CNS

NEUROLOGIC DRUGS

DOC FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER LITHIUM

DOC FOR PARKINSONS DISEASE LEVODOPA - DOPAMINE WILL NOT CROSS THE
BBB
CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONIST USED BENZTROPINE - REDUCES TREMORS
IN THE TREATMENT OF
PARKINSON'S DISEASE
TIC DOLOREUX/TRIGEMINAL CARBAMAZEPINE
NEURALGIA

ABSENCE SEIZURES ETHOSUXIMIDE/VALPROIC ACID

INFANTILE SPASMS ACTH

PARTIAL SEIZURES CARBAMAZEPINE

STATUS EPILEPTICUS DIAZEPAM

MIGRAINE ERGOTAMINE

SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE NIMODIPINE (TO PREVENT VASOSAPSM)

CARDIAC DRUGS
ANTI-HYPERTENSIVES
ANTICOAGULANTS/ANTI-PLATELETS
LIPID LOWERING AGENTS

WHY ARE ANTI-LIPID DRUGS GIVEN TO PATIENTS STATINS STABILIZE THE PLAQUES
WITH UNSTABLE ANGINA?
OBSOLETE DRUG FOR HTN, MAY CAUSE SUICIDAL RESERPINE - NERVE TERMINAL BLOCKER
IDEATION
VASODILATOR THAT MAY CAUSE CYANIDE TOXICITY NITROPRUSSIDE
DOC HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCY SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE
VASODILATOR FOR HYPERTENSION AND ALOPECIA MINOXIDIL

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(MALE PATTERN BALDNESS)
MINOXIDIL - CAN CAUSE HYPERTRICHOSIS OR
EXCESSIVE HAIR GROWTH
BLOCK VOLTAGE GATED L TYPE CALCIUM CHANNELS VERAPAMIL (DILTIAZEM)
IN THE HEART. FOR SUPRAVENTRICULAR
TACHYCARDIA. HAS A SIDE EFFECT OF GINGIVAL
HYPERPLASIA
DOC FOR PRINZMETAL'S ANGINA CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER - DILTIAZEM
NON-DIHYDROPYRIDINE CCB USED TO TREAT DILTIAZEM
ANGINA AND RAYNAUD'S PHENEMENON
SHORT ACTING NITRATE THAT AFFECTS VEINS MORE NITROGLYCERIN
WHAT IS THE ETIOLOGY OF NITRATE INDUCED MENINGEAL ARTERY VASODILATION
HEADACHE?
DOC ANGINA/CHEST PAIN NITRATES (IDEALLY SUBLINGUAL)
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ASPIRIN (SALICYLATES)
MOST COMMON CAUSE OF BRADYKININ INDUCED CAPTOPRIL - ACE INHIBITOR
COUGH. ALSO DELAYS PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC
NEPHROPATHY
LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE / AMI ACE INHIBITOR
FOR PULMONARY EDEMA FUROSEMIDE
RENIN ANTAGONIST. DRUG FOR HYPERTENSION ALISKIREN
CLASS 1 ANTIARRHYTHMIC WITH LUPUS LIKE PROCAINAMIDE - USED ESPECIALLY AFTER AN MI
SYNDROME AS A SIDE EFFECT
CLASS 1 ANTIARRHYTHMIC THAT CAN CAUSE DISOPYRAMIDE
MARKED ANTIMUSCARINIC EFFECTS
CLASS 1 ANTIARRHYTHMIC THAT CAN ALSO BE USED QUINIDINE
FOR MALARIA. SES OF CINCHONISM AND
AUTOIMMUNE REACTIONS (ITP)
DRUG FOR CLASS 1A ANTIARRHYTHMICS TO SODIUM LACTATE
REVERSE DRUG INDUCED ARRHYTHMIAS
LEAST CARDIOTOXIC ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC. DOC FOR LIDOCAINE - CLASS 1B ANTIARRHYTHMIC
VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS POST MI AND DIGOXIN
INDUCED ARRHYTHMIAS.
CONTRAINDICATED FOR POST MI ARRHYTHMIAS FLECAINIDE - CLASS 1C ANTIARRHYTHMIC. USED FOR
REFRACTORY ARRHYTHMIAS.
POST MI PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST SUDDEN DEATH, PROPANOLOL - CLASS 2 ANTI ARRHYTHMIC
CAN ALSO BE USED FOR THYROTOXICOSIS
USUALLY GIVEN FOR A-FIBRILLATION, HALLMARK IS CLASS 3 ANTIARRHYTHMICS
PROLONGATION OF AP DURATION AND INCREASE IN
QT INTERVAL
BETA BLOCKER ANTIARRHYTHMIC THAT HAS CLASS 3 SOTALOL
PROPERTIES
A SUPER ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC WITH A SE OF AMIODARONE - CLASS 3 ANTI ARRHYTHMIC. USED FOR
MICROCRYSTALLINE DEPOSITS IN CORNEA AND REFRACTORY ARRHYTHMIAS
SKIN
DOC FOR SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA ADENOSINE
ALTERNATE: VERAPAMIL
CONDITION INDUCED BY ANTIARRHYTHMICS WHERE TORSADES DE POINTES
THERE IS POLYMORPHIC VENTRICULAR
TACHYCARDIA ON ECG
INCREASE NUMBER OF HIGH AFFINITY LDL STATINS
RECEPTORS WHICH CLEAR LDL AND VLDL REMNANTS
FROM THE BLOOD
REVERSIBLE COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR OF HMG COA SIMVASTATIN - GIVEN BEFORE BEDTIME
REDUCTASE
BINDS BILE ACIDS, PREVENTING THEIR CHOLESTYRAMINE - BILE ACID BINDING RESIN,
REABSORPTION AND INCREASING CHOLESTEROL MODESTLY LOWERS LDL LEVELS
UTILIZATION FOR REPLACEMENT
A TRANSPORT PROCESS IN JEJUNAL ENTEROCYTES NPC1L1 TRANSPORTER
THAT MEDIATES GI UPTAKE OF CHOLESTEROL AND
PHYTOSTEROLS. INHIBITED BY EZETIMIBE
CHOLESTEROL ANALOG. TAKES THE PLACE OF SITOSTEROL
DIETARY AND BILIARY CHOLESTEROL, DECREASING
INTESTINAL ABSORPTION
MOST EFFECTIVE AGENT FOR INCREASING HDL NIACIN
LEVELS
PRE TREATMENT WITH THIS DRUG REDUCES NIACIN ASPIRIN

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ASSOCIATED FLUSHING
ACTIVATES PPAR ALPHA AND INCREASES GEMFIBROZIL - LOWERS TRIGLYCERIDES, INCREASES
EXPRESSION OF LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE AND HDL
APOLIPOPROTEINS. DOC FOR
HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA.
DISADVANTAGE OF FIBRATE + RESIN INCREASED RISK OF CHOLELITHIASIS
DISADVANTAGE OF STATIN + FIBRATE INCREASED RISK OF MYOPATHY AND RHABSOMYOLYSIS
COMBINATIONS FOR FAMILIAL NIACIN + STATIN, STATIN + EZETIMIBE
HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA

ANTICOAGULANTS

DRUGS USE MAINLY FOR THE PREVENTION AND
TREATMENT OF VENOUS THROMBOSIS
ANTICOAGULANT THAT INHIBITS VIT K EPOXIDE
REDUCTASE, USED FOR CHRONIC ANTICOAGULATION
MOA: WARFARIN
MOA: HEPARIN
LABORATORY TO BE MONITORED IN PATIENTS TAKING
WARFARIN
HEPARIN - RAPID (MINUTES), WARFARIN - SLOW
(DAYS)
HEPARIN VS WARFARIN: ONSET?
LABORATORY TO BE MONITORED IN PATIENTS TAKING
ASPIRIN
VITAMIN K DEPENDENT CLOTTING FACTORS
CAUSES A SEVERE INFUSION REACTION WHEN
ADMINISTERED TOO FAST (DYSPNEA, CHEST AND
BACK PAIN)
ANTICOAGULANT THAT BINDS AND POTENTIATES
EFFECT OF ANTITHROMBIN III ON FACTOR XA (MORE
SELECTIVE)
DRUG THAT IS NEXT IN LINE IF THE PATIENT HAS AN
ASPIRIN ALLERGY
ANTICOAGULANTS - INHIBIT FORMATION OF FIBRIN
CLOTS
WARFARIN - SE OF WARFARIN INDUCED SKIN
NECROSIS, HAS A NARROW THERAPEUTIC WINDOW
WARFARIN - IMPAIRS POST TRANSLATIONAL
MODIFICATION OF FACTORS X IX VII II (1972)
HEPARIN - ACTIVATES ANTITHROMBIN III
PROTHROMBIN TIME
HEPARIN - BLOOD, WARFARIN - LIVER
HEPARIN - RAPID (MINUTES), WARFARIN - SLOW
(DAYS)
BLEEDING TIME
FACTORS II, VII, IX, X
VITAMIN K - ANTIDOTE TO WARFARIN, CAN ALSO
PREVENT HEMORRHAGIC DIATHESES IN NEWBORNS
ENOXAPARIN - LESS RISK OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA (VS
HEPARIN), DOES NOT REQUIRE MONITORING WITH PTT
CLOPIDOGREL - IRREVERSIBLY INHIBITS BINDING OF
ADP TO PLATELET RECEPTORS

ANTIPLATELET DRUG THAT INHIBITS DIPYRIDAMOLE - BY ITSELF HAS LITTLE OR NO

PHOSPHODIESTERASE III AND INCREASES CAMP, CAN BENEFIT, CONTRAINDICATED IN HEART FAILURE
ALSO CAUSE VASODILATION
THROMBOLYTIC DRUG THAT HAS A SE OF CEREBRAL ALTEPLASE (STREPTOKINASE) - CONVERTS
HEMORRHAGE PLASMINOGEN TO PLASMIN, DEGRADES THE FIBRIN
AND FIBRINOGEN
ANTICOAGULATION IN PATIENTS WITH HEPARIN LEPIRUDIN - BINDS TO THROMBIN'S ACTIVE SITE AND
INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA INHIBITS ITS ENZYMATIC ACTION
DRUG THAT INCREASES THE FACTOR VIII ACTIVITY OF DESMOPRESSIN - VASOPRESSIN V2 RECEPTOR
PATIENTS WITH MILD HEMOPHILIA A OR VON AGONIST (ADH AGONIST)
WILLEBRAND DISEASE
ANTIPLATELET DRUG THAT INTERFERES WITH ABCIXIMAB - USED DURINGPCII TO PREVENT
GPIIB/IIIA BINDING TO FIBRINOGEN THROMBOSIS
USED FOR ANEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC RENAL EPOETIN ALFA
FAILURE

DIURETICS

DIURETIC THAT INHIBITS NA/CL TRANSPORTER IN HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE

DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
LOOP DIURETIC THAT INHIBITS NA/K/CL FUROSEMIDE
TRANSPORTER IN THE THICK ASCENDING LIMB OF
THE LOOP OF HENLE
SITE OF ACTION OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

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INHIBITORS (ACETAZOLAMIDE)
WHY IS ACETAZOLAMIDE USED IN TREATING ACETAZOLAMIDE CAUSES METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
MOUNTAIN SICKNESS RESULTING TO INCREASED RESPIRATION
SITE OF URIC ACID TRANSPORT PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
SITE OF ACTION OF LOOP DIURETICS, SITE OF CA THICK ASCENDING LIMB OF THE LOOP OF HENLE
AND MG REABSORPTION
SITE OF ACTION OF THIAZIDE DIURETICS, PUMPS NA DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
AND CL OUT OF THE LUMEN VIA THE NA/CL CARRIER
CALCIUM IS REABSORBED IN THIS SEGMENT UNDER DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
THE CONTROL OF PTH
SITE OF ACTION OF POTASSIUM SPARING CORTICAL COLLECTING DUCT
DIURETICS
STEROID INHIBITORS OF CYTOPLASMIC SPIRONOLACTONE - POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETIC
ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR IN CCD. CAN CAUSE
GYNECOMASTIA
RETAINS WATER IN TUBULE BY REDUCING MANNITOL - OSMOTIC DIURETIC
REABSORPTION IN PROXIMAL TUBULES,
DESCENDING LIMB OF THE LOOP OF HENLE AND
COLLECTING DUCTS
SITE OF ACTION OF ADH AGONISTS AND MEDULLARY COLLECTING DUCT
ANTAGONISTS

NSAIDS
ANTI-RHEUMATIC DRUGS
EICOSANOIDS

FIRST LINE TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC GOUT ALLOPURINOL - ALLOXANTHINE IRREVERSIBLY INHIBITS
XANTHINE OXIDASE AND LOWERS PRODUCTION OF URIC
ACID
XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR USED IF THE FEBUXOSTAT
PATIENT HAS AN ALLOPURINOL INTOLERANCE
DOC ACUTE GOUTY ARTHRITIS COLCHICINE
MOA OF COLCHICINE INHIBITS MICROTUBULE ASSEMBLY - MAY CAUSE
AGRANULOCYTOSIS, HEPATIC NECROSIS
DOC CHRONIC GOUT ALLOPURINOL
DOC MEDITERRANEAN FEVER COLCHICINE
ARTHRITIS + HISTORY OF PEPTIC ULCER COX-1 INHIBITOR (CELECOXIB)
RECOMMENDED ANALGESIC FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS ACETAMINOPHEN
SELECTIVELY INHIBITS COX 3, MILD ANALGESIC AND PARACETAMOL
ANTIPYRETIC
COX INHIBITOR KNOWN FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ROFECOXIB (VIOXX)
TOXICITY
MOA: ASPIRIN NONSELECTIVE, IRREVERSIBLE COX 1 AND 2 INHIBITOR.
REDUCES PLATELET PRODUCTION OF THROMBOXANE A2
AT WHAT DOSES DO ASPIRIN PRODUCE ANTI- HIGH DOSES (2400-4000 MG/D)
INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS?
WHAT IS THE TOXIC AND LETHAL DOSE OF ASPIRIN? ASPIRIN - TOXIC DOSE OF 150MG/KG, LETHAL DOSE OF
500MG/KG
NSAID AND ANTIPLATELET DRUG THAT IS ASPIRIN - PREVENTS URIC ACID EXCRETION
CONTRAINDICATED IN GOUT
FULMINANT LIVER FAILURE NOTED AFTER A CHILD REYES SYNDROME
WITH A VIRAL INFECTION (E.G. INFLUENZA) WAS
GIVEN ASPIRIN
WHAT IS THE TRIAD OF ASPIRIN HYPERSENSITIVITY? SAMTER TRIAD - ASTHMA, ASPIRIN SENSITIVITY, NASAL
POLYPS
MECHANISM OF ASPIRIN INTOXICATION THAT LEADS UNCOUPLING OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
TO HAGMA (HIGH ANION GAP METABOLIC ACIDOSIS)
WHAT IS THE PRESENTATION OF ASPIRIN ADULTS - RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS WITH HAGMA,
INTOXICATION IN ADULTS? CHILDREN? CHILDREN - HAGMA ONLY
GIVEN TO CHILDREN WITH KAWASAKI DISEASE IN ASPIRIN
ORDER TO PREVENT CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
ANTI-PLATELET OF CHOICE IN SECONDARY STROKE ASPIRIN
PREVENTION
URICOSURIC AGENT THAT COMPETES WITH URIC PROBENECID - MAY PRECIPITATE ACUTE GOUT DURING
ACID FOR REABSORPTION IN THE PROXIMAL EARLY PHASE OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION (CO
TUBULES ADMINISTER WITH COLCHICINE)

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NSAID USED TO CLOSE PDA INDOMETHACIN - NONSELECTIVE REVERSIBLE COX 1
AND 2 INHIBITOR, INHIBITS PROSTAGLANDIN
SYNTHESIS
NSAID THAT IS COMMONLY USED IN THE INITIAL INDOMETHACIN - INHIBIT URATE CRYSTAL
TREATMENT OF GOUT AS THE REPLACEMENT FOR PHAGOCYTOSIS
COLCHICINE
DRUG USED FOR POST SURGICAL ANALGESIC KETOROLAC - NONSELECTIVE REVERSIBLE COX 1 AND 2
CONTROL. THE ONLY IV NSAID, USE RESTRICTED TO INHIBITOR, INHIBITS PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS
72HRS ONLY
DMARD THAT MAY CAUSE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA, SULFASALAZINE - SULFAPYRIDINE INHIBITS THE
METHEMOGLOBINIA AND REVERSIBLE INFERTILITY RELEASE OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES
IN MEN
DMARD OF FIRST CHOICE TO TREAT RHEUMATOID METHOTREXATE - INHIBITS AICAR TRANSFORMYLASE
ARTHRITIS AND THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE, MAY CAUSE A
PSEUDOLYMPHOMATOUS REACTION
DMARD THAT MAY CAUSE REVERSIBLE MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL - INHIBITS INOSINE
MYELOSUPPRESSION MONOPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE AND T CELL
LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION
DMARD USED DURING TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION CYCLOSPORINE - INHIBITS IL 1 AND 2 RECEPTOR AND T
CELL RESPONSIVENESS
DMARD AND CANCER CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE - FORMS PHOSPHORAMIDE
THAT MAY CAUSE HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS. RESCUE MUSTARD, WHICH CROSS LINKS DNA TO PREVENT CELL
AGENT IS MESNA REPLICATION. ALSO SUPPRESSES T AND B CELL
FUNCTION
DMARD USED TO TREAT RA AND IBD BUT MAY CAUSE AXATHIOPRINE - FORMS 6 THIOGUANINE, SUPPRESSING
BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION, INCREASED RISK OF B AND T CELL FUNCTION AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN
INFECTIONS. NEVER GIVE WITH ALLOPURINOL. PRODUCTION
DRUG FOR CROHN'S DISEASE BUT MAY CAUSE INFLIXIMAB - DMARD THAT BINDS TO TNF ALPHA
REACTIVATION OF LATENT TB
PROSTAGLANDIN THAT INCREASES OUTFLOW LATANOPROST
THROUGH CANAL OF SCHLEMM
PROSTAGLANDIN F2 ALPHA ANALOG USED IN THE LATANOPROST - CAN ALTER COLOR OF THE EYELID
TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA CAUSING PERMANENT EYE COLOR CHANGE
PROSTAGLANDIN I2 ANALOG USED FOR PULMONARY EPOPROSTENOL
HTN
EICOSANOID RECEPTOR THAT ACTS AS A SLOW EICOSANOID RECEPTOR THAT ACTS AS A SLOW
REACTING SUBSTANCE OF ANAPHYLAXIS REACTING SUBSTANCE OF ANAPHYLAXIS
EICOSANOID RECEPTOR THAT MAINTAINS PDA PGE1 AND PGE2
EICOSANOID RECEPTOR FOR PLATELET TXA2
AGGREGATION
PGE1 ANALOG THAT MAINTAINS PDA ALPROSTADIL - VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE
RELAXATION AND VASODILATION
PGE1 ANALOG THAT MAINTAINS CAN BE USED FOR ALPROSTADIL
ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

ONCOLOGY
ANTI-NEOPLASTICS

DOC FOR CHORIOCARCINOMA METHOTREXATE

PANCREATIC CARCINOMA 5-FU
ISLET CELL TUMORS STREPTOZOCIN
BRONCHOGENIC CA CISPLATIN/CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE + ETOPOSIDE
DOC FOR COLON CA 5-FU
USED FOR NEUTROPENIA ASSOCIATED WITH G CSF - MYELOID GROWTH FACTOR, ACCELERATES
CHEMOTHERAPY NEUTROPHIL RECOVERY
ANTI-EMETIC USED FOR CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED ONDANSETRON
EMESIS
FOR SECONDARY PREVENTION OF OPRELVEKIN - MEGAKARYOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR THAT
THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ACTIVATES IL 11 RECEPTORS
CYTOTOXIC CHEMOTHERAPY

ALPHA 1 SELECTIVE ADRENERGIC ANTAGONIST THAT TAMSULOSIN (PRAZOSIN)

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IS MOST SELECTIVE FOR PROSTATIC SMOOTH
MUSCLE
ALPHA 2 SELECTIVE SYMPATHOMIMETIC THAT APRACLONIDINE (BRIMONIDINE) - FOR GLAUCOMA
DECREASES SECRETION OF AQUEOUS HUMOR
ALPHA 2 SELECTIVE SYMPATHOMIMETIC FOR THE METHYLDOPA - DECREASES CENTRAL SYMPATHETIC
TREATMENT OF PRE-ECLAMPSIA OUTFLOW
BETA NON SELECTIVE SYMPATHOMIMETIC USED FOR ISOPROTERENOL
ASTHMA
NON SELECTIVE BETA BLOCKER (ADRENERGIC NADOLOL
ANTAGONIST) WITH THE LONGEST HALF LIFE
SELECTIVE B1 BLOCKER (ADRENERGIC ESMOLOL - ALSO HAS THE SHORTEST HALF LIFE
ANTAGONIST) USED FOR SUPRAVENTRICULAR
TACHYCARDIA
ADRENERGIC SYMPTOMS OF GRAVE DISEASE PROPANOLOL
BETA BLOCKER THAT HAS ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION PROPANOLOL
AS A SIDE EFFECT

BETA 1 SELECTIVE SYMPATHOMIMETIC USED TO DOBUTAMINE - MAY ALSO BE USED IN CARDIAC STRESS
TREAT ACUTE HEART FAILURE TESTING
BETA 2 SELECTIVE SYMPATHOMIMETIC, DOC FOR ALBUTEROL/SALBUTAMOL
ACUTE ASTHMA ATTACKS
BETA 2 SELECTIVE SYMPATHOMIMETIC THAT IS TERBUTALINE AND RITODRINE
USED FOR TOCOLYSIS OF PRETERM LABOR
DRUG USED FOR PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA (PRE- PHENOXYBENZAMINE - ALPHA NON SELECTIVE,
SURGICAL) IRREVERSIBLE ADRENERGIC ANTAGONIST
3 DRUGS USED TO CONTROL HYPERTENSION IN PHENOXYBENZAMINE
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PHENTOLAMINE
LABETALOL
DOC MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA DANTROLENE
TREATMENT FOR REBOUND HYPERTENSION CAUSED PHENTOLAMINE
BY CLONIDINE

CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONIST, APPLIED AS A SCOPOLAMINE - ANTAGONIZES HISTAMINE AND

TRANSDERMAL PATCH, USED FOR MOTION SEROTONIN
SICKNESS
DRUGS THAT ARE IMPORTANT FOR PRODUCING NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS
COMPLETE SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXATION IN
SURGERY
COMPETITIVELY BLOCKS NICOTINIC ACH HEXAMETHONIUM
RECEPTORS. USED FOR HYPERTENSIVE
EMERGENCIES. SE OF POSTURAL HTN.
SYMPATHOMIMETIC (NON-SELECTIVE, DIRECT NOREPINEPHRINE
ACTING). LAST RESORT DRUG FOR CARDIOGENIC
SHOCK
NON-SELECTIVE, DIRECT ACTING DOPAMINE
SYMPATHOMIMETIC USED FOR SHOCK AND HEART
FAILURE

RESPIRATORY DRUGS

DOC FOR ACUTE ASTHMA ATTACKS ALBUTEROL/SALBUTAMOL - SHORT ACTING BETA 2

LONG ACTING BETA 2 SELECTIVE AGONIST USED FOR
ASTHMA PROPHYLAXIS
DOC FOR ASTHMA PROPHYLAXIS
SE OF FLUTICASONE
MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST USED FOR
ASTHMA AND COPD
METHYLXANTHINE USED AS A PROPHYLAXIS FOR
ASTHMA NOCTURNAL ATTACKS
METHYLXANTHINE WITH A NARROW THERAPEUTIC
SELECTIVE AGONIST WITH A SE OF TACHYCARDIA
SALMETEROL
FLUTICASONE - CORTICOSTEROID THAT INHIBITS
PHOSPHOLIPASE A2
OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS (ORAL THRUSH) -
GARGLE AFTER INHALING
IPRATROPIUM - SE OF DRY MOUTH
THEOPHYLLINE - SE OF SEIZURES, BETA BLOCKERS
CAN BE USED AS AN ANTIDOTE IN OVERDOSAGE
THEOPHYLLINE

Cracking D' Boards Study & Review Center Inc.

INDEX
MAST CELL STABILIZER USED AS AN ASTHMA CROMOLYN
PROPHYLAXIS AND FOR ALLERGIES. NO
BRONCHODILATOR ACTION
TREATMENT OF SEVERE REFRACTORY ASTHMA IV HYDROCORTISONE
(STATUS ASTHMATICUS)
BLOCKS CYSTEINYL LEUKOTRIENE 1 RECEPTOR FOR MONTELUKAST - NO BRONCHODILATOR ACTION
LEUKOTRIENES CD4, D4 AND E4. USED AS ASTHMA
PROPHYLAXIS
PROPHYLAXIS OF SEVERE, REFRACTORY ASTHMA NOT OMALIZUMAB - ANTI IGE ANTIBODY
RESPONSIVE TO ALL OTHER DRUGS

SALAMAT D.O.C. (DRUG OF CHOICE)

DISEASE CONDITION/CASE DRUG OF CHOICE

HSV, VZV, EBV, MUCOCUTANEOUS AND GENITAL HOW IS ACYCLOVIR USED CLINICALLY?
HERPES LESIONS, PROPHYLAXIS IN
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PTS

PHOSPHORYLATION BY A VIRAL KINASE HOW IS GANCICLOVIR ACTIVATED?

CMV, ESP IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS

HOW IS GANCICLOVIR USED CLINICALLY?

HOW IS FOSCARNET USED CLINICALLY? CMV RETINITIS IN IC PTS WHEN GANCICLOVIR FAILS

HOW IS RIBAVIRIN USED CLINICALLY? RSV

HOW IS AMANTADINE USED CLINICALLY? PROPHYLAXIS FOR INFLUENZA A, RUBELLA ;

PARKINSON'S DISEASE

HOW IS AMPHOTERICIN B USED CLINICALLY? WIDE SPECTRUM OF SYSTEMIC MYCOSES:

CRYPTOCOCCUS, BLASTOMYCES, COCCIDIOIDES,
ASPERGILLUS, HISTOPLASMA, CANDIDA, MUCOR

HOW IS GRISEOFULVIN USED CLINICALLY? ORAL TREATMENT OF SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS

WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL INDICATIONS FOR AZOLE SYSTEMIC MYCOSES

THERAPY?

WHAT DO YOU TREAT NEMATODE/ROUNDWORM MEBENDAZOLE/ THIABENDAZOLE, PYRANTEL PAMOATE

(PINWORM, WHIPWORM) INFECTIONS WITH?

WHAT DRUG IS USED TO TREAT TREMATODE/FLUKE PRAZIQUANTEL

(E.G., SCHISTOSOMES, PARAGONIMUS,
CLONORCHIS) OR CYSTICERCOSIS

HOW IS LEISHMANIASIS TREATED?

PENTAVALENT ANTIMONY

HOW WOULD YOU TREAT AFRICAN SURAMIN

TRYPANOSOMIASIS (SLEEPING SICKNESS)?

WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL USES FOR 1ST GRAM + COCCI, PROTEUS MIRABILIS, E. COLI,
GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS? KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE (PECK)

WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL USES FOR 2ND GRAM + COCCI, HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA,
GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS? ENTEROBACTER AEROGENES, NEISSERIA SPECIES, P.
MIRABILIS, E. COLI, K. PNEUMONIAE, SERRATIA
MARCESCENS ( HEN PECKS )
WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL USES FOR 3RD 1) SERIOUS GRAM - INFECTIONS RESISTANT TO OTHER
GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS? BETA LACTAMS 2) MENINGITIS (MOST PENETRATE THE
BBB)

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WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL USES FOR AZTREONAM? GRAM - RODS: KLEBSIELLA SPECIES, PSEUDOMONAS
SPECIES, SERRATIA SPECIES

WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL USES FOR GRAM + COCCI, GRAM - RODS, AND ANEROBES
IMIPENEM/CILASTATIN?

WHAT ARE THE MACROLIDES USED FOR CLINICALLY? -UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS -PNEUMONIAS
- STDS: GRAM+ COCCI (STREPTOCOCCAL INFECT IN PTS
ALLERGIC TO PENICILLIN) - MYCOPLASMA,
LEGIONELLA,CHLAMYDIA, NEISSERIA

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES CEPHALOSPORIN: 1) HAS A 6 MEMBER RING ATTACHED
BETWEEN PENICILLIN AND CEPHALOSPORIN? TO THE BETA LACTAM INSTEAD OF A 5 MEMBER RING
2)HAS AN EXTRA FUNCTIONAL GROUP ( ATTACHED TO
THE 6 MEMBER RING)

HOW IS CHLORAMPHENICAL USED CLINICALLY? MENINGITIS (H. INFLUENZA, N. MENINGITIDIS, S.

PNEUMONIAE), CONSERATIVE TREATMENT DUE TO
TOXICITIES

WHAT ARE AMINOGLYCOSIDES USED FOR SEVERE GRAM - ROD INFECTIONS

CLINICALLY?

HOW IS RIFAMPIN USED CLINICALLY? 1. MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS 2. DELAYS

RESISTANCE TO DAPSONE WHEN USED OF LEPROSY 3.
USED IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER DRUGS

NAME TWO ORGANISMS VANCOMYCIN IS STAPHLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

COMMONLY USED FOR? (PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS)

WHAT ARE METHICILLIN, NAFCILLIN, AND STAPHLOCOCCUS AUREUS

DICLOXACILLIN USED FOR CLINICALLY?

WHAT ARE POLYMYXINS USED FOR? RESISTANT GRAM - INFECTIONS

WHAT ARE THE ANTI-TB DRUGS? RIFAMPIN, ETHAMBUTOL, STREPTOMYCIN,

PYRAZINAMIDE, ISONIAZID (INH)

WHAT CONDITIONS ARE TREATED WITH GIARDIASIS, AMOEBIC DYSENTERY (E. HISTOLYTICA),
METRONIDAZOLE? BACTERIAL VAGINITIS (GARDNERELLA VAGINALIS),
TRICHOMONAS

KAWASAKI DISEASE INTRAVENOUS LGG

ASA-FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI DEC
ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS (PINWORM) MEBENDAZOLE
DIABETIC + PROTEINURIA ARB
HYPERTHYROIDISM/GRAVES DISEASE/THYROID PTU
STORM
HYPOTHYROIDISM LEVOTHYROXINE
MYXEDEMA COMA LIOTHYRONINE
HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA FENOFIBRATES
OPOID TOXICITY NALOXONE
PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI PNEUMONIA TMP
TYPHOID FEVER CEFTRIAXONE
DIPTHERIA PCN
LEPTOSPIROSIS DOXYCYCLINE
MENINGOCOCCEMIA RIFAMPICIN
SYPHILIS PCN
HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY LACTULOSE

SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE REACTIONS

DRUG SIDE EFFECT

WHAT ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS OF MINOR HEPATOTOXICITY, DRUG

Cracking D' Boards Study & Review Center Inc.

RIFAMPIN? INTERACTIONS (ACTIVATES P450)

SIDE EFFECTS OF ISONIAZID (INH)? HEMOLYSIS (IF G6PD DEFICIENT),

NEUROTOXICITY, HEPATOTOXICITY,
SLE-LIKE SYNDROME

ETHAMBUTOL OPTIC NEURITIS- BARREL VISION

HYPERURICEMIA
INH PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
HEPATITIS
RIFAMPICIN ORANGE COLORED FLUIDS
WHAT ARE TOXICITIES ASSOCIATED APLASTIC ANEMIA (DOSE
WITH CHLORAMPHENICOL? INDEPENDENT), GRAY BABY
SYNDROME

WHAT ARE COMMON SERIOUS SIDE NEPHROTOXICITY (ESP. WITH

EFFECTS OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES AND CEPHALOSPORINS), OTOTOXICITY
WHAT ARE THESE ASSOCIATED WITH? (ESP. WITH LOOP DIURETICS)

WHAT ARE COMMON TOXIC SIDE -HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS -

EFFECTS OF SULFONAMIDES? HEMOLYSIS - NEPHROTOXICITY
(TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS) -
KERNICTERUS IN INFANTS
DISPLACE OTHER DRUGS FROM
ALBUMIN (E.G., WARFARIN)
WHAT ARE COMMON TOXICITIES GI DISCOMFORT, ACUTE
ASSOCIATED WITH MACROLIDES? CHOLESTATIC HEPATITIS,
EOSINOPHILIA, SKIN RASHES

WHAT ARE COMMON TOXICITIES

ASSOCIATED WITH TETRACYCLINES? AVOID WITH ANTACIDS (MILK
ALKALI SYNDROME)

AVOID IN CHILDREN (CLOSURE OF

EPIPHYSEAL PLATE)

GI DISTRESS, TOOTH
DISCOLORATION AND INHIBITION
OF BONE GROWTH IN CHILDREN,
FANCONI'S SYNDROME,
PHOTOSENSITIVITY

WHAT ARE COMMON TOXICITIES WELL TOLERATED IN GENERAL BUT

RELATED TO VANCOMYCIN THERAPY? OCCASIONALLY, NEPHROTOXICITY,
OTOTOXICITY, THROMBOPHLEBITIS,
DIFFUSE FLUSHING='RED MAN
SYNDROME'

VANCOMYCIN RED MAN SYNDROME

WHAT ARE MAJOR SIDE EFFECTS OF HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

METHICILLIN, NAFCILLIN, AND
DICLOXACILLIN?

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR TOXIC SIDE 1) HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

EFFECTS OF THE CEPHALOSPORINS? 2) INCREASED NEPHROTOXICITY OF
AMINOGLYCOSIDES 3) DISULFIRAM-
LIKE REACTION WITH ETHANOL
(THOSE WITH A
METHYLTHIOTETRAZOLE GROUP,
E.G., CEFAMANDOLE)

WHAT ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS OF NEUROTOXICITY, ACUTE RENAL

POLYMYXINS? TUBULAR NECROSIS

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR TOXIC SIDE GI DISTRESS, SKIN RASH, AND
EFFECTS OF IMIPENEM/ CILASTATIN? SEIZURES AT HIGH PLASMA LEVELS

Cracking D' Boards Study & Review Center Inc.

 PRO-ARRHYTHMIC EFFECT

PURPLE GLOVE SYNDROME

FETAL HYDANTOIN SYNDROME

GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

CIMETIDINE GYNECOMASTIA

CYTOCHROME 450 INDUCER

INCREASED LEVELS BY GRAPEFRUIT

ACE INHIBITORS COUGH (BRADYKININ)

FETAL RENAL AGENESIS

AVOID IN RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS

STEVEN JOHNSON SYNDROME SULFONAMIDES

ANTICONVULSANTS

ALLOPURINOL

WHAT ARE TOXIC SIDE EFFECTS FOR DISULFIRAM-LIKE REACTION WITH

METRONIDAZOLE? ETOH, HEADACHE

WHAT ARE AMANTADINE- ASSOCIATED ATAXIA, DIZZINESS, SLURRED

SIDE EFFECTS? SPEECH

WHAT ARE COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF FEVER/CHILLS, HYPOTENSION,

AMPHOTERICIN B? NEPHROTOXICITY, ARRHYTHMIAS

WHAT ARE COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF GI INTOLERANCE (NAUSEA,

PROTEASE INHIBITORS? DIARRHEA), HYPERGLYCEMIA, LIPID
ABNORMALITIES,
THROMBOCYTOPENIA (INDINAVIR)

WHAT ARE COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF RT BM SUPPRESSION (NEUTROPENIA,

INHIBITORS? ANEMIA), PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY

HEPATITIS
DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHETIC
SUCCINYLCHOLINE MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA
SCOPOLAMINE TWILIGHT SLEEP
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS
CARDIAC TOXICITY
BUPIVACAINE CARDIAC TOXICITY
COCAINE/METAMPHETAMINE DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

Cracking D' Boards Study & Review Center Inc.

AMINOGLYCOSIDES OTOTOXICITY

CISPLATIN NEPHROTOXICITY

LITHIUM SALTS DIABETES INSIPIDUS

CYANIDE TOXICITY
NITROUS OXIDE DIFFUSION ANOXIA
TAMOXIFEN ENDOMETRIAL CA
DES CLEAR CELL ADENOCA OF THE
VAGINA
SIDE EFFECT OF ALLOPURINOL SJS
CATARACTS

Cracking D' Boards Study & Review Center Inc.