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02

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Se

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PRESENT TENSE

A. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

a. Pattern
1. Positive
Subject + Verb1/es,s + Object
2. Negative
Subject + dont, doesnt + Verb1 + Object
3. Interrogative
Do,does + Subject + Verb1 + Object

b. Usage
1. We use the simple present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The
action can be a habit (every ... , twice, once, etc.), a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled
event or something that often and always happens (in summer, winter, autumn,
spring and other seasons).
E.g. The train leaves at 9 PM (+)
The train doesnt leave at 9 PM (-)
Does the train leave at 9 PM (?)
2. We use the simple present when we say how often we do things. In this case, an
adverb indicating frequency in often used.

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 E.g. I always take a shower twice a day (+)
I dont take a shower twice a day (-)
Do I take a shower twice a day (?)

CONTOH SOAL

1. She doesnt know why she always .... at 12 oclock at midnight.

A. wake
B. wakes
C. is waking
D. woke
E. has been waking
Pembahasan:
Jawaban B, karena ada adverb of frequency always dan she menggunakan s/es.

2. Amin : Does the sun .... in the east ?

Ella : Yes, it does. And it .... in the west.
A. Rises sets
B. Rise set
C. Rises set
D. Rise sets
E. Rises sets
Pembahasan:
Jawaban D, karena jika sudah ada does tidak menggunakan s/es lagi, dan jika belum ada
baru bisa menggunakan s/es untuk subjek he, she, It.

B. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

a. Pattern
1. Positive
Subject + are, am, is + Verb-ing + Object
2. Negative
Subject + are, am, is + not + Verb-ing + Object
3. Interrogative
are, am, is + Subject + Verb-ing + Object

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b. Usage
1. We use the present continuous tense to indicate that an action is in progress at this
moment.
E.g. Mom is not here, she is cooking noodle (+)
She is not cooking noodle right now (-)
Is she cooking noodle right now (?)
2. We dont use the present continuous tense with verbs that dont express action.
Common non-action verbs include :
Verbs that refer to mental states : think, understand, know, believe, doubt,
mean, remember.
Verbs that refer to the use of the sense : hear, see, feel, taste, smell.
Verbs that refer to emotional : love, hate, adore, like, dislike, prefer, want, have,
possess, belong to, need.
E.g. I am liking the game right now (incorrect)
I like the game right now (correct)
3. Present continuous tense berlaku juga untuk kalimat imperative (!)
E.g. Listen ! I am explaining the lesson

CONTOH SOAL

1. Shhhhhh! Be quiet ! My baby ....

A. sleeps
B. sleeping
C. is sleeping
D. slept
E. has been sleeping
Pembahasan:
Jawaban C, karena soal di atas berbentuk imperative, maka setelahnya menggunakan are
am is + verb-ing.

C. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

a. Pattern
1. Positive
Subject + have/has + Verb3 + Object

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 2. Negative
Subject + have/has + not + Verb3 + Object
3. Interrogative
Have/has + Subject + Verb3 + Object

b. Usage
1. When we use the present perfect tense, there is a connection with the present.
E.g. I have lost my bag (I havent got it now).
2. We use the present perfect tense to say that you have never done something during
a period of time which continues up to the present.
E.g. I have never smoked
3. We also use the present perfect tense to talk about several different actions which
have ocurred in the past at different times.
E.g. The army has attacked that city five times.
4. Present perfect tense is often used for, since, just, already, yet, in the last ...
E.g. He has already accomplised the assignment
I have learned English since 12 years old (the time when the events started)
I havent gone to Sumatera for 3 years (a period of time)
I have seen the movie six times in the last month
Note : Last month and in the last month are different, last month is past but in the
last month is last month until now.

CONTOH SOAL

1. Vita really needs to get in touch with you. Since this morning, he .... here for four times
trying to reach you.
A. has called
B. called
C. is calling
D. calls
E. call
Pembahasan:
Jawaban A, karena ada earmarks of present perfect since dan she menggunakan has +
verb3.

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D. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
a. Pattern
1. Positive
Subject + have/has + been + Verb-ing + Object
2. Negative
Subject + have/has + not + been + Verb-ing + Object
3. Interrogative
Have/has + Subject + been+Verb-ing + Object

b. Usage
We use the present perfect continuous tense to ask or say how long something has been
happening. This time the action or situation began in the past and is still happening or
has just stopped.
E.g. Marimar has been waiting for Dony for over an hour
She has been watching the movie since 2 oclock

Dikarenakan ciri-ciri Present perfect tense dan Present perfect continuous tense sama,
berikut ini adalah simulasi soal agar tidak salah dalam menjawab soal bertipe keduanya:

CONTOH SOAL

1. Erlina .... on her report for 6 hours. She looks so pale and tired.
A. has been working
B. has worked
C. is working
D. works
E. work
Pembahasan:
Jawaban A, karena ada priority di dalam pola present perfect tense dan present perfect
continuous. Jika ada kedua jawaban dengan ciri yang sama (since/for) seperti soal di
atas. Maka, jawaban yang paling tepat adalah present perfect continuous.

2. Andy : What have you been doing ?

Siska : I .... for my private diary book.

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A. have searched
B. searched
C. search
D. have been searching
E. am searching
Pembahasan:
Jawaban D, karena pertanyaannya berbentuk Present perfect continuous tense, maka
jawabannya pun sama, yaitu have/has + been + verb-ing.