CNG TY TNHH U T THNG MI GIA ANH

THUYT MINH TNH TON

H THNG CHNG ST

GAC
Cong ty Chong Set Ha Noi
8/2015
 CNG TY TNHH U T THNG MI GIA ANH

THUYT MINH TNH TON

H THNG CHNG ST

Khu dch v cng cng, th-ng mi, nh tr kt hp

D N : KHU DCH V CNG CNG, THNG MI, NH TR, KT HP

CHUNG C CAO TNG HA BNH GREEN CITY
A IM: S 505 NG MINH KHAI, PHNG VNH TUY,
QUN HAI B TRNG, TP H NI

Cn b tham gia:

- Ch tr: 1. on Thanh Tr
2. V Minh Khnh
3. Nguyn Vn Cao

H NI, NM 2015
B - H THNG CHNG ST:
1. XC NH NHM CNG TRNH
Cng trnh xy dng thuc nhm III vi nhng l do sau y:
Chiu cao cng trnh >35mt.
D n Khu dch v cng cng, thng mi, nh tr kt hp chung c cao tng
Ha Bnh green city c thit k hin i vi trang thit b hin i do Cng ty TNHH
Ha Bnh lm ch u t.
2. C S LP THIT K
Cn c vo s liu thit k k thut cng trnh.
Cn c vo ti liu kho st a cht cng trnh.
Cn c vo cc tiu chun chng st hin hnh nh sau:
+ TCN 68-174/1998 tiu chun chng st ca Tng Cc Bu in.
+ 20 TCN 46-84 tiu chun chng st ca B Xy Dng.
+ NF C17-102/1995 tiu chun chng st an ton Quc gia Php(tham kho).
+ UNE 21186 tiu chun chng st an ton quc gia Ty Ban Nha (tham kho).
+ TCXDVN 9385:2012 tiu chun chng st cho cng trnh xy dng Vit Nam.
+ TCVN 5506-86 tiu chun ni t an ton in hin hnh ca Vit Nam.
+ Cc tiu chun chung v chng st lan truyn & chng st cm ng ca c
VDE 0675, P6, 11.89; VDE 0675, P6/A1, 03.96; DIN VDE 0675, P2, 08.75; .v.v...
3. LA CHN CNG NGH CHNG ST TRC TIP
Hin nay c nhiu phng php, thit b mi c hiu qu cao hn h thng c.
Qua phn tch nh gi n ny chn cc phng php dng thit b chng st
nh thng theo nguyn l pht x sm (E.S.E) ch to. Tnh ton thit k phm vi bo
v cn c vo tiu chun chng st NFC 17-102, 1995 Php, tiu chun TCN 68-
174/1998 tiu chun chng st ca Tng Cc Bu in.
Di y l bng phn tch v so snh ba phng php chng st trc tip
chn h thng chng st tin tin hin i cho cng trnh:
Phng php chng st c in kiu Franklin
Phng php in hnh hc
Phng php chng st hin i theo cng ngh pht x sm
3.1 Bn cht dng st
St l hin tng phng in c tia la in (chp) xy ra trong tng i lu
ca kh quyn km theo ting n chi tai v ting sm rn vang.
St xy ra do s tch in trong cc m my dng (Cucumlo-Nimbus). S d c
s tch in trong cc m my dng l do mt tri nung nng mt t, lm cho khng
kh m ti ch nng ln to ra dng khng kh nng m bc mnh ln cao vi tc
 120m/h. Hi nc trong khng kh nng m bay ln vi tc ln, c st vi
nhau v vi khng kh gy ra qu trnh tch in trong cc m my. in tch dng
+ nh c y ln trn nh m my; in tch m- nng hn nn lng xung
di chn m my. m my dng c chiu cao t 8-12 km, cc khi in tch dng
nm cao 6-10km, cc khi in tch m nm cao 2-5km, chn m my dng
cao trn di 1km. i khi c mt vng nh in tch dng nm y m my
dng. Chnh v vy m c ni, c lc xut hin st mang tnh cc dng; cn thng
thng st mang tnh cc m.
Do m my dng mang in tch nn cm ng xung mt t mt in tch
ngc du vi n, to ra gia my v t mt trng tnh in. Khi Gradian in th
gia chn my dng v mt t t n gi tr 3.106V/m th bt u hnh thnh s
nh xuyn khng kh xung t. Lc u mt dng electron t chn my phng
xung v pha mt t, to ra tia tin o ( tia dn ng) phng xung. Khi tia tin
o phng xung cng gn mt t, lc tnh in tng ln cng mnh s ht cc phn
t khng kh b in ho u cc mi nhn ti mt t, kch thch cc mi nhn ny
phng ra tia tin o i ln. Hai tia tin o xung v ln v tri du nn ht nhau. Khi
chng gp nhau, mt knh dn dng in c to thnh. Dng phng in chnh t
mt t phng ln m my c dng mt tia la in sng chi km theo ting n chi
tai tip theo l sm rn vang.
Cng dng xung st bin i t 2-250KA, thng thng 30kA tr xung.
Tc tng dng xung ca sng xung st di/dt cc k cao, n ln ti 1010
A/s. Do tc dng xung st tng cc k nhanh ny s sinh tc in p cn nhanh
hn du/dt=12kV/s, nn gy ra h hng cc thit b in t nhy cm v thit b in
thng thng nh: bin th, n p - UPS, ATS b h hng do khng phn ng kp.
Khong cch xut hin s phng in t u tia tin o phng xung n mt
t gi l Khong cch phng in D. D ph thuc vo cng dng in phng
theo cng thc thc nghim trong phng th nghim cao p l: D=6,7.I0.8
Tnh ra cc gi tr tng ng l:

I ( kA ) 3 10 30 100
D(m) 16 40 100 250
Tri qua hn hai th k, con ngi b xung v pht minh ra cc loi m hnh
chng st sau:
3.2 Cc m hnh chng st:
a. M hnh hnh hc:
- Ct thu st Franklin hay m hnh hnh hc c in c phm vi bo v l mt
hnh nn p, vi chiu cao l chiu cao t cc thu st gc bo v l 450 lp gia
chiu cao v ng sinh. Vi s liu thng k v kinh nghim tch lu c, cc nh
khoa hc th gii i n kt lun: Ct thu st Franklin ch chng c st nh trc
tip c hiu qu tt cho cc to nh, cng trnh c chiu cao t 15-20m.
- Bn knh bo v ph thuc vo hm s
f(Rs)=f(h) hay Rs=1,5(h-1,5hx) (m)
Cng thc tnh bn knh bo v Rx theo chiu cao vt bo v (hx)

1,6
R x =h x
h
1+ x
h
- Vng bo v ca kim thu st ny cn phi ch n nhng s liu thng k s
c v cng nh dng xung ca tng vng; n cn ph thuc ch yu vo qui nh
trong tiu chun chng st ca tng quc gia. Xem bng di y:

Quc gia Bnh thng Gc bo v Quan trng Gc bo v

M 2:1 - 1:1 450
Anh 1:1 450 (0,58:1) 300
Balan 1,5:1 - - -
Nam Phi 1:1 450 - -
0
c 1:1 45 (0,58:1) 300
Vit nam 1,5:1 - - 300
 V vy, s hn ch ca m hnh chng st B.Franklin l ch p dng an ton cho
nhng to nh c chiu cao t 15-20m.
Khi chiu cao ca bn thn to nh ln hn 20m, lc ny phi p dng M hnh
in hnh hc vi phng php qu cu ln.
b. M hnh in hnh hc
- i vi nhng to nh hay cng trnh xy dng c chiu cao ln hn 20m
ngi ta ng dng m hnh in hnh hc vi phng php qu cu ln. Ngi ta hnh
dung ra cc qu cu c ng knh 20-45-60mt ( tng ng vi cc mc bo v cao,
thp, khc nhau) c ln theo pha ngoi nhng bc tng v trn nh mi ca to
nh xc nh vng bo v, ng thi xc nh nhng v tr, chiu cao v s lng
nhng kim thu st v mng dy thu st nm ngang cn thit bo v to nh khi st
nh.(Hnh 3).
- Mt l do chnh ca vic s dng phng php qu cu ln l v i khi st
khng nh thng gc t trn xung m theo mt gc nghing no , nn n c th
nh vo bt k vng no khng c bo v nh l dc theo tng cao hoc mi to
nh c mi rng. V vy, phi t mng li dy dn thu st lm nhim v thu st bao
ph trn cc vng , thu v dn nng lng st trc tip xung t theo mt -
ng nh trc.
Cng thc tnh bn knh bo v ph thuc vo hm s:
Rbv= f(h,I) hay
Rbv h(2 D h)

Trong : D=6,72. I0.8 (ne) - Khong cch nh xuyn khng kh

 I- Cng nh dng xung st ti a phng xy dng
I tiu chun=13kA

Xem hnh di y:

- Tuy vy, m hnh in hnh hc vi phng php Qu cu ln cng ch c th

bo v tt cho nhng to nh cao n 45m. Khi chiu cao to nh ln hn 45 m ngi
ta p dng m hnh pht x sm.
c. M hnh pht x sm
- M hnh pht x sm l mt gii php tng th ton din hn, n c th bo v
chng st trc tip cho cc to nh cao c c chiu cao ln ti 300m. Vng bo v c
dng hnh chung, bn knh rt rng vi mt cc thu st t hn rt nhiu. Mc bo v
c th ln n 98% t l xc sut dng st nh.
- So vi m hnh ni trn ca cng thc tnh bn knh bo v ca m hnh pht
x sm ph thuc vo hm s:

R p h(2 D h) L(2 D L)
Trong :
Rp : Bn knh bo v mt phng ngang tnh t chn t kim thu st
h : Chiu cao kim thu st trn b mt c bo v
D : Chiu cao o tng thm khi ch ng pht xung theo tiu chun
cp bo v da vo tiu chun NFC 17-102/1995 Php. Nh sau:
- 20m dng cho cp I (Cng trnh: xng du, kho n, kh gas)
- 45m dng cho cp II (Cng trnh: Trin lm, khu di tch lch
s xp hng quc gia; VP chnh ph; To nh quc hi.)
-60m dng cho cp III (Cng trnh: Ta nh VP, CT dn dng, cng
nghip..)
T (s): thi gian pht tia tin o theo thc nghim
L : 106 . T
 d. Kt lun
- M hnh in t pht x sm tia tin o: l m hnh chng st hin i v tin
tin nht hin nay. N tin tin hn m hnh in hnh hc l v n ng dng loi kim
ch ng pht x sm. N c phm vi bo v hnh chung cao rng hn ch khng
phi hnh nn c ng sinh thng hay lm nh cc m hnh chng st c in.
- Cng v th, nn vi mt phm vi cn bo v, s cc thu st pht x sm s
cn t hn nhiu s cc thu st Franklin. Hn na, n m quan v lp t nhanh chng.
Trong tng cng trnh c th tng kinh ph cho vic lp t cc thu st pht x sm th-
ng t hn tng chi ph lp t cc thu st Franklin.

4. THIT B THU ST PHT X SM TIA TIN O PDC E60

 Sn phm INGESCO PDC E60 c ng dng cng ngh hin i nht trong thit
k, ch to v sn xut ca Hng INGESCO. Gii php thit k v k thut ca Hng
INGESCO c tnh ton s dng cng thc theo Tiu chun an ton Quc gia Php NFC
17-102/1995 v tiu chun chng st Ty Ba Nha UNE 21185-86 , H thng chng st PDC
E60 gm 3 b phn chnh:
Thit b thu st PDC E60
Cp ng dn st v thot st
H thng tip t chng st v an ton in
4.1 Thit b thu st PDC E60
4.1.1 Nguyn tc hot ng
- u thu st PDC E nhn nng lng cn thit trong kh quyn tch tr cc in
tch trong bu hnh tr. PDC E s thu nng lng t vng in trng xung quanh trong thi
gian ging bo khong t 10 ti 10.000 v/m. ng dn ch ng bt u ngay khi in
trng xung quanh vt qu gi tr cc i bo m nguy c st nh l nh nht.
- Pht ra tn hiu in cao th vi mt bin , tn s nht nh to ra ng dn st
ch ng v pha trn ng thi trong khi lm gim in tch xung quanh u thu st tc
l cho php gim thi gian yu cu pht ra ng dn st ch ng v pha trn lin tc.
- iu khin s gii phng ion ng thi im: thit b ion ho cho php ion pht ra
trong khong thi gian rt ngn v ti thi im thch hp c bit, ch vi phn ca giy
trc khi c phng in st, do m bo dn st kp thi, chnh xc v an ton.
- PDC E l thit b ch ng khng s dng ngun in no, khng gy ra bt k
ting ng, ch tc ng trong vng vi s trc khi c dng st thc s nh xung v c
hiu qu trong thi gian lu di.
4.1.2 So snh vi cc h thng chng st c in, phng php ny c cc u im sau:
Stt c tnh H thng u thu st cng ngh tin tin PDC E series
1 Thit k PDC E series th h IV nm 2010 c sn xut, kim tra v test th
nghim ti Hng Cirprotec tng sn phm trn dy truyn cng ngh
hin i vi thit k c bit gim thiu cng st nh, thi
gian thc pht tia tin o khi c st v m bo an ton cho cng trnh
trong phm vi bn knh bo v ca thit b.
2 Cng ngh S dng cng ngh hin i thit b in t c bn trong kim thu st
Ch to thu ht v bt gi t xa tia st phng xung t m my dng.
-Thng ch cn 1 n 3 thit b thu st PDC E cho mi cng trnh.
3 Cu to v Thch hp vi mi cng trnh c bit l: TTTM-VP giao dch,
lp t Chung c, Khch sn, Khu Resort, Kho bc, Ngn hng, Khu th,
Khu cng nghip-Ch xut, Kho xng du, Du Kh, Trng i
hc.v.v...
-To cho kin trc cng trnh c thm m.
 -D dng lp t trong thi gian ngn, khng gy thm dt
mi sau ny khi a cng trnh vo s dng.
-Rt d bo tr.

4 an an ton cao do vng bo v rng ln (c bn knh bo v thp nht

ton l 54m v cao nht l 113m). Bo v cho cc vng ln cn. Chng st
nh tt, nh xuyn.
-Chng c st nh trc tip c hiu qu tt cho cc to nh cao c,
5 i tng kho bc, ngn hng, trm vin thng, khch sn, i pht sng, kho
bo v xng du, kh t, khu cng nghip, khu ch xut .v.v.
-Nhng ni c trang b cc thit b in, in t my mc hin i
c gi tr ln, trung tm cng ngh thng tin, cc kho cha tin...

4.1.3 Vng bo v
Bn knh bo v Rp ca u thu st c tnh theo tiu chun an ton quc gia php
NFC17-102 nm 1995 & tiu chun chng st Ty Ba Nha UNE 21186-96.
4.1.4 Kt cu thu st PDC E
- Bu kim PDC E60 c ng knh 83mm, chiu cao 410mm cha thit b pht tia
tin o to ng dn st ch ng.
- t 01 b thit b thu st PDC E60 c chiu di tiu chun 410cm l mt khi bng
thp khng g siu bn. Kt cu PDC E60 ny c lin kt vi b ghp ni bng Inox &
chn tr do vy chu mi hon cnh thi tit khc nghit v c t trn mi cng trnh
c bn knh bo v cp III Rbv=102m. Thit b thu st c t ti v tr cao nht ca cng
trnh v bn knh bo v c tnh theo cng thc sau y:
R p = h(2D-h)+L(2D+L)
Trong :
Rp : Bn knh bo v mt phng ngang tnh t chn t kim thu st
h : Chiu cao u thu st trn b mt c bo v
D : Chiu cao o tng thm khi ch ng pht xung theo tiu chun cp
bo v da vo tiu chun NFC 17-102/1995.

H=5m
Thay vo cng thc trn vi: D=60m
L= 106
T=60s=60. 106s
PDC E 60:

=102m
4.1.5 B m st CDR-UNIVERSAL
m s ln st nh v nh gi hiu qu hot ng ca kim thu st. B m st -
c lp bn trong hp kim tra theo di s hot ng ca h thng chng st m khng
cn pin hoc ngun in no cung cp. Thit b ny s c kch hot khi c dng xung st
t 250A.