ELECTRO-OPTICS

HANDBOOK

Ronald W. Waynant Editor

Marwood N. Ediger Editor

Food and Drug Administration
Rockville, Maryland

Second Edition

McGRAW-HILL, INC.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Electro-optics handbook / Ronald W. Waynant, editor, Marwood N. Ediger, editor.2nd ed.

p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-07-068716-1 (hc)
1. Electrooptical devicesHandbooks, manuals, etc. I. Waynant, Ronald W.
II. Ediger, Marwood N., date.
TA1750.E44 2000
621.36dc21
99-044081

Copyright  2000 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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To our wives and families who tolerated this project and to
our colleagues with whom we have enjoyed this field, but
mostly to those chapter authors who wrote new chapters or
revised their work and made this edition current.
 CONTRIBUTORS

Georg F. Albrecht, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California (CHAP. 5)

John E. Bowers, University of California at Santa Barbara (CHAP. 29)
George R. Carruthers, E. O. Hulburt Center for Space Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Wash-
ington, D.C. (CHAP. 15)
Y. J. Chen, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
(CHAP. 22)
James J. Coleman, Microelectronics Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois (CHAP. 6)
Charles M. Davis, Centerville, Virginia (CHAP. 21)
J. G. Eden, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois (CHAP. 20)
Marwood N. Ediger, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland (CHAP. 1)
T. J. Harris, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland (CHAP. 11)
Masamitsu Haruna, Department of Electronic Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan (CHAP. 26)
P.-T. Ho, Joint Program for Advanced Electronic Materials, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uni-
versity of Maryland, College Park, Maryland (CHAPS. 9, 22)
Michael Ivanco, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario
(CHAP. 7)
Tung H. Jeong, Chairman, Department of Physics, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, Illinois (CHAP.
19)
S. B. Kim, Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
(CHAP. 20)
Beth A. Koelbl, Nulight, Virginia Station, Virginia (CHAP. 28)
Chi. H. Lee, Joint Program for Advanced Electronic Materials, Department of Electrical Engineering,
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland (CHAP. 9)
Thomas Liljeberg, University of California at Santa Barbara (CHAP. 29)
James T. Luxon, Associate Dean, Graduate Studies, Extension Services and Research, GMI Engineering
and Management Institute, Flint, Michigan (CHAP. 25)
Sharon Miller, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland (CHAP. 2)
Hiroshi Nishihara, Department of Electronic Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan (CHAP. 26)
John A. Pasour, Mission Research Corporation, Newington, Virginia (CHAP. 8)
Stephen A. Payne, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California (CHAP. 5)

xv
xvi CONTRIBUTORS

Martin Peckerar, Nonelectronic Processing Facility, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.
(CHAP. 22)
Jack C. Rife, Condensed Matter and Radiation Sciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Wash-
ington, D.C. (CHAP. 10)
Paul A. Rochefort, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario
(CHAP. 7)
G. Rodriguez, Everitt Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois (CHAP. 20)
Frederick A. Rosell, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Defense and Space Center, Baltimore, Mary-
land (CHAP. 18)
Roland Sauerbrey, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Rice Quantum Institute,
Rice University, Houston, Texas (CHAP. 3)
William T. Silfvast, Center for Research in Electro-Optics and Lasers, Orlando, Florida (CHAP. 4)
Edward J. Sharp, Department of the Army, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Fort Belvoir, Virginia
(CHAP. 13)
David H. Sliney, Department of the Army, U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency, Edgewood,
Maryland (CHAP. 23)
Suzanne C. Stotlar, Yorba Linda, California (CHAPS. 16, 17)
Toshiaki Suhara, Department of Electronic Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan (CHAP. 26)
M. E. Thomas, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland (CHAP. 11)
W. J. Tropf, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland (CHAP. 11)
Carlton M. Truesdale, Corning Industries, Corning, New York (CHAP. 12)
M. J. C. van Gemert, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas (CHAP.
24)
Osamu Wada, Deputy Manager, Fujitsu Laboratires, Limited, Optical Semiconductor Devices Labo-
ratories, Atsugi Kanagawa, Japan (CHAP. 27)
Ronald W. Waynant, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland (CHAP. 1)
Ashley J. Welch, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas (CHAP. 24)
Gary L. Wood, Director, Center for Night Vision and Electro-Optics, Department of the Army, U.S.
Army Research Laboratory, Fort Belvoir, Virginia (CHAPS. 13, 14)
Li Yan, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (CHAP. 9)
Clarence J. Zarobila, Optical Technologies, Incorporated, Herndon, Virginia (CHAP. 21)
McGraw-Hill Optical and Electro-Optical Engineering Series
Robert E. Fischer and Warren J. Smith, Series Editors

Published

Hecht THE LASER GUIDEBOOK

Melzer & Moffitt HEAD MOUNTED DISPLAYS
Miller & Friedman PHOTONICS RULES OF THUMB
Mouroulis VISUAL INSTRUMENTATION
Smith MODERN OPTICAL ENGINEERING
Smith MODERN LENS DESIGN
Smith PRACTICAL OPTICAL SYSTEM LAYOUT
Waynant & Ediger ELECTRO-OPTICS HANDBOOK
Wyatt ELECTRO-OPTICAL SYSTEM DESIGN

Other Books of Interest

Optical Society of America HANDBOOK OF OPTICS, SECOND EDITION, VOLUMES I, II

Keiser OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS
Syms, Cozens OPTICAL WAVES AND DEVICES
Chomycz FIBER OPTICAL INSTALLATIONS
ABOUT THE EDITORS

RONALD W. WAYNANT is Editor in Chief of IEEE Circuits and Devices Maga-

zine and senior optical engineer at the Food and Drug Administrations Elec-
tro-Optical Branch. He also gathered the distinguished contributors for and
edited the first edition of this Handbook. He resides in Clarksville, Maryland.

MARWOOD N. EDIGER has over 12 years experience in the use of lasers in

medical applications. Marwood lives in Vienna, Virginia.