ME-EM 5210 Advanced Fluid Engineering

Dr. Chunpei Cai

ccai@mtu.edu

Course Goals, Policies

Textbooks (course reserved @ library)
1. Munson, Young & Okiishi, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics 8th Ed., Wiley
2. Kundu, Cohen, &Dowling, Fluid Mechanics, 6th ed., Academy Press, Elsevier

Grades

Page 1 MEEM 5210 Advanced Fluid Engineering: Talk 1, August 9 Cai. C

 Several Concepts & Facts
Fluid dynamics/mechanics, fluid kinetics, aerodynamics, thermodynamics...

What is a fluid?
A matter continues to change its shape when subjects to shear stress: gas, liquid,
in an infinitesimal small volume.

Differences w/ solid, plasma?

Basic different dimensions in physics: length (m), mass (kg), time (sec), temp. (K);
electric charge (Cololum), electrical resistance (Ohm),
magnetic induction (Gauss)

Basic/primary dimensions; secondary quantities

Dimensional homogenous:

2 MEEM 5210 Advanced Fluid Engineering: Talk 1, August 29 C. Cai

 Dimensions, Orders, and Units
Dimensions

Quantity orders

Systems of Units: International System (SI) & British Gravity (BG)

Kg, Sec, m, Kel; lb, Sec, ft, F

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4 MEEM 5210 Advanced Fluid Engineering: Talk 1, August 29 C. Cai
 Misc. facts & names

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Dynamics and kinetic viscosities

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 Viscosity (Contd)

Liquid:

Gas: the Sutherland Eqn.

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 Problem: viscosity & non-dimensional number

Given: Re= VD/

=0.38 N.sec/m^2,
specific gravity=0.91,
diameter 25 mm, V=2.6m/s

Find: Re in SI units.

Answer: 156.

8 MEEM 5210 Advanced Fluid Engineering: Talk 1, August 29 C. Cai

 Shear Stress

Given: u=1.5V[1-(y/h)*y/h)]
V: mean velocity, 2 ft/sec, h=0.2 in,
viscosity: 0.04 lb.sec/ft^2

Find: the shear stress @ the bottom wall & centerline

Answer: 14.4 lb/ft^2; 0.

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Pressure and Density Relations

Bulk modulus

Ideal gas

Isentropic gas

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Problem: A cubic of air at an absolute pressure of 14.7 psi is
compressed isentropical-ly to 1/2 cubic foot.

Find: what is the final pressure?

Ans: 38.8 psi

11 MEEM 5210 Advanced Fluid Engineering: Talk 1, August 29 C. Cai

 Acoustic Sonic Speeds
or

Gas:

Given: airplane v= 550 mph,

alt.=15,000 ft, where T=-66 F.,
special heat ratio =1.4

Find: the Mach number

Answer: 0.829.
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 Vapour Pressure

Not easy to boil food w/

Saturated pressure: open pot at high altitudes !
balanced number flux
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Surface Tension Force (a force along a line!)

Q: a tree has a height of 10 m. Estimate the

diameter of the vascular conduits.
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 The general Laplace pressure
w/ two curvatures:

Famous People Related to Fluid Dynamics

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 Given: surface tension force (assuming acting straight
upwardly) balances with the gravity force.

Find: 1).the minimum length of this interface needed

to support the bug, if the weight is: 1e-4 N.
2). Then try A person with weight 750 N.

Solution: W= L,
for water-bug: L= 1e-4 / 7.34 e-2 = 1.36 mm

for a person:
L = 750 /7.34e-2 = 1.02e4 m

16 MEEM 5210 Advanced Fluid Engineering: Talk 1, August 29 C. Cai