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70 ) : (26 .............................. Excel
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88 ) : (30 ........................... Output
91 ) : (31 Output
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92 ) : (32 ......................... Histogram
94 ) : (33 ....................................... Line
96 ) :(34 ............................................... Pie
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101 ) : (36 ......................................... Bars
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135 ) :(41 )( .............................
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172 ) :(47 ............... Kruskal-Wallis
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135 104

150 120

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54






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56


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:

opinion Gender Nationality

Agreed Male Egypt

Neutral Female Yemen

Disagreed Female Egypt

Disagreed Female Saudi Arabia

Completely Agreed Male Yemen

Completely disagreed Female Kuwait

Neutral Male Saudi Arabia

Neutral Male Saudi Arabia

Disagreed Female Jordan

Disagreed Female Kuwait

:paa

61






. (1
: Variable View (2
:

Name .opinion (3
Type (4

:

62


. (5
(6
) (8
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Completely (disagreed 8
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Data View
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Gender (8
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64






) (
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.
:

5 Completely Agreed

4 Agreed

3 Neutral

2 Disagreed

1 Completely disagreed

1 Male

2 Female

) ( .

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65






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:

Name .opinion (3
Values (4
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:

66






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69






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Excel SPSS
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File open Data (5
:

: (6

70


- : (7
File name . Osama Rabie
Files of type ) Excel (*.xls
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open (8
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ok SPSS (9
:

72






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10 60 45 30

8 55 20 10

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@ @a@pabya
@ @bja@rna
@ @Za@bya@b@Z c
:

: Mean
: Sum
: Std. deviation
: Variance
: Range =
: Minimum
: Maximum
: S.E. Mean
: Kurtosis
: Skewness
: Median
: Mode

81






: Quartiles

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: Mean
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:

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83






(3

.

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spss :

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Std. deviation
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Continue .ok (6

84






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(spss :

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) ( :

:a@ : Statistics
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Missing
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:bra@a Frequency Percent

.Valid Percent
.Cumulative Percent

@ @pbua@b@y@Z@H30I@@kna

:paa
File . Save As (1

86


: : (2

: Save As .
File Name ] .[osama 2
Save

87






: (3

@b@@@@a@Output@pbua@b@@bna@Z@H31I@@kna
Data View@pbbja

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:

88






. Histogram
. Line
. Pie
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.Bar
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) (29 .

:paa
Graphs Histogram : (1

89






(2
. ok

Output (3
:

: .

90






Line@bja@a@@Z@H33I@@kna

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Graphs Line : (1

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:

91


(3
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Output : (4

92


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93


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Output : (4

94






Stem & Leaf@ a@ba@Z@H35I@@kna

) (29
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Analyze Descriptive Statistics (1
Explore :

var00001 . Dependent list (2

Display . Plots (3

95






: (4

Boxplots None (5
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Descriptive (6
.Stem and Leaf
Continue . (7
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Output : (9

96


@Bars@@a@@Z@H36I@@kna

SPSS :
. Simple
. Clustered
. Stacked

:
@ br
2000 2003
.

97


2003 2002 2001 2000

50 60 75 80

30 45 50 70

:la
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: (1
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98






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: (3

Clustered (4
Define
:

99


: (5
Bars Represent
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Values . Variable
Category Axis .Columns
Define Clusters by .Rows

.ok Output : (6

100


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: Define Clusters by .Rows

101


: z
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:@br :

80 60 45 40 30 20 15
60 55 35 30 20 15 12

102






:la
.Scatter

: paa
: (1

Graphs Scatter : (2

103






: ) (4 (3
Simple
Define :

Y Axis Consumpt X Axis (4

Income .ok

Scatter : (5

104


105






@ @iaa@a
@ @a@bjna@

:SPSS

One Sample T Test

******

o Mann-Whitney U Independent
o Kolmogorov Smirnov Z Samples T Test
o Moses extreme
reaction
o Wald Wolfowitz runs

o Wilcoxon Paired Samples T

o Sign Test
o McNemar

109






@ @iba@a@ibm

o Kruskal-Wallis H One Way ANOVA

o Median
o Jonckheere-Terpstra

o Friedman
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****
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. (3

110






. (4
Metric Data . (5

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: )( (3
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ANOVA. (4

) 30( (5

. Central Limit Theorem

@ @Zbjng@i@ba@a@a@pabjna@ac@@bna@a

111


)(
9 9 9
One Sample T Test

)(
9 9 9 9
Independent Samples T Test

)(
9 9 9
Paired Samples T Test

9 9 9 9 9
One Way ANOVA

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112






.
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.Kolmogorov - Smirnov (1
. Shapiro Wilk (2

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113






) (15
:

15 11 8 10 12

16 14 3 11 15

10 16 7 10 15

: bjng la

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114


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Analyze Descriptive Statistics (1

Explore :

115


var00001 Dependent List (2

Plots..
:

116






Normality Plots with tests (3
.
Continue . (4
OK Output . (5

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Output :
: (1

o Case Processing Summary

.

o Descriptives

.

o Tests of Normality
) ( ) (.

: ..... (2

:
.Tests of Normality

117






:na@wbna@m

)Sig. (P. value

0.200 15 0.156

:na@

P.value
%20 %5
.

@ @Zz

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118






Sig. P.Value ) ( ) (
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. Levene's Test

Levene's Test@anhi@bvna@bjng@ZH39I@@kna

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119







10 15 18
12 10 12
15 8 8
20 14 5
18 3 10
17 18 16
19 10 11
14 14 4
10 7 10

: ANOVA @ bjna@@by@ bvna bjn bya a

( )

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(.

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:pbbja bg

120






) Levene's Test
( :

:bjna m pa

121






Analyze Compare Means (1
One way ANOVA :

samples Dependent List (2

Codes .Factor
Options : (3

122


Homogeneity of variance test (4

Continue .
Ok . (5

pbua b pb

:
: a a .Test of Homogeneity of Variance
: bra a .ANOVA
.

:na wbna m
Levene's Test

123






)(2 )(1
)Sig. (P. value
df2 df1 Levene Statistic

0.83 24 2 0.176

:na

P.Value ) 0.83 (%83

% 5
) (.

124






@ @ba@a
@ @a@pabjna
Parametric Tests
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14 12 11 14 5 3 16 10 8 9 15

* * * * * * * 10 16 8 17

127






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( 16.
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:pbbja@bg@
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128


:bjna@m@pa
Analyze Compare Means (1
One-Sample T Test :

129


var00001 ) Test Variable(s (2

Test Value . 16
Ok . (3

: pbua@b@pb
) (3:
Za@a : Statistics

130






-:
) (N 15. (1
Missing . (2
Sum 168 : (3

:bra@a :One Sample Statistics

:
)11.2 = (Mean (1
)4.178 = (Std. Deviation (2
)1.0788 = (Std. Error Mean (3

Z@sbra@a :One-Sample Test

131






:
) (t = 4.449 - (1
:
) (t = .
= 4.449 - = 1.0788 4.8 -
) = ( df 1 (2
= 14 = 1 15
0.001 = ( P.value ) Sig (3
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= 4.8 - = 16 11.2

:na wbna m
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(Sig) P.value Mean Difference df
0.001 4.8 - 14 4.449 -

:na
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% 5
. 16

132






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133






10 11 7 10 6
3 18 15 4 7

12 17 5 12 10
10 11 10 15 14

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134







) (
Codes ) (1
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Analyze Compare Means (1
Independent Samples T Test
:

135


samples ) Test Variable(s (2

codes . Grouping Variable
Define Groups

] [ Groups 1 ) (1 (3
] [Groups 2 ) .(2
Continue .
Ok Output . (4

136






pbua b pb
:
:@a@a : Group Statistics

:
.

:bra@a : Independent Samples Test

:
: Levene's Test.

137






: )( t-test for
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) ( : )(
:
: .assumed Equal variances
: Equal variances not
.assumed

Levene's Test ) (
Sig. )(P. value .
Levene's Test ) 0.244 (%24.4 % 5
. )(
.

@ @@Zz

138






Levene's Test :

) : (H0
) (.
) : (H1
)
(.

:na wbna m

)(

)(t
(Sig) P.value
df

0.187 11.60 9.10 18 1.371 -

P.Value %18.7
% 5

.

139






Za@@ aa
.

) (15

) (10
.

).(2 P.value

@ @nn@@n@by@@HpI@bjng@ZH42I@@kna

@ @Znn@@n@@@zm@ra

) 10 (1
(

.

140






(2
) /(
.

: a bra

:

100 160
180 280
300 450
150 140
120 165
220 400
190 350
120 200

la %5

141






:nn@@n@HpI@bjng@by@@bya@a@
) (

) :(H0
.
) :(H1
.

:
H : =
0 1 2

H :
1 1 2

@Zpbbja@bg@

:

142


Zbjna@m@pa
Statistic Compare Means (1
Paired Samples :

143






before (2
after . -
Variable 1 Variable 2 Current
Selections

Paired Variables (3
.

Ok . (4

pbua@b@pb

.

:na@wbna@m

)(

Means )(t
(Sig) P.value df

0.004 172.500 268.125 7 4.168

@ @Z@na@

144






P.Value ) 0.004 (%0.4
% 5

.

)@@ a@bg@zn (
.
.

). (0.002 )(2 P.value

@ANOVA@ya@bg@@bjna@@Z@H43I@@kna

) (k ) k (.

@ @Z@ya@bg@@bjna@@b@n@na@pbz@rc

) ( .

.

: a@bra

145







:

15.00 14.00 6.00

17.00 15.00 12.00

15.00 10.00 4.00

10.00 12.00 7.00

14.00 6.00 5.00

6.00 10.00 6.00

13.00 13.00 4.00

14.00 18.00 16.00

10.00 * 7.00

15.00 * *

2.00 * *

@ @Zla

.%95

146






) : @ ya@bg@@bjna@@by@@bya@a@
(:

) :(H0 )

(.
) :(H1 )
(.

H : = =
0 1 2 3

H1:

:p
@ bbja@bg@
:

147


:bjna m pa

148






Analyze Compare Means (1
One way ANOVA :

samples Dependent List (2

Codes .Factor
Ok . (3

pbua b pb
:

149


:na wbna m
ANOVA

)(


0.036 3.816 65.113 2 130.226

* * 17.065 25 426.631

* * * 27 556.857

: P.Value ) 0.036 (%3.6

% 5

.

@@ @Zna@@

150






. :

.

SPSS ]
) [(Post Hoc .

@ja@pa@ bjn@ a@@ya@ba@@bjna@@Z@H44I@@kna

@ @@HPost HocI

.ANOVA

@ @@Zbjna@a@m@pa
) (2) (1 . (1
. ) (3 (2

151


: (3

- ) LSD (4
(.
Continue . (5

152






Ok . (6

Zu@@nm@Zpbua@b@pb
: ANOVA :
Multiple Comparisons :

:(na@pbba@u)@na@wbna@m

153






) (3 ) (2 ) (1

Sig. Sig. Sig.
)(P.Value )(P.Value )(P.Value

)(1
* * * *

)(2
* * 0.024 4.805 -

)(3
0.860 0.3409 0.024 4.464 -

@ @Zwbna@@na
:
P.Value ) 0.024 (%2.4
.%5
P.Value (%86) 0.860 .%5

154






@ @ba@a
a@pabjna
Non Parametric Tests
:bna@a@pabjna@m@pa@n@@a@a@
(1 - . Mann Whitney
(2 .Wilcoxon Test
(3 .Kruskal-Wallis
(4 .Friedman

Mann Whitney@ n@@b@bjng@ZH45I@@km

)(
.

:@br

:

) (1 :

157


10 14 7 8 16

3 7 15 14 7

) (2 :

13 6 5 12 3

10 11 10 10 14

:la
:
% 5 .

:pbbja bg

158


:pby

.

159






: ) (2
) (3 .

Zbjna@a@@ja@a a

) :(H0
.
) :(H1
.

H : =
0 1 2

H :
1 1 2

:bjna m pa

Analyze Nonparametric tests (5

2 Independent Samples :

160


: (6

161






samples Test Variable List (7
codes . Grouping Variable
Define Groups : (8

] [Groups 1 ) (2 (9
] [Groups 2 ) (3 Continue
.
(10 Ok .

:pbua b pb
:
:a a Ranks

:bra a : Test Statistics

162


:na wbna m

)Sig. ( P.Value )(Z

0.648 0.457 - 9.90 11.10

: P.Value ) 0.648 (%64.8

% 5

163







.

:@a@aa

)
(:

) ( ) (

) = (2 P.Value .

@ @@Wilcoxon Test@@bjng@ZH46I@@kna

)(
.

: br :

164


80 85
85 96
85 80
82 95

75 90
80 88
84 103
86 98

:la
Wilcoxon %5.

:bjna a ja a a a

) :(H0
.
) :(H1
.

165






:

H : =
0 1 2

H :
1 1 2

:pbbja bg

:

:bjna m pa

166






Analyze Nonparametric tests (1
2 Related Samples :

before ] after (2
[
Test Pair(s) List
.
: (3
Wilcoxon .
ok . (4

:pbua b pb
:a a Ranks

167


@ @Za@a@@b@pby

: (1
= .
) (4.93 (2
) .(1.5
) .
(.

:bra a Test Statistics

:na wbna m

168


)Sig. ( P.Value )(Z
)(- )(+
0.021 2.313 - 4.93 1.50

P.Value (%2.1) 0.021

. % 5
.

@ @Za@bg@zn


= . 0.0105 =2 P.Value

@ @Kruskal-Wallis@a@@b@bjng@ZH47I@@kna

ANOVA .

: br

169






:
:

5.00 4.00 13.00

6.00 7.00 14.00

15.00 10.00 14.00

10.00 12.00 15.00

14.00 6.00 15.00

6.00 10.00 17.00

6.00 13.00 4.00

12.00 18.00 16.00

:l
@ a
- % 5

:bjna a ja a a a

170






) :(H0 .
) :(H1
.
:pbbja bg

@ @Zpby

171







.
) (1 ) (2
) (3 .

:bjna m pa
Analyze Nonparametric tests (1
k independent Samples.. :

samples Test Variable List (2

codes . Grouping Variable
) (.
Define Groups : (3

172


Minimum ) (1 Maximum
) (3 Continue .
Ok . (4

pbua b pb
:
: a a Ranks

:bra a Test Statistics

173


:na wbna m

Sig.

2
( )
)( P.Value

0.095 4.706 9.88 10.75 16.88

P.Value (%9.5 ) 0.095

. % 5
.

:b@ @ aa
.
: ibua

174






-
Post Hoc
.

)(1
) (2 ) (1 ) (3 ) (2 ) .(3
) .
(.

@@pba@@HkI@L@Friedman@b@bjng@ZH48I@@kna
@ @na

: br

. :

%5

bjna a ja a a a

) :(H0 .

175






) :(H1
.
:pbbja bg
) ( :

:bjna m pa

Analyze Nonparametric tests (1

k Related Samples.. :

176


).Test Variable (2
(.
Ok . (3

pbua b pb
:
:a a Ranks

:bra a Test Statistics

177


:na wbna m


Sig.

2
)(P.Value
( )

0.197 3.250 1.63 1.88 2.5

P.Value (%19.7 ) 0.197

. % 5

.

z

.
) (1 ) (2

178






) (1 ) (3 ) (2 ) .(3
. -
.

179






@ @iba@a
c@@pabjna
:
(1 2 .
(2 .
(3 . Runs Test

@ @mb@i@na@a@2b@bjng@Z@H 49I@@kna
:a@bra

183


1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1

1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2

-
- 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2

-
- 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1

-
- 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2

-
- 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2

-
- 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2

184






2 1

2 1

:la

2
. %5

:pbbja bg

:

:

185


) :bjna@a@bya@a@ (:

186






) : (H0 .
) : (H1 .

:bjna@m@pa

Analyze Descriptive Statistics (1

Crosstabs... :

gender ) Row(s (2
smoking ). Column(s
. Statistics ..

: (3
187


Chi square Continue (4

.

Cells : (5

188






Counts ) Expected (6
Observed ( . Continue
.

Ok . (7

:Output pbua@b@pb

:a a : Case Processing Summary

:bra a : Crosstabulation
Count
Expected Count :

189


:sbra a : Chi Square Tests

190






na wbna m
2

)Sig.(P.value ) (
2

0.765 0.089 1

P.Value (%76.5) 0.765

% 5
.

@ @na@@@@u@bjng@Z@H50I@@kna

.
................

b@i SPSS :
: .

191






[. : Test ] 2
2

:
.Normal Distribution o
.Uniform Distribution o
.Exponential Distribution o
.Poisson Distribution o

: br

.%5

192


:bjna a ja a a a

) : (H0 .
) : (H1 .

:bjna m pa

Analyze Nonparametric Tests (1

1-Sample K-S :

193


-
Normal Poisson
) .

(.
var0001 Test Variable List (2
Ok . (3

Output pbua b pb

194


na wbna m

)Sig.(P.value )K- S (Z N ) (
0.445 0.863 12 135.8333

:
P.Value (%44.5) 0.445
% 5
.

@ @Runs Test@paa@bjng@Z@H51I@@kna

195






.

.

: br

%5
.

:bjna@a@ja@a@a@a@

) : (H0 .
) : (H1 .

:bjna@m@pa

196






Analyze Nonparametric Tests (1
Runs :

Z@z

Runs Test
Cut Point .
:

Median o
Mean o
Mode o
Custom o

197






.
-
) Median (.

var0001 Test Variable List (2

Ok . (3

Output pbua@b@pb

:Runs Test

na@wbna@m
Runs Test

198







)Sig.(P.value )(Z Runs )(

0.703 0.382 - 4 11

:na@
P.Value ) 0.703 (%70.3
% 5
.

199