Electrical Motor

The motor or an electrical motor is a device that has brought

about one of the biggest advancements in the fields of engineering
and technology ever since the invention of electricity. A motor is
nothing but an electro-mechanical device that converts electrical
energy to mechanical energy. Its because of motors, life is what it is
today in the 21st century. Without motor we had still been living in
Sir Thomas Edisons Era where the only purpose of electricity would
have been to glow bulbs. There are different types of motorhave
been developed for different specific purposes.
In simple words we can say a device that produces rotational force
is a motor. The very basic principal of functioning of an electrical
motor lies on the fact that force is experienced in the direction
perpendicular to magnetic field and the current, when field
and current are made to interact with each other.
Ever since the invention of motors, a lot of advancements has taken
place in this field of engineering and it has become a subject of
extreme importance for modern engineers. This particular webpage
takes into consideration, the above mentioned fact and provides a
detailed description on all major electrical motors and motoring
parts being used in the present era.

Classification or Types of Motor

The primary classification of motor or types of motor can
be tabulated as shown below
History of Motor
In the year 1821 British scientist Michael Faraday explained the
conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy by placing a
current carrying conductor in a magnetic field which resulted in the
rotation of the conductor due to torque produced by the mutual
action of electrical current and field. Based on his principal the most
primitive of machines a DC (Direct Current) machine was designed
by another British scientist William Sturgeon in the year 1832.
But his model was overly expensive and wasnt used for any
practical purpose. Later in the year 1886 the first electrical motor
was invented by scientist Frank Julian Sprague. That was capable
of rotating at a constant speed under a varied range of load, and
thus derived motoring action.
INDEX
DC Motor
Synchronous Motor
3 Phase Induction Motor
1 Phase Induction Motor
Special Types of Motor
Among the four basic classification of motors mentioned above
the DC motor as the name suggests, is the only one that is driven
by direct current. Its the most primitive version of the electric
motor where rotating torque is produced due to flow of current
through the conductor inside a magnetic field.
Rest all are AC electrical motors, and are driven by alternating
current, for e.g. the synchronous motor, which always runs at
synchronous speed. Here the rotor is an electro - magnet which is
magnetically locked with stator rotating magnetic field and rotates
with it. The speed of these machines are varied by varying the
frequency (f) and number of poles (P), as Ns = 120 f/P.
In another type of AC motor where rotating magnetic field cuts the
rotor conductors, hence circulating current induced in these short
circuited rotor conductors. Due to interaction of the magnetic field
and these circulating currents the rotor starts rotates and continues
its rotation. This is induction motor which is also known
as asynchronous motor runs at a speed lesser than synchronous
speed, and the rotating torque, and speed is governed by varying the
slip which gives the difference between synchronous speed Ns, and
rotor speed speed Nr,

It runs governing the principal of EMF induction due to varying flux

density, hence the name induction machine comes. Single phase
induction motor like a 3 phase, runs by the principal of emf induction
due to flux, but the only difference is, it runs on single phase supply
and its starting methods are governed by two well established
theories, namely the Double Revolving field theory and the Cross field
theory.
Apart from the four basic types of motor mentioned above, there are
several types Of special electrical motors like Linear Induction
motor(LIM), Stepper motor, Servo motor etc with special features
that has been developed according to the needs of the industry or for
a particular particular gadget like the use of hysteresis motor in hand
watches because of its compactness.