Sternphyoid,sternothyroid,omohyoid innervated by ansa cervicalis.

Thyrohyoid innerved vy c1 via CXII

Hyoid bone from second and third branchi araches

Composed of body,greater and lesser horn
Tortocollis :head tilts to affected side results from injury of SCM.
Damege to cnXI cannot raise an arm above horizontal and cannot shrug shoulder
because of trapezius.

Pharynx compsed of voluntary muscles.
Lateral ptyergoid superior origin from infratemporal crest of the greater wing insert into
articular disck of tmj ,inferior origin is from lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
insert into neck of mandibular condyle slight depression of the mandible.
Medial pterygoid origin from medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate,insert into medial
surface of angle and ramus of the mandible.
Baccinator origine

Buccinator assist with closing the mouth, blowing and whistling .

Blood supply from facial and maxillary artery.
Temporalis muscles insert into coronoid process of the mandible

 Smooth muscles:spindle shaped,no T tubules,not straited,sarcoplasmic reticulum poorly

develpoed,
Satellite cell responsible for skelatel muscles regeneration.
Two T tubles lies in single skelatel muscle sarcomere
Traid= sandiwched T tubules bewteen two ciaternae.
Major regulatory protein in muscles are Troponin and Tropomyosin.
The pool ATP of creatin phosphat is about 10 time larger than that of atp,serves as a
modes reservoir of ATP.
Skeletal muscle contains about 1% glycogen


The oxidative cpacity in muscles realted to (number of capillaries,myoglobin
content,number of mitochondria)
Muscle spindle : measure lenght of muscle sensory innervated by group Ia and
II(afferen), motor innervated by gamma fibers (efferent),activate alpha motor when
stretched.
Golgi tendon(neurotendinous organs) :measure tension of muscle,innervated by group
Ib (afferent), inhibit alpha motor.

Reciprocal Inhibitation muscle contract the antagonist inhibited

Arch reflex has six basic elements and is fast because contains few neurons.

Smooth muscles has no actin only myosin and no troponin.

There is a synaptic distance in smooth muscles.

Pharyngeal pluxes (cn 9,10,11)
The muscle landmark for finding the CN9 is stylopharyngeus.
Neucleus ambiguous is the swallowing center.
Mylohyoid elevates hyoid bone base of the tongue and floor of the mouth.