Bros. Co,. Buffalo, N.T, Md.
Foundry Equipment. Cleveland Pneiimatic Tool Co., of Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast oo.,
Canada, Toronto. Ovens for Core-baking and PhUadelphia, Pa.
H. 8. Certer & Co., Toronto. Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St.
A. R. Williams Mach. Co., Toronto. Drying, Sand Conveying Machinery
Louis, Mo,
Webster A. Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co.. Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Standard Sand & Mach. Co., Cleve-
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., WhitJng Foundry Equipment Co,, land, O.
Ltd., Toronto.
Hamilton, Onl. Northern Crane Works, WalkervUle. Harvey, 111,
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Pawling & Hamischfeger Co., Mil- Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal, Sand Mixing Machinery
E, H. Mumford Co., Elizabeth, N.J. waukee. Wis. Standard Sand & Mach, Co., Cleve-
Miimford Molding Machine Co., Chi- E. J. Woodison Co., Toronto. Oil and Gas Furnaces. land, O.
cago, HI. Whiting Foundry Vulcan Engineering
Works, Walkerrille, Equipment Co., Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Sales Co., Chi-
Northern Crane Harvey, III. cago, HI.
Ont. Hamilton, Ont.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltlmce, Sand .Molding.
OslMm Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.
Pangbom Corporation Hagerstown. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto,
Hoists, Hand, TroUey. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Md. Hamilton Facing Co., Ltd..
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Wel)ster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. HamUton, Unt.
F. B., Detroit, Mich. Northern Crane Works, Walkerrille.
Stevens,
Herbert Morris Crane & Hoist Co.,
J. W, Paxson Co., PhUadelphia, i'a.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Patterns, Metal and Wood. Stevens, F, B., Detroit, .Mich.
Haney, Ltd., Toronto.
111.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co,, Limited. Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal.
Foundry Parting. Harvey, Ul, Ouelph Pattern Works, Ouelph, Ont. Sand Sifters.
F. W. Qulnn, Hamilton, Ont.
H. S. Carter A Co.. Toronto. Hose and Conplings. Wells Pattern & Machine Works, H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridgebuig, Canadian IngersoU-Rand Co., Ltd.,
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.. .Montreal.
Hamilton, Ont.
Onf. Pattern SIiop Equipment. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., Cleve-
Oshora Alfg. Co., Cleveland. 0. ,
land, 0.
H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto, Hamilton, (juU
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelplila, Pa. Independent Pneumatic Tool Co., Chi- Hamilton Pattern Works, Hamilton. Osboin .Mfg. Co., Clevelanil, O.
Stevens, F. B.. Detroit, Mich, Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd, J. W. Paxson Co., PhUadelphia, Pa.
cago, III,
Whitehead Bros. Co., Buffalo, N.Y. Hamilton, Ont, Standard Sand & Mach. Co., Cleve-
Ingot Metals, J. W, Paxson Co., Philadelphia, P, land, O.
Foundry Facings. Prankel Bros., Toronto. F. W. Qninn, Hamilton, Ont. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
H. 8. Carter & Co., Toronto. Stevens, F, B., Detroit, Mich. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Momieal.
Iron Cements. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Whiting Foundry Equipment
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Co..
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd. H. 8. Carter Sc Co., Toronto. Harvey, 111.
Stevens,
Small Angles.
F. B.. Detroit, Mich. Can. Niagara Device Co., Bridteburg,
J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphu, Pa, Whitinc Foundry Equipment Ont Dom. Iron ft Steel Co., Sydney, K.S,
Co.,
Stevene, F. B., Detroit, Mich. Harvey.
\WiitiM^' Foundry Equipment Co.,
III.
Polishing Wheels, Soapstone.
Harvey, Ladle Heaters. HamUton Facing MUl
111. Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Co., Ltd.,
nbster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co,, Hamilton, Ont.
Easton.
Pa.
W. W. Wells, Toronto. Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
l-urnares. Brass.
Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Ramming Platen and Machine*. Special Machinery.
U. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.. Ladle Stoppers, Ladle Nozzles, Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd.. Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.
Hamilton, Ont. and Sleeves (Graphite). Montreal. Wells Pattern ft Machine Work*.
Hawle.v Down Draft Furnace Jo.,
J. W.
Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, 0. Limited, Toronto,
Easton, Pa, Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. Seidel. R. B., Philadelphia. Webster ft Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Sprue Cutters,
J. W. Paxson Co., PhUadelphU, Pa.
McCulloch-Dalzell Cnicible Company, Hamilton Facing Mill Oo IM.,
Pittsburg, Pa. HamUton, Ont,
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., .Montreal. Rammers, Pneumatic Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Harvey, 111. Melting Pots. Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., Cleve- J, W, Paxson Co,, PhUadelphia, Pa.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. land, O. F. B. ShuBter Co., New Haven, Con.-_
Hami;ton Fachig Mill Co.. Ltd.. Independent Pneumatic Tool Co., Chi- Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
(ioggle*. Hamilton. Ont, cago, 111, Vulcan Engineering Sales Co., Chi-
Tilghman-Brooksbank Sand Blast Co., .Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. cago, HI.
Stevens F. K., netrnit. Mich. Retorts.
PhUadelphia. Pa.
E. J. Woodison Co.. Toronto,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal,
(iraphite Products. Jonathan Bartley Crucible Co., Tren-
Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal, ton, N.J. Squeezer Molding Machines
Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd., Metallurgists. .Mumford Molding
Hamilton, Ont. Machine Co., Chi-
Canadian Laboratories. Toronto. Riddles. cago, 111,
Jonathan Bartley Crucible Co., Tren-
Charies C. Kawin Co., Toronto. Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Ltd..
ton. N,J. Squeezers, Power.
Krankel Bros., Toronto. Hamilton, Ont,
McCuUoch-Dalzell Crucible Company,
I'ittsbui^, Pa,
Toronto Testing Laboratories, Toronto. Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, 0. Davenport Machine ft Foundry O.,
Webster 4 Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Millville Gravel. J. W. Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, 1*3. Iowa.
SUvena, F, B,, Detroit, Mich. HamUton Facing MUl Co., Ltd.,
Grinders, Disc, Bench, Stving. H. S. Carter A Co., Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, HamUton, Unt.
Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamilton Mixers. Mumford Molding Machine Co., Chi-
Ont. Rosin. cago, 111.
Perfect Machinery Co., Qalt, Ont,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Osborn Mfg. Co., CleveTand, O.
. I. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Webster ft Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
Grinders, Chaser or Die. .Mnlders' Tools.
Rouge. Steel Ralls.
Geometric Tool Co.. New Havel. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto.
Conn. Wm. Dobson, Canastota, N.T. W. W. Wells, Toronto. Dom. Iron ft Steel Co., Sydney, S.H.
Grinders, Electric Stevens. F. R.. Detroit. Mich. Steel Bars, all kinds.
Independent Pneumatic Tool Co., Chi-
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd. Sand Blast Machinery.
Hamilton, Ont Brown Specialty Machinery Dom. Iron ft Steel Co., Sydney, HJi,
cago, III. Co., Chi-
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal, cago, 111.
Northern Crane Works, WalkeniUa,
Grinders, Pneumatic, Portable. Canadian Ingersoll-Rand Co., Ltd. Ont,
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., Cleve-
Molding Machines. Herbert Morris Crane ft Hoist Co.,
Montreal.
land, 0. Berkahfre Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Can. Niagara Device Co., Brldgeburv, Ltd., Toronto.
Independent Pneumatic Tool Co., Chi Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., of Ont. J. W. PaxsonCo.. PhUadelphU, Pa.
cago. 111. Canada, Toronto. Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., 8t. Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mich.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., MontreaL Louis, Mo. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Hammers, Chipping Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., Whitine Foundry Equipment Co..
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., Cleve- Hamilton, Ont, Hamilton, Ont, Harvey, 111.
Improves the core instead of making it soft around the vent. Works
in unison with any kind of core binder.
i
HOLLAND CORE OIL COMPANY
Chicago, 111.
... --,--r-
The Hawley-Schwartz Furnace
/j^^^^HB^^Bl^ The Only Perfect Melter
^^-S^^^^ All metal from 50 lbs. to 10,000 lbs.
|HBPi^ .
Is Absolutely Uniform
^M '"^JlI.- Write for catalog and complete information.
*. "" ""
"""^''
. The Hawlev Down Draft Furnace Co.
Easton, Penn., U.S.A.
ADVERTISING INDEX
Bartley Crucible Co 6 Lundv Shovel & Tool Co. 25 Seidel, R. B 6
Berkshire Mfg. Co 1 Standard Sand & Machine 4
Brown Specialty Machinery Co. ... Manufacturers Brush Co 31
Co.
There is an Osborn machine for every kind and size of work from the simple form of
plain jolt machine for the core-room to eloctritallv-operated aufomaitcs for the largest,
most difficult castings. The Osborn Diroct-Eraw Eoll-Over Jolt type (five sizcsi of
machine perfoims all operations automatically, except the shoveling of the sand.
d Meritorious
^JADlA|Npip^!TvlA]S
Metal Industry News
A Monthly Newspaper Devoted to the Foundry, Patternmaking, Plating and Polishing Fields. Published by The MacLean Publishing
Company Limited, Toronto, Montreal, Winnipeg, and London, England
Hundreds of Iron and Brass Foundries could pay larger dividends but for
numerous profit leaks.
Berkshire
Air Squeezers
The machine
you are looking-
for. It has no
equal. This is a
plain statement
of facts. Hun-
dreds of users
are proving
this every day
in the most
p r o g r e s sive
foundries in the
world.
The Berkshire
Universal
Universal power molding
machine for Malleable, Gray
The Berkshire- Iron or Brass foundries. Split
patterns, match plates or
Acme Core Machine plain gates. All molds ex-
If what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
y/'Mmimw// yv/^^ IM"""///,. y"% ^'^ '"%..
# i i ... 1-^
'Z^^''///..
y/J^^^^^^'.
1 1 iiiiiistii^r^s ifipi-
the Saturday Evening Post a short time ago, there aj)peared an article entitled
IN"The Passing of Narrow Gauge." It certainly was worth reading. It would
encourage even the rankest and most confirmed pessimist. Let us quote:
"The broad-gauge man was speaking of tlie fall in exchange between pounds and
dollars.Some big wheat contracts had been cancelled to save exchange. Canada
had placed her forty-million dollar loan in New York instead of London, and
by so doing had saved over a million in exchange.
" 'Do you care to give any views as to how exchange will be righted?' I asked.
He did not care to have his name given, but here is what he said:
" 'England will restore exchange by shipping gold to the United States, and
we'll borrow it back from them.'
"Do you appreciate just, what that answer meant? Canada is to-day the king-pin
of the triangle between London and New York banks. London cannot afford
to have i2old uo ])eniianently out of the Empire. New York cannot afford to
have half a billion of gold lying idle in her vaults. Canada will need to borrow,
and she will be unable to liorrow in England. The present financial movement
from London to New York, from New York to Canada, is one of the most
significant things that has happened since Confederation. Canada mu.st play
the financial game henceforth with L^ncle Sam and .John Bull as her partners,
and she holds the pivotal place in the game. Will she be broad-minded enough
to play it? Yes, for the narrow-gauge man will pass off the boards.
"For a hundred years Canada and the United States have existed side by side
without a fortre.*.s. For the next hundred years they will exist .ide by .side,
bound together by gold strands."
*JA day or so before this issue Canadian Foundryman went to press the sales
of
manager of one of our leading companies told us that inquiries and orders
steel
for pig iron were being received every day from all over the country. He expressed
the opinion that business is showing a vast improvement.
H Similar reports are being received from various other sources, and it looks as
though the promised wave of prosperity is already breaking on our shore.
\ Improved business conditions means new foundry equipment and supplies im-
mediately. The scarcity of labor will naturally result in a big demand for labor-
saving machinery.
U If Ave were to advise you to commence now to advertise your -line in Canada's
only Foundry paper, do you think you could go very far wrong?
Canadian Foundryman
143-153 University Ave., TORONTO
f
Built for all metals, all fuels and all conditions, with cru-
cibles or without, Avith iron pots "Stationary or Tilting."
Our "Arundel" Core Oven is of the same quality construction its drop-down
front is the only difference.
// what you want is not advertised in this is-sue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
S TA NDA RD
SA ND MIXING and CON VE YING MA CHINER Y
Is being widely copied, which proves its established record of
fifteen years in the foundries.
DISCHARGE END
NO. I R01U/7./BLENDING MACHINE
Don't worry about the scarcity of labor to handle your raw and finished material.
DO IT MECHANICALLY. Our Engineering Department will gladly show you how.
The E. J. WOODISON CO., Canadian Agents
MUMFORD Jolt-Squeezer
The different types of Mumford Machines take care of all the different classes of work.
Let us know what yon do and we ivill he glad to prove what we can do for you.
''
E. H. Mumford Company fret"" Elizabeth, N.J., U.S.A.
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
TABOR
10 POWER
SQUEEZER
We have had 92 of these machines
operating in one shop for over nine
years and the total cost of repair parts
ordered has been less than $10.00
a striking tribute to TABOR
QUALITY.
SEND FOR BULLETIN M-R
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
CANADIAN FOUND RYMAN
2
Speed
1 H.P.
-3
Lb.
o of
C
It
(R.P.M.)
"
3 Press.
-
Roots H i gh - Pressure Blower. o 3"
IT
Blower.
shaft,
1 2.95 I
23 205 2.8 8
24 1V2 250 3.5
21 2 340 4.8
24 1% 150 3.5
2 [ 4.8 27 2 210 4.8 10
30 31/, 1
365 8.3
1 28 1 2V2 160 6.3
3 8.3 1 30 31/2 215 8.5 12
I 32 1 5 325 12
33 1 5 190 12
o 4 13.1 37
42
42
1
1
6
7
7
230
270
180
14.5
16
16
14
1
8
1
230 22, 16
48 10 255 24
Blower ~"180
48 10 24
oV". 28.2 54 12 215 28 18
58 13 230 30.8
~54~ ~]2 160 28
6 38.5 1 60 14 185 34 20
1
64 16 210 38.4
1 62 15 150 36.5
6V. 51.2 66 18 175 42.6 22
& F. M. ROOTS
1
72 21 205 51
P. H. 66
1
18 145 42.6
7 61.6 1
72 21 170 51 24
COMPANY 1
78
72
24
21
1 195
130
58
51
Home Office:
o 7% 81.0
1
1
78
84
24
28
150
175
58
65
28
84 28 125 65
CONNERSVILLE, INDIANA
!
s 11). 2 1 87 30 135 73 30
1
90 33 145 76.6
|2-66 36 160 84.5
New York Office: 120 Liberty Street.
APPLIED TO CUPOLAS
Chicago Office: 1245 Marquette Bldg.
^
If what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Director)/ at the back.
1
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
"WABANA"
MACHINE CAST PIG IRON
ALL METAL NO SAND
ChillC?ist" SJNDLESS''?\^ Iron
melts quicker or with lower fuel
consumption than Sand Cast Iron.
Machine Cast Iron is shipped 2,240
pounds to the ton, and it is ^// Metal
no sand.
SALES OFFICES :
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement tell him.
Plant of the Steel Company of Canada, Hamilton, Ont. II.
Staff Article
From the ore mines of Mesabi to the figJiting front in France is a long way to go, bat not
long enough to prevent a steady flow of shells and other munitions of vmr. The help which
Canada is giving to the Empire, groivs in vobime and variety as it progresses Eastward and
the valued assistance being rendered by establishments such as the one described in this
article are a convincing evidence of Canada's present power and future potentiality.
products of com-
which are
5^ BricA Brick the tap hole, which
was securely closed
bination,
conveyed through
Burnt /i/\agnesite by forcing material
the regenerators to into it from the in-
the chimney flue. side of the furnace.
After a suitable
W////////y///////////Z7, As will be observed
lapse of time the in the illustration of
ports are reversed, the casting pit, a
incom- gallery extends
so that the
'A'AV/X^M .
oxygen of which combines with the car- deposits it in a section of the soaking about one hour. This treatment is neces-
bon, boiling off and escaping as gas. pit, where maintained in an upright
it is sary to allow the ingot to attain an even
While the metal is running off into the position at a steady temperature for temperature throughout, and also to
Teeming
The pouring of the molten steel into
moulds is known as teeming. The teem-
ing ladle is made of heavy sheet steel
lined with fire-brick and provided with
a stopper or plug which fits into a hole
in the bottom. The stopper is controlled
by a handle which allows the operator
to control the flow of metal into the in-
got moulds, the ladle being moved over
each mould by the overhead crane from
which it is suspended. These moulds
are of very massive cast iron construc-
tion and rest on stools carried by the
<3ars. After the ingot moulds are filled,
the train of cars is taken to the rolling
mill, by which time the metal is suffi-
ciently solidified to allow the mould to
be drawn off or stripped, as shown in
photogTaph. done by a 75-ton
This is
Alliance crane, which has a pair of links
which grip the mould under the lugs and
pull it up clear of the ingot. Another
crane immediately grips the ingot and TKAIX OF INGOT MOULDS EN ROUTE TO RllLLING MILL.
>18 C A NA D I AN FOUNDRY M A N
or less mechanical point of solidifica-
RR.MOVING HOT ING(JT FKOM SOAKING PIT TO BE ROT.LKD INTO BT.OOMS IN STRIPPING THE MOPLD FROM THE
THE BLOOMING MILL. HOT INGOT.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 219
mill motor complete weighs 429,- let is placed iu a cup-shaped die, and a The Spirit of the Plant
000 pounds, and the rotating part, round nose punch is forced into it caus- The vagaries of fate are well illus-
which operates at a maximum speed ing it to fill out and extrude upwards trated by the fact that while "doing
of 100 revolutions per minute, around the punch. Suitable stripping their bit" in producing the much-need-
weiglis 164,000 pounds. This motor is gear removes the pierced billet from the ed material required by the Empire, the
provided with a thrust bearing, on its die, and it is immediately transferred to company, adhering to the most modern
shaft and a braking coupling is installed an adjoining press for cupping and business policy, is an admirable ex-
between the bearing and the pinion hous- drawing. ponent of the humane principles of
ing. The flywheel set weighs 367,130 ,
In order to form the interior to the "safety first." The mutual considera-
pounds, and the rotating part weighs desired shape, the point of the drawing tion for each other's interests which ex-
240,000 pounds. punch is made to the proper outline and ists between the company and its army
Ventilation is provided by a Sirocco the press is moved downward forcing of employees is well evidenced by the
fan installed by the American Blower the punch into the bottom of the billet environment of harmony which per-
Co., Detroit, which has a capacity of which rests in a cupping die placed in meates the atmosphere of the entire or-
24,000 cubic feet of free air per minute. position temporarily.
. Solid stops are ganization.
Forging the Shell arranged to arrest the travel of the In the midst of industry and activity,
punch at the required point after which heat, smoke, gTime, and other insepar-
The round bars, from which the shell
the punch with the forging on it is able features of steel manufacture, the
forgings are made, are of considerable
raised slightly to allow the cupping die company has not failed to realize its
length and must be cut to an exact size
to be removed. The punch is now forced moral duty to those whose toil and ef-
so that excess material or waste is re-
duced to a minimum. The bars or down through the drawing dies which fort, both of brain and muscle, have
vine-clad buildings, expert used as a deoxidiser adds fluidity and Parts to be machined should be cast
grounds,
landscape gardening, etc. the company aids soundness. The great essential in down; as any oxide present works to the
top. The sand used in moulding should
betrays that attention and consideration Admiralty specifications is purity of raw
materials; the copper used should not be of open texture and drier than is used
for every detail, which has been an all-
contain more than 0.25 per cent, of ar- for iron. The molds should be well ram-
important factor in placing it in the en-
senic, nor the zinc more than 0.25 per med and well vented.
viable position which it now occupies as
one of Canada's leading industrial estab- cent, of lead. Care must be taken- not to
lishments. overheat the metal in the furnace, nor to PORTABLE CHANNEL IRON PUNCH
% keep it at full heat for any longer time AN addition to their existing line of
than is necessary; the molds must be portable hand metal punches, has just
GUNMETAL: ITS COMPOSITION ready when the metal is ready. The max- been made by the W. A. Whitney Mfg.
AND APPLICATIONS imum temperature of pouring may be Co., Rockford, 111., in the shape of a
taken as 1,300 deg. Cent., and the aim punch for handling channel iron.
THE following is a short summary of an
"Foun- should be to bring out the metal at this The tool as can be observed from the
article recently published in the
heat in order that it may enter the mold illustration is designed principally for
dry Trades' Journal":
at not less that 1,100 deg. Cent. The rate
The compositions which come under use on channel or other similar flanged
of pouring should be more rapid than work, the gap on the end of frame lever
the heading of gunmetal include chiefly
with iron; in fact, the metal should be being so shaped that the tool can be
the following:
poured as rapidly and fully as possible.
opper Tin Zinc Gun-metal being a somewhat sluggish
11 2 metal, it is well to flush the mold by
88
11 1 pouring extra metal through to clears
88
87 8 5 away any gases which are liable to be
87.5 6.25 6.25 entrapped.
84 12 4 The molds may be either green-sand or
dry-sand. Much small work can be cast
The first of these is the recognized Ad- in gi-een-sand, but if difficulty is experi- "WHITNEy PORTABLK
CHAXNE'L IRON PUNCH,
miralty steam metal, the second is used enced with blow-holes, it is advisable
for general admiralty work, the third is to dry the molds, and this is frequently slipped over the end of the section and
for propellers, the fourth for bolts, and done in larger work, as the trouble may moved along to the desired part.
the fifth is a well-known metal for bear- be due to gases created in the moldinj;- The portable channel iron punch has
ings. In making gun-metal, the copper blowing through the metal to escape. a capacity of a Vi inch hole through V4
should be melted first at a fairly rapid Thesegases are, of course, practically re- inch iron, and can punch to the centre
rate in a good fire, a cover of broken moved during the drying process, and of 4 inch channel iron having lYo inch
slass or powdered charcoal being used there is only the contained air in the flange. It uses the same punches and
to protect from the atmosphere or from mold to be attended to. An open-grainod dies as themakers' No. 2 punch, all the
furnace fumes. When the metal is mol- sand usually obviates this trouble. Holes small parts of each being interchange-
ten, the tin should be added, and finally, due to the liberation of dissolved gases able. The sizes of punches and dies are
just prior to pouring, the zinc, the tem- are only dealt with by more careful from Ys inch to V2 inch, advancing by
-
perature then being raised slightly to melting or by changing the copper for a 1-.S2 rds.
CONCERNING "STELLITE" are produced for turning steel which by its use may not
be out of place.
By Elwood Haynes.* readily withstand from 1,200 to 1,500 It was recently
ascertained that a
applied to a binary alloy consist- under this Bars that would stand
test. tons ranging from 31/2 in. to in. in 4%
ing of cobalt and chromium, which as high as 1,850 pounds have been pro- diameter before it became too much worn
the writer discovered and produced as duced, but were not found to be equal off for further use. This work was per-
early as 1899. It was not until some in cutting qualities to some other com- formed in regular practice and not as a
years later that its properties were fully positions of slightly less strength. It test. A more remarkable and more
still
investigated, when it was found to pos- should be remarked at this point that recent performance has just come to
sess the following properties: the cutting qualities of any steel do not light in the same factory. A Stellite tool
1. A considerable amount of hard- depend primarily upon its strength, but of the same dimensions as that men-
ness, as alloys containing 10 per cent, or upon the suitable combination of tioned above, but which was ground to
more of chromium could not be success- strength, hardness, resistance to wear, the round nose form and used for turn-
fully filed, though the file could slowly etc. The strength of a tool is in reality ing pistons, turned off more than 8,000
wear away the suface of the metal. a question of elastic limit. Steels pos- pounds of cast iron before becoming too
2. Considerable toughness. Alloys con- sessing this quality to the highest de- short for use. Considering only the por-
taining as high as 25 per cent, chronium gTce are nickel steels, nickel chrome tion of the tool which was actually
showing elongation of 10 per cent, or steelsand vanadium chrome steels. For ground away, the tool turned off 1,000
more. turning steel and iron, however, they times its weight of east iron before be-
3. Comparatively high tensile strength are of little or no value, since they lack coming too short for service.
and elastic limit. A bar of forged metal in hardness and resistance to abrasion, Both of the above tools were made
showing elastic limit of 85,000 pounds particularly at high temperature. especially for turning cast iron. Another
and tensile strength of 110,000 pounds. combination is used for turning steel,
Maintaining the Cutting Edge which has also shown equally remarkable
4. Fine color and lustre. The color
of the alloy lies between that of steel The virtue of the Stellite tool lies in results. These tools are now being used
and silver. its ability to maintain
its cutting edge at extensively for turning shrapnel shells at
5. Absolute resistance to oxidation or a high rate of speed' at temperatures high speed for the European war.
other changes when exposed to either which would immediately cause the fail- While long wear is an important pro-
dry or moist atmosphere at all tempera- ure of any known tools containing any perty in a lathe tool, it is not the essen-
tures under a dull red heat. notable quantity of iron. Its great hard- tial or most valuable property. The value
In 1911 the writer succeeded in pro- ness and resistance to abrasion at all of the tool, even at the comparatively
ducing very hard alloys (consisting es- working temperatures are likewise valu- high price of Stellite sinks into insig-
sentially of cobalt and chronium) by ad- able properties. nificance when compared with the value
ding tungsten or molybdenum or both. Owing to the fact that Stellite retains of the time saved. For example, in the
The hard alloys thus formed could not be its hardness even at a full red heat, it cast iron performance mentioned above,
scratched with the file, but in turn would cannot be forged. This fact, however, the Stellite cost only about Ic per day,
scratch any steel that could be produced. is rather a virtue than a detriment so while it effected a net saving of from
Some of these alloys were extremely brit- far as use is concerned, because if the $2 to $3 per day. In other words, it is
tle, and those used for lathe tools re- alloy would soften sufficiently for forg- the value of the output wliicli counts and
quire very careful handling. Some of ing when heated it would, of course, im- not the cost of the tool.
them that showed excellent cutting quali- mediately lose its cutting edge at the
ties when used for turning cast iron or same temperature and tliis would limit
steel would break very easily if sub- its usefulness to a marked decree.
FOUNDRY EXHIBITION OF 1916
A. 0. BACKER T, secretary American
jected to any abnormal stress. A Recent Performance Foundrymen's Association, has issued
In order to determine the stress re-
From the above fact Stellite can only the following statement in his capacity
quired to break a %-in. sq. tool, for ex-
be reduced to the desired form by cast- as secretary of a special committee of
ample, a small clamp was made in the
ing it in dies in the form of bars which the American Foundrymen's Association
form of a slot precisely similar to the
are afterward ground to a cutting edge. and the American Institute of Metals.
slot used in the tool holder.
Its capabilities as a lathe tool are now Details of the new arrangement for the
A short piece or bar of Stellite was
universally acknowledged, though in cer- annual exhibition of foundry equipment
placed in this slot and) pressure applied
tain cases failures have resulted, due to and supplies are given in the following
vertically near the end of the bar at' a
improper knowledge of the alloy and its members of the
letter addressed to the
distance of 1 in. from the clamp. Some
peculiarities. It should be remembered' American Foundrymen's Association:
of the weaker bars broke at from 100 to
that it is not a steel and therefore re- As a result of several conferences,
300 pounds pressure under this test.
quires special handling, which enables held recently at Cleveland and Pitts-
Gradually the strength of the bars was
the operator to utilize its valuable pro- burgh, by the special committee em-
increased until they would readily with-
perties to the best advantage. powered by the American Foundrymen's
stand 1000 pounds, and at this time bars
Without going into the method of Association and the American Institute
Haynes Stellite Works, Kokomo, Ind. handling the alloy, some results obtained of Metals to select the time and place
224 CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
for the 1916 foundryraen's convention, Twelfth and Chestnut Streets, Cleve- tremely finely divided nickel, and also
it has been decided to meet in Cleveland land, Ohio, on or before 12 o'clock noon, holds in a state of occlusion or chemical
during- the week of September 11. Eastern time, Saturday, November 13, combination a considerable quantity of
At Atlantic City the executive board 1915. hydrogen gas. It is claimed, after con-
of the American Foundrymen's Associa- This communication has been autho- siderable research, that the welding rods
tion authorized ^the apjiointment of a rized by this special committee, and its obtained by this process effectively elim-
inate and counteract the disadvantages
committee of five to decide upon next secretary has been instructed to notify
year's meeting- place, and this commit- vou of the action taken. of the welding process. An example of
the method of carrying out the invention
tee was instructed by the American In-
is as follows:
stitute of Metals to serve also in its be-
Hydrogen gas is passed over powdered
half. This special committee is consti- SPECIAL WELDING METAL FOR
nickel, or nickel oxide so that nickel
tuted as follows: R. A. Bull, Common- IRON AND MILD STEELS
chemically combines with the gas. The
wealth Steel Company, Granite City,
THE necessity for using welding metals
gas, thus charged with nickel is passed
president of the American Foundry-
111., specially made for the oxy-acetylene which the material
into a closed vessel in
men's Association, chairman; Joseph T. welding process should be recognized by
The tempera-
to be treated is contained.
Speer, Pittsburgh Valve, Foundry & all users of the process, says the Acety-
ture and time of treatment play an im-
Construction Company, Pittsburgh, and lene and Welding Journal.
&Buttorff
portant part. The gas is continuously
Alfred E. Howell, Phillips Until recently no special welding metal
passed over the metal or rods under a
Mfg. Company, Nashville, Tenn., past for work on iron and mild steels existed,
pressure slightly above atmospheric pres-
presidents; J. P. Pero, Missouri Malle- and it is well known that until the ad- sure. The time of treatment and the
able Iron Company, East St. Louis, 111., vent of such a metal, wires or rods of temperature employed will necessarily
senior vice-president, and A. 0. Backert, 'Swedish iron should be used in prefer- vary with the degree of impregnation re-
Cleveland, secretary American Foun- ence to all other welding metals. The
quired, with the thickness of the iron
drymen 's Association. French Welding Union have been carry- treated and its quality. When the treat-
The annual exhibition of foundry ing out a series of experiments with the
ment has been effected the product is
equipment and supplies, to be held con- object of obtaining a welding metal for
cooled down in an atmosphere of hydro-
currently with the meetings of these or- iron and steel which would deoxidize the
gen, or other inert gas.
ganizations, will be conducted under the welds, increase their strength and more
Among the principal results obtained
auspices of the American Foundrymen's important still, increase their ductility. by applying this patented process are :
-
. - -
AsBt. General
President
General Manager
Manaser
in Canadian consumption may result from the recently
placed contracts for large shells, but that such an increase
PUBLISHERS will result in a state of affairs approaching a steel famine
seems hardly probable.
The uncertainty regarding developments in the war
^lAl^pip^fMAJNI during the next few months is sufficient to prevent accur-
ate forecasting of the industrial situation. The success
which has attended the organization of national arsenals
Metal Industry News and controlled munitions plants in Great Britain is reduc-
ing the tendency to distribute shell orders broadcast as
A Monthly Technical Journal devoted to the Foundry and Metal
has been done recently. Consequently, when the present
Industries.
high peak of production has been passed, the consumption
PETER BAIN, M.E., Edlto'
on this account may be expected to decrease.
B. G. NEWTON Adveriisinf Manager
OPFICDS: The recent arrival on this side of the ocean of French
CANADA Government officials regarding the assistance which could
Montreal Rooms 701-702 Eastern Townships Bank Building, be rendered by American firms in the ultimate period of
Telephone Main 1255.
Toronto 143-149 University Ave. Telephone Main 7324. construction points to a possible continuance of consump-
UNITED STATES tion which, under the circumstances, might be of ex-
New York R. B. Huestis, 115 Broadway, New York. tended duration rather than of excessive urgency. The
Telephone 8971 Rector.
ChicaKo A. H. Byrne, Room 607, 140 South Dearborn Street, fact that British steel makers are extending their plants
Phone Randolph, 3234., with all possible haste should not be lost sight of in its
BoBton C. L. Morton. Room 733. Old South Bldg.,
bearing on the steel market in this country.
Telephone Main 1024.
GREAT BRITAIN While many furnace companies are endeavoring to
London The MacLean Company of Great Britain, Limited. place further orders for ore, indicating the probability of
88 Fleet Street, B.C. E. J. Dodd, Director. Telephone Central
12960. Addres*: Atabek. London, England. a shortage on docks during the winter, British firms are
SUBSCRIPTION RATE: able to procure a steady supply of ore from Spain with
Canada, $1.00 for two years; United States, $1.60 for two which to increase their output. The close contact of Bel-
years; Great Britain, Australia and other colonies. 4s. 6d., for two gian, French and British officials and manufacturers dis-
years; other countries, $1.50 for two years. Advertising rates
on request. counts the probability of reconstruction opportunities
Subscribers who are not receiving their paper regularly will being overlooked or suffering from lack of preparation by
confer a favor by letting us know. We should be notified at European manufacturers. The recovery of the Minette
once of any change in address, giving both old and new.
ore mines and the Alsace deposits by France will stimu-
late manufacturing in many ways, but as by that time, the
Vol. VI. DECEMBER. 1915 No. 12 demand for munitions may have decreased somewhat, the
present highly organized industry of France may well be
PRINCIPAL CONTENTS expected to resume production promptly and largely.
Plant of the Steel Company of CaAada, Hamilton, Ont. II.. 215-222 The nature of financial relations between Europe and
General 222 America may not be without a retarding effect on the
GuiinietMl : lis Composition and Applications. .. .Port-
able Channel Iron I'unch. future steel trade between the two continents. The neces-
Papers Read at tlie Recent Foundrymen's Convention 223 sity for observing every available financial and industrial
Cuucernir.g "Stellite."
General 22.3-224
economy is becoming more apparent every day, and even
Foundry Exhibition of 1916 Special Welding .Mi't:il later, when the tide of events is undeniably set towards
tor iron and .Mild Steels. ... Xova Scotia Steel Co.
Editorial Allied triumph, the necessity for economy will not be any
22.5
Is a Steel Famine Really Imminent? less urgent.
Plating and Polishing- Department 226
Galvanizing Con units. Under these circumstances, and in the absence of fur-
Selected Marliet Quotations (Advtg. .Seotion) 23 ther immediate increases in domestic consumption, the
The General Marliet Conditions and Tendencies 24-27 supply of steel may not fall so far short of the demand as
Toronto I.#tter Trade Gossip Cataliigues Boolx
Keviews. to assume the nature of an absolute famine.
The commercial activity throughout the country which
IS A STEEL FAMINE REALLY IMMINENT? results from and reacts upon the steel industry in times
the unexpected always happens, it might reasonably like the present creates demands which do not partake of
JFbe argued that the expected never happens. Present the urgency of' war orders. Additions to rolling stock,
reports and future prospects, however, would seem to building operations, county and municipal improvements,
justify many of the assertions which are being made and many other undertakings of a similar kind are limited
regarding- the inability of steel makers to meet the present in their rate of progress by the cost of construction. The
demand, although, whether the demand is liable to in- dull times in Canada and the United States which pre-
crease still further, is at the moment largely conjecture. ceded the war, prevented the placing of much business,
As the largest producer of steel in the world, the which, had it been gone on with, would have caused the
United States is enjoying a period of unprecedented ac- present situation to be much more acute.
tivity. That this activity is directly due to the war there The highest bidder does not always get the material,
can be no doubt, for while many observers credit the and just as some firms across the line have an eye to their
scarcity of steel to a greatly increased home consumption, own permanent customers, to the refusal of export busi-
it is obvious that much, if not nearly all of this domestic ness, so will Allied interests encourage the formation of
activity in the States developed after the placing of war connections which, while of more than urgent necessity at
contracts by the belligerents. the present moment, will later assume an economic value
Reports as to the actual rate at which munition and out of all proportion to their present cost.
PLATING AND POLISHING DEPARTMENT
Practical Articles, Useful Data, Descriptions of Machinery,
GALVANIZING CONDUITS pipe, eciLiivalent to 1,750 t. The larger where it is tested to ascertain if the
THE manufacture of
conduits at the plant of the Orpen
galvanized sizes, being heavier, fewer pipes are
dipped at one operation.
zinc and enamel are adhering
coating
in a satisfactory manner. The tests are
Conduit Co., Toronto, Ont., pre- The basket is suspended from and car- very thorough, as the conduit must eon-
sents several interesting features, the ried along by means of an electrically- form in all respects to Underwriters'
principal one being that the pipe is cop- operated hoist on an overhead runway, rules.
per-plated before being galvanized. Cop- extending the full length of the tank. Elbows
per-plating is a protective covering of At the end of the operation, when empty, The above-mentioned processes cover
great value in resisting corrosion, form- the baskets are returned on an overhead the straight lengths of conduit only.
ing an ideal
'
couple' between the metal
"
' runway at each side of the tank. The The elbows are treated in a somewhat
of the tube and the zinc. The zinc is, hoist has lifting and lowering motions indifferent way, chiefly as regards hand-
therefore, deposited on copper and not for use when dipping the pipes. ling. Short lengths of pipe are received
on ifen by means of the electro-deposi- The pipes are dipped in three different at the factory, threaded at both ends.
tion 'process, thus its full value as a rust solutions before being copper-plated. The first requirement is to bend them to
preventative is secured. After being in the copper-plating tank the required angle and radius. For the
Tbi^ conduit, which bears the trade the prescribed length of time, they are larger pipes a belt-driven bending ma-
name of "Xceladuct, " is a high-grade taken out and dipped in the zinc tank, chine operated from the line shaft is
mild steel butt-weld pipe of special where they remain about 45 minutes. used, while the smaller .size pipes are
quality,' being heavier than ordinary tub- They are then taken out and put in the bent in a steam-operated machine. In
ing. The pipe for the straight conduit rinsing tank. both cases different forms are used to
is received at the factory in 10-ft. The electrical equipment for the zinc suit the various sizes of pipe.
lengths, and is made in Canada; the and copper tanks consists of two motor- The elbows, as in the case of the
bends arc, of course, shorter. The pipe driven plating dynamos. One unit con- straight pipes, undergo the pickling pro-
is threaded at both ends, one end having sists of Canadian Hanson & Van
a cess and in the same set of tanks. The
a coupling when sliipped. The conduit is Winkle Co. plating dynamo, 8,000 am- elbows are, however, scrubbed with sand
made in sizes from ^4 in- to 6 in. in- peres, 6 volts., direct-connected to an after being inckled. They are then cop-
clusive. 85 h.p. C.G.E. motor running at 470 per-plated in the same tank as the
Pickling Process r.ji.m. The other unit is of the same straight lengths, but have a separate
The first process consists of pickling, make and size, l)ut belt-driven by an 80 tank for the galvanizing process. The
which is done to remove the scale, etc., h.p. C.G.E. motor. The wiring from the current for the zinc tank is furnished
from the pipe. For this process there dynamo is taken under the floor, up the by a plating dynamo, whicli is also con-
are installed a number of wood tanks, outside of the tank, and connected to nected to the zinc tumblirm- tank used
the first containing a potash solution for tlie anodes. for galvanizing the couplings. The dyna-
removing oil or grease from the pipe. Drying and Insulating mo supplies current at 6 volts, 400 am-
The pipes are then dipped tank con- in a After the pipes have been rinsed, they jieres. After being galvanized, which
taining sulphuric acid, which removes are taken from the basket and placed takes about 30 minutes, the elbows are
the scale. They are then dipped in an- vertically over a grating through which taken out and hung on a rack to dry, and
other tank containing muriatic acid, air is passing from a blower. The pipes then taken over to the insulating tank
which gives a smooth surface to the are thus thoroughly dried before being to be enameled inside. After being en-
pipe. insulated and again inspected. For the ameled, they are hung on racks to dry,
On the completion of tlie foregoing, insulating or enameling process, the and are then inspected and stamped the
the pipes are laid out on a flat table, pipes are laid inclined on a table and same as the straight conduit. The el-
where they are carefully inspected. A the enamel flows from an overhead tank bows are also inspected and tested be-
powerful light at one end enables an ex- througli them into a shallow tank, tween the various processes. All sizes
amination of the inside to be made. Any whence pumped back by means of
it is are treated in the same way.
defective pipes are laid to one side, and a motor-driven rotary pump to the over- Couplings
the sound ones are taken over to the liead tank. The pipes are then placed As already stated, a coupling is sup-
plating department. vertically over a grating to dry, a cur- plied with each length of conduit. The
Plating and Galvanizing rent of air passing through accomplishes first process consists of pickling, which
In the plating department are installed this. is done in the same set of tanks as the
a series of five tanks in one row, each They next go to tlie labeling table, pipe and elbows. They are also copper-
being 14 feet deep, and having a capac- where they are laid and two labels
flat plated in the same tank, and are held
ity of 4,000 gallons. The tanks sit in affixed one factory label and one for in wire baskets during the process. For
an asphalt pit, and are constructed of the Underwriters. At this stage the galvanizing, there is a special tumbling
wood or steel, according to the character pipes are carefully examined by the Un- tank installed, in which the couplings
of solution which they contain. Before derwriters' inspector, who selects one are revolved for tliree hours. When the
being dipped in the first tank, the pipes from eacli batcli to be tested. Before galvanizing process is completed, the
are assembled in a "basket," in which leaving the table^ a coupling is screwed couplings are taken out and washed in
they are held until this process is com- on one end of each pipe, after which cold water. They are then put in wire
pleted. The basket is made of copper, they are tied in bundles ready for ship- baskets, washed again in hot water, and
and is constructed so as to hold the ping. The test pipe is cut in two sec- afterwards laid on a wire screen to dry.
pipes vertically. It has a capacity for tions on a hack saw machine, and a They are afterwards taken to the store
175 lengths, each 10 ft. long, of i^-in. length taken to the inspector's office. room to be used as required.
CANADIAN F UN DRY MAN 21
Foundry Supplies
and Equipment
If you value High Quality^
Prompt Delivery and
Reasonable Price you'll
appreciate the goods that we
have to offer
Foundry Ladles
Flat bottom riveted steel bowls
J provided with forged lips and vent holes.
// vihat you want is not advertised in th is issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the hack.
.
Lake Superior, char- and C, 35 per cent.; cast iron, 60; stan-
Open-hearth billets, Pittsburgh. 29 00
coal, Chicago 17 25 dard bushings, 60; headers, 60; flanged
Forging billets, Pittsburgh .... 50 00
Ferro Nickel pig iron unions, 60; malleable bushings, 60;
Wire rods, Pittsburgh 38 00
(Soo) 25 00 nipples, 75; malleable, lipped union, 65.
13 50 12 00
i/g in .$12.75 Polishing wheels, bullneck. .80
Scrap Zinc
3-16 in 8.85 Emery in kegs 4^/2 to .06
l/a in 6.15 Pumice, ground .05
COKE AND COAL. 5-16 in 4.90 Emery glue 15 to .20
Solvay foundry coke $5.75 % in
."
4.05 Tripoli composition 04 to .06
Connellsville foundry coke 5.00 7-16 in 3.85 Crocus composition 04 to .06
Yough steam lump coal 3.83 V2 in ^.75 Emery composition 05 to .07
Penn. steam lump coal 3.63 Vs in 3.60 Rouge, silver 25 to .50
Best slack 2.99 y_i in 3.60 Rouge, nickel and brass . . .15 to .25
net ton f.o.b. Toronto. Prices per 100 lb. Prices Per f.b.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 23
Crucibles of Quality
Tilting Furnace
UNIFORM CRUCIBLES
Our Specialty.
Service and Durability
Ensure Economy.
Catalogue on request
being placed first. and are basing prices for each gauge on also scarce and quotations are nominal.
The reorganization of the Shell Com- its cost. Some
mills are said to be re- Tin.
The market is dull and feature-
mittee has been completed and the new fusing quote on galvanized sheets
to less with prices lower. There continues
body will be known as the Imperial Mu- on account of operations having been to be little interest shown by buyers for
nitions Board. J. W. Flavelle of this cut down due to the acid and spelter sit- any deliveries, at the same time sellers
city has been appointed chairman, and uations. Black sheets are quoted at 2.40c are inclined to be indifferent. Tin has
General Alex. Bertram deputy-chairman. to 2.75c Pittsburgh, and blue annealed declined 2c and is being quoted at 46c
A Commission has been appointed to en- 2.10c to 2.25c Pittsburgh. per pound.
quire into the supply of raw materials In the States there is no cessation in
Copper. The market is strong and
for the production of munitions. Col. the demand, which on nearly all lines of higher and the position of copper is a
Thomas Cantley will be Chairman of .steel products, is beyond the capacity of decidedly strong one. Consumption is
the Commission. the mills to supply. The majority of increasing and is, if anything, in excess
Industrial conditions continue to steel companies have sold their output of the current output. Lake copper is
gteadily improve and a more optimistic for the first quarter of 1916 and have now quoted at 20%c and electrolytic at
feeling prevails in business circles witli enquiries extending into the second quar- 2OV2C per pound.
regard to the outlook for the future. ter. Some authorities believe that prices Spelter.
The market advanced in
Money is circulating more freely, rail- have reached a danger point and any London, but this did not stimulate the
way earnings are increasing, and the further advances should be prevented if New York market. The situation is
volume of business growing notwith-
is possible. There is little indication, how- practically unchanged and indications
standing a steady advance in prices of ever, that prices have reached the top point to higher prices rather than other-
many lines. The volume of exports is level. It is reported from London that wise. Spelter is unchanged at 21c per
also increasing eaeli month, thus im- the Allies can now manufacture all the pound.
proving the financial condition of the munitions they require. Even if this is Lead.
Both London and New York
country. the case they will still need steel, as the markets are very strong. The "Trust"
Steel Market output of steel has not increased in the New York is being firmly
price of 5.25c
The market continues very active and same proportion as munitions. Heavy held with a possibility of an advance.
prices are holding very firm with a de- tonnages of steel will be required for Lead is unchanged locally at 7c per
cided upward tendency. The demand for other purposes. Prices continue to ad- pound.
?teel, particularly for shells, is on the vance in many steel products: steel bars.
Antimony. The market is in a strong-
increase, and mills are getting behind however, are unchanged at 1.70c. Beams er positionthan it has been and feeling is
on deliveries, notwithstanding plant ex- are higher at 1.70c, Bessemer billets the full effects of the scarcity of- sup-
tensions which have been made to cope $28, open-hearth billets $29, and forging plies. Quotations locally are firm but
with the business. Steel bars are firm at billets $50 base, Pittsburob. Prices oP unchanged at 40c per pound.
2.75c and iron bars are unchanged at billets are nominal owing to the short-
Aluminum. There is no improvement
2.50c, but an advance is looked for in age in Bessemer and open-hearth steel. in the situation with regard to supplies,
the near future. Wire nails have ad- which are very difficult to obtain. Quo-
vanced again and are now quoted at Pig Iron tations are nominal at 65c per pound.
$2.75 base, per keg. Boiler plates and The market is very active and prices
lap welded boiler tubes are higher. A of domestic brands of pis' iron have Plating Chemicals and Supplies
new list for bolts and nuts has been is- again been advanced Hamilton and Vic-
; The situation with regard to certain
sued, the prices showinsr a slisht increase toria brands are $1.25 higher than last lines of plating chemicals does not im-
over the previous list. A new discount week and are now quoted at $23 ton. prove, and prices are very high. Some
of 25 per cent, for cold drawn steel Grey forge, Pittsbursh. has advanced chemicals are quite scarce, particularly
shafting is announced. Prices of proof and is quoted at $16.45. There is a potash, which is practically unobtain-
coil chain and electric weld chain have heavy demand for steel-making grades able. Sulphuric acid is also difficult to
been revised. The new discount on of iron, but foundry iron is less active. procure owing to the heavy demand on
; ; ^
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 25
<JTRIN .
Selling Agents :
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Buyers' Directory at the back.
26 CANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN
account of the war. There are no price The Algoma Nickel Mining Co. has ing out of shells to the other companies.
I'lianges to note, and in some cases quo- been incorporated at Toronto with a cap- The management went into the matter
tations are more or less nominal. ital of $10,000 to acquire and develop of shell output with the old shell com-
The plating of nose plugs for shells, mines and mineral lands. Head office mittee, but did not see its way clear to
refen-ed to in the last issue of Can- at Toronto. Incorporators: George Hugh take on the heavy capital outlay incident
adian Foundryman, is becoming more Baird and Henry Nicol Baird, of To- to taking on production as well. It
shell
general, and several plants have been in- ronto. is stated in circles that further
steel
stalled recently for this purpose. The foreign orders, particularly Russian, are
operation is passing from the experi- Montreal, P. Q. The Standard Steel
now available, if the Canadian mills can
mental stage, and being Co., which has recently been incorpor-
less costly than give any guarantee of being able to
brass plugs, nickel-plated cast iron ated, has taken over an existing foundry
a.11
make deliveries as required.
lugs will no doubt be adopted ex- on Atlantic avenue. The plant will be
clusively. Steel nose sockets are also
equipped and operated as a steel foun- Imported Shell Forgings. A duty of
being nickel-plated, making another de- dry. An extension to the plant is con- 321/4per cent, is imposed on shell forg-
velopment in the trade, which will be templated. ings entering Canada from the United
followed with interest, and will lielp to The Standard Steel
States. Up to the present it has been
has been in-
Co.,
stimulate business, which has been quiet deemed wise by the Canadian Govern-
corporated at Ottawa, with a capital of
of late. ment not to remove the tariff, as some
$200,000, to manufacture corrugated
twelve Canadian companies have been
steel pipes, culverts, etc., at Montreal,
turning out forgings at a rate sufficient
Que. Incorporators: Louis Athanse
to supply the needs of other manufactur-
Trade Gossip David, Louis D'Argy Mailhiot and H.
ers who merely finish shells. Since the
R. Bush, all of Montreal.
New Liskeard, Ont. The Wabi Iron recent further distribution of shell or-
Works have recently installed an elec- The Canadian Chadwick Metal Co. has ders by the Munitions Committee at Ot-
tric furnace. been incorporated at Toronto with a tawa it is, however considered advisable
capital of $40,000, to carry on the busi- in some quarters to have the duty re-
Vancouver, B.C. The molding shops ness of brass founders, iron founders, moved, on tlie ground that the output of
of the Vancouver Engineering Works, mechanical engineers, at Dundas, Ont. shells in Canada would be increased by
were damaged in a recent fire. Incorporators, Arthur Burgess Turner the importation of forgings from the
Welland, Ont. The Electric Steel & and George Alexander Young, of Hamil- United States. It is announced from Ot-
Metals Co. will install a 6-ton Heroult ton, Ont. tawa that the Munitions Committee has
fixed the price of steel for ammunition to
furnace for making steel castings. Welland, Ont. The Canada Forge Co. be made Canada.
in It must not exceed
Montreal, Que. The will build an extension to their plant.
Castings Co. of 31/2^ per pound.
Canada, which was recently incorpor- The new building will have a ground
ated, will build a foundry at Valleyfield, area of 180 x 80 feet, and will be of
near here. structural steel. The cost is estimated
at $20,000, and the equipment to be in- Catalogues
The Eclipse Iron Works, Ltd.,
couver, B.C., has been incorporated with
Van- stalled will cost $100,000.
will
The building
be used for four additional hydrau-
Sand Mixers. The Sand Mixing Ma-
chine Co., New York, have issued a book-
a capital stock of $20,000 to manufac- lic presses for making six-inch high-ex-
let containing reproductions of 30 ad-
ture iron, steel, machinery, etc. plosive shells. T. J. Dillon is manager.
vertisements from customers who have
St.Thomas, Ont.The local plant of
Vancouver, B.C. The recently organ- purcliased their auto sand cutter. In ad-
the Canada Iron Corporation has received ized Port Moody Steel Works, Ltd., are dition to the above, the machine is fully
an order for a large number of iron now busy clearing their site at Port described and illustrated.
plugs for shells. Moody and anticipate within a short Shop Furnaces made by the American
time starting construction work on their
The Morgan Engineering Co., Alliance, Shop Equipment Co., Chicago, 111., are
buildings, being far enough advanced
Ohio, liave sold a 60-ton double trolley the subject of a supplementary bulletin
early in the new year to start operations.
ladle crane to the Algoma Steel Cor- recently issued. The lines briefly de-
The company has a 100-acre site at Port
poration, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. scribed include portable and stationary
Moody and the council of that place
rivet forges, welding and forge furnaces,
The Northern Crane Works, of Walk- have guaranteed bonds to the extent of
annealing, tempering and hardening fur-
erville, Ont., report the sale of several $100,000.
naces, etc. The bulletin contains com-
electric traveling cranes to the Consoli-
Chippawa, Ont.^The Norton Co. will plete export shipping data for each pro-
dated Mining & Smelting Co., at Trail,
duct listed.
British Columibia.
erect a new electric furnace abrasive
plant for the manufacture of alundum
The Castings Co. of Canada, Ltd., has adjacent to their crystolon plant. The
been incorporated with a capital of $40,- plant will consist of an office building, a Book Review
000. Head office at Montreal and works building for housing the electric fur-
at Valleyfield, Que.
Forging of Iron and Steel, by William
Incorporators: H. naces, mixing and storage bins, etc., and Allyn Richards, B.S. in M.E., 219 pages
Cohen, A. Ellison and S. G. Metcalfe, a reinforced concrete storage building. 8 in. X 5 in., 337 illustrations. Published
of Montreal. Six electric furnaces will be installed at by the D. Van Nostrand Co., New York.
The Ideal Foundry & Hardware Co. once with a 15-ton overhead travelling Price $1.50 net. This is a new text book
has been incorporated at Toronto, with crane, motors and other electrical equip-
for the use of students in colleges, sec-
a capital of $50,000, to take over as a ment. ondary schools and the shop. The author
going concern the Imperial Foundry Co. The Dominion Steel Corporation is de- as stated in the preface, has endeavored
of Toronto. Provisional directors A. voting particular attention to the pro- to treat the forging of iron and steel
E. Fumiss, R. M. Yeomans and B. Mac- duction of shell steel, which is in such and the hardening and tempering of tool
Donald. active demand, and is leaving the turn- steel simply enough for the high school
(JANADIAN FOUNDRY MAN 27
boy, and at the same time tlioroughly four deals with fuel and fires. The next to make a forging. The appendix con-
and systematically enough for the vet- four chapters describe the different tains a course of exercises consisting of
eran smith. An endeavor has been made smith shop operations and tools. Chap- 42 examples which help to demonstrate
to bring out principles, and all methods ters nine, ten and eleven describe var- the principles of forge work and the ap-
used toward this end have been thor- ious methods of welding and brazing. plication of the methods described in the
oughly tried out during ten years of ex- The two succeeding chapters contain preceding pages. At the end of each
perience of teaching and supervising some interesting matter on carbon and chapter is a series of questions for re-
manual training. The book contains six- high-speed tool steel, describing methods view, a useful feature in helping to draw
teen chapters, including one devoted to of annealing, hardening and tempering the attention of the student to the main
a series of calculations, and the intro- steel for various purposes. Chapter contents in the chapter. This book is
duction. Chapter one is an historical fourteen treats on art ironwork, and written in a comprehensive style and
sketch, while chapter two deals with the chapter fifteen describes the operation will be a great help to the student or
characteristics of iron and steel and of steam and power hammers. The chap- smith, used in conjunction with the
methods of production treated simply. ter on calculations contains the informa- work in the forge. The book is printed
Equipment used in the forge is de- tion necessary to know in order to ob- in clear type, is fully illustrated and
scribed in chapter three and cliapter tain the exact size of stock to be used bound in substantial cloth covers.
WANTED
FOKE.MAN MOULDER REQUIRED WITH
experience in cupola management; one thai
can turn out first-class material and finish.
Apply, with references, experience, salary and
when could enter on duties, to Bruce Stewarl
& Co., Limited, Charlottetown, P.E.I.
(R.T.P.)
^/////////////////////////////////^^^^
// what you want is not advertised in this ivsue consult the Buyers' Director)/ at the back.
28 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
H In this, and every issue, you will find two or three pages known
as our "Buyers' Directory." You will find listed here the various
types of foundry supplies and equipment that you might be in
need of.
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
143-153 University Ave., TORONTO
CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN 29
WW/W/W/MW/WW/WW//W///W//W/W/WW//W/////W/W^^
>///////////////////////////y/y/y/7//////y//////////////////////////y//////////////^^^^
AJr Compre86or8. Buckets, Grab J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Cupola Blast GauKes.
Mfg. Co.. Cleveland, O. & Robeson Process Co., New York Ciiy.
Berkshire Pawling Hamischfeger Co., Mil-
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Webster & Sons, Ltd., .Montreal.
C!eTeland I'neumatlc Tool Co. of waukee, Wis. Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Canada, Toronto.
Buffing; and Polishing: Core .Machines, Hammer. Hamilton, Ont,
Canadian IngersoU-Rand Co., Ltd., H. 8. Carter & Co., Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, I'a.
Montreal. .Machinery. Whitin^: Foundry Equipment
Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chi- Co..
Can. Niagara Derice Co., Bridgeburg. W. W. Wells, Toronto. cago, 111, Harvey, III,
Curtis Pneumatic Machinery Co., St.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Louis, Mo. ButTini; and I'olishing Cupola Blocks.
Hamilton Facing MUl Co., Ltd.,
Independent Pneumatic Tool Co., Chi- Compositions. Hamilton, Ont H. Bailey & Son, Toronto,
cago, 111.
W. W. Wells, Toronto. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Core-making Machines. Hamilton Facing MUl Co., Ltd
Smart-Tumer Machine Co., Hamilton, Buffs. Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Hamilton, Ont.
Ont. W. W. Wells, Toronto. H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
A. R. WiUianu Machr. Co., Toronto. Mumford Molding Alachine Co., Chi- Stevens, F, B., Detroit, Mich.
Burners, Core Oven. cago, 111.
Alloys. Webster & Montreal.
Sons. Ltd., Oshnrn Mfg. Co.. Cleveland, O. Cupola Blowers.
Ajaj Metal Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. J. W, Paxson Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Can. Buffalo
Forge Co., Montreal.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit.
Osbora Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. Frederic B. Stevens. Detroit. Can Sirocco Ltd., Windsor. Ont.
Co.,
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, Fredeiic B. Stevn's. Utiroit. Webster & Sons, Ltd,, Montreal, Webster & Sons,
Ltd., Montreal.
Anodes, Brags, Copper, Nickel, Cars, Core Oven. Core Oils. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., HaItin;ora.
Zinc. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Cataract Refining Co., Buffalo, N.T. filieldons. Limited, Gait, Ont
H. S.
Talhnan Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Osbom Mfg. Co., Cleveland. O. H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto. Stevens. F. B.. Detroit, Mich.
ton, Ont. Whiting Foundry Kquipment Co., Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal. Cupola Tyinings.
W. W. Wells, Toronto. Harvey, 111, Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd..
H. S. Carter & Co.. Toronto.
Ammeters. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Hamilton. Ont.
WelMter & Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Chas. J. Menzemer, Niagara Falls. Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co.. Baltimore. Holland Core Oil Co., Chicago, III. Hamilton Facing MiU Co., Ltd.,
Babbitt Metal Cars. Sand Blasts. Core Ovens. Hamilton. Ont.
Ajax .Metal Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. Pangbom Corporation, Hagerstown, H. S. Carter ft Co., Toronto. J. W. Paxson Co., PhUadelphia, P.
Md. Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Stevens, F, B.. Detroit Mich.
Barrels, TambllD^. Hamilton
H. 8. Carter & Co.. Toronto. Castinf^s, Brass, Aluminum and Facing Mill Co., Ltd.. Cupola Twyers.
Bronze. Hamilton, Ont.
Webster & Sons, Ltd., Montreal, Monarch Eing. & Mfg. Co.. Baltimore. Webster & Sons, Ltd.. Montreal.
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil-
Oshoi-n MfK. Co., Cleveland. O.
J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.. Ham ton, Ont Oven Equipment & Mfg, Co,, New Stevens, F, B., Detroit Mich.
Uton, Ont Cast Iron. Haven, Conn. Cutting-off Machines.
Northern Crane Works, Ltd.. Walker Frankel Bros., Toronto. Sheldons, Limited, Gait, Oat.
ville. Ont, Frwleric B. Stevens, Detroit.
Webster & Sons. Ltd., Montreal.
Smart-Tumer Machine Co.. Hamilton Cnstinits, Aluminum and Brass. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Cyanide of Potassium.
Ont. Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamil- Harvey.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co. ton. Ont 111. W. W. Wells, Toronto,
Haney, HI. F. W. Qulnn, Hamilton, Ont Core Wash. Dippers, Graphite.
Jopiih Dixon Cracible Co., Jersey Jose?>h Dixon .Kiboy
Barrows, Foundry Castinss, Nickel. City, N.J.
Crr.cililc Co,,
Wheelbarrow Milwaukee W. W. Wells. Toronto, Cit.y, N,J.
Sterling Co., Webster& Sons, Ltd., Montreal.
Wis. Cars, Foundry. Drying Ovens for Cores.
Core Wax.
Boiler Graphite, H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. H. S. Carter & Co., Toronto. Osborn Mfg. Co.. Cleveland, O.
Webster Si Sons, Ltd., Montreal. Webster & Sons. Ltd.. Montreal. Webster ft Sons, Ltd.. .Montreal.
Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jei-sey
City. N..T.
Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore. United Compound Co., Buffalo, N.Y. Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.,
Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit. Haney.
Webster & Sons. Limited, Montreal.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Cranes
111.
can
Whyimport your anodes when you
get
delivery,
guaranteed quality, quicker
and can save duty and elimin-
Bronze Made Canada.
in Also
ern Products
a line of
ate the annoyance of clearing at the
customs by buying from us} Copper Foundry Equipment.
May we send you descriptive pamphlet NORTHERN CRANE WORKS
and full particulars?
Nickel LIMITED
W.W.WELLS, Toronto WALKERVILLE -
|:i.
^
^liil^^
^
|i Made
JOSEPH DIXON
in Jersey City, N.J..
CRUCIBLE COMPANY
by the
A-26
// what you want is not advertised in this issue consult the Bwycis Director!/ at the back.
32 CANADIAN FOUNDRYMAN
y MIiLL' iiJ 'Ai' tM iyj tyi|t^liy.' iU'ltLH >l^
!I l I | l l l I
)^Sl*=>--v
The Hawley-Schwartz Furnace
^Jw ^^^^^^^^^^
The Only Perfect Melter
'ujji^^^^^^^^^^^^^ All metal from 50 lbs. to 10,000 lbs.
V\
#iB^^^y IL 9 Is Absolutely Uniform
Write for catalog and complete information.
^^9S^ [.mf^fffm-
I ^
The Hawlev Down Draft Furnace Co.
Easton, Penn., U.S.A.
ADVERTISING INDEX
Bartley Crucible Co 23 Kawin Co., Charles C. PaxsoM Co., .1. W 27
Berkshire Mfg. Go 1 Inside Front Cover
Brown Specialty Machiuery Co. Eobesou Process Co 25
Lundy Shovel & Tool Co Roots, P. H. & F. M., Co 7
It's the
Oa
Way
the Osboru Xo. 62A the mold
to Better Profits
by hand, and air applied ior
is rainineil
the roll-over. Mold is dejjosited 011 a receiving car equipped with the Osboru
leveling device, and pattern drawn automatically and accurately by air. Th^
car is pulled clear of machine, mold removed
and the process repeated.
Meritorious