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INTRODUCTION
stalk which for every 10 tonnes of sugarcane crushed, a sugar factory produces nearly 3
tonnes of wet bagasse. Since bagasse is a by-product of the cane sugar industry, the
quantity of production in each country is in line with the quantity of sugarcane produced.
In the Philippines, the cane sugar industry has been a significant contributor to the
countrys agriculture sector. Sugarcane is the most used raw material for cane sugar
production in our country. In 2005, the Philippines is the 9th largest sugar producer in the
world and 2nd largest sugar producer among the Association of Southeast Asian
metric tons refined sugar per day, all operating adjunct to the raw mills only. These
metric tonnes of sugar refined generates about 30% as sugarcane bagasse. With improper
storage and handling of the sugarcane bagasse, it becomes easily combustible with its
organic content.
Sugarcane bagasse is one of the by-products of the cane sugar industry, even as a
by-product they have versatile applications such as a source of biofuel, a mode for
production of paper, and renewable energy source. With the abundance of sugarcane
bagasse and its wide array of availability in the Philippines, it can be used as a raw
material for the production of organic acids. Sugarcane bagasse major components are
Cellulose (46%), Hemicellulose (26%), Lignin (24%), Extractives (2%), and Ash (4%).
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With the composition of sugarcane bagasse its moisture content can reach up to a
chemist, Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1780, who isolated the lactic acid from sour milk as
impure brown syrup and gave it a name, Mjlksyra, based on its origins. Lactic acid is
carboxylic acid with an asymmetrical carbon atom. Lactic acid occurs naturally in two
optical isomers D(-) and L(+) Lactic acids. L(+) is the preferred isomer in food and
pharmaceutical industries since D(-) is harmful to humans. Lactic acid has been classified
by the US Food and Drug Administration as GRAS (Generally recognized as Safe) for
use as food additive, and broad range in the application to pharmaceutical and food
fermentation and the rest is produced synthetically. The worldwide market growth is
increasing every year and the production in 2006 was about 68,000 tons per year. The
rods and cocci. They lack the ability to synthesize cytochromes and porphyrins, the
microorganisms are their ability to rapidly and completely ferment cheap raw materials,
stereo specific lactic acid under conditions of low pH and high temperature, production of
low amounts of cell mass and negligible amounts of other byproducts. The choice of
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organisms primarily depends on the carbohydrate to be fermented. Lactobacillus,
L- Lactic or PLA [Poly (lactic acid)] belongs to the family of aliphatic polyesters
films or fibers (Donald, 2001). PLA can be synthesized industrially by two means either
fermentation has a potential advantage in attaining pure lactic acid rather than using
chemical fermentation. PLA is degraded by simple hydrolysis of the ester bond and does
not require the presence of enzymes to catalyze this hydrolysis. The synthesis of lactic
acid into high-molecular weight PLA can follow two different routes of polymerization.
L-Lactic acid is a commonly occurring organic acid that is valuable due to its wide use in
polymers. The increased use of l-lactic acid in exciting applications and its potential use
Polymers of polylactic acid have finally become a commercial reality with the
its use in many applications, including packaging, paper coating, fibers, films, and a host
of molded articles. PLA is not being used in these applications solely because of its
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II. LACTIC ACID PROFILE
liquid organic compound. It has a molecular weight of 90.07794 g/mol, and melts at
16.8C. L-Lactic acid is soluble in water and is produced both naturally and
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
Hydroxypropanoic acid;
2-Hydroxypropionic acid;
2methylacetic acid
PURITY 85-88%
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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pH 2.96 mmol/L
SALES SPECIFICATION
GRADE Food
PURITY 85-88%
CHLORIDES 10 ppm
MERCURY 1 ppm
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B. Product Composition: Lactic Acid
Lactic acid is widely used in most processing industry. The projected market for
this product involves domestic market since there is a high demand for this product in the
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wrinkles, folds and furrows
PACKAGE Drums
TRANSPORT INFORMATION
dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
well-ventilated place.
air.
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HAZARDOUS Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2)
DECOMPOSITION
PRODUCTS
or water
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS These products are toxic carbon oxides (CO, CO2).
AND INSTRUCTIONS Large Fire: Use water spray, fog or foam. Do not
operations.
COMBUSTION
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E. Product Safety and Disposal of L-Lactic Acid
PRECAUTIONS
DISPOSAL CONSIDERATION
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III. RAW MATERIALS PROFILE
1. Sugarcane Bagasse
Sugarcane bagasse has properties in common with cellulose, the starch that forms
wood and paper. Sugarcane bagasse can be used as a source of renewable power
MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
COLOR White/Brown
SALES SPECIFICATION
GRADE Food
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B. Sugarcane Bagasse Composition
MATERIAL COMPOSITION
INGREDIENT % BY WEIGHT
Cellulose 46.40%
Hemicellulose 20.90%
Lignin 18.60%
Moisture 11.40%
Ash 2.70%
lactic acid.
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oxides, hydrocarbons) when heated to
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2. Microorganism
Bacterium because it ferments sugar substrates (glucose) to lactic acid. Lactobacilli are
typically rod shaped cells, occurring in pairs and short chains. They are Gram-positive,
non-motile, and do not form spores. With its important applications, simple metabolism
and limited biosynthetic capabilities, what is unique to this bacterium is that it has a thich
cell wall and a cell membrane. Not only it is important in dairy production, it also has
potential of use as oral vaccine, foreign protein production and metabolite through
genetic engineering. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis is preferred for making soft
MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
SCIENTIFIC SPECIFICATION
KINGDOM Eubacteria
ORDER Lactobacillales
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FAMILY Lactobacillaceae
PHYLUM Firmicutes
GENUS Lactobacillus
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
pH RANGE 5-8
(GROWTH CULTURE)
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SHAPE rod
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B. Use of Microorganism
Source of platform chemicals (L-lactic acid, Acetic acid, Ethanol) and is also used
TRANSPORT INFORMATION
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Glass container
FLAMMABILITY Non-flammable
PROCEDURES
HAZARDS
DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
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regulations. Manage unpermitted waste
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3. Sulfuric Acid
dissociates readily in water to sulfate ions and hydrated protons, and is totally miscible
with water at all concentrations. The salts of sulfuric acid are called sulfates. Its historical
appearance. Concentrated sulfuric acid acts as both an oxidizing and dehydrating agent.
Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is a central substance in the chemical industry.
Principal uses include lead-acid batteries for cars and other vehicles, ore processing,
MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
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pH Acidic (1% soln/water)
0.004 hPa at 50 C
alcohol.
MATERIAL COMPOSITION
INGREDIENT % BY WEIGHT
Water 2%-5%
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C. Use of Sulfuric Acid
Used for industrial production of chemicals and cleaning agents. Also use
TRANSPORT INFORMATION
PACKAGING INFORMATION
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materials, organic materials, metals, acids, alkalis,
(73.4F).
DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
neutralized.
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4. Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide is a white powder with specific gravity of 2.13, easily soluble
in cold water. It has a molecular weight of 39.9971 g/mol, and boils at 13880C. Much
heat is evolved when it is dissolved in water. Therefore, cold water and caution must be
used for this process. It is very caustic to aluminum and other metals in presence of
moisture. Sodium Hydroxide is used for treatment of the fibers to remove the lignin. It
MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
hydrate
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
ODOR Odorless
COLOR White
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BOILING POINT 1388o C
pH 13.5
STD. ENTHALPY OF
STD. MOLAR
MATERIAL COMPOSITION
INGREDIENT % BY WEIGHT
Used as alkali pretreatment of the fibers and for the adjustment of the
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D. Sodium Hydroxide Transport, Packaging, Handling and Storage
TRANSPORT INFORMATION
PACKAGING INFORMATION
alkalis, moisture.
DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
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requirements prior to disposal. Disposal by
acceptable.
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5. Calcium Carbonate
polymorphs, that is, aragonite, calcite, and vaterite. It has a specific gravity of
limestone, marbles, chalks, oyster shells, and corals. Calcium carbonate obtained
from its natural sources is used as filler in a variety of products, such as ceramics
and glass, and as a starting material for the production of calcium oxide. The vast
MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
ODOR Odorless
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TASTE Marked acid taste. (Strong) ; Sour (Diluted)
dilute acid.
MATERIAL COMPOSITION
INGREDIENT % BY WEIGHT
Moisture 1.25%
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D. Calcium Carbonate Transport, Packaging, Handling and Storage
TRANSPORT INFORMATION
PACKAGING INFORMATION
C.
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STORAGE Keep container tightly closed.
C.
DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
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IV. BY-PRODUCT PROFILE
nature, calcium sulfate is a clear white rock. It is often sold in the form of a
powder, which may be mixed with an indicator dye which stains the powder when
it is exposed to water. It can also be sold in blocks, which are typically rough and
unfinished as people will be modifying the block for an intended use. In nature,
calcium sulfate is quarried from a number of sites around the world. It also comes
in two primary forms: an anhydrous form and a hydrous form. The different forms
have a wide range of applications, ranging from making casts for treatment of
BY-PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
Anhydrite, Gypsum
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PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
ODOR Odorless
MATERIAL COMPOSITION
INGREDIENT % BY WEIGHT
Calcium Sulfate 80
Crude Calcium sulfate is the by-product of the lactic acid production process
which could have a possible market in the industry which includes fertilizer production
by further purification.
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PRECAUTIONS Use with adequate ventilation. Wash hands
DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
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