Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language ,

Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJIF 2016 = 4.44, www.srjis.com

UGC Approved Sr. No.48612, AUG-SEPT 2017, VOL- 4/23
https://doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v4i23.9644

vkfFkZd lao`f) vkSj jkst+xkj ds lUnHkZ esa fu;kstu dh Hkwfedk dk

foS

vuwi dqekj flag1, Ph. D. & foosd foSodekZ2

1
lgk;d izk/;kid vfl0izks0] O;kogkfjd vFkZkkL= foHkkx] okf.kT; ladk;] y[ku
foofo|ky;] y[kuA
2
kks/kkFkhZ] O;kogkfjd vFkZkkL= foHkkx] okf.kT; ladk;] y[ku foofo|ky;] y[kuA

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

izR;sd dky [k.M es]a vFkZkkL= vFkok jkV dh ewyHkwr pqukSrh viuh tula[;k
dh vko;drk dh izR;sd oLrq, vkSj lsok, leqfpr ifjek.k esa miyC/k djkdj muds
thou Lrj esa mRrjksRrj o`f) djuk gSA bl mn~ns; dh izkfIr gsrq izR;sd nsk dks
/kkfeZd] lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fLFkfr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij egoiw.kZ vkfFkZd fu.kZ; ysus gksrs
gSaA bUgha vkfFkZd fu.kZ;ksa ls ,d vkfFkZd Lo:i dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS] ftls ^vFkZO;oLFkk
dk laxBu* ;k ^vFkZO;oLFkk* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA oSfod Lrj ij vkfFkZd
lao`f) ,oa fodkl gsrq iwthoknh] lektoknh vkSj fefJr vkfFkZd iz.kkfy;ksa dks
vFkZO;oLFkk Lo:i viuk;k x;kA nsk ds ukxfjdksa ds thou Lrj esa mRrjksRrj o`f) ,oa
lq/kkj ds mn~ns; dks n`fVxr j[krs gq, Hkkjr us] izFke vkS|ksfxd uhfr izLrko&1948]
vkfFkZd fu;kstu viukrs gq, fefJr vkfFkZd iz.kkyh dks viuk;k vkSj iapokhZ; ;kstuk
ds vk/kkj ij lao`f)] vk/kqfudhdj.k] vkRefuHkZjrk vkSj lekurk ds y{;ksa dh iz kfIr dks
lqfufpr fd;k FkkA fu;kstdksa us mijksDr y{;ksa dh izkfIr gsrq ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa
rhoz o`f) izkfIr dks ,d egoiw.kZ dkjd ekukA fu;kstudkkZvksa dk ekuuk gS fd
mPpre th0Mh0ih0 lao`f) nj dh izkfIr ls u, jkst+xkjksa dk l`tu dj csjkst+xkjh]
fu/kZurk] vkfFkZd vlekurk tSlh lkekftd&vkfFkZd leL;kvksa dk lek/kku fd;k tk
ldrk gSA oLrqr% fu;kstu vof/k esa izkIr ifj.kkeksa ls LiV gksrk gS fd lao`f) nj vkSj
jkst+xkj Lrj esa u rks dksbZ lh/kk lEcU/k gS] u gh fu;kstu izf;k us jkst+xkj Lrj dks
c<+kus esa dksbZ lkFkZd Hkwfedk fuHkk;hA
Copyright 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
 Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma
(Pg. 6005-6014) 6006

Hkkjr esa okZ 1970 ls iwoZ csjkst+xkjh dks xEHkhj lkekftd leL;k u ekuus ds
dkj.k jkst+xkj vkSj csjkst+xkjh lEcU/kh leadksa dk vkdyu gsrq dksbZ O;kid ,oa laxfBr
ljdkjh losZ{k.k ugha fd;k x;kA jkst+xkj vkSj csjkst+xkjh lEcU/kh O;kid vkadM+ksa dh
miyC/krk okZ 1972&73 ls izkIr gksrh gSA okZ 1972&73 ,u0,l0,l0vks0 dk 27ok nkSj
dk okZ Fkk] tks eq[;r% jkst+xkj vksj csjkstxkjh ds izFke losZ{k.k ls lEcfU/kr FkkA bl
lUnHkZ gsrq vc rd ukS iap okfkZd losZ{k.k fd, x, gSaA bldk 68ok nkSj tqykbZ 2011
ls twu 2012 jkst+xkj vkSj csjkst+xkjh ls lEcfU/kr 9ok losZ{k.k gSA
lkj.kh 1 jkst+xkj] jkst+xkj yksp vkSj ldy ?kjsyw mRikn lao`f) nj
lh0,0th0vkj0 vfHkxe vk/kkfjr
,u0,l0,l0vks0 nkSj jkst+xkj lao`f) th0Mh0ih0 jkst+xkj
losZ{k.k vof/k nj1 lao`f) nj yksp
1972&73 ls 1977&78 2-6 4-6 0-57
1977&78 ls 1983 2-1 3-9 0-54
1983 ls 1987&88 1-7 4-2 0-42
1987&88 ls 1993&94 2-4 5-6 0-43
1993&94 ls 1999&2000 1-0 6-8 0-15
1999&2000 ls 2004&05 2-8 5-7 0-50
2004&05 ls 2009&10 0-1 8-7 0-01
2009&10 ls 2011&12 1-4 7-8 0-18
lzksr& 1- vkfFkZd leh{kk 2015&16 dh lkj.kh 1-3d vkSj [k] 1-4d vkSj [k] 1-
5d] 1-8 vkSj 1-9 i`B la0 23 ls 29 vkSj 23 ls 38A
2- ,l 01 uskuy ,dkWmUV~l LVsfVfLVDl 2012 vkSj ,l 01 uskuy ,dkWmUV~l
LVsfVfLVDl 2014] dsUnzh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy;A
3- lkj.kh la[;k 4] feJk] laxhrk ,.M lqjsk ^^,fLVesfVax ,EIykW;easV bykfLVflVh vkWQ
xzkFs k Qkj nh baf.M;u bdksueh] twu 2014A

fVIi.kh1& jkst+xkj lao`f) nj jkVh; izfrnkZ losZ{k.k dk;kZy; n~okjk jkst+xkj ,oe~ csjkst+xkjh lac/a kh
fd;s x;s vc rd fofHkUu ukS iap okfkZd losZ{k.kksa ds vkdkM+kas ij vk/kkfjr gSA

Copyright 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

 Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma
(Pg. 6005-6014) 6007

vkjs[k la[;k 01
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3 G.D.P. Growth
2
1 Rate
0
Employment
Growth Rate

lkaf[;dh; mi&ifjdYiuk ijh{kk

jkst+xkj vkSj th0Mh0ih0 lao`f) nj ds e/; lEcU/k dks] mi&ifjdYiuk dh
lkFkZdrk dk ijh{k.k dj] lglEcU/k&lkaf[;dh;&ijh{kk ds vk/kkj ij LiV fd;k
x;k&
Ho % fujkdj.kh; mi&ifjdYiuk jkst+xkj vkSj ldy ?kjsyw mRikn lao`f) njksa ds e/;
dksbZ lkFkZd lEcU/k u gksukA
H1 % oSdfYid mi&ifjdYiuk jkst+xkj vkSj ldy ?kjsyw mRikn lao`f) njksa ds e/;
,d lkFkZd lEcU/k gksukA
mi&ifjdYiuk ijh{kk
lglEcU/k
lglEcU/k jkst+xkj lao`f) th0Mh0ih0 lao`f)
dkyZ fi;jlu
1 &0-721
lglEcU/k
jkst+xkj lao`f) lkFkZdrk f}&iqPN
0-043
Sig.(2-tailed)
izfrn'kZ la[;k (N) 8 1
dkyZ fi;jlu
&0-721 1
lglEcU/k
th0Mh0ih0 lao`f) lkFkZdrk f}&iqPN
0-043
Sig.(2-tailed)
izfrn'kZ la[;k (N) 8 8
fudkZ& ifjdfyr f}&iqPN dk eku 0-043 gS tks lkFkZdrk Lrj 0-05 ds eku ls de
gSA vr% fujkdj.kh; mi&ifjdYiuk Ho vLohdk;Z ;ksX; gSA LiV gS fd jkst+xkj vkSj
Copyright 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
 Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma
(Pg. 6005-6014) 6008

th0Mh0ih0 lao`f) nj ds e/; n`fVxr lkFkZd _.kkRed lglEcU/k ds QyLo:i

oSdfYid mi&ifjdYiuk H1 Lohdk;Z ;ksX; gSA
vkjs[k vkSj lglEcU/k&lkaf[;dh;&ijh{kk ls ifjdfyr fudkZ ls Kkr gksrk gS
fd jkst+xkj lao`f) vkSj th0Mh0ih0 lao`f) nj esa c<+rk gqvk vUrjky jkst+xkjghu
lao`f) dk lwpd gSA blls LiV gS fd c<+rh gqbZ vkfFkZd lao`f) ds lkFk&lkFk jkst+xkj
Lrj esa deh gksrh jgh gSA bl lUnHkZ esa xk/kh th dk ekuuk Fkk fd ^^ykHk dh Hkkouk
ls izsfjr vR;f/kd c<+rk gqvk mRiknu yk[kksa yksxksa ds thou Lrj dks pk
mBk ugha ldrk] tSlk fd iwthoknh iz.kkyh ds vUrxZr futh mn~;e vf/kdre
ykHk dh Hkkouk ls mRiknu djrs gSa] u fd yksxksa ds thou Lrj dks pk
mBkus ds mn~nsS; dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mRiknu ifjek.k dks c<+kus ds fy,
mRiknu djrs gSaA**
fodkl vFkZO;oLFkk dk eq[; mn~ns; vkfFkZd Bgjko dks lekIr djuk ,oe~
vkfFkZd lao`f) dh xfr esa rhozrk ykuk gSA bu mn~ns;ksa dh izkfIr esa iwthoknh vkfFkZd
iz.kkyh viotZd dk dk;Z djrh gSA
izks0 cjkWu us ;g vuqHko fd;k gS fd ^^lkekftd ?kVuk ds :i esa vifjes;rk
vlaxfr o rdZghurk ij rc rd fu;a=.k ugha fd;k vFkok ik;k tk ldrk gS] tc
rd bldk vk/kkj iwthoknh O;oLFkk esa mRiknd&ekhusa cM+s gh vfufpr vkSj vlaxr
<ax ls dk;Z djrh gSa] tks vdYiuh; gSA lg;ksx dh deh] O;kikj p dh laf;k esa
mPpkopu] vkfFkZd vlekurk] lkekftd ijthfork] vkfFkZd vlqj{kk] vifkV
izfr}fU}rk] vkSn~;ksfxd vkkfUr bR;kfn leL;k, lkekftd yxrh gSA tcfd iwthokn
dh ;s dqN vokaNuh; vfHkO;fDr;k gSaA oS;fDrd mn~;eksa dh izfrjks/kh lkekftd
xfrfof/k;ksa ds fok; esa ftruk dgk tk;s mruk de gSA blfy, fodklkhy nskksa esa
;fn rhoz vkfFkZd fodkl dks izkIr djuk gS] rks lkoZtfud {ks= gh mi;qDr gSA
mijksDr dkj.k iwthokn vkSj dher ra= vFkkZr ekx vkSj laifw rZ ij vk/kkfjr
dher fu/kkZj.k iz.kkyh dh lekfIr vkfFkZd fu;kstu dks vko;d cukrh gSA vkfFkZd
fu;kstu dks viukus lEcU/kh fopkjksa esa rkfdZd vUrj gks ldrs gSaA ;fn ,d ubZ
vFkZO;oLFkk vkfFkZd fu;kstu dks viukrh gS] rks ,slh vFkZO;oLFkk dk Hkfo; vKkr
Copyright 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
 Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma
(Pg. 6005-6014) 6009

ek=kRed o ifjek.kkRed izk:i ekWMy ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gSA blds foijhr

fodklkhy ,oe~ fiNM+h vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh fLFkfr vyx gksrh gSA ;s vFkZO;oLFkk,
fu;kstu iz.kkyh dks kq: dj pqdh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds lao`f) iFk dk dsoy vuqlj.k dj
jgh gksrh gSaA bu nskksa esa fu;kstudkkZvksa n~okjk xyrh djus dh lEHkkouk de gksrh gS
D;ksfa d muds ikl fu;ksftr vFkZO;LFkkvksa ds vkfFkZd izk:i ekWMy ekStwn gksrs gSa] vkSj
ftUgsa os ykHk ds lkFk viuk ldrs gSaA rhoz vkfFkZd lao`f) ds eq[; y{; dh izkfIr esa
,d fu;ksftr vFkZO;oLFkk vfu;ksftr vFkZO;oLFkk ls geskk JsB gksrh gSA
fu;kstu lfefr vFkZO;oLFkk ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa ds fy, Bksl y{;ksa dks fufpr
djds ,d fufpr le;kof/k esa mudh izkfIr gsrq izHkkoh f;kUo;u djrh gS vkSj
fu;kstu ds vPNs o csgrj ifj.kke ,oe~ miyfC/k;ksa dh izkfIr gsrq le;kof/k ds
lkFk&lkFk fofHkUu y{;ksa dks izxfrkhy vk/kkj fu/kkZfjr djrh gSA ,d fu/kkZfjr y{;
dh izkfIr ds i'pkr~ gh mRrjksRrj izkFkfedrk ds vk/kkj ij fu/kkZfjr y{;ksa dks viukdj
fu;kstu ds eq[; mn~ns; dh izkfIr lEHko gSA vr% ,slk rHkh lEHko gS tc fu;kstu
iw.kZ fu;ksftr gks vFkkZr~ vFkZO;oLFkk ds fodkl gsrq cykriwoZd fu;kstu dk vaxhdj.k u
fd;k x;k gksA Hkkjrh; lUnHkZ esa Hkh Lora=rk i'pkr~ xfrghu vFkZO;oLFkk dks rhoz
lao`f)&xfr iznku djus gsrq fu;kstu dks viuk;k x;kA blls lao`f) nj esa o`f) rks
gqbZ ysfdu fo:)rk csjkst+xkjh esa Hkh yxkrkj o`f) gksrh xbZA
Hkkjr esa jkst+xkj vkSj csjkstxkjh dh izo`fRr
lkj.kh la[;k 02 ;w0ih0,l0,l0
ladsrd
1973 1983 1994 2005 2012
jkst+xkj fefy;u esa 236-3 299-5 376-9 461-1 474-8
csjkst+xkj fefy;u esa 3-9 5-8 7-4 11 11-1
csjkst+xkj nj izfrkr esa 1-6 1-9 1-9 2-3 2-2
jkst+xkj yksp izfrkr esa & 0-52 0-47 0-30 0-05
lzksr& 1- ,u0,l0,l0vks0 fjiksVZ la[;k 484A
2- ,u0,l0,l0vks0 fjiksVZ la[;k 554A
3- lkj.kh la[;k 02] vxzoky] vkjk/kuk 2014 % U;w bulkbV~l buVw n
fjyskufki fcV~ohu ,EIykW;esVa ,.M bduksfed xzksFk bu bf.M;kA
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 Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma
(Pg. 6005-6014) 6010

mijksDr lkj.kh dk foysk.k djus ls izkIr jkst+xkj ,oa csjkst+xkjh lEcfU/kr

fudkksZa ds vk/kkj ij fu;kstu dh Hkwfedk dh ;FkkFkZrk Kkr gksrh gSA bldk vkSj
vf/kd vkfFkZd foysk.k v/kksfyf[kr :i esa dj ldrs gSa&
1- Hkkjr esa csjkst+xkjh ds vkdyu dh lkekU; vofLFkfr UPSS ds vk/kkj ij izkIr
fudkZ nkkZrs gSa fd yxkrkj [kqyh csjkstxkjh dh nj esa o`f) gqbZA okZ 1973 esa
csjkst+xkjh nj 1-6 izfrkr Fkh tks okZ 2012 esa c<+dj 2-2 izfrkr gks xbZA
blds vfrfjDr jkst+xkj&yksp esa fxjkoV vk;h tks mijksDr okksZa esa ek% 0-52
izfrkr ls de gksdj 0-05 izfrkr gks xbZA bldk vkk; gS fd vkfFkZd lao`f)
gsrq egoiw.kZ ekuk tkus okyk fu/kkZjd ?kVd ldy ?kjsyw mRikn }kjk jkstxkj
Lrj esa o`f) ugha gqbZ tcfd jkst+xkj yksp dks izfr bdkbZ mRiknu o`f) dh
vuqf;k ds QyLo:i jkst+xkj esa gksus okyh o`f) ds vuqikr ds :i esa
ifjHkkfkr djrs gSaA
2- Hkkjr esa Je ckt+kj] fuEu [kqyh csjkst+xkjh ds lkFk&lkFk fuEu vk; vFkok
fuEu&e/;e&vk; ckt+kj dk izfr:i gSA vf/kdre tula[;k fuEu vk; ls
lacfa /kr gksus ds dkj.k vf/kd le; rd csjkst+xkj ugha jg ldrh vkSj mUgsa isV
dh vkx cq>kus ds fy, fdlh u fdlh dk;Z esa layXu gksuk iM+rk gSA bl dkj.k
Je kfDr dk ,d cM+k Hkkx fk o vU; Lojkst+xkj esa dk;Zkhy gks tkrk gS]
tks Hkkjr esa LFkk;h o nh?kZdkyhu izPNUu csjkst+xkjh ds ph; voLFkk dks cuk;s
j[krk gSA fk o mlls lacfa /kr {ks=ksa esa 25 ls 30 izfrkr yksx izPNUu
csjkst+xkj gSaA dk;Zcy Lojkst+xkj esa 30 izfrkr ls vf/kd dk;Zcy vkdfLed
etnwjh vkSj 16 izfrkr ds yxHkx fu;fer osru o etnwjh lEcfU/kr jkst+xkj esa
layXu gSaA jkst+xkj ds mijksDr oxkZuqlkj Jfedksa ds forj.k dh fLFkfr ds
vfrfjDr dk;Zkhy tula[;k dk O;kolkf;d <kps ds vuqlkj forj.k vkSj
fu/kZurk dh fLFkfr Hkh vR;Ur fpUrktud gSA Hkkjr esa 60 izfrkr ls vf/kd
dk;Zkhy tula[;k fk o mlls lEcfU/kr {ks= esa layXu gksdj th0Mh0ih0 esa
dsoy 14 ls 15 izfrkr dk ;ksxnku nsrh gSA fu/kZurk dh n`fVdks.k ls ns[kk
tk;s rks okZ 1973 esa 320 fefy;u ls vf/kd O;fDr fu/kZurk dh js[kk ls uhps
Copyright 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
 Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma
(Pg. 6005-6014) 6011

FksA okZ 2011&12 esa ;g la[;k de gksdj 270 fefy;u jg xbZA ysfdu bl
lUnHkZ esa nks egoiw.kZ rF; n`fVxr gksrs gSa& igyk] 44 okksZa eas dsoy 50
fefy;u O;fDr fu/kZurk js[kk ls ij vk lds vkSj nwljk] okZ 1973&74 esa 80
izfrkr ls vf/kd fu/kZu xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa cls Fks] ;g fLFkfr 2011&12 esa Hkh ugha
cnyhA
3- jkst+xkj ds lEcU/k esa fu;kstu izf;k iw.kZr;k fu;ksftr ugha jgh vkSj bldk
vkafkd ldkjkRed izHkko 1970 ds nkd rd gh n`fVxkspj gksrk gSA bl nkd
esa csjkst+xkjh dh nj 1-6 izfrkr Fkh D;ksfa d bl le; fu/kZurk vkSj vkfFkZd
vlekurk dks de djus gsrq uhfr;ksa dk lekosku fu;kstu izf;k esa fd;k x;k
FkkA
f}rh; foo ;q) ds mijkUr] ftu iwohZ nskksa nf{k.k dksfj;k] gkaxdkax]
rkboku] eysfk;k n~okjk fefJr vkfFkZd iz.kkyh viuk;h x;h FkhA mUgksua s 1960
ds nkd ds e/; esa fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk dks iwthokn dh rjQ T;knk >qdk;kA
ifj.kkeLo:i bu vFkZO;oLFkkvksa n~okjk mPp o`f) vkSj fodkl izkIr dj yh
x;hA budh vkfFkZd lQyrk foo ds fy, fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk dk ,d lQy
izk:i miyC/k djk jgk FkkA bl oSfod vkfFkZd ?kVuk dk izHkko Hkkjrh;
vFkZO;oLFkk ij Hkh iM+kA blds dkj.k Hkkjr esa f}rh; iapokhZ; ;kstuk esa fk
dks izkFkfedrk u nsrs gq, vkSn~;ksfxd fodkl dks izkFkfedrk nh xbZ vkSj 1980
dk nkd vkrs&vkrs dY;k.kdkjh jkT; lao`f) ekWMy dk LFkku cktkj vk/kkfjr
;kstuk, ysus yxhA vr% 1980 ds nkd esa csjkst+xkjh dh nj 1-6 izfrkr ls
vf/kd gksdj 1-9 izfrkr gks xbZA
4- chloha lnh dk vkBoka nkd 1980s foo dh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa
Economic reforms dh kq:vkr dk dky jgkA
vFkZO;oLFkk esa ljdkj dh Hkwfedksa dks ?kVkus dh lykg nh FkhA bl
lgefr dk izHkko Hkkjr ds vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa ij fn[kk;h nsrk gS] fokskdj
vkSn~;ksfxd uhfr 1984 vkSj 1985 ij ysfdu bl nkSj esa bls [kqydj ugha
viuk;k x;kA ;kstuk vk;ksx n~okjk ,slh uhfr ifjorZu dh lykg 1985 esa nh
Copyright 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
 Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma
(Pg. 6005-6014) 6012

tk pqdh FkhA Hkkjr n~okjk ftl vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa dh izf;k dh kq:vkr 1991 esa
dh xbZA og ,d rjg ls okfkaxVu lgefr dk Hkkjr esa foyEc ls igqpuk dgk
tk ldrk gSA blds vUrxZr mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k vkSj oSohdj.k LPG dh
vkfFkZd lq/kkj dh izf;kvksa dk izkjEHk gksuk okZ 1990&91 ds vkfFkZd ladV ds
dkj.k LoSfPNd u gksdj ck/;dkjh FkkA blds ,y0ih0th0 izFke pj.k okZ
1993&94 ls 2004&05 esa csjkstxkjh dh nj esa o`f) 1-9 izfrkr ls 2-3 izfrkr
gksus ls csjkstxkj O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k 7-4 fefy;u ls c<+dj 11 fefy;u gks
xbZA okZ 2005 ls 2009 ds e/; csjkstxkjh dh nj esa U;wure deh 0-3 izfrkr
dh gqbZ] tcfd okZ 2011&12 esa iqu% c<+dj 2-2 izfrkr gks xbZA Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd
bfrgkl esa LiVr;k okZ 2005 ls 2012 ds e/; mPp lao`f) nj dk pj.k jgkA
bl pj.k esa jkst+xkj esa gksus okyh U;wure o`f) th0Mh0ih0 esa o`f) ds dkj.k
ugha cfYd csjkst+xkjh esa gksus okyh U;wure deh ds QyLo:i gqbZA
5- Hkkjr esa jkst+xkj esa o`f) dh izo`fRr fujkkktud jghA 1970 ds nkd esa jkst+xkj
dh fefJr okfkZd lao`f) nj 2 izfrkr ls vf/kd FkhA okZ 1973 ls 1978 ds
e/; jkst+xkj dh lh0,0th0vkj0 2-7 izfrkr vkSj okZ 1978 ls 1983 ds e/; 2-
1 izfrkr jghA okZ 1983 ls 1988 ds e/; jkst+xkj o`f) nj ?kVdj 1-8 izfrkr
gks xbZA blds i'pkr~ vxys ikp okksZa esa jkst+xkj o`f) nj 2-3 izfrkr jghA okZ
1991 esa kq: gq, vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ds ifj.kkeLo:i iqu% jkst+xkj ds Lrj esa deh
vk;h] ysfdu okZ 2000 ls 2005 dh vof/k esa dsoy 60 fefy;u vfrfjDr
jkst+xkj l`tu ls jkst+xkj Lrj esa FkksM+k lq/kkj gqvkA
vr% okZ 1993&94 ls 2004&05 ds e/; jkst+xkj dh fefJr okfkZd lao`f)
nj 1-8 izfrkr ds yxHkx gh cuh jghA dsoy 84-2 fefy;u vfrfjDr jkst+xkj
l`ftr gks ik;kA jkst+xkj lao`f) laca/kh egoiw.kZ fpUrktud rF; okZ 2004&05
ls 2009&10 ds e/; ifjyf{kr gq, tc th0Mh0ih0 lao`f) nj mPpre vkSj
jkst+xkj lao`f) nj ?kVdj 0-2 izfrkr gks x;hA bl le;kof/k esa dsoy 5-7
fefy;u u;s jkst+xkj gh l`ftr gq,A vxys nks okksZa 2009&10 ls 2011&12 ds
e/; jkst+xkj Lrj c<+dj yxHkx 1-0 izfrkr ds fudV eqfdy ls igqp ik;kA
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 Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma
(Pg. 6005-6014) 6013

okZ 2004&05 ls 2011&12 ds e/; lokZf/kd okfkZd lao`f) nj rFkk izfr O;fDr
vk; 6 izfrkr ls vf/kd gksus ds ckotwn okZ 2005 ls 2012 ds e/; dsoy 13
fefy;u vfrfjDr u;s jkst+xkj l`ftr gks ik;s FksA blds vfrfjDr jkst+xkj&yksp
esa gksus okyh mRrjksRrj fxjkoV] vFkkZr~ okZ 2000 ls 2005 ds e/; 0-3 izfrkr
ls Hkh de gksdj okZ 2005 ls 2012 ds e/; 0-05 izfrkr] dk gksuk jkst+xkj
l`tu gsrq fu;kstu izf;k dh fujkkktud miyfC/k FkhA
lS)kfUrd :i ls] Je kfDr vkf/kD; vFkZO;oLFkk esa th0Mh0ih0 esa gksus okyh
o`f) esa Roj.k lq/kkjkRed cktkj O;oLFkk n~okjk jkst+xkj dh o`f) nj dks c<+krk gSA vr%
ckt+kj vFkZO;oLFkk esas vf/kdre cktkj&fudiVrk mnkjhdj.k }kjk Je kfDr vkf/kD;
vFkZO;oLFkk dks mRikn fofkVhdj.k vkSj oLrqvksa ds fu;kZr dh vksj izsfjr djuk pkfg,A
ftlls mRikn&fofkVhdj.k dj fu;kZr lUnHkZ esa vkf/kD; Je kfDr dk dk;Zcy ds
:i esa rhoz mi;ksx gks ldsA oSfod Lrj ij mnkjhdj.k }kjk jkst+xkj l`tu lEcU/kh
izkIr ifj.kke larksktud ugha gSaA Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk Hkh bldk viokn ugha gSA bldh
iqfV jkst+xkjghu vkfFkZd lao`f) n~okjk Lor% gksrh gSA
vkfFkZd fu;kstu dh izklafxdrk gsrq lq>ko&
1. okZ 1993 esa foo cSad dk * uked izdkfkr v/;;u
vkSj okZ 1999 esa foo cSad dh foo fodkl fjiksVZ esa vkfFkZd O;oLFkkvksa
Economic Systems ij yxHkx vfUre fopkj izLrqr djrs gq, fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk
dks ,d csgrj fodYi crk;k x;kA bl ckr ij cy fn;k fd vFkZO;oLFkk dh
lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr ds vuqlkj vkfFkZd fu.kZ; fy, tk;saA
2. fu;kstu n~okjk gh fk o mlls lEcfU/kr {ks=ksa esa izkFkfedrk ds vk/kkj ij u;s
fljs ls fodsUnzhdj.k fodkl izf;k dk f;kUo;u fd;k tk;s ftlls fuEu
mRikndrk vkSj izPNUu csjkst+xkjh dks nwj dj fk mn~;ksx dh eUnrk dks
lekIr fd;k tk ldsA
3. Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa 51 izfrkr ifjokjksa dh dqy lEifRr esa fgLlk dsoy 10
izfrkr gS vkSj kgjh {ks=ksa esa 50-7 izfrkr ifjokjksa ds ikl dqy ifjlEifRr dk
dsoy 5-3 izfrkr gSA ifjlEifRr;ksa ds bl nkskiw.kZ forj.k dks fu;kstu }kjk gh
Copyright 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
 Dr. Anup Kumar Singh & Vivek Vishwakarma
(Pg. 6005-6014) 6014

de djds fuEuLrjh; ekuo iwth dks mPp Lrjh; ekuo iwth esa cnyk tk
ldrk gSA vesfjdh vFkZkkL=h tsEl0,l0 M~;wtucsjh us vius vuqHkotU; rF;
ds vk/kkj ij fl) fd;k gS fd vkfFkZd vlekurk tSl&
s tSls de gksrh gS]
oSl&
s oSls iwth lap; fuosk c<+rk gSA
4. fu;kstu ,d yxkrkj pyus okyh ,oe~ lrr~ c<+us okyh izf;k gSA bls pquko
ifj.kkeksa dh vfu;ferrkvksa ds Hkjksls u NksM+k tk;sA vko;d gS fd ,d n`<+
jkVh; pfj=] gks tks fcuk fdlh ekufld ck/kk ifjxzg ds lHkh jktuSfrd nyksa
ds e/; ^^;kstuk dh vko;drk dh ,d lkoZHkkSfed** lgefr cuk ldsA
fu;kstu vkSj lkekftd ,oa lkaLd`frd vfHko`fRr;ksa esa ,d:irk gksuh pkfg,
ftlls vkfFkZd fodkl gsrq ldkjkRed tu&lgHkkfxrk izkIr gks ldsA
lUnHkZ lwph&
MkW0 FkkWel cyksx % bduksfed cSyasl fcV~ohu nh bZLV ,.M n osLV] dkWelZ]% ,uqvy 1958A
mik/;k;] fueZyk; % ^^egkRek xk/kh dh Lojkt fok;d /kkj.kk** yksdra= leh{kk] tqykbZ&fnlEcj
1982] vad 3&4] i`B 311 ls 314A
Vh0,l0 iiksyk % xzksFk ,.M LVDpj vkWo ,EIykW;esVa bu bf.M;k] ekpZ 2012A
pkS/kjh] lqHkkfuy 2011 ^^,EIykW;esaV bu bf.M;k] OgkWV bt+ n ysVsLV MkVk kks\** bduksfed ,.M
ikWfyfVdy ohdyh] vxLr 6A
feJk] laxhrk ,.M lqjsk ds0 vuwi % ,fLVesfVax ,EIykW;esaV bykfLVflVh vkWo xzksFk Qkj nh bf.M;u
bdkWueh] twu 2014A
vxzoky] vkjk/kuk 2014 % U;w bulkbV~l buVw n fjyskufki fcV~ohu ,EIykW;esaV ,.M bduksfed
xzksFk bu bf.M;kA
vkfFkZd leh{kk 2011&12A
vkfFkZd leh{kk 2013&14A
vkfFkZd leh{kk 2014&15A
,u0,l0,l0vks0 fjiksVZ la[;k 484A
,u0,l0,l0vks0 fjiksVZ la[;k 554A
uskuy ,dkm.V~l LVSfVfLVDl 2014 fooj.kA

Copyright 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies