BASIC PYTHON

PROGRAMMING
DATE:8 MARCH 2017
 WHY PHYTON?

DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

LESS LIMITATION
HAVE VARIOUS USAGE IN DIFFERENT FIELD
 INTRODUCTION TO THE PYTHON INTERFACE

IDLE (PYTHON GUI).EXE

THIS IS THE PYTHON SHELL
WHICH WILL PROCESS THE
COMMAND LINE BY LINE
 INTRODUCTION TO THE PYTHON INTERFACE
IN THE PYTHON SHELL, CLICK
FILE > NEW FILE OR PRESS
CTRL+N AT THE KEYBOARD
THIS CREATE A NEW .PY FILE
WHICH ENABLE THE USER TO
TYPE THE CODE BEFORE
COMPILING
TO RUN THE PROGRAM, PRESS
RUN> RUN MODULE OR F5
 TEXT OUTPUT
TYPE THE FOLLOWING
PROGRAM IN THE NEW FILE
(NOT THE PYTHON SHELL)

RUN THE PROGRAM AFTER

DONE TYPING

WHAT DO YOU SEE?

 TEXT OUTPUT

YOU DO NOT NEED SEMICOLON(;) FOR EVERY LINE

SEMICOLON ALLOWS MULTIPLE STATEMENTS IN A LINE

THE print FUNCTION ALLOWS THE DISPLAY OF TEXT (STRING)

THE print FUNCTION WILL AUTOMATICALLY ADDING NEWLINE TO THE TEXT
CAN BE AVOIDED BY TYPING A COMMA (,) AFTER THE TEXT
PLACING A HASHTAG (#) BEFORE ANY WORD WILL COMMENT THEM (I.E. NOT
COMPILED)
 ARITHMETIC OPERATION

ARITHMETIC OPERATION BETWEEN NUMBER CAN

BE DONE EASILY WITHIN THE SHELL
EXAMPLE OF ARITHMETIC OPERATORS:
+ ADDITION
- SUBTRACTION
* MULTIPLICATION
/ DIVISION (ANSWER IS IN INTEGER)
% MODULUS
** POWER
() BRACKET
 VARIABLE DECLARATION

PTYHON DO NOT REQUIRE TO DEFINE DATA

TYPE FOR VARIABLE
SIMPLE SYNTAX: VAR = VALUE
EG: A=3, B=STRING ETC.

MULTIPLE VARIABLE DECLARATION CAN BE

ACHIEVED BY FOLLOWING SYNTAX
VAR1,VAR2 = VALUE1,VALUE2
EG: A,B=3,STRING

TRY THIS PROGRAM, WHAT TO YOU SEE?

 BITWISE OPERATION
USE BITWISE OPERATOR
THE BITWISE OPERATOR PERFORMS
ARITHMETIC BIT BY BIT
TRY TO TYPE THE FOLLOWING
COMMAND IN THE SHELL
 STRING
STRING DECLARATION (THE STRING IS CONTAINED WITHIN THE DOUBLE OR SINGLE QUOTE)
VAR = STRING OR
VAR = STRING

TO INCLUDE THE DOUBLE OR SINGLE QUOTE IN THE STRING, ESCAPE SEQUENCE LETTER \ IS
USED BEFORE THE QUOTES.
EG:
 STRING OPERATION

IN PYTHON, STRING CAN UNDERGO

ARITHMETIC OPERATION
ADDITION WILL JOIN TWO DIFFERENT
STRING TOGETHER
MULTIPLICATION OF A STRING WITH A
CONSTANT WILL RESULT IN A NEW
STRING WITH COPIES OF STRING
CONCATENATED TOGETHER
 STRING OPERATION

STRING VARIABLE ALSO CAN BE SEEN AS

AN ARRAY OF LETTER
ELEMENTS INSIDE PYTHON STRING
CANNOT BE CHANGED JUST BY
ASSIGNMENTS
THE NUMBER OF LETTERS IN THE ARRAY
CAN BE CHECKED BY FUNCTION len()
 LIST

WE CAN INCLUDE SEVERAL VARIABLE

ELEMENTS INSIDE A SINGLE METAVARIABLE
CALLED LIST
THE ELEMENTS IS ENCLOSED INSIDE THE
SQUARE BRACKET []
ANY ELEMENTS CAN BE ACCESSED AND
DISPLAYED SIMILAR TO THE STRING
HOWEVER THE ELEMENTS CAN ALSO BE
CHANGED EASILY
THE NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN THE LIST CAN BE
CHECKED BY FUNCTION len()
 LIST FUNCTIONS
THERE ARE ALSO SEVERAL OTHER FUNCTIONS
CAN BE DONE ON THE LIST

Function Description
list.append(x) Add an item to the end of the list; equivalent
to a[len(a):] = [x].
list.extend(list2) Extend the list by appending all the items from
another list in the given list, i.e. list+list2
list.insert(i, x) Insert an item,x to a new position,i
list.remove(x) Remove the first item from the list whose value is x
list.pop(i) Remove the item at the given position in the list, and
return it.
list.index(x) Return the index in the list of the first item whose value
is x
list.count(x) Return the number of times x appears in the list
list.sort() Sort the items of the list in place
list.reverse() Reverse the elements of the list, in place.
 LIST FILTERING

CREATE A NEW LIST THAT

CONTAINS THE ELEMENTS THAT IS
DEFINED BY THE FUNCTION F(X)
RANGE INCLUDE THE LOWER
RANGE BUT EXCLUDE THE UPPER
RANGE
NOTE: IN PYTHON SHELL, PRESS
ENTER TWICE FOR FUNCTION
DEFINITIONS.
 TUPLE

READ-ONLY LIST, HENCE

CANNOT ADDING, MODIFY OR
DELETING THE ELEMENTS
THE ELEMENTS IS ENCLOSED
INSIDE THE PARENTHESIS ()
 DICTIONARY

CREATES RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO ELEMENTS

FIRST ELEMENT IS KNOWN AS KEYS AND SECOND
ELEMENT IS KNOWN AS VALUES
DEFINE A DICTIONARY LIST
DICT_VAR = {}

ADDING A NEW DICTIONARY ENTRY

DICT_VAR[KEYS]=VALUES

DELETE A DICTIONARY ENTRY

del DICT_VAR[KEY]

THERE NO ORDERING CONCEPT INSIDE THE

DICTIONARY
 DATA INPUT
FOR NUMBER VALUE, USE input FUNCTION
FOR STRING, USE raw_input FUNCTION
SYNTAX
VAR = input (STRING)
VAR = raw_input (STRING)

TRY THE FOLLOWING PROGRAMS

*T.SLEEP IS A FUNCTION THAT DELAY THE
PROGRAM EXECUTION.
 RANDOM DATA FUNCTION
BE SURE TO INCLUDE import
random BEFORE USING THE
RANDOM FUNCTION.
THE SYNTAX ARE: random.function
DATA TYPE CONVERSION

ASCII SEARCH
 CONDITIONING (IF-ELSE)
PYTHON USE if, elif AND else, followed by a colon (:)
SPACING IS REQUIRED TO DEFINE THE CONDITION
NESTED IF IS POSSIBLE
FOR MULTIPLE CONDITIONS and / or IS USED
EXAMPLE:
 LOOPING(WHILE)
SYNTAX
while(condition):
actions
change in condition
else CAN BE USE WITH while
EXECUTE AFTER THE WHILE LOOP DONE
SPACING IS REQUIRED TO DEFINE THE CONDITION
NESTED WHILE IS POSSIBLE
INFINITE LOOP CAN BE CREATED BY SIMPLY WRITING while(0)
THE INFINITE LOOP CAN BE TERMINATED BY SETTING A CONDITION
INSIDE THE PROGRAM CODE WITH break HOWEVER THE ACTION AFTER
else WILL NOT RUN
DURING RUNNING, THE INFINITE LOOP CAN BE TERMINATED BY PRESSING
CTRL + C
 LOOPING (FOR)
SIMILAR TO while BUT ABLE TO ITERATE OVER THE
LIST OR STRING
else CAN BE USE WITH for
EXECUTE AFTER THE FOR LOOP DONE

range(a,b) FUNCTION ENABLE THE LOOP TO OCCUR

FOR b-a TIMES.
SPACING IS REQUIRED TO DEFINE THE CONDITION
NESTED FOR IS POSSIBLE