SYSTEM

» It is a group of organized independent components that interact with and

complement one another to achieve one or more predefined goals.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A SYSTEM

UNITARY WHOLE - a system is the sum of its part glued into one distinct entity.
COMPOSED OF PARTS - a system is made up of functionally oriented parts or components.
BOUNDED - boundaries separate system from its environment.
SYSTEM PARTS - the parts are related and have definite interactions.
HIERARCHICAL - each system is lightly to be part of another larger system, just as it is likely
to be divided into subsystems.
GOAL ORIENTED - the components all work toward a particular purpose of function.

BASIC COMPONENTS OF A SYSTEM

A system can be analyzed in terms of poor or lazy components

1. INPUTS – elements that entered the system and take the form of energy materials or
information.
2. PROCESSES – action on the inputs that converts into outputs.
3. OUTPUTS – the finished product that resulted from processing the inputs.
4. ENVIRONMENT – the set of all outside elements that influence the system.

TYPES OF SYSTEM

A system can be classified into two namely:

1. Information System
2. Application System
DATA AND INFORMATION

 a collection of independent raw facts and figures.

DESIRABLE QUALITIES OF INFORMATION

1. RELEVANCE – all of the information supply must be important to the person receiving it.
2. COMPLETENESS – no vital information should be missed out.
3. TIMELINESS – up to date
4. ACCURACY – correct or valid information
5. PRESENTABILITY – good looking

BASIC COMPONENT OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

1. HARDWARE – physical computer and its components.

2. SOFTWARE – non-physical components such as the machine coded instructions used by the
different hardware facilities.
3. PEOPLEWARE – refers to the personnel who manage, designs the application, writes and encode
the program.
4. DATAWARE- refers to the systematic and organized collection of data and procedures relevant
to the organized.

COMPUTER MEMORY – under the internal and external memory.

INTERNAL MEMORY – such s RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory).

RAM (Random Access Memory) – can be read and alter by the computer. (volatile)

Example:

DRAM – Dynamic Random Access Memory

SDRAM – Synchronized Dynamic Random Access Memory

SRAM - Static Random Access Memory

ROM (Read-Only Memory) – can be read by the computer but not alter. (fixed)

Example:

BIOS – Basic Input Output System

 CDROM – Compact Disc Read-Only Memory

EXTERNAL MEMORY - hard drives, CD’s / CD ROM’s, Magnetic Floppy Disc

thousands 630 MB 2 Megabytes

BITS - 10111010

BYTES – 8 bits (0-255 bits) uppercase and lower case characters

KB (KILOBYTES) – 1024 bytes

MB (MEGABYTES) – 1 million bytes

GB (GIGABYTES) – billion bytes]

TB – (TERABYTES) – trillion bytes

BUS – concern with connection.

- Flat cable with numerous parallel lines

- A set of hardware lines, used for data transfer among the components of computer.

INPUT DEVICES – simply allows the user to communicate top computer.

Ex. mouse, keyboard, scanner, web cam, digital cam, joystick, sensor, graphics tablet

OUTPUT DEVICES – enable the computer to present information to user.

- a device that translates information in a way that humans / human being can

understand.

Ex. displays screen, printers and plotters, audio-output devices, video-output devices, virtual reality
devices, robot

A.I. (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE) - a term that in its broadest sense would indicate the ability of an artifact
to perform the same kinds of functions that characterize human thought.

INPUT and OUTPUT DEVICES – a hardware that are use for both providing information to the computer and
receiving information from it.

CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT) – most important part of hardware. Also known as central processor.

MICROPROCESSOR CHIP – is a single piece of silicon containing millions of electrical components.

COMPONENTS OF CPU

Consist of ALU  Arithmetic Logic Unit

Consist of CU  Central Unit

Primary Storage

Registers

1. ALU (ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT) – operation such as MDAS, are performed by ALU. Arithmetic –
MDAS (Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction). Logical – Yes, No, Or, Not.

2. CU (Central Unit) – functions: decodes program instructions and directs other

components of the computer to perform that task specified in the programs instructions.

3. PRIMARY STORAGE – stores the program instructions currently being executed and also
stores the data while being process by the CPU.

4. REGISTERS – serve as primary unit of CPU memory

- It can say the CPU memory

- 14 word read and write memory

SOFTWARE

OPERATING SYSTEM- when computer is turned on it searches for a set of instructions in the
memory.

POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEM Windows 95

Windows 98

Windows 2000

Windows M.E. (Millennium Edition)

Windows XP (Experience)

CAPABILITIES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

1. Single Tasking – one program only

 2. Multi Tasking – many programs

OFFERS OF OS / CHARACTERISTICS OF OS

GUI (Graphical User Interface), use of small pictures or icons.

ex. My Computer (icon), My Documents (icon)

SYSTEM SOFTWARE – is generalized software that directs the overall operation of the
computer.

CLASSIFIED INTO CAPABILITIES

* On a SINGLE USER computer – control the IO operations

- control of the file systems

* On LARGER MULTIPLE USER – can control the computer system

- controlling access to the system (security / password)

- controlling shares resources (web cam, printers, scanner)

- keeping accounting data (time watcher)

APPLICATION SOFTWARE – concern with application and implementation.

- analogy of the world of hardware would be the relationship of the

light bulb: under of electrical systems.