Blood Clotting Factors - The various factors, which are known to take part in the clotting

process in various theories of blood coagulation are given below. These factors have
been assigned numbers, which arc written in Roman pattern.
I. Fibrinogen

II. Prothrombin (Thrombin is factor II-a)

III. Thromboplaslin. This is the name given to a substance capable of converting

prolhrombin to thrombin. It is present in tissues in an active form, the tissue
thromboplastin, which is also called the tissue pro-coagulant material.

IV. Calcium ions.

V. Labile factor, Pro-accelerin, Accelerator or Ac globulin.

VI. It has been found to be the same as factor V; it is now obsolete.

VII. Stable factor, Pro-convertin, Auto-prothrombin-I.

VIII. Anti-hemophilic globulin (AHIG, Platelet cofactor-I. Anti-hemophilic factor A

(AHF-A). This is the original compound called factor VIII. However, factor VIII
has been found to have three subtypes. The original factor VIII (AHF-A) is
now called factor VIII-C, C signifying coagulant action. The other two
subtypes are factor VIII V.W. (also called Von-Willebrand protein) and factor
VIII R.Ag (protein precipitated by specific rabbit anliserum).

IX. Christmas factor, Plasma thromboplastin component (PTC), Platelet co-

factor-II, Auto-prolhrombin-II, Anti-hemophilic factor B.

X. Stuart-Prower factor.

XI. Plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA), Anti-hemophilic factor-C,

Rosenthal factor.

XII. Hageman's factor, Contact factor, Glass factor.

XIII. Fibrin stabilizing factor, Laki-Lorand factor, Transglutaminase, Pre-

fibrinoligase.
Coagulation Pathway
1. Prothrombinase & Ca+2 catalyze the conversion of Prothrombin
to Thrombin
2. Thrombin & Ca+2 catalyze the polymerization of Fibrinogen into
Fibrin
3. Insoluble fibrin strands form the structural basis of a clot
4. Fibrin causes RBCs and Platelets to become a gel-like plug
5. Thrombin & Ca+2 also activate Factor XIII (F13) that:
6. Cross-links fibrin mesh
7. Strengthens and stabilizes the clot
HEMOSTASIS
1. Vasospasm /VasoConstriction (dibantu smooth muscle di pembuluh darah)
1) Nerve Reflex
2) Myogenic Spasm
3) Cell around area send signal smooth muscle contraction
2. Platelet Plug Formation
1) (Platelet adhesion) Blood vessel ruptured Exposed collagen (di
subendotel) platelet/trombosit nempel, dibantu sama von willembrand
factor
2) (Platelet Release Reaction) platelet yg nempel keluarin ADP (adenosine
diphosphate) mencetus agregasi platelet/ trombosit keluarin lg
Serotonin dan Prothrombin A2 (+Vasospasm, +Agregasi platelet)
3) (Agregasi Platelet) clumping
4) (Plug Formation) (platelet ga nempel di blood vessel sehat karena ada NO
, Prostasiklin, dll)
Sumbat Platelet ini semi-permeable, g bs dilewatin eritrosit, tp cairan bs
lewat
3. Coagulation
1) Intrinsic and extrinsic pathway prothrombinase (prothrombine activator)

2) ProthrombinAse sama Ca2+ mengkatalisis prothrombin jadi thrombin

3) Trombin + Ca2+ jadi kayak enzim, untuk mengubah Fibrinogen Fibrin
i. (Di darah ada Eritrosit, von whilebrand factor, platelet, clotting
factor, prothrombin, fibrinogen).
4) Eritrosit + Platelet + Fibrin Meshwork Stable Clot
HOMEOSTASIS jangan ketuker ya mas
HOMEOSTASIS mencegah fibrin berlebihan
Yang berperan :
1. Aliran darah
Membawa pergi factor koagulasi yang aktif biar g numpuk di satu tmpt
(kalo numpuk thrombosis)

2. Inhibitor Koagulasi
a. Di darah ada protein aktif yang ngehambat factor koagulasi
antithrombin, protein C, protein S, Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor
(TFPI)
b. Antithrombin menetralkan semua factor koagulasi aktif
c. Heparin bs ningkatin kerja antithrombin, tp g bs kerja tanpa
antithrombin
d. Protein C diaktifkan Thrombin (+ bantuan Thrombomodulin)
Protein C aktif (+ bantuan Protein S) inaktifasi factor F Va dan F
VIIIa
Protein C dan S termasuk vitamin K dependent protein
e. TFPI hambat F Xa dan F VIIa

3. Mekanisme Pembersihan (clearance mechanism)

Sel hati dan Reticulo Endothelial System (RES) membersihkan darah dari
factor koagulasi aktif
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http://www.ganfyd.org/index.php?title=Coagulation_and_fibrinolysis_pathway