G.A.W.A (Gathering of materials, Analyzing the learners, Working and Assessing) as a Learning 4.

Operation sheet
Resource Approach in Presentation Mode 5. Job sheet
6. Performance criteria checklist/ evaluation sheet
MELRITA B. IHALAS
Guidelines in developing instruction sheet, information sheets, task sheet, operation sheet and job
Introduction sheet:
Use language that is brief and concise and is easily
The concept to develop G.A.W.A as a learning resource approach in presentation mode was understood by the learner or trainees for whom the
conceptualized based on the planning training session from TESDA (Technical Education and Skills material is intended. Define new terms, and do not use
Development Authority) wherein Technical Vocational teachers and trainers are engage to use unusual or ambiguous words and phrases.
instructional sheets. As a result, learning outcomes are defined and processing of information is Supplement words with illustration, pictures and
highly evident with the help of the information sheets; skills are demonstrated well based on the task diagrams for greater clarity.
sheets, job sheets and operation sheets. Performance have been observed and rated through the Develop a uniform format for all instructions sheets
performance criteria checklist or the evaluation sheet. including your information sheets, task sheets, operation
sheets and job sheets so the learner or trainees can easily
Gathering of materials find the desired information.
Use underlining to emphasize or to distinguish headings,
Learning resources subheadings, and content.
Be consistent with the terminology used to avoid
Learning resources are the things the student will use when carrying out the instructions confusion.
outlined in the learning activities. It can be used to present instruction and for practice and feedback. Include only relevant information that is essential to the
Types of learning resources for presenting instruction: attainment of the learning outcome. It should also free
Using G.A.W.A, the from violation of copyright law.
following are the steps to Example of instruction sheet
follow in learning
resource approach Information sheet
It is not a copy or duplicate from any article like
Analyzing the learners magazine, newspaper or book. It is developed when no
A thorough analysis of the resources are available to explain the required information.
needs of the learners This is primarily designed to deliver pertinent information
obtains the following: needed in the attainment of a learning outcome
Learners background (
age, education, Parts of information sheet:
profession, position Learning objectives- Statements about what the
and organization) learner or trainee will gain from a course or activity and
The level of knowledge they have what they should know, be able to do, or value as a
What are the obstacles in their learning result of accomplishing a learning goal.
What are their prior learning and training needs they need to learn Introduction/ overview- an overview or recall and
What will be the teaching methodology applicable for them rejoinder statements. And it provides the key concepts
and allows you to gain interests of the learner from the
Working with the materials: beginning.
1. Instruction sheet
2. Information sheet Example of information sheet
3. Task sheet
Task sheet
Is a set of instructions telling the trainee to perform a single task.
Example of a task sheet
Job sheet
Is a set of instructions for the
performance of a job. It is a combination
and consolidation of tasks and/ or
operations needed in to develop a product
or performance of a service or a
combination of both wherein it integrates
tasks and operations. Your learner or
trainee is expected to learn tasks and
operations first before performing the job
sheet. Providing this sheets will help your
learner or trainee enhance, retain and
practice their knowledge, skills and
attitudes. It
Assessing learners
Evaluation sheet
Is a tool use to evaluate learner or trainees performance based on the criteria and
competency standard set. The following are the characteristics of good evaluation tools:
Operation sheet
Is a set of instructions for the operation
or use of a particular machine or equipment. The
procedures of an operation sheet will greatly
depend on the manufacturers manual since
operation may vary. This is used for teaching a
single basic task, operation or process. Is usually
includes the operation of tools, machine or
equipment in doing a task or job which involves
correct procedures and sequence. An operation
sheet are made the same with the task sheet. But
it differs with its instruction.
Example of a job sheet
Reliability- refers to consistency of scores by the same person when re-examined with the
same test on different occasion. Your test is reliable if your test is consistent in testing what
it is trying to test. Factors that may affect reliability:
a. Length of the test- the longer the test the higher the reliability
b. Difficulty of the test- the bigger the spread of the scores the more reliable the measured
difference is likely to be. Items should not be too easy or too difficult.
c. Objectivity- this is achieved if scores are independent of the subjective judgment of
individual examinees
Validity- is the degree to which the test actually measures what it purports to measure. It
provides a direct check on how well the test fulfils its functions. Factors that influence the
validity of test:
a. Appropriateness of test items
b. Directions
c. Reading vocabulary and sentence structures
d. Difficulty of items
e. Construction of test items- no ambiguous items or leading items
f. Length of the test-sufficient length
g. Arrangement of items-from easy to difficult
h. Patterns of answers- no pattern
Objectivity- The test must be fair to all the examinee
Discrimination- It must pick up the good examinees from the poor
Ease of administration and scoring- The test must have the right length and level of
sophistication to do the job
Summary of the different types of sheet:

Reference:

Competency based learning material on Planning Training Session, Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority