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STUDIESOFSTEELSTRUCTURES
ProfessorDrChiewSingPing
ProgrammeDirectorofCivilEngineering
SINGAPOREINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY
29March2017
LESSON 1
WEB BEARING & BUCKLING
1
The Straits Times, 3 August 2004
21 April 2004
2
CONCLUSIONS OF THE COMMITTEE OF INQUIRY
(COI, MAY 2005)
3
The Steel Strutting System
4
waler
Strut-waler
connection
strut
Strut-Waler Connection
Stiffener
5
Web Bearing & Stiff Bearing Length
Web crushes
6
Stiff Bearing Length
Introduction
Web bearing depends on the effective area at the
flange/web junction of the web which is resisting the load
b1
flange/web
junction
7
Stiff Bearing Length
Waler
Waler Properties
Strut
UC 356x406x287 kg/m
Grade 355 N/mm2
Strut Properties
Strut Force = 3000 kN
UC 305x305x240 kg/m
b1 = 317.9 mm
4494
(Width of 305x305x240 kg/m)
b1 = t + 1.6s + 2tp
b1 = 79.0 mm 2631
(Based on Figure 13)
8
Web Buckling & Effective Length
Restrained flange
9
Web Buckling & Effective Length
Restrained flange
Swaying &
rotation of the
flange is
prevented by the
supported beam
RC Wall
Unrestrained flange
Waler Strut
10
Web Buckling & Effective Length
RC Wall
Unrestrained flange
Waler
Strut
Flange free to
sway sideways
RC Wall
Unrestrained flange
Waler Strut
11
Web Buckling & Effective Length
RC Wall
Unrestrained flange
Waler
Strut
Flange rotation
relative to the
web
Failure Modes
12
Channel vs. Plate Stiffeners
13
Three(3) Rules for Good Practice in Structural
Engineering
Rule No.1
Ductility can be forgiving of ones mistake
Rule No.2
Connection detailing is everything
Rule No.3
Redundancies are our best defense against
unexpected failure
LESSON 2
EFFECTIVE BUCKLING LENGTH
14
Cantilever Roof Truss
15
Effective Length of
Compressive Bottom Chords
Purlins placed along the top Effective
chord provide out-of-plane length is the
lateral restraints to the top purlin spacing
chord under compression
Cross
bracings to
provide
restraints to
the purlins
16
Effective Length
Cladding / Faade Lateral
Effective Length ? restraint
Wind Pressure
Wind Pressure
(Negative)
(Positive)
Suction
17
Pipe Strut vs. Laced Strut
LESSON 3
SHEAR BUCKLING
18
Shear Buckling of Thin Web
19
Shear Buckling of Thin Web
0.6x275 = 165
160 q b (1990) TFA
60 61
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Web depth-to-thickness ratio, d/t
20
LESSON 4
HOLLOW SECTION JOINTS
21
Potential Failure Modes for Welded Hollow Section Joints
22
Some Golden Rules to Avoid Tubular Joint Problems
23
Some Golden Rules to Avoid Tubular Joint Problems
24
Gapped vs. Overlapped Truss Joints
Design tips to optimize welded HSS joint design
Select relatively stocky chord
Select relatively thin branch
Consider virtues of gapped K-connections
Gapped Overlapped
Source:TheStraitsTimes(2April2014)
50
25