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I. INTRODUCTION
B. Symptoms of Glaucoma
Feature Extraction
The foremost sign of glaucoma is often the loss of side
vision, which may not notice as the disease prolongs [3].
This is why glaucoma is often called the sneak thief of Classification
vision [4]. In the case of severe levels in intraocular
pressure, sudden eye pain, headache, blurred vision, or
the appearance of halos around lights may occur.
Normal Glaucoma
Seeing halos around lights.
IV. OVERVIEW
The overall methodologies mentioned above are listed in a tabular form and thus one can determine which technique can be
applied to have an optimum result.
PRE-PROCESSING
METHOD CLASSIFIER SUCCESS RATE REFERENCES
TECHNIQUES
Ellipse fitting Noise removal, ROI Depends on value of
86% [7]
method extraction CDR
Top-down and
PCA Bayes 75-80% [8]
bottom-up processing
Illumination
Automated glaucoma ANFIS 97.7%
correction & blood [14]
detection SVM 98.12%
vessel removal
Back Propagation 97.35%
Combining Texture Nave Bayesian, SVM,
Z-Score normalization 91% [15]
and HOS Random- Forest
without
Pattern recognition SVM 86% [18]
segmentation
V. CONCLUSION [10] Jun Cheng et al., Sparse Dissimilarity-
Constrained Coding for Glaucoma Screening
Through this review paper we have studied different IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engiineering,
techniques which were involved in detecting glaucoma. Vol. 62, No. 5, May 2015.
Glaucoma is one of the major disease which is
contributing to majority of blindness worldwide. With [11] http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/wilmer/glaucoma
the help of these techniques, we need to develop some _center_excellence/book/ch06s03.html
less expensive automated technique in order to detect
glaucoma disease accurately. These techniques would be [12] http://www.opticdisc.org/tutorials/glaucoma_evalu
helpful for less developed countries where there is a ation_basics/page13.html
shortage of ophthalmologists. In future, accurate http://archopht.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articl
detection with less cost effectiveness, it may be eid=418703
beneficial to the poor people. Once glaucoma is correctly http://www.ophthobook.com/questions/question
diagnosed there is a probability of avoiding total what-is-the-isnt-rule-in-glaucoma
blindness.
[13] Mei-Ling Huang, Hsin-Yi Chen, Jian-Jun Huang:
Glaucoma detection using adaptive neuro-fuzzy
REFERENCES inference system, Expert Systems with
Applications 32 (2007) 458468.
[1] https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/
001620.htm [14] Jyotika Pruthi, Dr.Saurabh Mukherjee: Computer
Based Early Diagnosis of Glaucoma in Biomedical
[2] Erik linner, The early detection of glaucoma Data Using Image Processing and Automated Early
Springer, Chapter Public Health Opthalmology Nerve Fiber Layer Defects Detection using Feature
Volume 5 of the series Documenta Extraction in Retinal Colored Stereo Fundus
Ophthalmologica pp 23-24. Images, International Journal of Scientific &
Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 4, April
[3] http://www.glaucoma.org/glaucoma/types-of- 2013.
glaucoma.php
[15] U. Rajendra Acharya, Sumeet Dua, Xian Du,
[4] http://www.claruseye.com/portfolio- Automated Diagnosis of Glaucoma Using Texture
post/glaucoma/ and Higher Order Spectra Features, IEEE
Transactions On Information Technology In
[5] Tehmina Khalil, Samina Khalid and Adeel M. Biomedicine, May 2011, pp 449-455.
Syed Review of Machine Learning Techniques for
Glaucoma Detection and Prediction Science and [16] Vicente Grau, J. Crawford Downs, and Claude F.
Information Conference 2014 August 27-29, 2014 | Burgoyne, Segmentation Of Trabeculated
London, UK Structures Using An Anisotropic Markov Random
Field: Application To The Study Of The Optic
[6] http://www.ces.clemson.edu/~ahoover/stare/ Nerve Head In Glaucoma, IEEE Transactions on
http://www.ia.uned.es/~ejcarmona/DRIONS- Medical Imaging, Vol. 25, No. 3, March 2006. Pg.:
DB.html 245
[7] A.Murthi & 2M.Madheswaran Enhancement Of [17] Inoue, Kenji Yanashima, Kazushige Magatani,
Optic Cup To Disc Ratio Detection In Glaucoma Takuro Kurihara, Naoto, Development Of A
Diagnosis 978-14577-1583-9/12/$26.00 2012 Simple Diagnostic Method For The Glaucoma
IEEE Using Ocular Fundus Pictures, in the Proceedings
of the 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and
[8] Li Xiong, Huiqi Li and Yan Zheng Automatic Biology 27th Annual Conference Shanghai, China,
Detection of Glaucoma in Retinal Images 978-1- September 1-4, 2005
4799- 43159/14/$31.00_c 2014 IEEE.
[18] Rudiger Bock, Jorg Meier, Georg Michelson,
[9] Hafsah Ahmad, Abubakar Yamin, Aqsa Shakeel, Laszlo G. Nyul, and Joachim Hornegger,
Syed Omer Gillani, Umer Ansari Detection of Classifying Glaucoma with Image-Based Features
Glaucoma Using Retinal Fundus Images 978-1- from Fundus Photographs, DAGM 2007, LNCS
4799-5132-1/14/$31.00 2014 IEEE. 4713, pp. 355364, 2007. Springer-Verlag Berlin
Heidelberg 2007.