UDG 821.882.54-034,14 : 621.862.2 : 620.1 October 1987: Fasteners i Technical delivery conditions Steel spring washers for bolt/nut assemblies Mechanische Verbindungslemente; technische Lieferbedingungen; Federelemente aus Federstahl fir Schraubenverbindungen Ja keeping with current practice in standards published by the Internetional Organization for Standardization (150), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker. 1 Scope and field of application specified in the relevant product standard (e.g, by spect is fying “phosphated and oiled", denoted by Znphr . . . f), ‘This standard applies to steel spring washers for use with . 5 bolt/nut assemblies and dealt with in the following OF particutar agreements have been mack standards: DIN 267 Part 9 shall apply for electroplated coatings. DIN 127 Spring lock washers with tang ends and square Note. Hydrogen-induced embrittlement cannot be ruled ends ‘out when employing current methods of ap: DIN 128 Curved end wove spring lock weshers lying metal costings from aqueous solutions DIN 137 Curved and wave or a wedh {see DIN 267 Part 9}. As there is even an increased ibe : ering risk of embrittlement in the case of components DIN 6796 Conicat spring washers for bolt/nut assemblies with a hardness of 400 HV or more, particular DIN 6904 Spring washers for screw assemblies care is to be taken when selecting the material, DIN 6805 Spring lock washers for sorew assemblies and in connection with heat treatment and surtace DIN 6808 Conical spring washers for screw assemblies treatment. DIN 6913 Spring lock washers with safety ring 3. Material DIN 7880 Spring lock washers for cheese head bolts It is recommended that this standard also be apptied for steel spring washers for boit/nut acsemblies which have not been standardized, ‘the grade being at the manufacturer's discretion, This Spring washers made from materials other then spring requirement shall also apply where the documentation steel are not the subject of this standard, does not specify any material. Spring washers tor bott/ Note. Steel spring washers serve to counteract the loss ‘ut assemblies, n the hardened end tempered condition, in inherent tension caused by setting or creep of shall have a hardness as specified in table 1, 4 bolt/nut assembly provided that they are Table 1. Hardness ~ sufficiently resilient to increase the overall resilience of the assembly and that thelr inherent | Type of spring washer Hardness springiness ean compensate for any loss in tension ->——————-—-——_______] so that the clamping force required to ensure the | Spring lock washers HV 430 to 530 reliability of the assembly is maintained, ‘There may be a relative movernent between bolt |_SPring washers HV 430 t0 880 and nut if the friction between the clamped ‘components is overcome by transverse forces. If this does occur, loosening of the assembly cannot be prevented by spring washers. 4 Testing Thus, when using these components, it should be 4-1 Testing for accuracy to size and finish checked whether the spring washers may usefully The specifications of DIN 267 Part § shall apply for bbe applied as the elements maintaining the acceptance inspection with retpect to the accuracy to clamping force. size of spring washers. 2. General requirements Table 2 hail apply forthe characteris and tne AQL The effectiveness of spring washers in bolt/nut assembliet Table 2, AL values depends on the material (see clause 3] and on whether the test criteria specified in clause 4 are complied with. Characteristic AGL value Spring washers shall have a smooth surface and be free from scale and burrs. The surface roughness should be internal dismeter pacified in the product standards where required. In the | Width of spring lock weshors 25 delivered condition, spring washers shall have a rust Washer thickness protection. Free height DIN 267 Pare shall apply for the surtace finish of spring | EXt#/nal diameter of spring washers washers in the 9s delivered condition, uniess otherwise £0 conical spring wathere Spring washers shall be made of spring steel (FSt} complying with the specifications af DIN 17 221 or 19 stee!| with equivalent properties, Conical spring washers HV 420 to 510 Continued on pages Z £0 10 32Page 2. DIN 267 Part 26 4.2. Testing the mechanical properties and materials The mechanical properties shall ba testad as specitiod in subelauses 4.2.1 t0 4.2.5, 4.2.1 Hardness tasting DIN 50133 shall apply for the Vickers hardness test, DIN 50 103 Part 1 for the Rockwall hardness test, and DIN 50 150 for the conversion of hardness values, In the case of spring washers, the value shall be measured, Where possible, in the micdle of the washer surface at the point of contact with the supporting surface, In the case of conical spring washers, the vaiue shall ba measured, where possible, in the midale of the washer surface, The supporting surface on which the measure: ment is made shall be hard, {mn the case of spring lock washers, a number of washers shall be threaded, with the gap facing downwards, on a bolt, and clamped. The spring lack washer assembly. shall then be placed in a V-block and ground down in reparation for hardness testing, 422 Test for permanent set The spring washer to be tested shall be compressed between hardened, flat ground washers {with a hardness Table 3. Test for permanent sot of spring lock washers of not lass than 60 HRC) for two minutes using the compression londs specified in tables 3 to § (and deter- mined io accordance with VDI 2230 Part 1, assuming a ccetficient of friction in the thread, a, of 0,12), and applying = Proof loads corresponding to those for bolts of Property class 6.8 in the case of spring lock wathers, ~ Proof loads cortessonding to those for bolts of Property class 6.8 in the case of spring washers, and ~ proof toads corresponding to those for bolts of Property class 8.8 in the case of conical spring washers. The free height of the washers (height after release of pressure) shall not be less than the values specified in tables 3 t0 5, 4.2.3 Permanent load test for spring lock washers and spring washers ‘Ten spring fock washers or spring washers, threaded on. @ bolt and separated from one another by parallel-faced washers (hardened to at least 500 HV), shall not be fractured or cracked after 48 hours conditioning at ambient temperature under the compression loads specified in tables 3 and 4, Nomina! size (+ bolt thread size) 2 28 = aa ‘ 5 8 Comaresson toad, 700 mie | 1760 | 2370 | 080 | 5050 | 7050 DIN 127, oe | 4 13 13 14 19 26 ON 128 idisimumn RRS os o7 085 oes | oes | a 18 inn owes) | - 1 ar | om | eas] ape Tat mn 6913 2 a y a a 2 a in 7980 = = 16 16 19 25 26 Nominal sz | ] jominal size 7 (= bolt taread size) 7 ® % @ * 6 & Compression toad, #000 | 12800 | 20600 | 0000 | «1300 | sea00 | sooo oN 127 25 | aa 35 2 | 48 56 56 OWN 128 3 36 36 iaiusum. fee 18 2 228 265 teehoh". Geese as | a | age Pe 7 TS DIN 6913 a y | 4 Ta 2 a) a} nN 7060 - [oa Fi «Lee ae For") and 2), see page 3 33DIN 267 Pert 26 Page 3 Table 3 concluded}. . Nominal size | 2 24 a7 2 | a | os (bot treed ize) = | | I remreet | man | vom | woo | wow | moo | raw | mee | Din 127 se | ee | 8 3 98 = 96 2 t { 3 ae Din 128 420 | 42 58 5 78 - 76 Minimum — {type A) I | 3 i free height, On soos = = ns = iamm bin | L. ~ | DIN 6913, » | 4a a toa |» [a ta ow To80 va | 7 | 8) @ | es | as ae 1) As deviation from the specifications of the product standards for washers and lock washers for screw assemblies, the bolt thread size instead of the inside diameter shall be used as the relevant nominal size. 2) No values specified at present. Table 4. Test for permanent set of spring wathers ‘Nominal size T 5 6 (= bolt thread size) 4 | . Comprestion load, 140 zoo) 2700 4400 en50 DIN 187 ] Minimum {type 8) bd om 4 i 1 8 free height, : = ic on e804) og 1 15 16 185 Nominal size ] - ; Sornpreaion: load. 3000 11300 18000 26300 It 36100 49200 | 60000 Ow var i | | ; « 24 28 3 12 33 Minimam (type BD ° ei | | ° free height, ~ - 7 Hem on esos) | 22 22 24 28 - - - Nominal size (= bolt thread size) 2 2 4 ar ° se 8 Compression toa, 78000 | 97000 | 111009 | 146000 | 170000 | 222000 | 281 000 in ' DIN 737 : 8 ‘tininome « E, a7 a9 a4 a7 5 83 5 freoheign, veh ~ a res : inmm "pineoomn | - fe - s - - For 1), see table 3 34Page 4 DIN 267 Part 26 42.4 Permanent oad test for conical spring washers Ten conical spring washers, threacled with alternating orientation an a bolt and separated from one another by parallel faced washers {hardened to at least 500 HV), shail not be fracturad after 48 hours conditioning at a temperature of + 100°C under the compression loads specified in tabla 8, nor shall the fren height be mora than 2% below the values specifiad in table 5, Table 5. Test for permanent set of conicat spring washers Nominal size [= bolt thread size) 3 28 : ccs ® s Compression load, a 920 1840 2350 9180 4050 6700 9400 | | Minimum DIN 8796 os 08 or Cee) 17 free height, - - ~ inmm "pa 6908") - 1 12 12 | 1s 1 2 Nominal size colt thread size) oy 8 te 1a ‘ we | Comergssion ai. 13700 17200 | 27500 } 40000 | ss000 | 75000 | 95000 in I | | Minima 01 8706 2 | oan [oa [oo | as | os free height, t + inmm DIN 6908") 23 28 | 28 33 - - - z | Nominal size 4 bolt thread size) 20 a 2 as sil Commpesssion: toad, 122000 {| 152000 178000 230000 280000 Minimum IN 6798 56 a1 68 72 a {ree height, inmm —pinesos» | - - - ' . . For 1}, sce tabte 3, 4.2.5 Twist test for spring lock washers Saring lock washers shail not fracture when twisted through 90° (see figure 1). Figure 2. Beng the spring tock washer slowly and gradually, taking precautions to prevent injuries from any flying splinters. The clamping jaws shall be approximately 0,5 d apart, their edues shall be slightly rounded (see figure 2). 35DIN 267 Part 26 Page 5 42.6 Spring force test A spring force test may be carried out in order to assess the springiness of spring washers, this test permitting the residual spring force to be determined, Place the washer to be tested in a test device and apply the compression load specified in table 7, 8 or &, the test device baling designed to permit a¢ uniform an application of the load as possible. The pressure platen shall have a surface hard ness of at least 60 HAC. After two minutes, the load applied to the spring washer shall be slowly and steadily released ‘through 2 travel of 20 um, which shall be measured using a precision measuring device (see Explanatory notes). ‘The residual spring force shall reach the values spec'tied in table 7, 8 or 9, due allowance being made for any deformation of the test device. ‘The Explanatory notes describe a suitable test device and include examples of spring characteristics. ‘The residual spring force values represent provisional specifications, with which experience has to be gained. Table 6 summarizes the residual spring forces required for all washer types. Table 6. Compression toad : Re: ring force after relea Type of As specified in| c>resBonding tothe | Resdvel soins Fores after elene through wather proof load for . | properireias | Baountge ofthe competion load DIN 127 20% for nominal sizes 4to 5 Spring in 128 type a | say 30% for nominal sizes 800 12 lock washer Dat eens | 40% for nominal sizes 14 to 20 0% for nominal sizes above 22 DIN 7080 & oh icone 10% for nominal sizes 4t0 6 Spring washer peo. 58 15% for nominal sizes 7 to 12 25% for nominal sizes above 12 35% for nominal sizes 4t0 6 IN 6796 a 45% for nominal sizes 6 to 16 DIN 6908 80% for nominal sizes 18 to 22 70% for nominal sizes above 22 lies involving fasteners of a property class less Iso to be tested at compression loads corresponding to property class 6.8 proof loads, 2) The residual spring force values have been determined on conical spring washers complying with DIN 6796. ‘Table 7. Spring lock washers as specified in DIN 127, DIN 128 (type A), DIN 6905“), DIN 6913, DIN 7980 Nominaliie | @ ] 58 | 8 | ® | w | a | we ] ae [ve feostrinw | 20% | 080 | 7080 | 12500 | aoe | a0000 | «1300 | s8000 | coon | ‘600 1000 2100 | 3900 6200 9000 | 16500 | 22600 | 27600 l | Nominalsze [20 22 om 30 a) 8 Ramatiey | weoo | 110c0o | -27a00 eroo | 20x00 | 255c00 | a9a0o0 nica resiun | i magi | em | seen | somo | um | sono | rear | ua mw 1) Corresponding to property class 6.8, 2) Nominal size not included in DIN 127 and DIN 128 (type Al. “) As deviation trom the specifications of the product standards tor washers and lock washers for screw assemblies, the bolt thread size instead of the washer or lock washer inside diameter shall be used at the relevant nominal size. 36Page 5 DIN 267 Part 26 Table 8. Spring washers as specified in DIN 137 (type 8), DIN 6904 *) Nominal size “ 3 «|? |e 10 12 4 16 Compresion | argq ta000 | 26200 | v6100 | 49200 Minimum residual | j springtoree, | 270 | 400 | ois | 38 | 1700 | 2700 | ss00 | cen 2300 inn | | i Nominalae | 8 20 ma a 2 wo 5 36 fasten | 82000 | ra000 | exec | 1s1000 | 148000 | izao0a | zzso0a | aaron Minimum residual i | springtoree, | 19000 | 19800 | 24200 | zrsco | ssseo | aasoo ) 55700 | es200 i | i 1) Gertesponaing te property class 6 Table 9. Conical spring washer 8 soacified in DIN 6786, DIN 6908") Nominaise | * | 8 | @ [| 7 | ® [0 To] w]e Seas | soso | srao | soo | sar | srz00 | zrsoo | s0cce | esoon | 75000 Minimum residual he | spring force, 1400 2300 4200 | 6200 7700 | 12400 | 18000 | 25000 | 34000 ae Norninat size 18 20 2 om a} 0 + Comerewsion | sgo00 vsaceo seo | 5000 | ae | sooo ean een ‘pring force, | 57000 73.000 1000 | s22000 161000 , = aN 1} Corresponding to property class 8.8. 5 Form of supply Steel spring washers shall be packed to give adequate protection against mechanical damage during transport. The packages shall be marked with the standard designation specified in the relevant procuct standard, e.g DIN 127—A8~ Fst The number of units in the package and the manufacturer's symbol shat! also be stated on the package. ) As a deviation from the specifications of the produet standards for washers and tock washars for serew assemblies, the bolt thread size instead of the washer or lock washer inside diameter shall be used as the relevant nominal size. a7Standards and other documents referred to DIN 267 Part 26 Page 7 DIN 127 Spring lock washers with tang ends and square ends DIN 128 Curved and wave spring lock washers DIN 137 Curved and wave spring washers DIN 267Part1 DIN 267PartS Fastener 1984 edition) Fastener DIN 267Partg technical delivery conditions; Fasteners; technical delivery conditions, general requirements technical delivery conditions; acceptance inspection {modified version of ISO 3269, .ctroplated fasteners technical delivery conditions DIN 6796 Conical spring washers for bolt/nut assemblies DIN 6904 Spring washers for screw assemblies DIN 6805 Spring lock washers for screw essemblies DIN 5908 Conical spring weshers for screw assemblies DIN 6913 Spring lock washers with safety ring DIN. 7980 Spring lock washers for cheese head bolts DIN 17221 Hot rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs: quality specifications DIN 17222 Cold rolied steel strips for s DIN 50103 Part 1 Testing of metallic materials; Rockwell hardness testing, C, A, 8, F scales DIN 50133 ‘Testing of metallic materials; Vickers hardness testing; HV 0,2 t0 HV 100 DIN 50150 Testing of st tensile strength ‘VDI 2230 Part 1 Explanatory notes Specifications relating to technical delivery conditions which include component testing are already to be found in a number of DIN Standards dealing with steel spring ‘washers for bolt/nut assemblies. Such tests, however, did not provide sufficient information with regard to the function and effectiveness of washers in service. Infor: ‘mation on function in service is, however, required in ‘the standards as part of product information and in respect of the manufacturer's liability. The standards concerned have thus been revised and the technical Gelivery conditions collated in this standard, The revision of the standards relating to washers for use with screw. assemblies had not been completed at the time this standard was published. Most of the specifications relating 10 material and hardness, which only apply to washers made of spring steel, have been left unchanged. In the case of spring ‘washers made from materials other than spring steel, they shall be checked to ensure shat with regard to the mechanical properties and corrosion benaviour (ineom+ patibility of materials, crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion) ‘they are suitable for the given application, ‘The residual spring forces specitied are based on tests and the relevant technical literature, but are not as yet sufficiently substantiated for them 0 be made mandatory for acceptance inspection at present, Before mandatory data can be specified, further experience and test results are needed to obtain a statistically substantiated evalu- ‘The same compression loads used for the permanent set and permanent toad tests apply as for the spring force test When determining the spring charecteristic of spring washers. as part of the spring force test, the effect of the elastic deformation of the test device is to be allowed for 38 I and cast steel; conversion tables for Vickers, Brinell and Rockwell hardness, and Calculation of high-strength bolt/nut assemblies; cylindrical single bolt/nut assemblies bby deducting the spring travel originating in the test device from the overall travel (i.e, that of spring washer ‘and test device). The relief characteristic for the test device is to be determined as follows. Place a plain washer instead of a spring washer in the test device (see figure.4 for example}, the plain washer being lapped on both sides and having a tolerance on paral: lolism not exceeding 1 ym and than 700 HV. The washer outside diameter and thickness) shall be identical to those of the spring washer to be tested, Plot the relief charac- teristic of the test device starting at the compression loads specified if tables 7 to 9. It is essential that parallet- faced washers having the same dimensions as the spring Washers to be tested be used when recording the relief characteristic of the test device, as differentsized washers will give different characteristics. In figure 3, the continuous line represents the total iet characteristic of spring lock washer plus test device for a DIN127—A12— FSt spring lock washer measured under » compression load of 3OKN, and the dashed line, the relief characteristic of the device only. ‘A segment of the relief characteristic of the spring lock washer obteined by subtraction of the two curves is plotted es a chain tine, To avoid any reversibility error of the force measuring device and the travel gauge, the values of compression load specified in tables 2 10 4 may be exceeded by 5% when applying the load. The starting point for meas uring the 20 1m travel shall, however, be the compres sion load specifi Although the 20 ym travel is in most cases larger than the probable amount of settino of a bolt /nut assembly due to surface roughness and coatings, this travel can be reproduced in the test with relatively greater accuracy