8/24/2017

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The experts in materials and solutions for leak sealing, water control and soil
stabilization
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Effective Vertical Permeation Grouting with Polyurethane Resin Technology

Philip Kaplan
Global Technical Services Manager

GCP Applied Technologies, De Neef Conchem

Project: Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge Hong Kong Link Road
Contract No: HY/2011/03
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Project Summary

Link road between Macau and Hong Kong.

On lands end (Hong Kong), the tunnel splits to HK City and to the HK Airport.
Severe water ingress at open shaft #3.
Water leakages, (up to 3000 L/minute), actually spread over a zone of 16 M
that caused underground soil mass erosion and multiple water channels that
lead to a general spread of the water inflow.
DNalso
Water surging not only frontal but GLOBALTECH
from the bottom.
&
Combined water stopping and soil TESTLAB
coagulation from level -37 to -27 M
below sea level 4
The soil is composed of very silty sand, sea sands, shells, organic rest materials

2015 GCP Applied Technologies Inc

Site Lay-out

DN GLOBALTECH
&
TESTLAB
4

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Conventional grouting plan

DN GLOBALTECH
&
TESTLAB
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2015 GCP Applied Technologies Inc

After Conventional Grouting

DN GLOBALTECH
&
TESTLAB
4

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Defining of the Soil Characteristics

SIEVE ANALYSIS
MATERIAL Hong Kong - Macau - William Tang
TRACKING NUMBER 2016.01H
DATE 10.01.17

SIEVE SIEVE SIZE - mm % RETAINED % CUM. RETAINED % CUM. PASSED

>4 4,00 3,7 3,7 96,3
2 2,00 17,9 21,6 78,4
1 1,00 24,6 46,2 53,8
0,5 0,50 19,1 65,3 34,7
0,25 0,25 12,9 78,2 21,8
0,125 0,13 11,6 89,8 10,2
0,063 0,06 6,7 96,5 3,5
pan 0,001 3,5 100,0 0,0

100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
% passing

60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0.00 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00
grain size - mm

2015 GCP Applied Technologies Inc

Grain Profile

magnification - 50x
Irregular shaped grains - flat faces with round or sharp edges

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Ground Condition Summary

ADDITIONAL FEATURES
MATERIAL Hong Kong - Macau - William Tang
TRACKING NUMBER 2016.01H

Moisture content - % 11,39

Bulk density -
kg/dm 1,531

Bulk density ( trilled ) - kg/dm 1,797

Dry density - kg/dm 1,613

Porosity - % 25,00

Void ratio 0,33

pH 8,5 - 9,0

Effective size ( D10 ) 0,103mm

Uniformity coefficient
Cu 1,226 well graded gravel-sand soil
Coefficient of degradation Cc 1,19 well graded gravel-sand soil

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Technical Lab Trial Expansion Test

DN GLOBALTECH
&
TESTLAB
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Foam reactivity test under continuous 5 bar counter pressure

Resin type: De Neef Single Component Closed Cell HA Cut AF

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Reactivity Test under Continuous Counter-Pressure

Penetrability in reconstituted sand under a constant pressurisation of 5 Bar

This allows to define the following characteristics, and to bring corrections

to the reaction curve of the resin.

Penetrability with water to set calibration Delta.

Speed, and initial pressure for constant flow.
Injection speed and maximum injection pressure before claquage.
Resin absorption.
Grout take.
Expansion factor.
Compressive- and flexural strength.

2015 GCP Applied Technologies Inc

Technical Lab Trial Injection simulation with actual soil samples

Phase 3
The secundary
permeation (GP) is
triggered by the
chemical reaction
Red pigment has been occuring from contact
and intense flux
Added to the resin between grout + water.
to show spread.
Note:There is NO
dilution of the grout. .

Resulting in :
a) Release of C02,
that acts on 2
factors, ie: a)
Lowering of the
dynamic viscosity
of the Grout (Ca
20 -25%) .
b) The CO2, erupts
with a pressure of
ca 5,5 Bar, and
acts as a
propellant. for the
injected grout

c) The 3 factors
combined, i.e: MP
+ GP + low
viscosity allow the
grout to enter into
openings with
permeabilities in
the range of
10-6 cm/sec.

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Trial Observation

ADDITIONAL FEATURES
MATERIAL Hong Kong - Macau - William Tang
TRACKING NUMBER 2016.01H

SOIL Hong Kong - Macau ( DN HK )

RESIN HA Cut AF - 322,5ml(*)
CATALYST HA Cut Cat AF - 1,5%
INJECTION DEPTH 20m
INJECTION TUBE 3,6 bar CONSTANT PRESSURISATION
DN GLOBALTECH
INJECTION PRESSURE AT NOZZLE 5 bar, gradually increased to 6 bar
&
COMPENSATED INJECTION PRESSURE 1,4 to 2,4 Bar
TESTLAB
SPLITTING / CLAQUAGE Soil sample inside the tube did not split,
4

(*) Cartridge Filled 185 CC has been injected.

2015 GCP Applied Technologies Inc

Trial Observation

ADDITIONAL FEATURES
MATERIAL Dragages Hong Kong - undersea cross tunnel - William Tang
TRACKING NUMBER 2016.01H
DATE 10.01.17

Volume tube 0,987 dm

Volume of tube end 1 0,185 dm
Volume of tube end 2 0,155 dm
Volume total tube 1,327 dm

Volume DHK cured in tube 0,988 dm

72% of total volume DHK is cured

Volume injected resin 0,185 dm

Volume DHK cured in tube 0,988 dm

Factor 5,15 Foam Factor 4,15

Estimated grout take / M

To permeate and consolidate 1m
of Soil, taking in account same
granulometry, spread, density,
pressure in ground,
it will take approximately 210 kg resin ( catalyst included ).

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Compressive Strength Test @ 24 hrs / 20C)

Flexural Strength 0.61 MPa

DN GLOBALTECH
&
Sample 1:
TESTLAB
Average
4 Compressive strength 9.6 MPa

Average Compressive strength 13.0 MPa

Sample 2:
Compressive strength 16.4 MPa

2015 GCP Applied Technologies Inc

Injectability Tests Adapting the Speed, Flow & Distance under constant counter pressure

DN GLOBALTECH
&
TESTLAB
4

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Third Line of Defence with HA Cut AF for Water stopping & Soil Coagulation

DN GLOBALTECH
&
TESTLAB
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Solution driven applications

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On Site Application

Solution driven applications

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Actual Injection on Site

1C PU Grout Weight/Kg. Volume/L

Ha Cut 5.238 Kg 4.988

Developped Depth Estimated Volume Void Void Solidification

Length Of injection Permeation of Percentage Volume ratio
area Span this area Void Volume
(High Grout take
Leakage
Zone)
13,1 M 10 M 1,2 M 157,2 M3 32% 50,24 M 9,59 (*1)

(*1) The soil samples had been thoroughly densified, both mechanically and pneumatically.
In situ the soil contained many openings , voids, and water passages.

2015 GCP Applied Technologies Inc

On Site Summary

Area of soil treated : +/- 131 M2

Volume of soil treated : +/- 157 M
Losses by dilution : 0 Liters
Losses by escaping resin : +/- 30 L (Volume of the foam in the
expanded foam in the gutter / 30

Effective Duration of De Neef Injections : 8 days

Conventional solutions : Approx 2 Months

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Conclusions
De Neef closed cell water reactive polyurethane grout is effective for Soil
injection & Emergency leak sealing application.
It does not dilute when comes into contact with water.
It can permeate into 10-4 10-6 cm/sec.
Setting time can be adapted on site/ #water temp, #water flow, #instant
coagulation when deem necessary.
It saves at least 50% cost and prevent ground settlement due to water loss.
It does not pollute ground water nor releases toxic fumes.
Engineered to work with cement grout materials.
No complicated tooling.
Adequate training to crew/specialist.

2015 GCP Applied Technologies Inc

Full Solutions for Leaking Sealing, Ground Engineering & Structural Repair

1C HAG HYDRO ACTIVE GROUTS

PU 2C ROCKSTABS AND DENEBLOCKS

AC GELACRYLS AND SUPERFLEX

OM ORGANOSOLS NP, XP, FR

EP DENEPOX AND EPICOL

MFC OMNITEK INJECT 6, 12, 20 uM

Develope Techniques & Solutions for effective applications

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De Neefs Developed Application Techniques since 1978

Application Year Entity Designers

Pure Resin 1978 De Neef Chemie H.De Neef,
Prof.A.Naudts
CombiGrouting 1982 De Neef Scandinavia. Team DN Scan
Team DN HQ
GeoSpetsTeknik
CombiBlock 1992 De Neef Conchem Ph.-A. Kaplan
CementGel 2004 De Neef Conchem Kaplan, Smits,
Caron
FlexStitch 2005 De Neef Conchem Ph.-A. Kaplan
FlexPile 2005 De Neef Conchem Ph.-A. Kaplan

2015 GCP Applied Technologies Inc

Acknowledgement

China State Construction Engineering (Hong Kong) Limited (Project team)

Ove Arup & Partners (Project team)
VSL Intrafor Hong Kong Ltd (Project team)

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Click to edit Master title style

The experts in materials and solutions for leak sealing, water control and soil
stabilization
Save time and keep your project on track.

Thank You
We look forward to seeing you at table 10

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