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Expected outcome
The eNB does not apply the eVTT-specific parameters: qci1DlTargetBler (DL
target BLER for QCI1), qci1HarqMaxTrDl (Maximum number of HARQ
transmission in DL for QCI1), qci1HarqMaxTrUl (Maximum number of
HARQ transmission in UL for QCI1), and qci1UlTargetBler (UL AMC
target BLER for QCI1) for UEs with a QCI1 bearer any more. The eNB applies
parameters of the standard configuration: harqMaxTrDl (Maximum number of HARQ
transmission in DL), harqMaxTrUl (Maximum number of HARQ
transmission in UL), ulTargetBler (UL AMC target BLER), and
dlTargetBler (DL target BLER) to all UEs.
Benefits
End-user benefits
This feature improves the throughput with the use of almost blank subframes (ABS) in
the macro - micro/pico network deployments.
Operator benefits
This feature provides advanced interference handling that will satisfy high traffic
demands throughout the HetNets.
Requirements
Functional description
Feature overview
The LTE1496: eICIC - micro feature improves the overall network performance in HetNet
scenario, where macro eNBs are deployed in co-channel with small cell eNBs. This is
achieved by traffic offloading from the macro cell to the small cells within the macro
coverage. Traffic offloading from the macro to the small cells is accelerated by modifying
the handover (HO) thresholds between the cells in the eICIC area resulting in cell range
expansion (CRE) of the small cells. The HO thresholds are set via O&M parameters and
are configured to the small cell UEs as described in Table 32: Utilization of G2 and G3
values. There is also a coordination of time domain resource usage between the macro
cell and the small cells to protect the data transmission of small cell UEs experiencing
heavy interference from the macro cell.
Table 32 Utilization of G2 and G3 values
eIcicMaxG2CioNonMacro eIcicMaxG3CioNonMacro
mlbEicicOperMode = allUEs G2 CIO value configured to all G3 CIO value configured to
UEs with GBR bearers FeICIC capable UEs without
GBR bearers
mlbEicicOperMode allUEs G2 CIO value configured to
R8/R9/10 UEs without GBR
bearers (UEs with GBR
bearers are left out of the CRE;
cell default CIO value is
configured)
Figure 5: eICIC area with one macro cell and four small cells shows one eICIC area with
one macro cell eNB and four small cell eNBs, that are all using the same carrier
frequency (f1).
Figure 5 eICIC area with one macro cell and four small cells
FZM
FZM #4
X2 X2
#1 f1
X2 FZM
FZM
X2 #3
#2
eICIC
area regular cell cell range
coverage area expansion
(CRE) area
The LTE1496: eICIC - micro feature supports the eICIC between one macro cell and
several small cells. Small cells are the outdoor micro and pico cell types with downlink
transmission powers lower than the macro cell. The small cell eNBs are autonomous
base stations like the Flexi Zone Micro (FZM) connected via X2 to the macro eNB. For
release RL70, the small cell eNB is assumed as a one-cell eNB.
g The home base station (HeNB), low power remote radio heads (RRHs) connected via
optical fiber to the macro eNB, and eICIC with eNB from other vendors (either macro or
micro) types of small cell are out of the scope of this feature.
Subframe muting
The LTE1496: eICIC - micro feature offers means to use the reduced inter-cell
interference due to ABS in heterogeneous networks to increase the throughput of cell
edge users and the average user throughput in an eICIC area. The ratio of ABS to non-
ABS is dynamically adapted by the macro cell based on the load condition in the eICIC
area.
In contrast to control signaling, no user data related transmissions on PDCCH and
PDSCH are allowed in ABS in the macro cell. This means that ABS is a transmission
time interval (TTI) with protected resources on the PDSCH and PDCCH on the macro
side, which is used by small cells in the macro cell area to schedule data primarily for the
CRE UEs.
g The UE is not aware of ABS, so it will receive/transmit in ABS the same as non-ABS.
The eNB will decide on stopping the transmission of channel/signaling addressed to the
individual UE.
The use of ABS reduces the DL and UL resources on PDSCH and PUSCH, respectively.
The effect is either (partially) compensated or overcompensated by the interference
reduction in the small cells depending on the traffic model. In general, the cell edge
throughput should improve and a gain for the total throughput served in the area of the
macro and small cells is possible.
terminal support
propagation environment
The eICIC works best at high load. The highest gain is achieved at full load conditions. A
higher eICIC gain is achieved for the macro-pico deployment as compared to the macro-
micro deployment. The feature also takes into account the non-eICIC, eICIC, and
FeICIC-capable UEs. The eICIC offers moderate gain for the UEs, which are eICIC
agnostic. The gain increases for the eICIC-capable UEs and even more for the FeICIC-
capable UE with cell reference signal (CRS) interference cancellation capability. Lower
gain may result from using larger CRE values in environments with high line of sight
(LOS) probability for small cells that have offloaded many UEs.
g The non-eICIC capable UEs are also supported in the CRE area.
When configuring the feature, make sure that the maximum CRE value of the small cell
eICIC partners is not larger than the difference in downlink transmission powers between
the small cells and the macro cell eICIC partner. Otherwise, the UL transmissions in the
eICIC area will suffer a performance degradation.
g The small cell eNB does not send UL grants in subframe 25 of muting pattern 1 for the
scheduling.
The small cell supports dedicated control loops for the listed instances for both ABS and
non-ABS:
PUSCH link adaptation
PDCCH link adaptation
PDSCH link adaptation
MIMO control
plus-noise ratio (SINR) in ABS due to the reduced macro interference will not be dragged
down by averaging the non-ABS. This can lead to high transmission efficiency of UEs
scheduled in ABS period. The reporting period of the reports of same subframe type is
doubled as compared to the O&M configuration. The spared halves are used for
reporting corresponding to the two subframe subsets.
Link adaptation functions, including BLER-based (block error ratio) outer loop
corrections, will be doubled and will depend on the subframe type (ABS or non-ABS).
The estimated SINR will be used for physical resource block (PRB) allocation and
modulation and coding scheme (MCS) determination.
System impact
g The eNB must be configured to phase synchronized mode after the activation of either
of the feature.
This feature is not supported in combination with the following features:
LTE116: Cell Bandwidth - 3 MHz
LTE117: Cell Bandwidth - 1.4 MHz
LTE1382: Cell resource groups
LTE819: DL Inter-cell Interference Generation
LTE907: TTI Bundling
LTE1336: Interference aware UL power control
LTE616: Usage based PDCCH adaptation
g The LTE1496: eICIC micro feature does not foresee any carrier aggregation (CA)
related handling since FZM does not support CA feature up to RL70. It is up to future
CA features for FZM to define any necessary handling for CA regarding interoperability
with eICIC.
Impact on interfaces
This feature introduces the necessary X2 signaling for Load Information and Resource
Status procedures.
Management data
Alarms
There are no alarms related to this feature.
Parameters
Table 34: New parameters lists parameters introduced with this feature.
Table 34 New parameters
Full name Abbreviated name Managed object Structure
Activate enhanced actEicic LNCEL -
inter-cell interference
coordination
Averaging filter creCqiAvg LNCEL -
constant for CRE
tagging
Threshold for re- eIcicCreDelta LNCEL -
tagging UEs from CRE
to non-CRE
Maximum CIO value eIcicMaxG2CioNonMa LNCEL -
for CIO Group 2 in cro
non-macro cell
Maximum CIO value eIcicMaxG3CioNonMa LNCEL -
for CIO Group 3 in cro
non-macro cell
ECGI of the eICIC eIcicPartnerEcgi LNCEL -
macro partner
MCC in the ECGI of mcc LNCEL eIcicPartnerEcgi
the eICIC macro
partner
MNC in the ECGI of mnc LNCEL eIcicPartnerEcgi
the eICIC macro
partner
MNC length in the mncLength LNCEL eIcicPartnerEcgi
ECGI of the eICIC
macro partner
Identity of the eNB in enbId LNCEL eIcicPartnerEcgi
the ECGI of the eICIC
macro partner
Identity of the cell in lcrId LNCEL eIcicPartnerEcgi
the ECGI of the eICIC
macro partner
Table 36: Related existing parameters lists existing parameters related to this feature.
Sales information
Table 38 Parameters used for activating and configuring LTE1496: eICIC - micro
feature
Parameter Purpose Requires eNB restart or
object locking
Activate enhanced inter-cell activation flag object locking
interference coordination
(actEicic )
Cell type (cellType) mandatory configuration no
Threshold for re-tagging UEs from mandatory configuration no
CRE to non-CRE (eIcicCreDelta)
Maximum CIO value for CIO Group mandatory configuration object locking
2 in non-macro cell
(eIcicMaxG2CioNonMacro)
Maximum CIO value for CIO Group mandatory configuration object locking
3 in non-macro cell
(eIcicMaxG3CioNonMacro)
SI window length (siWindowLen) mandatory configuration no
ECGI of the eICIC macro Partner mandatory configuration object locking
(eIcicPartnerEcgi)
Intra- and inter-freq. load bal. mandatory configuration no
common load settings
(loadSettings)
One of the listed features needs to be activated/configured before the activation of the
LTE1496: eICIC - micro feature:
LTE80: GPS synchronization
LTE891: Timing over Packet with phase synchronization
The listed features need to be deactivated before the activation of the LTE1496: eICIC -
micro feature:
LTE819: DL Inter-cell Interference Generation
LTE116: Cell Bandwidth - 3 MHz
LTE117: Cell Bandwidth - 1.4 MHz
LTE1382: Cell resource groups
LTE616: Usage based PDCCH adaptation
LTE907: TTI Bundling
g The structure of
Intra- and inter-freq. load bal. common load
settings (loadSettings) parameter has default values set during the object
creation. The modification of the default values is not mandatory.
g When eICIC is enabled for the cell, it is recommended to configure values of minimum
80% for the O&M parameter PDCCH target load in order to avoid reporting the cell as
overloaded due to lack of PDCCH resources.
Expected outcome
The LTE1496: eICIC micro feature is activated in the macro cell.