Renewable Energy in Malaysia: Waste to Energy

Introduction

Malaysia has been one of Southeast Asia country with high growing rate in economy. This is
contributed to the fact that Malaysia government policy has led to further development of the
country which leading towards long-term commitment to achieved the status as developed
country by 2020 (Nor Afifah Basri, 2015). Malaysia has recorded a significant increase in
energy demand for the last two decades. These energy demand has been seen expanding in
numbers of field such as in the field of industry, transport, agricultural, and residential and
commercial. The energy demand in Malaysia has seen increment from 1.14 1012 MJ in 1999
to 1.39 1012 MJ in 2002 which record a 21.9% of increase rate. Another record seen in 2013
is the final energy demand in Malaysia is 2.16 1012 MJ (Tenaga Suruhanjaya, n.d.). Aligned
with these records, it has been predicted in 2030 Malaysia will experience the final energy
demand grow up to 4.85 1012 MJ (Peyman Abd eshahian, 2016).

The escalation of demand in energy has influence Malaysia to intensify its dependent
on fossil fuels inclusive of coal, oil and gas. But, this phenomenon has notified some concern
as the excessive use of fossil fuels equals to the increment usage of non-renewable energy and
therefore contribute to exhaustion of these resources. To curb this problem, Malaysia has
discovered a new policy to be implemented in order to protect the utilization of these resources.
The new Energy Policy constructed in the Tenth Malaysia Plan is enforced to ensure the
continuous supply of the energy resources. The objective will be achieved by stimulating high
completion for market and lowered the energy subsidy to accomplish renewable energy
objective of 985MW by 2015, accumulating electricity production by 5.5% in total generated
from various sources. Therefore, it is important for Malaysia to utilize the renewable sources
such as domestic waste, agricultural residues, farm animal waste and industrial waste to
produce energy sustainably (Nor Afifah Basri, 2015).
Technology in Malaysia

Incinerator

General Process:

The waste that been transport to incinerator is than put in waste storage called bunker. The
bunker was specially design to store waste up to few days to diverse waste to the landfill and
manage fluctuating waste during maintenance period. Due to high temperature in the
incinerator and crane help to dry the solid waste in the bunker before being move to furnace In
additional leachate drainage areas also been provided to transport leachate from the waste to
leachate treatment plant for further treatment. The waste is then being completely burn in the
furnace using moving-grade system. When the waste is complete burn, the byproduct ash
known as bottom ash is process to remove any remain metal before being transport to disposal
site. The heat that being produce by burning the waste in the furnace is being pre-cleaning
before it move to the boiler. As the incinerator is on, the water is circulate through the wall of
boiler which create steam to generate electric by turbine. The combustion gas during burning
that been pass through boiler is further treated in the scrubber. Majority of hazardous gas is
convert into salt and water where later being transfer to baghouse. The baghouse function to
filter small particle before being release at smoke stake. (Wikipedia, n.d.)

Current Incinerator Plant in Malaysia:

The most efficient incineration plant in Malaysia belongs to Core Competencies Sdn Bhd
(CCSB) Company established in 2008 that is located in Semenyih, Selangor and operates based
on refuse-derived fuel (RDF) technology which requires more pre-processing steps prior to the
actual incineration and involves four major processing steps, namely, physical separation of
incombustible materials, reduce moisture, decrease size and palletizing (to ensure size
homogeneity). The power plant is comprised of a single 8.9-MW extraction condensing turbine
generator and a 55-ton steam generator. Its boiler operates at load of 46- ton/hour and delivers
38 tons of steam to the turbine and 8 tons to the process plant at 338 lb./in2 absolute pressure
through a pressure-reducing valve to generate hot air for the waste drying step by secondary
heat exchanger (Neville, n.d.). Its actual capacity is 1000 tons of MSW/day and 8.9 MW of
electricity generation and it is currently operating on 70% of its actual capacity and exports
approximately 5MW electricity to the grid.
References
Neville, A., n.d. [Online]
Available at: https://docslide.net/documents/top-plantkajang-waste-to-energy-plant-semenyih-
malaysia.html
[Accessed 1 10 2017].

Nor Afifah Basri, A. T. R. A. b. S. A., 2015. Malaysia energy strategy towards sustainability: A
panoramic overview of the benefits and challenges. Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Volume 42,
pp. 1094-1105.

Peyman Abd eshahian, J. S. L. ,. W. S. H. ,. H. H., 2016. Potential of biogas production from farm
animal waste in Malaysia. Renewable and SustainableEnergy.

Tenaga Suruhanjaya, n.d. Statistics - Malaysia Energy Information Hub. [Online]

Available at:
http://meih.st.gov.my/statistics?p_auth=zT2ffWsb&p_p_id=Eng_Statistic_WAR_STOASPublicPortlet
&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-
1&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=2&_Eng_Statistic_WAR_STOASPublicPortlet_execution=e1s1&_E
ng_Stat
[Accessed 10 9 2017].

Wikipedia, n.d. Wikipedia -incinerator. [Online]

Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incineration
[Accessed 9 10 2017].

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 ENERGY CONVERSION ASSIGNMENT

STUDENT NAME: FAIZ FARHAN BIN FEZILI (A14MJ0027)

LECTURER: PROF. MIYAKI