NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SANTA

LANGUAGE CENTER

CEIDUNS

KENYI ESNAYDI IBAEZ MACHADO

Students name

BASIC-INTENSIVE VI
Cycle

MOND - THUR TUES / 4:00 8:00pm

Days /

Miss ROXANA LAVADO CASTILLO

Teachers name

JUAN MARTNEZ GUILLN

Principals name

2017
 To those people who sacrifice for
giving us the best in our life, our
parents and teachers who through
their knowledge give us the best,
and help us to get our goals.

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 Introduction

At the beginning, the word hero was defined to mythological personage. However
this definition is extended.

Hero is a mortal person, who stands out for some physical quality and who expects
a tragic end, who knows and voluntarily assumes. In Peru there are many heroes
who carry out our country. We are able to be named heroes.

The National heroes of Peru generally constitute eminent personalities of the

country, who have made several major contributions in various disciplines. From
leaders of the independence movement to renowned journalists and writers who
have made their country proud are regarded as national heroes.

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 INDICE

Page

1. Introduction
5
2. Heroes of Peru

2.1. Hero
2.2. Heroes civiles
2.3. Heroes military

3. Civil Heroes 6

3.1. Tupac Amaru ii

3.2. Michaela Bastidas
3.3. Maria Parado de Bellido
3.4. Jose Olaya Balandra

4. Military Heroes 10

4.1. Francisco Bolognesi Cervantes

4.2. Miguel Grau Seminario
4.3. Pedro Ruiz Gallo
4.4. Jos Abelardo Quionez
4.5. Alfonso Ugarte

5. Conclusions 17

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 2. Heroes of Peru

2.1. Hero

The hero can sacrifice his own needs for the benefit of others.
The characteristics of a hero are for example:

1. They are competent and confident.

2. They have moral guidance.
3. They have skills and training.
4. They are persistent.
5. They are people of positive thoughts.
6. They are disinterested.

2.2. Civil Heroes

They are person who disinterestedly render a service without

receive anything.

2.3. Heroes military

A military hero is a person who carried an extraordinary and

praiseworthy feat.

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 3. Civil Heroes

3.1. Tupac Amaru II

Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui was the leader of the largest Native American revolt in
the Americas. He was a man of sufficient learning, had a passion for reform, and
hated injustice. He was born in Tinta south of Cuzco, Peru, Jose Gabriel
Condorcanqui later took the name of the last Inca Emperor, in which he claimed he
was a descendent, Tupac Amaru.

Born to a Spanish father and Incan mother, Tupac Amaru II was a mestizo.
However, he identified more with his mother's indigenous side.Tupac Amaru II was
an intelligent and educated man, who had attended law school.

He married Michaela Bastidas Puyuahua, a pure-blooded Spaniard from Abancay.

From this marriage he had three sons Hiplito, Mariano, and Fernando. He felt
frustrated by the conditions of the indigenous and the treatment they received by
the Spaniards, Tupac Amaru II mounted a rebellion.

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His rebellion would strike fear in the hearts of all Spaniards living in Spanish-
America for years following the rebellion. Initially, Tupac Amaru II appealed to both
the criollos (Spaniards born in the Americas) and the indigenous, who were more
than ready to drive out the peninsular Spaniards living in the Americas.

The Spanish crown and its administrators had implemented a series of changes,
known as the Bourbon Reforms. The indigenous had been subjected to heavy
taxation, while criollo administrators, on orders from the crown were replaced by
peninsular Spaniards.

After the kidnapping and execution of Spanish governor, Antonio de Arriaga on

November 4, 1780 by Tupac's army, the climate of the rebellion changed. Criollos
and mestizos, who had once supported Tupac Amaru II, began to doubt his
motives.

Tupac Amaru was captured in May of 1781. His wife, Micaela Bastidas, who some
believe to have been his military strategist, along with his sons, family members
and captains were all sentenced to death. Tupac Amaru had to witness the
execution of his wife, oldest son, an uncle, and some of his captains before his
own death.

Tupac was drawn and quartered, and his remains were scattered across the
region. The brutal spectacle lasted over six hours.

3.2. Micaela Bastidas

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Micaela was born in Pampamarca (in Abancay) in 1744. She was the natural
daughter of Manuel Bastidas (perhaps of African descent or a priest) and Josefa
Puyucahua Sisa. Given her status as an illegitimate child perhaps either of a priest
or a black, she was marginalized in the indigenous Andean highlands. Micaela
spoke Quechua better than Spanish.

On May 25, 1760, before her sixteenth birthday, Micaela married Jos Gabriel
Condorcanqui, who later used the name Tpac Amaru II, in the church of Our Lady
of Purification in the city of Surimana.

The marriage was a happy one and a full partnership.

After that she was captured in a failed uprising. She had joined her spouse in
leading the rebellion, leading indigenous men and women in a battle for
independence as well as organizing supplies and recruiting forces.

She was executed by the Spanish very painfully on May 18, 1781, at 36 years of
age. Her son Hiplito was also executed by the Spanish, both of them in front of
Tupac Amaru II, who himself was then quartered and beheaded by the Spanish .

3.3. Maria Parado de Bellido

Mara Parado was an ordinary woman turned hero during the struggle for Perus
independence.

She was born in Huamanga, Ayacucho in the 1760s, married in the 1770s and had
seven children. It was in the 1820s that she decided to help the nationalists fighting
against the royalist Spanish army. Her husband and son were fighting with the
nationalists while she remained in the Spanish stronghold of the city of Huamanga
(Ayacucho).

Mara Parado sent letters, with the aid of friends, to her husband Bellido informing
them of the Spanish movements. One such letter allowed the nationalists to
escape the town of Quilcamachay before the Spanish took it the following day. The
Spanish, however, found the letter left behind and this led to her arrest and
detention.

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The Spanish demanded she revealed her informants or face death. She refused
and was put to death by firing squad.

3.4. Jose Olaya Balandra

Jos Silverio Olaya Balandra (Chorrillos, 1789 Lima, June 29, 1823) was an
Afro-Peruvian hero in the Peruvian War of Independence.

Son of Jose Apolinario Olaya and Cordoba and Melchora Balandra. He had 11
siblings. In the struggle for the independence of Peru, the hero acted as secret
emissary carrying messages between the Government of Callao and Lima Patriots
by swimming.

He was discovered, arrested and subjected to torture and sentenced to death

despite the torture, he never revealed his mission and swallow the letters assigned
to the mission. The independence of Peru, first declared in Huaura in November
1820 and July 28, 1821 in Lima, had become effective only in Lima and in the
north, but Cuzco, the central highlands and south were still under the rule of the
royal army.

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 4. Military Heroes

4.1. Francisco Bolognesi Cervantes

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Francisco Bolognesi was born in Lima on November 4, 1816. He attended the
Seminary of Arequipa until he was 16 and then entered into a career in commerce.

His father, Andrs Bolognesi was of Italian-Peruvian and was a violin player for the
court of the Viceroy. Francisco Bolognesi had a son called Mariano whose son was
Federico Bolognesi (2nd Vicepresident of Peru). Federico Bolognesi had a
daughter called Ana Maria Bolognesi who had two daughters called Ana Mamie
and Selina Raguz Bolognesi.

He was involved with the military in July, 1844, in an action at Carmen Alto, a local
district of Arequipa., south region of Per .Bolognesi elected to remain in the
military and took part in the revolution against then-President Echenique. After the
successful revolution, Bolognesi was a Lieutenant Colonel on the General Staff.

In 1856, Bolognesi commanded the artillery involved in suppressing the revolt of

General Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco, centered in the city of Arequipa, and was
promoted to Colonel.

After several missions to Europe to help acquire weapons for Peru (especially
artillery), Bolognesi returned to Peru in May 1866. He fell afoul of President Don
Mariano Ignacio Prado and was imprisoned briefly in 1867.

After the fall of Prado, Bolognesi returned to military service, commanding various
artillery units of the Peruvian army, retiring in 1871 as Commander-in-Chief of the
Artillery.

War of the Pacific - 1880, Just Before The Battle of Arica "I have sacred duties to
fulfill, and I will realize them until I fire the last round"

When the War of the Pacific began in 1879 between Chile and the alliance of Peru
and Bolivia, Bolognesi, now 62, rejoined the Peruvian Army and was active in
actions against the Chilean forces, including the Battles of Dolores and Tarapac
in November, 1879. In April, 1880, he was placed in command of the Peruvian port
of Arica.

When Chilean messengers demanded surrender of Arica because of their 3 to 1

numerical superiority, he replied, (I have sacred duties, and I will realize them until
the last cartridge has been fired").

On June 7, 1880, the Chilean assault took Arica at a cost of 474 troops. Almost
1,000 of the Peruvian defenders, including Colonel Bolognesi, were killed in
defense of the town.
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 4.2. Miguel Grau Seminario

Miguel Mara Grau Seminario (Paita, Peru, 27 July 1834 Punta Angamos,
Bolivia, 8 October 1879) is the most renowned Peruvian naval officer and hero of
the Naval Battle of Angamos during the War of the Pacific (18791884).

He was known as el Caballero de los Mares (Spanish for "Gentleman of the Seas")
for his kind and treatment of defeated enemies and is esteemed by both Peruvians
and Chileans. He is an iconic figure for the Peruvian Navy, and one of the most
famous merchant marine and naval military leaders of America.

Miguel Grau was born in Paita on 27 July 1834 in the house of Dr. Alexander
Diamont Newel with the assistance of the midwife Tadea Castillo, also known as
"The Morito," both prominent figures in Paita.

His father was Juan Manuel Grau y Berro, a Colombian who came to Peru with
Bolivar in the fight for independence from Spain. Later, Juan bought property in
Paita and worked at the Customs Office. His mother, Luisa Seminario y del
Castillo, motivated Grau to love the sea from his youth.

In 1853, at the age of 19, he left the merchant marine and became an officer
candidate of the Peruvian Navy, where he developed an outstanding professional
reputation. In 1854, he was Military officer of the steamer Rimac. His career was

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rapid and brilliant. In 1864, he was sent to Europe to oversee the construction of
ships for the Peruvian fleet.

He would be put in prison a year later, with a group of fellow officers for rejecting
the idea of hiring a foreigner as supreme commander of the Peruvian navy, but
was later released after a trial in which they were declared not guilty as their cause
was proven worthy.

By June 1, 1874, he became the commanding officer of the Peruvian Navy's fleet
as Captain, and later became a member of the Congress of the Republic of Peru
as an elected congressman in 1876 representing Paita.

The Peruvian warship Huascar.

When the War of the Pacific between Chile against Bolivia and Peru began on 5
April 1879, Miguel Grau was aboard the Huscar, as its captain and the
Commander of the Navy. In an impressive display of naval mastery, Capitn Grau
played an important role by interdicting Chilean lines of communication and supply,
damaging, capturing or destroying several enemy vessels, and bombarding port
installations.

Grau's Huscar became famed for moving stealthily, striking by surprise and then
disappearing. These actions put off a Chilean invasion by sea for six months, and
as a result he was promoted to Rear Admiral.

The Gentleman of the Seas (Battle of Iquique)

At the Battle of Iquique, after Huscar sank the Chilean corvette Esmeralda, Grau
ordered the rescue of the surviving crew from the waters. Grau also wrote
condolences to the widow of his opponent Arturo Prat, returning his sword and
personal effects

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 4.3. Jos Abelardo Quionez

Plato, a famous Greek philosopher, once stated, A hero is born among a hundred
men, a wise man is born among a thousand, but an accomplished one may not be
found among a hundred thousand men. Anyone can be a hero, but to accomplish
goals is what makes them a true extraordinary person.

A hero is fearless, confident, and should be a role model for others. A hero should
inspire others to do good for not only themselves but humanity. Jos Abelardo
Quinones Gonzales is considered a hero by many in Peru because of his
determination to fight for Perus Air Force.

Jos Abelardo Quinones Gonzales was born on April 22, 1914 in Pimentel City,
Chiclayo. Jos was a lieutenant in the Peruvian Air Force. It was well known that
Jos fought hard and would always complete the mission at hand. He fought in the
war to retain Perus territory against Ecuador. This fight can be dated back to
colonial times when the Spaniards ruled, and most of the fighting was about if
Ecuadors territory should reach the Amazon River.

Jos was Catholic and went to the National School of San Jose. He was number
one in the specialty of pilot hunting. He gave his life while attacking the Ecuadorian
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artillery battery. He was very helpful in showing Ecuador that Peru would not give
up. Joss death showed Ecuador that they were pushing their soldiers to the
limits. This may have been the reason Peru won.

Jos had many great qualities that most people didnt notice. he gave his life for
Peru. He was determined and persistent to attack Ecuador and win the war. Jos
had enough confidence in his skills to fight Ecuador. Jos was a loyal leader to
Peru and an outstanding lieutenant who will always be recognized for incredibly
hard work.

4.4. Alfonso Ugarte

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Alfonso Ugarte (July 13, 1847 June 7, 1880) was a Peruvian civilian turned
military commander during the War of the Pacific,
between Peru and Bolivia against Chile. He held the rank of Colonel.

Ugarte was born in Tarapac, Peru, the son of the rich tarapaqueos retailers
Narciso Ugarte and Rosa Vernal. At an early age, he was sent by his parents to
the Chilean port of Valparaiso, where he was educated, finishing his studies in
1868. On his return to Peru, he settled in Iquique, where he administered the family
business. He was elected City Mayor in 1876.

At the beginning of the War of the Pacific, Ugarte was about to leave the country
for a business trip to Europe, but instead he decided to stay in order to organize a
battalion using his own money. This unit was recruited from the workers and
craftsmen of Iquique.

He fought at the Battle of Tarapac, where he was injured. The Peruvian forces
retreated following this battle, and merged with the Army of the South, commanded
by Major General Juan Buenda; the combined force marched from Tarapaca
to Arica.

Ugarte was head of the Eighth Division in the defense of the city of Arica, where he
participated in the two military councils held by Colonel Francisco Bolognesi, where
the agreement was made to defend the bastion "until burning the last round".

Ugarte died fighting at Arica. He rode his horse over the Rock of Arica in order to
prevent the Peruvian flag, which he was carrying, from being captured by the
Chilean troops. Thus, Alfonso Ugarte indeed fulfilled the promise to fight to the last
bullet.

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 5. Conclusions

The National heroes of Peru generally constitute eminent personalities of the

country, who have made several major contributions in various disciplines.

From leaders of the independence movement to renowned journalists and writers

who have made their country proud are regarded as national heroes.

Many of the heroes contributed to Peru, but in reality they are not very recognized
even though their contributions were the biggest.

Our heros national was simple and they loved to people because they to fight
without own benefit.

The people owe imitate the dedication and the effort that they had from realized
their goals.

The knowledge of our heroes and characters illustrious contribute to enrich our
identity.

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