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Progress Report No 2

Progress Report No. 2

Project ID: 3751


Project Type: Engineering
Project Title: USE OF COLD FORMED STEEL IN RESIDENTIAL HOUSING
Principal Investigator: EGYPT: Dr Metwally Abu-Hamd, Cairo University
USA: Dr Benjamin Schafer, Johns Hopkins University
Affiliation: EGYPT: Professor of Steel Structures, Faculty of Engineering,
Cairo University.
USA: Chairman, Civil Engineering Dept., Johns Hopkins University

Project Start Date: October 16, 2011

Project End Date: October 15, 2013

Project Duration: Two years

Reporting period: From: January 16, 2011


To: October 15, 2012

Date of submission: October 15, 2012

Signature of Principal Investigators:

Egypt P.I. U.S. P.I.

Prof Dr Metwally Abu-Hamd Prof Dr Ben Schaffer


Progress Report No 2

1. Objectives of the reporting period, as given in the submitted grant application:

Research Activity No.2: Building Archetypes Study

A building archetype study has been executed considering the following key steps:
(Numbers refer to Gantt chart in original proposal):
2.1 Selection of rural and urban locations for archetype homes (Already covered in
first progress report)

2.2 Design and cost analysis of traditional concrete framing in Egypt (covered in
this report)

2.3 Design and cost analysis of conventional cold formed steel framing (covered
in this report)

2.4 Design and cost analysis of dual system cold formed steel framing (scheduled to
be covered in next reports)

2.5 Environmental impact and sustainability assessment (covered in this report)

2.6 Sensitivity analysis (scheduled to be covered in next reports)

2. Former achievements through this contract:


Item no. 2.1 of the building archetype study, i.e., selection of archetype homes, has
been covered in the first progress report covering the first three months period from
16/10/2011 to 15/1/2012. Based on the findings of that report, four archetypes were
selected from the National Housing project models to represent Egyptian archetypes.
These models are characterized by small flat areas typically used for affordable
housing provided by the government to help low and medium income citizens. Two
more archetypes with bigger flat areas were added to the original selections to include
archetypes used by higher income citizens. Accordingly, the following archetype
design matrix has been developed:
Progress Report No 2

No. Steel Design System


RC
Design Load
Skeletal Bearing Novel
1 63 m2 Model I 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3
6 Floors @ 4 flatsx63 m2

2 63 m2 Model II 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3


6 Floors @ 6 flatsx63 m2

3 80 m2 Model 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3


6 Floors @ 4 flatsx80 m2

4 100 m2 Model 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3


Five Floors @ 4 flatsx100
m2

Gantt Chart Execution M6-


Period M3-M6 M12 M6-M12 M13-M18

Additional Models to Substitute US Wood Models:

No. Steel Design System


RC
Design Load
Skeletal Bearing Novel
5 80 m2 Model 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3
6 Floors @ 4 flatsx63 m2

6 100 m2 Model 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3


6 Floors @ 6 flatsx63 m2

Gantt Chart Execution M6-


Period M3-M6 M12 M6-M12 M13-M18
Progress Report No 2

3. Technical/Scientific Accomplishment/Activities

a) Task no. 2.2


Task Title: Design and cost analysis of traditional concrete framing in Egypt
Duration: Three Month (M4 to M6)
Objective(s): Design and cost analysis of selected building archetypes using
conventional reinforced concrete framing based on Egyptian Design Specifications for
loads and design

Narrative Description of actual accomplishments:

i) Design of traditional concrete framing:

The following reinforced concrete home archetypes have been designed:


1- Model 1 comprising a six-story building having four 63 m2 flats in each story.
2- Model 2 comprising a six-story building having six 63 m2 flats in each story.
3- Model 3 comprising a six story building having six 42 m2 flats in each story.
4- Model 4 comprising a three-story family home with a floor area of 76 m2.

All models were assumed to have a conventional skeletal reinforced concrete


construction comprising a 10 cm RC floor slab supported on RC beams and columns.
Exterior and interior walls are made of bricks.

The design was performed using the following Egyptian Codes:


1- Egyptian code of practice for calculation of loads and forces on structures
2011.
2- Egyptian code of practice for the LRFD Design of Reinforced Concrete
Structures 202 2008.

Detailed design calculations of these four buildings are given in Appendix A1.
Based on these design calculations, the following concrete and reinforcing steel
quantities have been determined:
Progress Report No 2

Model 1: (63 m2-4 flats)

Floor
280.53
Area = m2
Reinfor. kg
Quantity m3 steel/conc
No. of floors 6 Steel steel/
(m3) Conc./m2 (kg/m3)
(ton) m2
Plain Concrete
147.39 ------ 0.09
Footing
R. Concrete
112.68 6.00 0.07 3.57 53.26
Footings
Columns /story 12.33 3.01 0.04 10.73 244.34
Slab & Beams/
43.77 3.93 0.16 14.01 89.79
story
Total 449.25 12.94 0.27 28.31

Model 2: 63 m2-6 flats

Floor Area = 400 m2

Reinfor. kg
(m3 ) m3 Steel/conc
No. of floors 6 Steel steel/
concrete Conc./m2 (kg/m3)
(ton) m2
Plain Concrete
180.51 ------ 0.07
Footing
R. Concrete
248.97 13.97 0.10 5.36 56.10
Footings
Columns /story 20.15 4.99 0.05 11.49 247.52
Slab & Beams/
68.01 6.14 0.16 14.15 90.26
story
Total 777.92 80.72 0.30 31.00
Progress Report No 2

Model 3: 42 m2-4 flats

Floor Area 197.50 m2

Reinfor. m3 kg steel/
Concrete
No. of floors 6 Steel Conc./ steel/ conc
m3
(ton) m2 m2 (kg/m3)
Plain Concrete
153.68 ------ 0.13
Footing
R. Concrete
113.05 6.93 0.10 5.85 61.29
Footings
Columns /story 11.69 2.44 0.06 12.38 209.20
Slab & Beams/
36.93 3.05 0.19 15.42 82.48
story
Total 404.76 39.87 0.34 33.65

Model 4: EBNI BETAK Model: 76 m2 / 3 floors

Floor Area = 76.09 m2

Reinfor. m3 kg Steel/
No. of floors 3 Concrete Steel Conc./ steel/ conc
(ton) m2 m2 (kg/m3)
Plain Concrete
12.05 ------ 0.05
Footing
R. Concrete
15.43 1.59 0.07 6.97 103.05
Footings
Columns /story 3.80 0.95 0.05 12.50 250.26
Slab & Beams/
13.21 1.62 0.17 21.24 122.32
story
Total 66.47 9.29 0.29 40.71

The a.m. quantities shall be used next in research activity no. 2.5 to compare
conventional RC construction against proposed cold formed steel construction from
the view points of environmental impact and sustainability assessment.
Progress Report No 2

ii) Cost Analysis of traditional concrete framing:

1- Cost Break of Concrete Construction:


Progress Report No 2

2- Cost Break Down of Concrete Production:

Cost Calculations:
1.Batch plant

1.1. Fixed Costs

1.1.1.Renting Cost
a. Renting cost= 450,000LE/year
b. Total renting cost in the 2 years = 450,000*2= 900,000 LE

1.1.2. Initial Cost


c. Transportation Cost= 22,000LE
d. Erection Cost= 70,000LE

1.1.3. Dismantling Cost


= 30,000LE

Total fixed cost= 900,000+22,000+70,000+30,000= 1022000 LE


Cost per m3= 1022000/85560= 12 LE/m3

1.2. Variable Costs

1.2.1 Labours
Batch Plant Operators cost= 20LE/hr
Batch plant produces 30m3/hr
Operator cost= 20/30= 0.667 LE/m3

1.2.2 Carpentry crew


Productivity of a carpentry crew in columns= 2m3/d
Cost= 130LE/day = 70LE/m3
Productivity of carpentry crew in slabs= 1.3m3/d
Cost = 130LE/day = 100LE/m3
Productivity of carpentry crew in raft foundation= 2m3/d
Cost= 70LE/m3
Progress Report No 2

1.2.3 Steel fixing Crew


Productivity in columns= 3m3/d
Cost= 150LE/d = 50LE/m3
Productivity is slabs= 2.5m3/d
Cost= 60LE/m3
Productivity in raft foundation= 3m3/d
Cost= 50LE/m3

2. Materials Cost

2.1. For Reinforced concrete

Aggregate: 69 LE/m3
Sand: 30 LE/m3

Cement: number of bags needed in one m3 of concrete is 8 bags. The
cost of one bag is 26.65 LE. The total cost of cement is 26.65*8=
213.2 LE/m3

Admixtures: 8 LE/m3
Steel Reinforcement cost = 4525 LE/ton

1 m3 of concrete requires about 90 to 110 KG of steel reinforcement


(Average of 100KG)
Cost of steel reinforcement= 452.5 LE/m3
Total cost of 1 m3= 69+30+213.2+8+452.5=772.7 LE/m3
Thus the total cost of the 85,560m3 of Concrete= 772.7*82505=63,751,613.5 LE
Average cost for formwork =18LE/m3 (columns and walls)
Average cost for formwork = 22LE/m3 (slabs)

2.2 For plain concrete

Aggregate: 69 LE/m3
Sand: 30 LE/m3
Cement: number of bags needed in one m3 of concrete is 5 bags. The cost
of one bag is 26.65 LE. The total cost of cement is 26.65*5= 133.25 LE/m3
Admixtures: 7LE/m3
Progress Report No 2

Form work: 10LE/m3


Total cost of 1 m3= 69+30+133.25+7+10= 249.25 LE/m3
Thus the total cost of the 85,560m3 of Concrete= 249.25*3055=761,458.75 LE
3. Equipment
Truck mixer cost= 25 LE/hr (Capacity of 10m3)
Truck mixer cost= 2.5LE/m3
Pump Cost= 60 LE/hr
In columns and cores the pump would pour 12 m3/hr,
Where in beams and slabs it would pour about 22 m3/hr
Therefore for its cost on slabs= 60/22= 2.73 LE/m3,
And cost on columns and cores = 60/12= 5 LE/m3
Tower crane rental cost is about 800 LE/day
Cost per m3= 30 LE/m3
Vibrator Purchase cost = 1700 LE
Required 2 vibrators for the whole project
Cost of vibrators= (2*1700)/85650) = 0.04 LE/hr

Total Cost for Plain Concrete=12+ 249.25+70+2.5+2.73+0.04+0.667= 337.2 LE/m3


Total Cost for Reinforced concrete for raft foundation= 12+772.7
+20+70+50+2.5+2.73+0.04+0.667+30= 960.637 LE/m3
Total Cost for Reinforced concrete for columns & Cores= 12+772.7
+18+70+50+2.5+5+0.04+0.667+30=960.907LE/m3
Total Cost for Reinforced concrete for Slabs=
12+772.7+23+70+50+2.5+2.73+0.04+0.667+30= 963.637 LE/m3
Assuming Site overheads, General overheads& Contingencies are about 25%
Total Cost for Plain Concrete= 337.2 LE/m3 * 1.25= 421.5 LE/m3
Total Cost for Reinforced concrete for raft foundation= 960.637 LE/m3* 1.25=
1200.79625 LE/m3
Total Cost for Reinforced concrete for columns & Cores= 960.907LE/m3* 1.25=
1201.13375 LE/m3
Total Cost for Reinforced concrete for Slabs= 963.637 LE/m3* 1.25= 1204.54625
LE/m3
Progress Report No 2

b) Task no. 2.3

Task Title: Design and cost analysis of conventional cold formed steel framing
Duration: Six Month (M6 to M12)
Objectives: Design and cost analysis of selected building archetypes using
conventional cold formed steel framing.

Narrative Description of Actual Accomplishments:

i) Design of conventional cold formed framing:

In this Task, the structural design of the selected home archetypes using conventional
cold formed steel construction was performed. The following design assumptions
were used:
1- Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) panels are used for floors and walls.
These panels, in addition to having considerably lighter weights, are pre-cast in
the factory and transported to site ready for fast erection.
2- Two structural systems have been used: one using skeletal framing solution
and the second using wall bearing framing solution.
3- The design was performed using the International accepted American Iron and
Steel Institute (AISI) code for cold formed steel design. This code was used
instead of the not so highly developed Egyptian code.

Detailed sample design calculations of the structural analysis and design are given in
Appendix A2 for the skeletal system (for Models 63x3 and 80 m2) and in Appendix A3
for the wall bearing system (for models 63x4, 63x6, and 80 m2). Based on these
calculations the following quantities have been calculated:
Progress Report No 2

I) Results for Skeletal Systems:

1- Model 63x4 with Floor Area = 280 m2

Item Quantity Steel Wt. / m2 %


Plain Concrete Footing (m3) 40 ----
Reinforced. Concrete (m3) 40 ----
Floor Beams (ton) 27.773 16.53
Columns (ton) 18.032 10.733
Bracings (ton) 2.158 1.285
Misc.(10 %) (ton) 4.796 2.855
Total Steel Wt. 52.759 31.40

2- Model 63x6 with Floor Area = 400 m2

Item Quantity Steel Wt. / m2 %


Plain Concrete Footing (m3) 58
Reinforced. Concrete (m3) 55
Floor Beams (ton) 41 17.08
Columns (ton) 24 10
Bracings (ton) 3 1.25
Misc.(10 %) (ton) 6.8 2.83
Total Steel Wt. 74.8 31.16
Progress Report No 2

3- Model 80x4 with Floor Area = 365 m2

Item Quantity Steel Wt. / m2 %


Plain Concrete Footing (m3) 52
Reinforced. Concrete (m3) 53
Floor Beams (ton) 35.893 16.389
Columns (ton) 27.731 12.662
Bracings (ton) 2.582 1.18
Misc.(10 %) (ton) 6.62 3.023
Total Steel Wt. 72.826 33.253

4- Model 100x4 with Floor Area = 460 m2

Item Quantity Steel Wt. kg/ m2 %


Plain Concrete Footing (m3) 65
Reinforced. Concrete (m3) 66
Floor Beams (ton) 45.520 16.142
Columns (ton) 34.096 12.091
Bracings (ton) 2.924 1.037
Misc.(10 %) (ton) 8.254 2.927
Total Steel Wt. 90.794 32.20
Progress Report No 2

II) Results for Wall Bearing Systems:

1- Model 63x4 with Floor Area = 280 m2

Item Quantity Steel Wt. / m2 %


(ton)
Plain Concrete Footing (m3) 40 ----
Reinforced. Concrete (m3) 40 ----
Floor Beams (ton) 12.915 7.688
Studs (ton) 13.26 7.893
Bracings (ton) 14.43 8.589
Misc.(10 %) (ton) 4.06 2.417
Total Steel Wt. 44.667 26.587

2- Model 63x6 with Floor Area = 400 m2

Item Quantity Steel Wt. / m2 %


(ton)
Plain Concrete Footing (m3) 60
Reinforced. Concrete (m3) 60
Floor Beams (ton) 20.685 8.618
Columns (ton) 17.64 7.35
Bracings (ton) 16.275 6.781
Misc.(10 %) (ton) 5.46 2.275
Total Steel Wt. 60.06 25.025
Progress Report No 2

3- Model 80x4 with Floor Area = 365 m2

Item Quantity Steel Wt. / m2 %


(ton)
Plain Concrete Footing (m3) 55
Reinforced. Concrete (m3) 55
Floor Beams (ton) 17.783 8.12
Columns (ton) 16.545 7.555
Bracings (ton) 18.289 8.35
Misc.(10 %) (ton) 5.261 3.023
Total Steel Wt. 57.876 26.427

The a.m. quantities shall be used next in research activity no. 2.5 to compare
conventional RC construction against proposed cold formed steel construction from
the view points of environmental impact and sustainability assessment.

III) Cost Analysis of Conventional Cold Formed Framing:

Unlike reinforced concrete construction, there are very few producers of cold formed
steel sections in Egypt. Therefore the production cost was not calculated similar to
concrete but rather taken from the producers as follows:
1- Material Cost of un-galvanized steel = 5000 LE /ton
2- Material Cost of painted steel = 6000 LE /ton
3- Material Cost of galvanized steel = 7000 LE/ton

The cost of transportation, fabrication and erection is estimated at 1000 LE/ton.


An additional 15 % is added to cover contractor's profit. Accordingly the final cost is
calculated as follows:
1- Final Cost of un-galvanized steel = 6900 LE /ton
2- Final Cost of painted steel = 8050 LE /ton
3- Final Cost of galvanized steel = 9200 LE/ton
Progress Report No 2

c) Task no. 2.5

Task Title: Environmental impact and sustainability assessment.


Duration: Six Month (M6 to M12)
Objectives: Existing sustainability tools will be utilized to assess the environmental
impact of various home archetypes.

Narrative Description of actual accomplishments:


5.2.1 Sustainability

Figure 2.5.1: The Three Pillars of Sustainability

Environmental, economic, and social concerns are often described as the triple
bottom line of sustainability and sustainable development (Figure 2.5.1). Any attempt
toward true improvement in sustainability must consider all three pillars, not just one or
two. The term sustainable development can be described as enhancing quality of life
and thus allowing people to live in a healthy environment and improve social,
economic and environmental conditions for present and future generations. Since the
world commission on environment and development (WCED), entitled Our Common
Future (1987), sustainable development has gained much attention in all nations and
a report was published which called for a strategy that united development and the
environment and which also made a declaration describing sustainable development
as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.

Improving social, economic and environmental indicators of sustainable development


are drawing attention to the construction industry. In order to overcome the increasing
Progress Report No 2

concern of todays resource depletion and to address environmental considerations in


both developed and developing countries, life cycle assessment (LCA) can be applied
to decision making in order to improve sustainability in the construction industry. Life
cycle assessment is a valuable tool through which designers, policy-makers, and
consumers can understand how to lower the environmental impact of any structure.

LCA deals mainly with the environmental aspect of a products impact, and it is difficult
or impossible to incorporate economic and social concerns in most cases. While cost
can sometimes be quantified in impact assessment, it is not normally part of a life cycle
inventory. Social issues are extremely broad and usually too qualitative to put in an
LCA model; only those factors that can be quantified, such as a carcinogenic
emissions impact on human cancer rates, can be considered in impact assessment.
Therefore, LCA presents only a partial picture of how a product may impact
sustainability concerns from a truly holistic viewpoint.

An environmental assessment of the performance of a building, a roadway, or any


other object properly spans the entire life cycle. Limiting such an assessment to
one phase of the life cycle can lead to conclusions and actions that are poorly
informed. Products and services have impacts throughout their life, beginning with
raw materials extraction and product manufacturing, continuing through construction,
operation and maintenance, and finally ending with a waste management strategy.
Conventional environmental assessments often overlook one or more of these
phases, leading to incomplete results and inadequate conclusions. Life cycle
assessment (LCA) can be used to evaluate all phases of the life cycle, providing a
comprehensive analysis of the environmental burden of building construction and
operation.

An LCA presents an accurate estimate of the quantities and timing of environmental


impacts. It therefore provides a solid basis for identifying the benefits of changes in
the construction of a building or its operation. The assessment of alternatives can
yield a direction (more or less usage of a specific material or system) and order-
of-magnitude estimate of the impact of a given change. Such assessments can
form an unbiased comparison of alternative design strategies, and directional ideas
for environmental improvements. For buildings, these strategies may include
greater use of thermal insulation or location of concrete in a way that maximizes its
heat-storage characteristics.

5.2.2 Life Cycle Assessment of Structures

Construction materials constitute a major percentage of the resources humans use


today. It is estimated that approximately 75% of all material consumption in the United
States consisted of construction materials, and this number does not even include
industrial minerals such as the cement that goes into concrete (Figure 3). Despite the
fact that material consumption has grown much faster in the rest of the world than in
the United States, the US still consumed approximately one- third of the worlds
materials in 1995, or 2.8 billion metric tons. That corresponds to at least 2.1 billion
metric tons of construction materials in the US alone, and only 8% of these materials
were considered renewable. The World watch Institute estimates that world building
Progress Report No 2

construction is responsible for 40% of the stone, sand, and gravel, 40% of the energy,
and 16% of the water used globally. Buildings consume half of the European Unions
the total energy and emit half its annual carbon dioxide production throughout their life
cycles. Although steel is a largely recyclable resource, it comes with high energy
requirements. Construction materials such as concrete are more difficult to recycle,
and as essentially nonrenewable resources they contribute more to total material
consumption.

Figure 2.5.2: Raw materials consumed in the United States

The construction and maintenance of buildings is responsible for the majority of


materials consumption in the United States. The operation of buildings is currently
responsible for about 40% of national annual energy usage and about 70% of
national electricity consumption (EIA 2003).

In recent years, environmental concerns have come to the fore. The exponential
growth of the U.S. Green Building Council over the last decade symbolizes the
growing concern to reduce the environmental impacts of buildings. The steady
increase of CO2 levels in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic activity and
increasing consensus among scientists of the likely relation of human emissions to
changes in climate has led to consideration and implementation of policies to reduce
consumption of fossil fuels and associated emission of greenhouse gases. In the
U.S., experts in the government, industry and academia recognize that improved
performance of buildings is financially attractive when compared with increased use
of renewable, low-carbon energy sources.
Progress Report No 2

Because of numerous innovations reducing energy use during the operational phase
of a building, the embodied energy due to a buildings materials and construction is
becoming a larger percentage of a buildings total energy over its lifetime. Therefore,
it is essential to investigate the embodied energy of structures and determine ways to
reduce this energy in the same way operational energy has already been reduced.
This could be accomplished by changing the structural system of the building to use
different or fewer construction materials. Life cycle assessment is an essential tool to
help civil and structural engineers understand how they can contribute to lowering the
embodied energy of any structure. The potential for paradigm shifts in structural
design due to the lessons learned from LCA could be significant.

5.2.2. Conceptual basis of life cycle assessment

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodology for evaluating the environmental impact
of processes and products (goods and services) during their life cycle from cradle to
grave. LCA has been used in the building sector since 1990 and is an important tool
for assessing buildings. The description of the LCA methodology is based on the
International standards of series ISO 14040 and consists of four distinct analytical
steps: dening the goal and scope, creating the inventory, assessing the impact
and nally interpreting the results.

Figure 2.5.3: Stages of Life Cycle Assessment (ISO 2006a)

The LCA approach to quantifying environmental impact is formalized by the


International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14040 series. Notable
documents in this series are ISO 14040:2006 Principles and Framework and ISO
14044:2006 Requirements and Guidelines (ISO 2006a; ISO 2006b), which
together outline fundamental concepts relevant to developing and conducting an
LCA study. The ISO standards break the LCA framework into four stages: goal
and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment and interpretation.
Progress Report No 2

Figure 2.5.3 depicts these stages, their relationship and potential applications. As
described by ISO, the stages include the following activities:

1. Goal and scope definition describes the plan for conducting an LCA. The
goal defines the intended application, the reasons for conducting a study, the
intended audience, and the dissemination of the final product. The scope
provides the approach to meet the stated goals, including defining the functional
unit(s), system boundaries, impact assessment methodology, and other relevant
parameters.
2. Inventory analysis describes and quantifies the inputs and outputs of each
process that falls within the scope. This is the key organizational step in the LCA
process, where the data and process relationships are established. Within the
inventory analysis, the life cycle is broken down into phases (e.g., pre-use, use,
end-of-life), which are further organized into processes (e.g., materials flows,
transportation distances). On the lowest level, these processes contain data on
inputs (i.e., material and energy consumption) and outputs (i.e., products, emissions
and wastes). The life cycle inventory then sums up all inputs and all outputs that
cross the defined system boundary. In an ideal case, the inventory contains only
elementary flows (flows taken from or released into the environment without further
transformation) such as resources, emissions or waste energy. Inventory analysis
results can then be summed over all processes to determine the total emissions over
the life cycle.
3. Impact assessment uses impact categories to quantify the environmental
damages based on the inventory data. For instance, the impact category global
warming potential characterizes carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and other
greenhouse gases through their warming potential, commonly expressed in carbon
dioxide equivalents, or CO2e.
4. Interpretation synthesizes the results from the inventory analysis and/or impact
assessment stages in order to draw defensible conclusions. This stage allows the
LCA practitioner to make recommendations to decision-makers in the context of
assessment uncertainties and assumptions.

5.2.3 LCA Tools

Various LCA tools have been developed and made available for use in environmental
assessment. These tools have been classied according to three levels. Level 3 is
called Whole building assessment framework or systems and consists of
methodologies such as BREEAM (UK), LEED (USA), SEDA (Aus); level 2 is titled
Whole building design decision or decision support tools and uses LISA (Aus),
Ecoquantum (NL), Envest (UK), ATHENA (Canada), BEE (FIN); nally level 1 is for
product comparison tools and includes Gabi (GER), SimaPro (NL), TEAM (Fra) LCAiT
(SE). Some databases used for environmental evaluation are: CML, DEAM TM,
Ecoinvent Data, GaBi 4 Professional, IO-database for Denmark 1999, Simapro
database, the Boustead Model 5.0 and US Life cycle inventory database. It is
observed that previous tools and databases vary according to users, application, data,
geographical location and scope. The data represents conditions in industrialized
countries. Data from developing and emerging countries, however, is still lacking. For
Progress Report No 2

example the use of European and American database may not lead to correct
decisions in developing countries.

5.2.4 Athena Impact Estimator

a) Description of Software

The Athena Impact Estimator is a whole building, life cycle based environmental
assessment tool that lets building designers, product specifiers and policy analysts
compare the relative environmental effects or trade-offs across alternative building
design solutions at the conceptual design stage. Some of the Impact Estimators
specific features include:

the ability to model the buildings complete structure and envelope (claddings,
insulation, gypsum wall board, and roofing and window systems over 1200
possible assembly combinations) over the expected life of a building;
the ability to model maintenance and replacement life cycle effects based on
building type, location and a user defined expected life for the building;
a regionally sensitive calculator to convert operating energy to primary energy
and emissions to allow users to compare embodied and operating energy
environmental effects over the buildings life (requires a separate estimate of
operating energy as an input);
an "end-of-life" module, which simulates demolition energy and final disposition
of the materials incorporated in a building;
a context sensitive help facility in place of a users manual; and,
the capability to model both Canadian and US regional locations.

Impact Estimator results are presented in various ways and levels of detail to meet the
needs of different types of users. A researcher wanting detail can see the results by
specific energy forms or waste substances, by life cycle stage and by assembly type.
An architect may only be interested in tabular or graphical displays of summary
measures or characterizations by building assembly and for the total design. The
Impact Estimator also allows the user to make direct comparisons among alternative
designs on an absolute basis, on a per unit area basis or on a relative basis where one
design is selected as the baseline project.

In North America, the Athena Impact Estimator for Buildings is the only software tool
that evaluates whole buildings and assemblies based on internationally recognized life
cycle assessment (LCA) methodology.

Using the Estimator, architects, engineers and others can easily assess and compare
the environmental implications of industrial, institutional, commercial and residential
designsboth for new buildings and major renovations. Where relevant, the software
also distinguishes between owneroccupied and rental facilities.

The Estimator puts the environment on equal footing with other more traditional design
criteria at the conceptual stage of a project. It incorporates Athenas own widely
Progress Report No 2

acclaimed building material life cycle inventory databases as well as those contained
in the US LCI database (www.nrel.gov/lci). It is capable of simulating over 1,200
different assembly combinations and is applicable to 95% of the building stock in North
America.
With the addition of Los Angeles and Seattle in version 4.1, seismic effects have been
added to the structural calculations for projects in Los Angeles, Seattle and
Vancouver.
The Estimator takes into account the environmental impacts of:

Material manufacturing, including resource extraction and recycled content


Related transportation
On-site construction
Regional variation in energy use, transportation and other factors
Building type and assumed lifespan
Maintenance, repair and replacement effects
Demolition and end-of-life disposition
Operating energy emissions and pre-combustion effects

Although the Estimator doesnt include an operating energy simulation capability, it


does allow users to enter the results of a simulation in order to compute the fuel cycle
burdens and factor them into the overall results.

Although LCA is a complex process, the Estimator has been designed for ease of use.
The first step is to enter required information such as geographic location (the system
allows users to select from specific Canadian and US regions as well as a US national
average), expected building life and occupancy type, and, if desired, optional
information such as annual operating energy by fuel type.

b) Software Input/Output:

Preset dialog boxes prompt users to describe the different assembliesby requesting
the geometry, live load of a floor assembly and envelope attributes, for examplethat
together form a conceptual building design. The Estimator then instantly provides
cradletograve implications in terms of:

Absolute Values:

Energy total and primary energy consumed


Air Emissions
Water Emissions
Land Emissions
Ecologically Weighted Resource Use
Progress Report No 2

or Summary Measures:

Fossil Fuel Consumption


Acidification Potential
Global Warming Potential
Human Health Criteria
Ozone Depletion Potential
Smog Potential
Eutrophication Potential

Detailed LCA Results: Results from an individual design can be seen in summary
tables and graphs by assembly group and life cycle stage. Detailed tables and graphs
show individual energy use by type or form of energy and emissions by individual
substance for both the assembly group and life cycle stage breakouts.
Make Flexible Comparison of Alternate Building Designs: Accommodating up to
five comparisons at once, the Estimator allows users to change the design, substitute
materials, and make sidebyside comparisons for any one or all of the environmental
impact indicators. Or compare the new building design to one you did last year. You
can also compare similar projects with different floor areas on a unit floor area basis.
The Estimator can perform as many as five project comparisons at a time.
Interpreting Impact Estimator Results: As output, the Impact Estimator produces a
detailed life cycle inventory for an entered design. It also generates a set of summary
impact indicators in graphical and tabular form based on US EPAs Tool for the
Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (the US
Environmental Protection Agencys TRACI - Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of
Chemical and other environmental Impacts) life cycle impact indicator methodology
(2007 version).

c) Environmental Impact:
The Athena Impact Estimator software calculates the environmental impact based on
the following environmental measures:

1. global warming potential


2. acidification potential
3. ozone depletion
4. smog
5. fossil fuel consumption
6. aquatic eutrophication potential
7. human health criteria air-mobile
8. total primary energy
Progress Report No 2

These eight environmental measures are described briefly as follows:


1- Global Warming Potential (GWP)
Global warming potential is a reference measure. The methodology and science
behind the GWP calculation can be considered one of the most accepted LCIA
categories. GWP will be expressed on an equivalency basis relative to CO2 in kg or
tonnes CO2 equivalent.
Carbon dioxide is the common reference standard for global warming or greenhouse
gas effects. All other greenhouse gases are referred to as having a "CO2 equivalence
effect" which is simply a multiple of the greenhouse potential (heat trapping capability)
of carbon dioxide. This effect has a time horizon due to the atmospheric reactivity or
stability of the various contributing gases over time.
As yet, no consensus has been reached among policy makers about the most
appropriate time horizon for greenhouse gas calculations. The International Panel on
Climate Change100-year time horizon figures have been used here as a basis for the
equivalence index:
CO2 Equivalent kg = CO2 kg + (CH4 kg x 23) + (N2O kg x 300)
While greenhouse gas emissions are largely a function of energy combustion, some
products also emit greenhouse gases during the processing of raw materials. Process
emissions often go unaccounted for due to the complexity associated with modelling
manufacturing process stages. One example where process CO2 emissions are
significant is in the production of cement (calcination of limestone). Because the
Impact Estimator uses data developed by a detailed life cycle modelling approach, all
relevant process emissions of greenhouse gases are included in the resultant global
warming potential index.

2- Acidification Potential (AP)


Acidification is a more regional rather than global impact effecting human health when
high concentrations of NOx and SO2 are attained. The AP of an air or water emission is
calculated on the basis of its H+ equivalence effect on a mass basis.

3- Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)


Stratospheric ozone depletion potential accounts for impacts related to the reduction of
the protective ozone layer within the stratosphere caused by emissions of ozone
depleting substances (CFCs, HFCs, and halons). The ozone depletion potential of
each of the contributing substances is characterized relative to CFC-11, with the final
impact indicator indicating mass (e.g., kg) of equivalent CFC-11.

4- Photochemical Ozone Formation Potential (Smog)


Under certain climatic conditions, air emissions from industry and transportation can
be trapped at ground level where, in the presence of sunlight, they produce
photochemical smog, a symptom of photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP).
While ozone is not emitted directly, it is a product of interactions of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The smog indicator is expressed on
a mass of equivalent O3 basis.
Progress Report No 2

5- Fossil Fuel Consumption


Fossil Fuel Consumption is reported in mega-joules (MJ). Embodied Fossil Fuel
Consumption includes all energy, direct and indirect, used to transform or transport
raw materials into products and buildings, including inherent energy contained in raw
or feedstock materials that are also used as common energy sources. (For example,
natural gas used as a raw material in the production of various plastic (polymer)
resins.) In addition, the Impact Estimator captures the indirect energy use associated
with processing, transporting, converting and delivering fuel and energy plus the
operating energy.
6- Aquatic Eutrophication Potential
Eutrophication is the fertilization of surface waters by nutrients that were previously
scarce. When a previously scarce or limiting nutrient is added to a water body it leads
to the proliferation of aquatic photosynthetic plant life. This may lead to a chain of
further consequences ranging from foul odours to the death of fish. The calculated
result is expressed on an equivalent mass of nitrogen (N) basis.
7- Human Health (HH) Criteria Air-Mobile
Particulate matter of various sizes (PM10 and PM2.5) have a considerable impact on
human health. The EPA has identified "particulates" (from diesel fuel combustion) as
the number one cause of human health deterioration due to its impact on the human
respiratory system asthma, bronchitis, acute pulmonary disease, etc. It should be
mentioned that particulates are an important environmental output of plywood product
production and need to be traced and addressed. The Institute used TRACIs "Human
Health Particulates from Mobile Sources" characterization factor, on an equivalent
PM10 basis, in our final set of impact indicators.
8- Total Primary Energy Consumption
Although not presented in the summary measure table, Total Primary Energy
Consumption is reported in mega-joules (MJ) at the bottom of the Energy
Consumption absolute value table. Embodied primary energy includes all energy,
direct and indirect, used to transform or transport raw materials into products and
buildings, including inherent energy contained in raw or feedstock materials that are
also used as common energy sources. (For example, natural gas used as a raw
material in the production of various plastic (polymer) resins.) In addition, the Impact
Estimator captures the indirect energy use associated with processing, transporting,
converting and delivering fuel and energy and energy plus the operating energy.

5.2.5 Application to the Present Project


In order to assess the environmental impact of the cold formed steel systems
proposed in this project, a life cycle assessment has been performed using the Athena
Impact estimator to:
1- Calculate the environmental measures of different designs.
2- Compare the environmental impact of traditional concrete construction and
proposed cold formed steel construction.
Progress Report No 2

The LCA methodology used in this study is as follows:

i- Goal

This study compares different construction systems for a range of building types
in order to benchmark cold formed steel residential building systems in relation to
other traditional concrete building systems.

ii- Scope

The reference flow of this LCA is one buildings structure and shell over a 60-
year lifetime, which is a conventional analysis period of building LCAs. The functional
unit is the useable area for each building type. All buildings are finished to the same
degree with only the structural systems differing. The system boundary is defined as
cradle-to-grave.

The life cycle of the buildings is broken into three phases: pre-use, use, and end-
of-life (Figure 2.5.4). The pre-use phase is the cradle-to-site portion, from raw
material extraction to manufacturing and processing and finally, transportation from
the factory to the job site. No specific data could be obtained for the operating
energy in Egypt so that this item was not included in the assessment. The end-of-
life phase assumes total demolition of the building. The majority of the material is
sent to a landfill while steel is recycled. Additionally, half of the demolished concrete
is assumed to be recycled into aggregate. The term 'embodied refers to the
emissions associated with materials and their disposal throughout the life cycle of the
building. The term 'operating refers only to the energy and emissions associated with
the operation of the building throughout the use phase.

Figure 2.5.4 Building LCA system boundary used in this study

The bill of material used to calculate the environmental impacts are as follows:
Progress Report No 2

Bill of Materials for Reinforced Concrete Design

Bill of Materials for Cold Formed Steel Design

iii- Inventory Analysis

The inventory analysis already included in the Athena software was used in the
study.

iv- Impact Assessment

The results of applying Athena Environmental Impact Estimator to the present project
are shown next. Graphical presentations of the results clearly show that the proposed
steel construction has considerably less environmental impact than the traditional
concrete construction.
Progress Report No 2

a) Comparison of Environmental Impact Measures by Life Cycle Stages:

1- Global Warming Potential

2- Acidification Potential
Progress Report No 2

3- Ozone Depletion Potential

4- Smog Potential
Progress Report No 2

5- Fossil Fuel Consumption

6- Aquatic Eutrophication Potential


Progress Report No 2

7- Human Health Criteria Air-Mobile


Progress Report No 2

b) Comparison of Environmental Impact Measures by Assembly Groups


Progress Report No 2
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Progress Report No 2

c) Embodied Energy Consumption Absolute Value Chart By Life Cycle Stages

Project Concrete Design model 63x4

Embodied Energy Consumption Absolute Value Chart By Life Cycle Stages

Project Cold Formed Steel Deign model 63x4


Progress Report No 2
Progress Report No 2

3.4 Deliverables:
1- Publications:

The work performed in the project so far has resulted in the following publications:

1- M. Abu-Hamd, Buckling Strength of Axially Loaded Cold Formed Built-Up I-


Sections, accepted for publication in the 2013 Annual Stability Conference of
the Structural Stability Research Council.

2- J. Batista-Abreu, M. Abu-Hamd, L. Vieira, Jr., B.W. Schafer, State-of-the-art


Review: accepted for presentation in the Fire Performance of Cold-Formed
Steel, ASCE Structures Congress 2013.

2- Workshop:
In order to raise the level of awareness and increase the body of knowledge of cold
formed steel construction in the society, we intend to organize a two-day workshop
on the subject. The speakers in the workshop include members of both teams from
Egypt and USA, in addition to six experts from the American Iron and Steel Institute
(AISI). The workshop announcement and proposed program are shown below:
Progress Report No 2

Egypt-US Workshop on
Use of Light Steel Framing in Residential Buildings
Cairo University (Egypt), in conjunction with the Johns Hopkins University (USA)
is organizing a two-day workshop on the use of light steel framing in residential
buildings. The workshop aims at creating awareness and spreading knowledge on
LSF resources and capabilities in the society.

Location: Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt


Date: December 9,10 / 2012
Format: 1- Key Note Lectures
2- Panel Discussions
3- Industrial Exhibition
Speakers:

1- Ben Schafer, Professor and Chair, Civil Engineering Dept, Johns Hopkins University,
USA, Vice Chairman of the Structural Stability Research Council, Active Member in
developing design specifications of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members. Developer of
CUFSM software.

2- Don Allen, Senior Engineer & Marketing at DSi Engineeering, Former Technical Director
at the Steel Framing Alliance, the Steel Stud Manufacture Association and the Cold
Formed Steel Engineers Institute, USA.

3- George Richards, Principal at Borm Associates, Inc., USA

4- Maged Hanna, Associate Professor, National Housing and Building Research Center,
Egypt

5- Metwally Abu-Hamd, Professor of Steel Structures, Cairo University, Egypt.

6- Mohammed Badr, Professor of Steel Structures, Housing and Building Research Center,
Egypt.

7- Nabil AbdelRahman, Chairman of the Cold Formed Steel Engineers Institute, Director
of Engineering at The Steel Network, USA

8- Nader ElHajj, Director at FrameCad Solutions, Former Director at NAHB Research


Center, USA.

9- Zhanjie Li, Post doctoral fellow, Civil Engineering Dept, Johns Hopkins University, USA
Progress Report No 2

Egypt-US Workshop on
Use of Light Steel Framing in Residential Buildings
Proposed Program

Day 1:Sunday December 9, 2012

08:30 09:00 Registration


09:00 09:30 Welcome Addresses: 1- President of Cairo University
2- Dean of the Faculty of Engineering
3- Director of STDF
Session 1: Application of LSF in Residential Buildings
09:30 10:00 Current Housing Status in Egypt (Metwally)
10:00 11:00 Application of LSF in Residential Building Construction (AISI/IAB)
11:00 11:30 Coffee Break
Session 2: Design Resources for LSF Construction
11:30 12:15 Design Codes (Ben)
12:15 13:00 Design Aids and Design Software (Ben/AISI/TSN)
13:00 13:30 Coffee Break
Session 3: Design Examples of LSF Residential Buildings
13:30 14:00 Alternative Solutions for floors and walls. (Badr)
14:00 14:30 Design Example A: Wall Bearing Systems (Maged)
14:30 15:00 Design Example B: Skeletal Systems (Metwally)

Day 2: Monday December 10, 2012

Session 4: Design Details of LSF Residential Buildings


09:00 09:30 Connections of Cold Formed Members (Ben)
09:30 10:00 Architectural and Services Details (---)
10:00 10:30 Fire Protection (Ben/Ellobody)
10:30 11:00 Acoustic Performance (Maged)
11:00 11:30 Coffee Break
Session 5: LSF Construction
11:30 12:00 Sustainability Assessment (Zhanjie)
12:00 12:30 CFS Production Technology (AISI/IAB)
12:30 13:00 LSF Erection Technology (AISI/IAB)
13:00 13:30 Coffee Break
Session 6: Implementation of LSF in Egypt
13:30 14:00 Present Capabilities of LSF in Egypt (Alex form/ Energya Steel)
14:00 14:30 Implementation of LSF in Egypt (---)
14:30 15:00 Closing Remarks
____________________________________________________________________________
Faculty of Engineering Cairo University
Progress Report No 2

3.5 The Gantt Chart for the reporting period:


All the scheduled tasks stated in the Gantt Chart have been executed successfully.
These tasks are:
2-1 Selection of rural and urban locations in U.S. and Egypt Done
Design and costs analysis of
2-2 traditional framing (U.S. timber, Egypt concrete) Done
2-3 conventional cold-formed steel framing Done

2-5 Environmental Impact and Sustainability assessment Done

A revised version of the Gantt Chart is shown next.


Science and Technology
Fund
Development Science and Technology Development
Established by the presedential decree number 218 for the year 2007

GANTT Chart
Project Title: Use of Cold Formed Steel in Residential Housing
Project ID:3751
Principle Investigator: Dr Metwally Abu-Hamd (Cairo University, Egypt) & Dr Benjamin Schafer (Johns Hopkins University, USA)
Start Date16/10/2011 Activity primarily in the U.S. (JHU)
Expected ETwo Years Activity primarily in Egypt (Cairo)

M4 (FIRST REPORT)
Remaining Days
Duration (Days)

Days Complete
Working Days
% Completed

M10
M11
M12
M1
M2
M3

M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
Tasks/ Activities Start End 16/10/2012

1 Research Activity 1: Development of a novel non-


proprietary cold-formed steel framing system
1.1 1-1 Develop Library of Optimal Shapes M1 M12 225+135
1.2 1-2 Develop 'dual' system for walls and floors M4 M24 360+270
1.3 1-3 Develop home archetype M4 M6 90 Done
1.4 1-4 Develop full framing solution for archetype home M10 M18 270
1.5 1-5 Demonstrate flexibility of 'dual' framing system M19 M23 135

1.6 1-6 Price estimates for building archetypes study M10 M15 180
2 Research Activity 2: Building Archetypes Study
2.1 2-1 Selection of rural and urban locations in U.S. and Egypt M1 M3 90 Done
Design and costs analysis of
2.2 2-2 traditional framing (U.S. timber, Egpyt concrete) M4 M6 90 Done
2.3 2-3 conventional cold-formed steel framing M7 M12 180 Done
2.4 2-4 novel 'dual' system cold-formed steel framing M13 M18 180
2.5 2-5 Environmental Impact and Sustainability assessment M4 M21 360 Done
2.6 2-6 Sensitivity Analysis M13 M24 360
Final Report
Progress Report No 2

3.6 The Logical Framework Matrix (LFM):


The following LFM activities have been performed:

4.1. Selection of typical design layouts presently used in residential buildings.


4.2. Identify locally available construction materials and construction methods.
4.3. Select the structural systems appropriate to each design location.
4.5. Assess sustainability and environmental impact of developed designs.
4.6. Perform detailed comparisons among developed building designs.
4.7. Analyze results to arrive at appropriate recommendations for different designs

Accordingly, all the stated performance indicators have been achieved:


1- Satisfaction of housing needs
2- Compliance with local building codes and regulations.
3- Sustainability of structural systems and construction methods to be executed at
the specified urban/rural location.

A revised version of the LFM is presented next.


Science and Technology
Development Fund

Science and Technology Development Fund


Established by the presidential decree number 218 for the year 2007

Annex 3: Logical Framework Matrix

Project Title: Use of Cold Formed Steel in Residential Housing

Project ID: 3751

Principle Investigator: Prof Dr Metwally Abu-Hamd (Egypt) & Prof Dr Benjamin Schafer (USA)

Activity description Performance Indicators Means of Verification Assumptions

1- Continued market demand


1- Goal (Overall Objective) for more residential
Increasing residential housing Increase of the share of steel 1- Analysis of relevant housing.
building capacity by using cold framed buildings in newly built governmental and private sector 2- Newly developed cold
formed steel framing. homes up to 30% of the total statistics. formed steel framing
building market. 2- Market survey of building systems shall be more
contractors. affordable to people and
3- Monitoring of building sector financially profitable to
activities building contractors.
1. People and building
contractors have the ability
to use the developed
building designs once
proven beneficial to both.
Science and Technology
Development Fund

Activity Description Performance Indicators Means of Verification Assumptions


_____________________________ _____________________________ ______________________________ ___________________________

2- Project Objectives
1- Newly built houses implement 1- Monitoring of building sector 1- Locally available materials
2.1. Development of typical steel developed systems. activities. and construction methods
framing building systems 2- Construction times are reduced 2- Market survey of newly built produce affordable designs
using locally available cross- considerably. houses. in terms of economic,
sections 3- Building contractors strongly 3- Questionnaire in building fairs environmental and
support the developed systems. and workshops. sustainability aspects.
2.2. Developing new non- 2- Society is made aware of the
proprietary steel framed benefits of the developed
systems using novel-optimized systems through successful
cross-section shapes and new marketing.
dual system for load bearing
and lateral resistance.
Science and Technology
Development Fund

Activity Description Performance Indicators Means of Verification Assumptions


_____________________________ _____________________________ ______________________________ ___________________________

3- Outputs (Results)
1- Newly built houses implement 1- Monitoring of building sector 1- Newly developed cold
3.1. Comparative study between developed systems. activities. formed steel framing
reinforced concrete houses 2- Construction times are reduced 2- Market survey of newly built systems shall be more
and developed typical cold considerably. houses. affordable to people and
formed steel houses in Egypt. 3- Building contractors strongly 3- Questionnaire in building fairs financially profitable to
support the developed systems. and workshops. building contractors.
3.2. Comparative study between 2. Building of the
wood houses and developed demonstration model shall
typical cold formed steel be financed totally by
houses in USA private sector building
contractors (see annex 6).
3.3. Comparative study between
reinforced concrete houses
and newly developed cold
formed steel houses in Egypt

3.4. Comparative study between


wood houses and newly
developed cold formed steel
houses in the USA.

3.5. Building a demonstration


model of one of the developed
designs
Science and Technology
Development Fund

Activity Description Performance Indicators Means of Verification Assumptions


_____________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________
4- Activities (*) I. Indicators:(*) 1- Survey of present residential 1- Availability of typical
i. Satisfaction of housing needs building trends from building layout designs presently
4.1. Selection of typical design ii. Compliance with local building contractor data. used in residential housing.
layouts presently used in codes and regulations. 2- Survey of social housing needs 3. Availability of data related
residential buildings. iii. Sustainability of structural in selected urban and rural to construction material
4.2. Identify locally available systems and construction locations. resources and present
construction materials and methods to be executed at the 3- Survey of available construction construction methods.
construction methods. specified urban/rural location. material resources 4. Existing facilities at Cairo
4.3. Select the structural systems 4- Review of developed design University and Johns
appropriate to each design II. Means against design codes. Hopkins University are
location. i. At the project stage all the 5- Survey of material and labor sufficient to perform the
4.4. Perform structural design and required design work shall be cost for executing the developed needed design work.
cost analysis of conventional performed by the project staff designs.
(wood in USA and concrete using mostly the available
in Egypt), typical cold facilities at Cairo University
formed steel framing, and (EGYPT) and Johns Hopkins
newly developed steel University (USA).
framing systems. ii. At the implementation stage,
4.5. Assess sustainability and training courses and
environmental impact of workshops shall be arranged
developed designs. to familiarize practicing
4.6. Perform detailed engineers and building
comparisons among contractors with the
developed building designs. developed systems.
4.7. Analyze results to arrive at
appropriate recommendations
for different design situations.
(*) Updates on 16/10/2012: Activities 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5 have been completed.
Activities 4.6 and 4.7 are partially completed.
All indicators have been achieved.
Progress Report No 2

3.7 Planning for the next reporting period:

We plan to continue as scheduled in the Gantt Chart in the following tasks:

2-4 novel 'dual' system cold-formed steel framing

2-5 Environmental Impact and Sustainability assessment (more cases to be


considered)

2-6 Sensitivity Analysis

4. The PI evaluation of the progress of the project:

1- The work executed in the first year went exactly according to the planned
activities.
2- All the scheduled tasks have been completed.
3- The obtained results are very encouraging.

5. Actual or Expected Problems Encountered and Resolutions

Description of problems encountered: None

Description of actions taken to resolve the problems: None

Description of problems expected in the future: None

Description of actions proposed to resolve the problems: NA


Progress Report No 2

6. Implementing Teams:

6.1 Egypt Team


1- Prof Dr Metwally Abu-Hamd
2- Prof Dr Mohammed Ragaee badr
3- Dr Maged Tawfick Hanna
6.2 U.S. Team
1- Prof Dr Ben Schaffer
2- Dr. Li Zhanjie
Progress Report No 2

Appendix 1:

Design of Reinforced Concrete Archetypes


Progress Report No 2

Objective

This Appendix contains the analysis and design of the conventional RC construction.
The following four archetypes are presented:
1- Model 1 having six storeys each having four 42 m2 flat.
2- Model 2 having six storeys each having four 63 m2 flat.
3- Model 3 having six storeys each having six 63 m2 flat.
4- Model 4 having three storeys each have 75 m2 floor area.

Building Dimensions

Archetype 1:

The building is 6 stories (four flats in each story) each flat is 42m2. The following
figures indicate the ground and the typical floor of the archetype.






Progress Report No 2

Archetype 2:
The building is 6 stories (four flats in each story) each flat is 63m2. The following
figures indicate the ground and the typical floor of the archetype.
Progress Report No 2

Archetype 3:

The building is 6 stories (six flats in each story) each flat is 63m2. The following figures
indicate the ground and the typical floor of the archetype.

Archetype 4:
The building is 3 stories Ebni betak . The following figures indicate the ground and
the typical floor of the archetype.
Progress Report No 2

ASSUMPTION OF THE DESIGN

Design Loads :

1- Dead load
- Own weight of slab 10 cm 250 kg/m2
- Owen weight of Slab 12 cm 300 kg/m2
- Flooring 150 kg/m2
- Wall ( brick wall ) 12 cm thick. + 4 cm plaster 300 kg/m2
- Wall (brick wall ) 25 cm thick. + 4 cm plaster 500 kg/m2

2- Live load :
- Live load ( Residential ) 200 kg/m2

3- WIND LOAD
Progress Report No 2

Wind load and earthquake load are according to Egyptian code of load No. 201 2003
where :
- The wind pressure = 70 kg/m2. ( building in Cairo )

P = Ce k q (KN/m2)
Wind load P

Ce = Shape factor = 0.8 for inward side, = 0.5 for leeward side

k = Height factor = 1 for height = 0 -10 m

= 1.15 for height = 10-20 m

q = Basic wind pressure = 0.68 KN/m2 corresponds to basic wind speed = 33 m/sec

4- SEISMIC LOAD

Total base force = Fb = Sd(TI)* * W/g

Sd(TI) = Design response spectrum at fundamental period of vibration TI

= ag *I *S* (2.5/R)* (TC/TI) *

ag = design acceleration = 0.15 g (Zone (3) acc. to Egypt


zoning)

S = Soil class factor = 1.5 for soil class C

Tc = constant response spectrum period = 0.25 sec for soil class C

TI = structure period = Ct (H) 3/4 , Ct = 0.085 for steel frames,

= 0.075 for RC frames.

H = building height in meters

W = Total dead load plus 25 % of live loads

= 1 for TI > 2 TC , otherwise = 0.85


Progress Report No 2

R = Response modification factor = 5 for Moment Resisting Frames

Design Codes:

- For concrete design :


- Egyptian code of practice for concrete design, 202 2008 ( LRFD ) .

Strength
- Steel bars : Steel (52) Fy = 3600 Kg/cm2
- For stirrups : Steel (37) Fy= 2400 kg/cm2

- Concrete strength fcu = 250 kg/cm2

Analysis of the archtype

The analysis of different members was done using the world wide recognized software
(Sap 2000 V14) and in the following is a graphical presentations of model output data
Progress Report No 2

Analysis of the archtype-1


Progress Report No 2

Analysis of the archtype-2


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Analysis of the archtype-3


Progress Report No 2

Analysis of the archtype-4


Progress Report No 2

STRUCTURAL DESIGN :

According to the analysis of the structure system, the design of slab, beams, columns
and footings is done using both the ACI-318-05 and the Egyptian code of design
concrete No. 202-2008. The cross section of the concrete skeleton and the
reinforcement of the slabs, beams and columns, and footings are indicated in the
following figures.

Archetype-1

Reinforcement of the ground floor .


Progress Report No 2

Reinforcement of the typical floor .


Progress Report No 2

Archetype-2

NOTES
1.0 DIMENSIONS

2.0 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

3.0 GENERAL

4. LEGEND
EXPOSED COLUMNS OR WALLS ABOVE SLAB.

BEAM'S REFERENCE

SECTION'S REFERENCE

TOP REBARS

BOTTOM REBARS

SLAB THICKNESS

Reinforcement of the typical floor .


Progress Report No 2

2.0 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

3.0 GENERAL

4. LEGEND

EXPOSED COLUMNS OR WALLS ABOVE SLAB.

BEAM'S REFERENCE

SECTION'S REFERENCE

TOP REBARS

BOTTOM REBARS

SLAB THICKNESS

Reinforcement of the typical floor

FOOTINGS SCHEDULE

NOTES
1.0 DIMENSIONS

2.0 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

3.0 GENERAL

4. LEGEND

COLUMNS OR WALLS

FOOTINGS REFERENCE

FOUNDATION THICKNESS

BOTTOM FOOTING'S LEVEL

Foundation of the archtype-2


Progress Report No 2

Archetype-3

Reinforcement of the typical floor.


Progress Report No 2

Foundation of the archtype-3


Progress Report No 2

Archetype-4

Reinforcement of the typical floor .

Estimation of the quantity


The quantity of the concrete and the steel bar is shown Tables for each archetype.
The total quantity of each item of the concrete and steel bar is divided by the area of
the building to give the quantity of the concrete and steel per square meter of building
as shown in third and fourth columns. The fifth column indicates the average steel ratio
of each item of the concrete.
Progress Report No 2

Archetype-1
Table -1 Summary of the quantity of the concrete and steel bars in the conventional
structure system ( concrete skeleton and solid slab).

Type -2 (42 m2-4 flats)

Area = 197.50 m2

Reinfor. Steel kg steel/conc


No. of floors 6 Quantity m3 Conc./m2
(ton) steel/m2 (kg/m3)

Plain concrete 153.68 m3 ------ 0.13


Reinfor. Concrete for
113.05 m3 6.93 0.10 5.85 61.29
footings
Columns 11.69 m3 2.44 0.06 12.38 209.20

Ceiling 36.93 m3 3.05 0.19 15.42 82.48

total 404.76 m3 39.87 0.34 33.65

Archtype-2
Table -2 Summary of the quantity of the concrete and steel bars in the conventional
structure system ( concrete skeleton and solid slab).
Progress Report No 2

Archetype-3

Table -3 Summary of the quantity of the concrete and steel bars in the conventional
structure system ( concrete skeleton and solid slab).

RC CONVENTIONAL SOLUTION Area = 420 m2

Item Quantity Unit Cost Cost (LE**)


P C for Footings(m3) 180.51 400 72205
R C for Footings (m3) 248.97 1200 298768
Skeleton (m3)* 528.95 1400 740530
Brick Walls (m2 /HP) 2604.00 80 208320
Ceramic Flooring (m2 )) 2604.00 75 195300
Total 1,515,123

(**) $ = 6 LE

Execution Time= 18 Monthes

Archetype-4
Table -4 Summary of the quantity of the concrete and steel bars in the conventional
structure system ( concrete skeleton and solid slab).

EBNI BETAK Type (76 m2-3 floors)

Area = 76.09 m2
Reinfor. Steel kg Steel/conc
No. of floors 3 Quantity m3 Conc./m2
(ton) steel/m2 (kg/m3)
Plain concrete 12.05 m3 ------ 0.05
Reinfor. Concrete for
15.43 m3 1.59 0.07 6.97 103.05
footings
Columns 3.80 m3 0.95 0.05 12.50 250.26

Ceiling 13.21 m3 1.62 0.17 21.24 122.32

Total 66.47 m3 9.29 0.29 40.71


Progress Report No 2

Appendix 2

Skeletal Cold Formed Framing Design


Project Title: USE OF COLD FORMED STEEL IN RESIDENTIAL HOUSING
STDF Project ID: 3751
NSF Grant No. : OISE 1103894

Principal Investigator: EGYPT: Dr Metwally Abu-Hamd


Professor of Steel Structures,
Faculty of Engineering,
Cairo University
USA: Dr Benjamin Schafer,
Professor and Chair
Department of Civil Engineering
Johns Hopkins University

Design Calculations for Building Model 63 m2

By: Metwally Abu-Hamd

April 2011
Table of Contents

1- Introduction
2- Architectural Drawings
3- Design Loads
4- Structural Drawings
5- STTAD Model and Input File
6- Design of Members
7- Material Take Off
1- Introduction:

This report contains the structural design calculations of the first Egyptian
archetype composed of 6-storey building having four-63 m2 flats in each floor.
The basis for selecting this model is its wide use in the Egyptian National
Housing Program. The framing plans and elevations of the cold formed steel
solution were derived from the original architectural drawings after making
some minor modifications in grid spacing so that the resulting grid line
arrangement is suitable for the steel solution.

2- Architectural Drawings:
a) Architectural Plan
b) Architectural Sectional Elevation
3- Design Loads
EGYPT- US COLD FORMED STEEL HOUSING PROJECT

DESIGN LOADS

REFERNCE STANDARD:

EGYPTAIN CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CALCULATION OF LOADS AND


FORCES ON STRUCTURES 2011.

1- DEAD LOADS

1.1 Self weight of steel structure according to design using steel weight = 78.5 KN/m3
1.2 a) Conventional RC Design:
Floor slab thickness acc. to design using reinforced concrete weight = 25 KN/m3
b) Egypt Steel Design:
GRC panels weighing 0.5 KN/m2
1.3 Wall weights:
a) Conventional RC Design:
12 cm Brick wall = 3 KN/m2.
b) Egypt Steel Design:
GRC panels weighing 0.5 KN/m2
1.4 Flooring:
a) Conventional RC Design:
Sand + cement + tiles = 1.5 KN/m2.
b) Egypt Steel Design:
1 cm screed = 0.25 KN/m2.

2- LIVE LOAD

2.1 On floor areas = 2 KN/m2


2-2 On stairs, corridors, kitchens and bathrooms = 3 KN/m2

3- WIND LOAD

Wind load P

P = Ce k q (KN/m2)
Egypt-US Cold Formed Steel Housing Project

Ce = Shape factor = 0.8 for inward side, = 0.5 for leeward side
k = Height factor = 1 for height = 0 -10 m
= 1.15 for height = 10-20 m
q = Basic wind pressure = 0.68 KN/m2 corresponds to basic wind speed = 33 m/sec

4- SEISMIC LOAD

Total base force = Fb = Sd(TI)* * W/g

Sd(TI) = Design response spectrum at fundamental period of vibration TI


= ag *I *S* (2.5/R)* (TC/TI) *
ag = design acceleration = 0.15 g (Zone (3) acc. to Egypt zoning)
S = Soil class factor = 1.5 for soil class C
Tc = constant response spectrum period = 0.25 sec for soil class C
TI = structure period = Ct (H) 3/4 , Ct = 0.085 for steel frames,
= 0.075 for RC frames.
H = building height in meters
W = Total dead load plus 25 % of live loads
= 1 for TI > 2 TC , otherwise = 0.85
R = Response modification factor = 5 for Moment Resisting Frames
= 4.5 for Braced Frames
.
Important Note: Fb represents the FACTORED load in LRFD and to be divided by 1.4
in ASD.
4- Structural Drawings
5- STAAD Model and Input File

The building has been modeled using STTAD PRO software as a 3-D
structure comprising rigid frames in the east-west direction and braced
frames in the north-south direction. In order to keep the model as
simple as possible, the interior joists in each floor were not included
although their weight has been considered. The cross sections of all
members were defined in a user provided table according to STAAD
PRO format. The software was used to obtain the structural analysis
results only.
STAAD SPACE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 20-Oct-11
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT MMS MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 0 0 3930; 3 0 0 6550; 4 0 0 9200; 5 0 0 11210; 6 0 0 14560;
7 3350 0 0; 8 3350 0 3930; 9 3350 0 7860; 10 3350 0 11210; 11 3350 0 14560;
12 6700 0 0; 13 6700 0 3930; 14 6700 0 7860; 15 6700 0 11210; 16 6700 0 14560;
17 8700 0 930; 18 8700 0 3930; 19 10050 0 7860; 20 10050 0 11210;
21 10050 0 14560; 22 11400 0 930; 23 11400 0 3930; 24 13400 0 0;
25 13400 0 3930; 26 13400 0 7860; 27 13400 0 11210; 28 13400 0 14560;
29 16750 0 0; 30 16750 0 3930; 31 16750 0 7860; 32 16750 0 11210;
33 16750 0 14560; 34 20100 0 0; 35 20100 0 3930; 36 20100 0 6550;
37 20100 0 9200; 38 20100 0 11210; 39 20100 0 14560; 40 0 3000 0;
41 0 3000 3930; 42 0 3000 6550; 43 0 3000 9200; 44 0 3000 11210;
45 0 3000 14560; 46 2150.01 3000 6550; 47 2150.01 3000 9200; 48 3350 3000 0;
49 3350 3000 3930; 50 3350 3000 6550; 51 3350 3000 7860; 52 3350 3000 9200;
53 3350 3000 11210; 54 3350 3000 14560; 55 6700 3000 0; 56 6700 3000 928.999;
57 6700 3000 3930; 58 6700 3000 7860; 59 6700 3000 11210; 60 6700 3000 14560;
61 8700 3000 928.999; 62 8700 3000 3930; 63 8700 3000 7860; 64 10050 3000 7860;
65 10050 3000 11210; 66 10050 3000 14560; 67 11400 3000 928.999;
68 11400 3000 3930; 69 11400 3000 7860; 70 13400 3000 0; 71 13400 3000 928.999;
72 13400 3000 3930; 73 13400 3000 7860; 74 13400 3000 11210;
75 13400 3000 14560; 76 16750 3000 0; 77 16750 3000 3930; 78 16750 3000 6550;
79 16750 3000 7860; 80 16750 3000 9200; 81 16750 3000 11210;
82 16750 3000 14560; 83 17950 3000 6550; 84 17950 3000 9200; 85 20100 3000 0;
86 20100 3000 3930; 87 20100 3000 6550; 88 20100 3000 9200;
89 20100 3000 11210; 90 20100 3000 14560; 91 0 6000 0; 92 0 6000 6550;
93 0 6000 9200; 94 0 6000 11210; 95 0 6000 14560; 96 1.01863e-006 6000 3930;
97 2150.01 6000 6550; 98 2150.01 6000 9200; 99 3350 6000 0; 100 3350 6000 3930;
101 3350 6000 6550; 102 3350 6000 7860; 103 3350 6000 9200;
104 3350 6000 11210; 105 3350 6000 14560; 106 6700 6000 0;
107 6700 6000 928.999; 108 6700 6000 3930; 109 6700 6000 7860;
110 6700 6000 11210; 111 6700 6000 14560; 112 8700 6000 928.999;
113 8700 6000 3930; 114 8700 6000 7860; 115 10050 6000 7860;
116 10050 6000 11210; 117 10050 6000 14560; 118 11400 6000 928.999;
119 11400 6000 3930; 120 11400 6000 7860; 121 13400 6000 0;
122 13400 6000 928.999; 123 13400 6000 3930; 124 13400 6000 7860;
125 13400 6000 11210; 126 13400 6000 14560; 127 16750 6000 0;
128 16750 6000 3930; 129 16750 6000 6550; 130 16750 6000 7860;
131 16750 6000 9200; 132 16750 6000 11210; 133 16750 6000 14560;
134 17950 6000 6550; 135 17950 6000 9200; 136 20100 6000 0;
137 20100 6000 3930; 138 20100 6000 6550; 139 20100 6000 9200;
140 20100 6000 11210; 141 20100 6000 14560; 142 0 9000 0; 143 0 9000 6550;
144 0 9000 9200; 145 0 9000 11210; 146 0 9000 14560;
147 1.01863e-006 9000 3930; 148 2150.01 9000 6550; 149 2150.01 9000 9200;
150 3350 9000 0; 151 3350 9000 3930; 152 3350 9000 6550; 153 3350 9000 7860;
154 3350 9000 9200; 155 3350 9000 11210; 156 3350 9000 14560; 157 6700 9000 0;
158 6700 9000 928.999; 159 6700 9000 3930; 160 6700 9000 7860;
161 6700 9000 11210; 162 6700 9000 14560; 163 8700 9000 928.999;
164 8700 9000 3930; 165 8700 9000 7860; 166 10050 9000 7860;
167 10050 9000 11210; 168 10050 9000 14560; 169 11400 9000 928.999;
170 11400 9000 3930; 171 11400 9000 7860; 172 13400 9000 0;
173 13400 9000 928.999; 174 13400 9000 3930; 175 13400 9000 7860;
176 13400 9000 11210; 177 13400 9000 14560; 178 16750 9000 0;
179 16750 9000 3930; 180 16750 9000 6550; 181 16750 9000 7860;
182 16750 9000 9200; 183 16750 9000 11210; 184 16750 9000 14560;
185 17950 9000 6550; 186 17950 9000 9200; 187 20100 9000 0;
188 20100 9000 3930; 189 20100 9000 6550; 190 20100 9000 9200;
191 20100 9000 11210; 192 20100 9000 14560; 193 0 12000 0; 194 0 12000 6550;
195 0 12000 9200; 196 0 12000 11210; 197 0 12000 14560;
198 1.01863e-006 12000 3930; 199 2150.01 12000 6550; 200 2150.01 12000 9200;
201 3350 12000 0; 202 3350 12000 3930; 203 3350 12000 6550;
204 3350 12000 7860; 205 3350 12000 9200; 206 3350 12000 11210;
207 3350 12000 14560; 208 6700 12000 0; 209 6700 12000 928.999;
210 6700 12000 3930; 211 6700 12000 7860; 212 6700 12000 11210;
213 6700 12000 14560; 214 8700 12000 928.999; 215 8700 12000 3930;
216 8700 12000 7860; 217 10050 12000 7860; 218 10050 12000 11210;
219 10050 12000 14560; 220 11400 12000 928.999; 221 11400 12000 3930;
222 11400 12000 7860; 223 13400 12000 0; 224 13400 12000 928.999;
225 13400 12000 3930; 226 13400 12000 7860; 227 13400 12000 11210;
228 13400 12000 14560; 229 16750 12000 0; 230 16750 12000 3930;
231 16750 12000 6550; 232 16750 12000 7860; 233 16750 12000 9200;
234 16750 12000 11210; 235 16750 12000 14560; 236 17950 12000 6550;
237 17950 12000 9200; 238 20100 12000 0; 239 20100 12000 3930;
240 20100 12000 6550; 241 20100 12000 9200; 242 20100 12000 11210;
243 20100 12000 14560; 244 0 15000 0; 245 0 15000 6550; 246 0 15000 9200;
247 0 15000 11210; 248 0 15000 14560; 249 1.01863e-006 15000 3930;
250 2150.01 15000 6550; 251 2150.01 15000 9200; 252 3350 15000 0;
253 3350 15000 3930; 254 3350 15000 6550; 255 3350 15000 7860;
256 3350 15000 9200; 257 3350 15000 11210; 258 3350 15000 14560;
259 6700 15000 0; 260 6700 15000 928.999; 261 6700 15000 3930;
262 6700 15000 7860; 263 6700 15000 11210; 264 6700 15000 14560;
265 8700 15000 928.999; 266 8700 15000 3930; 267 8700 15000 7860;
268 10050 15000 7860; 269 10050 15000 11210; 270 10050 15000 14560;
271 11400 15000 928.999; 272 11400 15000 3930; 273 11400 15000 7860;
274 13400 15000 0; 275 13400 15000 928.999; 276 13400 15000 3930;
277 13400 15000 7860; 278 13400 15000 11210; 279 13400 15000 14560;
280 16750 15000 0; 281 16750 15000 3930; 282 16750 15000 6550;
283 16750 15000 7860; 284 16750 15000 9200; 285 16750 15000 11210;
286 16750 15000 14560; 287 17950 15000 6550; 288 17950 15000 9200;
289 20100 15000 0; 290 20100 15000 3930; 291 20100 15000 6550;
292 20100 15000 9200; 293 20100 15000 11210; 294 20100 15000 14560;
295 0 18000 0; 296 0 18000 6550; 297 0 18000 9200; 298 0 18000 11210;
299 0 18000 14560; 300 1.01863e-006 18000 3930; 301 2150.01 18000 6550;
302 2150.01 18000 9200; 303 3350 18000 0; 304 3350 18000 3930;
305 3350 18000 6550; 306 3350 18000 7860; 307 3350 18000 9200;
308 3350 18000 11210; 309 3350 18000 14560; 310 6700 18000 0;
311 6700 18000 928.999; 312 6700 18000 3930; 313 6700 18000 7860;
314 6700 18000 11210; 315 6700 18000 14560; 316 8700 18000 928.999;
317 8700 18000 3930; 318 8700 18000 7860; 319 10050 18000 7860;
320 10050 18000 11210; 321 10050 18000 14560; 322 11400 18000 928.999;
323 11400 18000 3930; 324 11400 18000 7860; 325 13400 18000 0;
326 13400 18000 928.999; 327 13400 18000 3930; 328 13400 18000 7860;
329 13400 18000 11210; 330 13400 18000 14560; 331 16750 18000 0;
332 16750 18000 3930; 333 16750 18000 6550; 334 16750 18000 7860;
335 16750 18000 9200; 336 16750 18000 11210; 337 16750 18000 14560;
338 17950 18000 6550; 339 17950 18000 9200; 340 20100 18000 0;
341 20100 18000 3930; 342 20100 18000 6550; 343 20100 18000 9200;
344 20100 18000 11210; 345 20100 18000 14560;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 40; 2 1 41; 3 2 41; 4 3 42; 5 4 43; 6 5 44; 7 6 44; 8 6 45; 9 7 48;
10 8 49; 11 9 51; 12 10 53; 13 11 54; 14 12 55; 15 13 57; 16 14 58; 17 15 59;
18 16 60; 19 17 61; 20 18 62; 21 19 64; 22 19 65; 23 20 65; 24 21 66; 25 22 67;
26 23 68; 27 24 70; 28 25 72; 29 26 73; 30 27 74; 31 28 75; 32 29 76; 33 30 77;
34 31 79; 35 32 81; 36 33 82; 37 34 85; 38 34 86; 39 35 86; 40 36 87; 41 37 88;
42 38 89; 43 39 89; 44 39 90; 45 40 41; 46 42 41; 47 44 43; 48 44 45; 49 42 46;
50 43 47; 51 40 48; 52 41 49; 53 44 53; 54 45 54; 55 46 47; 56 46 50; 57 47 52;
58 48 49; 59 49 50; 60 50 51; 61 51 52; 62 52 53; 63 53 54; 64 48 55; 65 49 57;
66 51 58; 67 59 53; 68 54 60; 69 55 56; 70 56 57; 71 57 58; 72 58 59; 73 59 60;
74 56 61; 75 57 62; 76 58 63; 77 59 65; 78 60 66; 79 61 62; 80 62 63; 81 63 64;
82 62 68; 83 64 65; 84 65 66; 85 64 69; 86 67 68; 87 68 69; 88 65 74; 89 66 75;
90 71 67; 91 68 72; 92 69 73; 93 70 71; 94 71 72; 95 72 73; 96 73 74; 97 74 75;
98 76 70; 99 72 77; 100 73 79; 101 81 74; 102 75 82; 103 76 77; 104 77 78;
105 78 79; 106 79 80; 107 81 82; 108 83 78; 109 84 80; 110 83 84; 111 85 76;
112 77 86; 113 81 89; 114 82 90; 115 87 83; 116 88 84; 117 85 86; 118 86 87;
119 88 89; 120 89 90; 121 40 91; 122 41 91; 123 42 92; 124 43 93; 125 44 94;
126 44 95; 127 45 95; 128 41 96; 129 48 99; 130 49 100; 131 51 102; 132 53 104;
133 54 105; 134 55 106; 135 57 108; 136 58 109; 137 59 110; 138 60 111;
139 61 112; 140 62 113; 141 64 115; 142 65 115; 143 65 116; 144 66 117;
145 67 118; 146 68 119; 147 70 121; 148 72 123; 149 73 124; 150 74 125;
151 75 126; 152 76 127; 153 77 128; 154 79 130; 155 81 132; 156 82 133;
157 85 136; 158 86 136; 159 86 137; 160 87 138; 161 88 139; 162 89 140;
163 89 141; 164 90 141; 165 93 94; 166 94 95; 167 91 96; 168 92 96; 169 92 97;
170 93 98; 171 91 99; 172 96 100; 173 94 104; 174 95 105; 175 97 98;
176 97 101; 177 98 103; 178 99 100; 179 100 101; 180 101 102; 181 102 103;
182 103 104; 183 104 105; 184 99 106; 185 100 108; 186 102 109; 187 110 104;
188 105 111; 189 106 107; 190 107 108; 191 108 109; 192 109 110; 193 110 111;
194 107 112; 195 108 113; 196 109 114; 197 110 116; 198 111 117; 199 112 113;
200 113 114; 201 114 115; 202 113 119; 203 115 116; 204 116 117; 205 115 120;
206 118 119; 207 119 120; 208 116 125; 209 117 126; 210 122 118; 211 119 123;
212 120 124; 213 121 122; 214 122 123; 215 123 124; 216 124 125; 217 125 126;
218 127 121; 219 123 128; 220 124 130; 221 132 125; 222 126 133; 223 127 128;
224 128 129; 225 129 130; 226 130 131; 227 131 132; 228 132 133; 229 134 129;
230 135 131; 231 134 135; 232 136 127; 233 128 137; 234 132 140; 235 133 141;
236 138 134; 237 139 135; 238 136 137; 239 137 138; 240 139 140; 241 140 141;
242 91 142; 243 92 143; 244 93 144; 245 94 145; 246 95 145; 247 95 146;
248 91 147; 249 96 147; 250 99 150; 251 100 151; 252 102 153; 253 104 155;
254 105 156; 255 106 157; 256 108 159; 257 109 160; 258 110 161; 259 111 162;
260 112 163; 261 113 164; 262 115 166; 263 115 167; 264 116 167; 265 117 168;
266 118 169; 267 119 170; 268 121 172; 269 123 174; 270 124 175; 271 125 176;
272 126 177; 273 127 178; 274 128 179; 275 130 181; 276 132 183; 277 133 184;
278 136 187; 279 136 188; 280 137 188; 281 138 189; 282 139 190; 283 140 191;
284 141 191; 285 141 192; 286 144 145; 287 145 146; 288 142 147; 289 143 147;
290 143 148; 291 144 149; 292 142 150; 293 147 151; 294 145 155; 295 146 156;
296 148 149; 297 148 152; 298 149 154; 299 150 151; 300 151 152; 301 152 153;
302 153 154; 303 154 155; 304 155 156; 305 150 157; 306 151 159; 307 153 160;
308 161 155; 309 156 162; 310 157 158; 311 158 159; 312 159 160; 313 160 161;
314 161 162; 315 158 163; 316 159 164; 317 160 165; 318 161 167; 319 162 168;
320 163 164; 321 164 165; 322 165 166; 323 164 170; 324 166 167; 325 167 168;
326 166 171; 327 169 170; 328 170 171; 329 167 176; 330 168 177; 331 173 169;
332 170 174; 333 171 175; 334 172 173; 335 173 174; 336 174 175; 337 175 176;
338 176 177; 339 178 172; 340 174 179; 341 175 181; 342 183 176; 343 177 184;
344 178 179; 345 179 180; 346 180 181; 347 181 182; 348 182 183; 349 183 184;
350 185 180; 351 186 182; 352 185 186; 353 187 178; 354 179 188; 355 183 191;
356 184 192; 357 189 185; 358 190 186; 359 187 188; 360 188 189; 361 190 191;
362 191 192; 363 142 193; 364 143 194; 365 144 195; 366 145 196; 367 145 197;
368 146 197; 369 147 193; 370 147 198; 371 150 201; 372 151 202; 373 153 204;
374 155 206; 375 156 207; 376 157 208; 377 159 210; 378 160 211; 379 161 212;
380 162 213; 381 163 214; 382 164 215; 383 166 217; 384 167 217; 385 167 218;
386 168 219; 387 169 220; 388 170 221; 389 172 223; 390 174 225; 391 175 226;
392 176 227; 393 177 228; 394 178 229; 395 179 230; 396 181 232; 397 183 234;
398 184 235; 399 187 238; 400 188 238; 401 188 239; 402 189 240; 403 190 241;
404 191 242; 405 191 243; 406 192 243; 407 195 196; 408 196 197; 409 193 198;
410 194 198; 411 194 199; 412 195 200; 413 193 201; 414 198 202; 415 196 206;
416 197 207; 417 199 200; 418 199 203; 419 200 205; 420 201 202; 421 202 203;
422 203 204; 423 204 205; 424 205 206; 425 206 207; 426 201 208; 427 202 210;
428 204 211; 429 212 206; 430 207 213; 431 208 209; 432 209 210; 433 210 211;
434 211 212; 435 212 213; 436 209 214; 437 210 215; 438 211 216; 439 212 218;
440 213 219; 441 214 215; 442 215 216; 443 216 217; 444 215 221; 445 217 218;
446 218 219; 447 217 222; 448 220 221; 449 221 222; 450 218 227; 451 219 228;
452 224 220; 453 221 225; 454 222 226; 455 223 224; 456 224 225; 457 225 226;
458 226 227; 459 227 228; 460 229 223; 461 225 230; 462 226 232; 463 234 227;
464 228 235; 465 229 230; 466 230 231; 467 231 232; 468 232 233; 469 233 234;
470 234 235; 471 236 231; 472 237 233; 473 236 237; 474 238 229; 475 230 239;
476 234 242; 477 235 243; 478 240 236; 479 241 237; 480 238 239; 481 239 240;
482 241 242; 483 242 243; 484 193 244; 485 194 245; 486 195 246; 487 196 247;
488 197 247; 489 197 248; 490 193 249; 491 198 249; 492 201 252; 493 202 253;
494 204 255; 495 206 257; 496 207 258; 497 208 259; 498 210 261; 499 211 262;
500 212 263; 501 213 264; 502 214 265; 503 215 266; 504 217 268; 505 217 269;
506 218 269; 507 219 270; 508 220 271; 509 221 272; 510 223 274; 511 225 276;
512 226 277; 513 227 278; 514 228 279; 515 229 280; 516 230 281; 517 232 283;
518 234 285; 519 235 286; 520 238 289; 521 238 290; 522 239 290; 523 240 291;
524 241 292; 525 242 293; 526 243 293; 527 243 294; 528 246 247; 529 247 248;
530 244 249; 531 245 249; 532 245 250; 533 246 251; 534 244 252; 535 249 253;
536 247 257; 537 248 258; 538 250 251; 539 250 254; 540 251 256; 541 252 253;
542 253 254; 543 254 255; 544 255 256; 545 256 257; 546 257 258; 547 252 259;
548 253 261; 549 255 262; 550 263 257; 551 258 264; 552 259 260; 553 260 261;
554 261 262; 555 262 263; 556 263 264; 557 260 265; 558 261 266; 559 262 267;
560 263 269; 561 264 270; 562 265 266; 563 266 267; 564 267 268; 565 266 272;
566 268 269; 567 269 270; 568 268 273; 569 271 272; 570 272 273; 571 269 278;
572 270 279; 573 275 271; 574 272 276; 575 273 277; 576 274 275; 577 275 276;
578 276 277; 579 277 278; 580 278 279; 581 280 274; 582 276 281; 583 277 283;
584 285 278; 585 279 286; 586 280 281; 587 281 282; 588 282 283; 589 283 284;
590 284 285; 591 285 286; 592 287 282; 593 288 284; 594 287 288; 595 289 280;
596 281 290; 597 285 293; 598 286 294; 599 291 287; 600 292 288; 601 289 290;
602 290 291; 603 292 293; 604 293 294; 605 244 295; 606 245 296; 607 246 297;
608 247 298; 609 247 299; 610 248 299; 611 249 295; 612 249 300; 613 252 303;
614 253 304; 615 255 306; 616 257 308; 617 258 309; 618 259 310; 619 261 312;
620 262 313; 621 263 314; 622 264 315; 623 265 316; 624 266 317; 625 268 319;
626 269 319; 627 269 320; 628 270 321; 629 271 322; 630 272 323; 631 274 325;
632 276 327; 633 277 328; 634 278 329; 635 279 330; 636 280 331; 637 281 332;
638 283 334; 639 285 336; 640 286 337; 641 289 340; 642 290 340; 643 290 341;
644 291 342; 645 292 343; 646 293 344; 647 293 345; 648 294 345; 649 297 298;
650 298 299; 651 295 300; 652 296 300; 653 296 301; 654 297 302; 655 295 303;
656 300 304; 657 298 308; 658 299 309; 659 301 302; 660 301 305; 661 302 307;
662 303 304; 663 304 305; 664 305 306; 665 306 307; 666 307 308; 667 308 309;
668 303 310; 669 304 312; 670 306 313; 671 314 308; 672 309 315; 673 310 311;
674 311 312; 675 312 313; 676 313 314; 677 314 315; 678 311 316; 679 312 317;
680 313 318; 681 314 320; 682 315 321; 683 316 317; 684 317 318; 685 318 319;
686 317 323; 687 319 320; 688 320 321; 689 319 324; 690 322 323; 691 323 324;
692 320 329; 693 321 330; 694 326 322; 695 323 327; 696 324 328; 697 325 326;
698 326 327; 699 327 328; 700 328 329; 701 329 330; 702 331 325; 703 327 332;
704 328 334; 705 336 329; 706 330 337; 707 331 332; 708 332 333; 709 333 334;
710 334 335; 711 336 337; 712 338 333; 713 339 335; 714 338 339; 715 340 331;
716 332 341; 717 336 344; 718 337 345; 719 342 338; 720 343 339; 721 340 341;
722 341 342; 723 343 344; 724 344 345; 725 80 81; 726 335 336; 727 21 65;
728 65 117; 729 117 167; 730 167 219; 731 219 269; 732 269 321;
START USER TABLE
TABLE 1
UNIT MMS MTON
CHANNEL
C200X2
*732 200 2 85 2 4.58738e+006 518420 976 20.276 400 226.667
732 200 2 42.5 4 4.58738e+006 518420 976 20.276 400 226.667
C200X2.25
822.375 200 2.25 85 2.25 5.14059e+006 580723 1387.76 20.3692 450 255
C200X2.65
966.455 200 2.65 85 2.65 6.01658e+006 679289 2262.31 20.5182 530 300.333
C200X3
1092 200 3 85 3 6.77388e+006 764417 3276 20.6484 600 340
C200X3.35
1217.05 200 3.35 85 3.35 7.52267e+006 848517 4552.8 20.7784 670 379.667
C200X3.75
1359.38 200 3.75 85 3.75 8.36809e+006 943388 6372.07 20.9267 750 425
C200X4
1448 200 4 85 4 8.89092e+006 1.00202e+006 7722.67 21.0193 800 453.333
C240X2.65
1072.46 240 2.65 85 2.65 9.19998e+006 714540 2510.44 18.6211 636 300.333
C240X3
1212 240 3 85 3 1.03652e+007 804150 3636 18.7525 720 340
C240X3.35
1351.05 240 3.35 85 3.35 1.15189e+007 892694 5054.07 18.8837 804 379.667
C240X3.75
1509.38 240 3.75 85 3.75 1.28236e+007 992599 7075.2 19.0334 900 425
C240X4
1608 240 4 85 4 1.36316e+007 1.05435e+006 8576 19.1269 960 453.333
C260X2.65
1178.46 260 2.65 95 2.65 1.19857e+007 993927 2758.57 21.0535 689 335.667
C260X3
1332 260 3 95 3 1.35092e+007 1.11925e+006 3996 21.1847 780 380
C260X3.35
1485.05 260 3.35 95 3.35 1.5019e+007 1.24323e+006 5555.34 21.3158 871 424.333
C260X3.75
1659.38 260 3.75 95 3.75 1.6728e+007 1.3833e+006 7778.32 21.4654 975 475
C260X4
1768 260 4 95 4 1.77872e+007 1.46997e+006 9429.33 21.5588 1040 506.667
C300X3
1512 300 3 105 3 2.02464e+007 1.53534e+006 4536 22.75 900 420
C300X3.35
1686.05 300 3.35 105 3.35 2.25216e+007 1.70628e+006 6307.25 22.8815 1005 469
C300X3.75
1884.38 300 3.75 105 3.75 2.50998e+007 1.89962e+006 8833.01 23.0317 1125 525
C300X4
2008 300 4 105 4 2.66995e+007 2.01937e+006 10709.3 23.1255 1200 560
C340X3.35
1820.05 340 3.35 105 3.35 3.02695e+007 1.76223e+006 6808.52 21.3202 1139 469
C340X3.75
2034.38 340 3.75 105 3.75 3.37479e+007 1.96198e+006 9536.13 21.4718 1275 525
C340X4
2168 340 4 105 4 3.59074e+007 2.08572e+006 11562.7 21.5664 1360 560
C360X3.75
2109.38 360 3.75 105 3.75 3.86747e+007 1.98985e+006 9887.7 20.775 1350 525
C360X4
2248 360 4 105 4 4.11537e+007 2.11537e+006 11989.3 20.8701 1440 560
C400X4
2408 400 4 105 4 5.30112e+007 2.16877e+006 12842.7 19.6163 1600 560
C260X2.25
1002.38 260 2.25 95 2.25 1.02278e+007 849045 1691.51 20.9033 585 285
C240X2.25
9.12375e+008 240000 2250 85000 2250 7.85429e+018 6.10804e+017 1.53963e+015 -
18470.9 5.4e+008 2.55e+008
C240X2
8.12e+008 240000 2000 85000 2000 7.00556e+018 5.45243e+017 1.08267e+015 -
18376.8 4.8e+008 2.26667e+008
TABLE 2
UNIT MMS MTON
WIDE FLANGE
I200X2
1464 200 4 170 2 9.17475e+006 1.63871e+006 5088 800 680
I200X2.25
1644.75 200 4.5 170 2.25 1.02812e+007 1.84386e+006 7229.25 900 765
I200X2.65
1932.91 200 5.3 170 2.65 1.20332e+007 2.17232e+006 11771.2 1060 901
I200X3
2184 200 6 170 3 1.35478e+007 2.45999e+006 17028 1200 1020
I200X3.35
2434.11 200 6.7 170 3.35 1.50453e+007 2.74794e+006 23640 1340 1139
I200X3.75
2718.75 200 7.5 170 3.75 1.67362e+007 3.07739e+006 33046.9 1500 1275
I200X4
2896 200 8 170 4 1.77818e+007 3.28353e+006 40021.3 1600 1360
I240X2.65
2144.91 240 5.3 170 2.65 1.84e+007 2.17282e+006 13756.2 1272 901
I240X3
2424 240 6 170 3 2.07303e+007 2.46071e+006 19908 1440 1020
I240X3.35
2702.11 240 6.7 170 3.35 2.30378e+007 2.74894e+006 27650.1 1608 1139
I240X3.75
3018.75 240 7.5 170 3.75 2.56473e+007 3.0788e+006 38671.9 1800 1275
I240X4
3216 240 8 170 4 2.72632e+007 3.28523e+006 46848 1920 1360
I260X2.65
2356.91 260 5.3 190 2.65 2.39714e+007 3.03255e+006 14996.9 1378 1007
I260X3
*2664 260 6 190 3 2.70184e+007 3.43407e+006 21708 1560 1140
2664 260 6 100 5.7 2.70184e+007 3.43407e+006 21708 1560 1140
I260X3.35
2970.11 260 6.7 190 3.35 3.00381e+007 3.83596e+006 30156.5 1742 1273
I260X3.75
3318.75 260 7.5 190 3.75 3.3456e+007 4.29575e+006 42187.5 1950 1425
I260X4
3536 260 8 190 4 3.55744e+007 4.58342e+006 51114.7 2080 1520
I300X3
*3024 300 6 210 3 4.04929e+007 4.63579e+006 24948 1800 1260
3024 300 6 115 5.5 4.04929e+007 4.63579e+006 24948 1800 1260
I300X3.35
3372.11 300 6.7 210 3.35 4.50431e+007 5.17808e+006 34667.9 2010 1407
I300X3.75
3768.75 300 7.5 210 3.75 5.01997e+007 5.79841e+006 48515.6 2250 1575
I300X4
*4016 300 8 210 4 5.3399e+007 6.18646e+006 58794.7 2400 1680
4016 300 8 130 6.5 5.3399e+007 6.18646e+006 58794.7 2400 1680
I340X3.35
3640.11 340 6.7 210 3.35 6.05391e+007 5.17908e+006 38678.1 2278 1407
I340X3.75
4068.75 340 7.5 210 3.75 6.74958e+007 5.79981e+006 54140.6 2550 1575
I340X4
4336 340 8 210 4 7.18148e+007 6.18817e+006 65621.3 2720 1680
I360X3.75
4218.75 360 7.5 210 3.75 7.73495e+007 5.80052e+006 56953.1 2700 1575
I360X4
4496 360 8 210 4 8.23075e+007 6.18902e+006 69034.7 2880 1680
I400X4
*4816 400 8 210 4 1.06022e+008 6.19073e+006 75861.3 3200 1680
4816 400 8 130 6.5 1.06022e+008 6.19073e+006 75861.3 3200 1680
I260X2.25
2004.75 260 4.5 190 2.25 2.04555e+007 2.57407e+006 9203.63 1170 855
I300X2.25
2274.75 300 4.5 210 2.25 3.06213e+007 3.47512e+006 10570.5 1350 945
I300X2.65
2674.91 300 5.3 210 2.65 3.59068e+007 4.09393e+006 17230 1590 1113
I340X2.65
2886.91 340 5.3 210 2.65 4.8227e+007 4.09443e+006 19215.1 1802 1113
I340X3
3264 340 6 210 3 5.4405e+007 4.63651e+006 27828 2040 1260
I360X2.65
2992.91 360 5.3 210 2.65 5.52425e+007 4.09468e+006 20207.6 1908 1113
I360X3
3384 360 6 210 3 6.23283e+007 4.63687e+006 29268 2160 1260
I360X3.35
3774.11 360 6.7 210 3.35 6.93657e+007 5.17958e+006 40683.2 2412 1407
END
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC STEEL
E 20.9042
POISSON 0.3
DENSITY 7.83341e-009
ALPHA 1.2e-005
DAMP 0.03
END DEFINE MATERIAL
CONSTANTS
BETA 90 MEMB 19 20 25 26 139 140 145 146 260 261 266 267 381 382 387 388 502 -
503 508 509 623 624 629 630
MATERIAL STEEL ALL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
242 TO 245 247 249 TO 262 264 TO 278 280 TO 283 285 363 TO 366 368 -
370 TO 383 385 TO 399 401 TO 404 406 UPTABLE 2 I300X3
*MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
*1 3 TO 6 8 TO 21 23 TO 37 39 TO 42 44 121 123 TO 125 127 TO 141 143 TO 157 -
*159 TO 162 164 UPTABLE 2 I300X4
UNIT METER MTON
MEMBER PROPERTY EUROPEAN
367 369 384 400 405 488 490 505 521 526 609 611 626 642 647 730 TO 731 -
732 TABLE ST TUB80803
MEMBER PROPERTY EUROPEAN
49 TO 54 56 57 64 TO 68 74 TO 78 81 82 85 88 TO 92 98 TO 102 108 109 -
111 TO 116 169 TO 174 176 177 184 TO 188 194 TO 198 201 202 205 208 TO 212 -
218 TO 222 229 230 232 TO 237 290 TO 295 297 298 305 TO 309 315 TO 319 322 -
323 326 329 TO 333 339 TO 343 350 351 353 TO 358 411 TO 416 418 419 -
426 TO 430 436 TO 440 443 444 447 450 TO 454 460 TO 464 471 472 474 TO 479 -
532 TO 537 539 540 547 TO 551 557 TO 561 564 565 568 571 TO 575 581 TO 585 -
592 593 595 TO 600 653 TO 658 660 661 668 TO 672 678 TO 682 685 686 689 692 -
693 TO 696 702 TO 706 712 713 715 TO 720 UPTABLE 2 I240X2.65
MEMBER PROPERTY EUROPEAN
2 7 22 38 43 122 126 142 158 163 246 248 263 279 284 727 TO 728 -
729 TABLE ST TUB1001004
MEMBER PROPERTY EUROPEAN
1 3 TO 6 8 TO 18 20 21 23 24 26 TO 37 39 TO 42 44 121 123 TO 125 127 TO 141 -
143 TO 157 159 TO 162 164 UPTABLE 2 I300X4
MEMBER PROPERTY EUROPEAN
45 TO 48 55 58 TO 63 69 TO 73 79 80 83 84 86 87 93 TO 97 103 TO 107 110 117 -
118 TO 120 165 TO 168 175 178 TO 183 189 TO 193 199 200 203 204 206 207 213 -
214 TO 217 223 TO 228 231 238 TO 241 286 TO 289 296 299 TO 304 310 TO 314 -
320 321 324 325 327 328 334 TO 338 344 TO 349 352 359 TO 362 407 TO 410 417 -
420 TO 425 431 TO 435 441 442 445 446 448 449 455 TO 459 465 TO 470 473 480 -
481 TO 483 528 TO 531 538 541 TO 546 552 TO 556 562 563 566 567 569 570 576 -
577 TO 580 586 TO 591 594 601 TO 604 649 TO 652 659 662 TO 667 673 TO 677 -
683 684 687 688 690 691 697 TO 701 707 TO 711 714 721 TO 725 -
726 UPTABLE 2 I200X2
19 25 484 TO 487 489 491 TO 504 506 TO 520 522 TO 525 527 605 TO 608 610 612 -
613 TO 625 627 TO 641 643 TO 646 648 UPTABLE 2 I300X2.25
***************************************************************************
***********
UNIT MMS MTON
SUPPORTS
1 TO 39 PINNED
UNIT METER MTON
MEMBER TRUSS
2 7 22 38 43 122 126 142 158 163 246 248 263 279 284 367 369 384 400 405 488 -
490 505 521 526 609 611 626 642 647 727 TO 732
MEMBER RELEASE
45 TO 50 55 58 59 61 63 69 71 TO 74 83 84 90 93 95 TO 97 103 104 106 107 110 -
115 TO 120 165 TO 170 175 178 179 181 183 189 191 TO 194 203 204 210 213 -
215 TO 217 223 224 226 228 231 236 TO 241 286 TO 291 296 299 300 302 304 -
310 312 TO 315 324 325 331 334 336 TO 338 344 345 347 349 352 357 TO 362 -
407 TO 412 417 420 421 423 425 431 433 TO 436 445 446 452 455 457 TO 459 -
465 466 468 470 473 478 TO 483 528 TO 533 538 541 542 544 546 552 -
554 TO 557 566 567 573 576 578 TO 580 586 587 589 591 594 599 TO 604 649 -
650 TO 654 659 662 663 665 667 673 675 TO 678 687 688 694 697 699 TO 701 707 -
708 710 711 714 719 TO 724 START MZ
45 TO 48 55 TO 58 60 62 63 70 TO 74 80 83 84 87 90 94 TO 97 103 105 -
107 TO 110 117 TO 120 165 TO 168 175 TO 178 180 182 183 190 TO 194 200 203 -
204 207 210 214 TO 217 223 225 227 TO 231 238 TO 241 286 TO 289 296 TO 299 -
301 303 304 311 TO 315 321 324 325 328 331 335 TO 338 344 346 348 TO 352 -
359 TO 362 407 TO 410 417 TO 420 422 424 425 432 TO 436 442 445 446 449 452 -
456 TO 459 465 467 469 TO 473 480 TO 483 528 TO 531 538 TO 541 543 545 546 -
553 TO 557 563 566 567 570 573 577 TO 580 586 588 590 TO 594 601 TO 604 649 -
650 TO 652 659 TO 662 664 666 667 674 TO 678 684 687 688 691 694 698 TO 701 -
707 709 711 TO 714 721 TO 726 END MZ
DEFINE WIND LOAD
TYPE 1
INT 0.068 0.0782 HEIG 10 19
EXP 1 YR 0 19
DEFINE UBC ACCIDENTAL LOAD
*ZONE=0.15 (Zone 2A), RWX= 5 (STEEL OMRF), RWZ=4.5 (BRACED FRAMES), STYP=3 (SOIL
TYPE SC)
* Ct = 0.085 FOR DIRECTION X, Ct = 0.075 FOR DIRECTION Z
ZONE 0.15 I 1 RWX 5 RWZ 4.5 STYP 3 CT 0.085 NA 1 NV 1
SELFWEIGHT 1
*WALL LOADS 0.05 T/M2*2.5 M= 0.125 T/M'
MEMBER WEIGHT
49 50 64 68 74 76 78 81 85 89 90 92 98 102 115 116 169 170 184 188 194 196 -
198 201 205 209 210 212 218 222 236 237 290 291 305 309 315 317 319 322 326 -
330 331 333 339 343 357 358 411 412 426 430 436 438 440 443 447 451 452 454 -
460 464 478 479 532 533 547 551 557 559 561 564 568 572 573 575 581 585 599 -
600 653 654 668 672 678 680 682 685 689 693 694 696 702 706 719 -
720 UNI 0.125
*DL: 50(GRC)+50(FLOORING+CEILING)+5 (SEC BEAMS)=105 KG/M2 ON SLAB DECK
FLOOR WEIGHT
YRANGE 2.95 3.05 FLOAD 0.105
YRANGE 5.95 6.05 FLOAD 0.105
YRANGE 8.95 9.05 FLOAD 0.105
YRANGE 11.95 12.05 FLOAD 0.105
YRANGE 14.95 15.05 FLOAD 0.105
YRANGE 17.95 18.05 FLOAD 0.105
*L.L =0.25* 200=50 KG/M2
FLOOR WEIGHT
YRANGE 2.95 3.05 FLOAD 0.05
YRANGE 5.95 6.05 FLOAD 0.05
YRANGE 8.95 9.05 FLOAD 0.05
YRANGE 11.95 12.05 FLOAD 0.05
YRANGE 14.95 15.05 FLOAD 0.05
YRANGE 17.95 18.05 FLOAD 0.05
*ADDITIONAL LOAD IN KITCHENS & BATHROOMS (LL = 0.25*300=75 KG/M2)
YRANGE 2.95 3.05 FLOAD 0.025 XRANGE 0 6.7 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21
YRANGE 2.95 3.05 FLOAD 0.025 XRANGE 13.4 20.1 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21
YRANGE 5.95 6.05 FLOAD 0.025 XRANGE 0 6.7 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21
YRANGE 5.95 6.05 FLOAD 0.025 XRANGE 13.4 20.1 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21
YRANGE 8.95 9.05 FLOAD 0.025 XRANGE 0 6.7 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21
YRANGE 8.95 9.05 FLOAD 0.025 XRANGE 13.4 20.1 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21
YRANGE 11.95 12.05 FLOAD 0.025 XRANGE 0 6.7 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21
YRANGE 11.95 12.05 FLOAD 0.025 XRANGE 13.4 20.1 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21
YRANGE 14.95 15.05 FLOAD 0.025 XRANGE 0 6.7 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21
YRANGE 14.95 15.05 FLOAD 0.025 XRANGE 13.4 20.1 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21
*YRANGE 17.95 18.05 FLOAD 0.025 XRANGE 0 6.7 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21 TOWA 669
*YRANGE 17.95 18.05 FLOAD 0.025 XRANGE 13.4 20.1 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21 TOWA 703
************************************************************
LOAD 8 SIESMIC +X
UBC LOAD X 1
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
LOAD 9 SIESMIC -X
UBC LOAD X -1
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
LOAD 10 SIESMIC +Z
UBC LOAD Z 1
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
LOAD 11 SIESMIC -Z
UBC LOAD Z -1
PERFORM ANALYSIS
CHANGE
************************************************************
LOAD 1 OWN WT
SELFWEIGHT Y -1.05
*Slab Deck
*DL OF FLOOR SLAB :GRC Panel= 50 + 25 FLOORING +25 Ceiling+ 5 Sec Beams=105 KG/M2.
ONEWAY LOAD
YRANGE 3 3 ONE -0.105 GY TOWARDS 51
YRANGE 5.95 6.05 ONE -0.105 GY TOWARDS 171
YRANGE 8.95 9.05 ONE -0.105 GY TOWARDS 292
YRANGE 11.95 12.05 ONE -0.105 GY TOWARDS 413
YRANGE 14.95 15.05 ONE -0.105 GY TOWARDS 534
YRANGE 17.95 18.05 ONE -0.105 GY TOWARDS 655
LOAD 2 WALL LOADS 0.05 T/M2*2.5 M= 0.125 T/M'
MEMBER LOAD
45 TO 120 165 TO 241 286 TO 362 407 TO 483 528 TO 604 649 TO 726 UNI GY -0.125
LOAD 3 L.L = 200 KG/M2
ONEWAY LOAD
YRANGE 2.95 3.05 ONE -0.2 GY TOWARDS 51
YRANGE 5.95 6.05 ONE -0.2 GY TOWARDS 171
YRANGE 8.95 9.05 ONE -0.2 GY TOWARDS 292
YRANGE 11.95 12.05 ONE -0.2 GY TOWARDS 413
YRANGE 14.95 15.05 ONE -0.2 GY TOWARDS 534
YRANGE 17.95 18.05 ONE -0.2 GY TOWARDS 655
*ADDITIONAL LOAD IN KITCHENS & BATHROOMS (LL = 300 KG/M2)
YRANGE 2.95 3.05 ONE -0.1 XRANGE 0 6.7 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21 GY TOWARDS 65
YRANGE 2.95 3.05 ONE -0.1 XRANGE 13.4 20.1 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21 GY TOWARDS 99
YRANGE 5.95 6.05 ONE -0.1 XRANGE 0 6.7 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21 GY TOWARDS 185
YRANGE 5.95 6.05 ONE -0.1 XRANGE 13.4 20.1 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21 GY TOWARDS 219
YRANGE 8.95 9.05 ONE -0.1 XRANGE 0 6.7 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21 GY TOWARDS 306
YRANGE 8.95 9.05 ONE -0.1 XRANGE 13.4 20.1 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21 GY TOWARDS 340
YRANGE 11.95 12.05 ONE -0.1 XRANGE 0 6.7 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21 GY TOWARDS 427
YRANGE 11.95 12.05 ONE -0.1 XRANGE 13.4 20.1 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21 GY TOWARDS 461
YRANGE 14.95 15.05 ONE -0.1 XRANGE 0 6.7 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21 GY TOWARDS 548
YRANGE 14.95 15.05 ONE -0.1 XRANGE 13.4 20.1 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21 GY TOWARDS 582
*YRANGE 17.95 18.05 ONE -0.1 XRANGE 0 6.7 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21 GY TOWARDS 669
*YRANGE 17.95 18.05 ONE -0.1 XRANGE 13.4 20.1 ZRANGE 3.93 11.21 GY TOWARDS 703
LOAD 4 WIND +X (PRESSURE=68 KG/M2)
WIND LOAD X 0.8 TYPE 1 YR 0 18
WIND LOAD -X 0.5 TYPE 1 YR 0 18
LOAD 5 WIND -X (PRESSURE=68 KG/M2)
WIND LOAD X -0.8 TYPE 1 YR 0 18
WIND LOAD -X -0.5 TYPE 1 YR 0 18
LOAD 6 WIND +Z (PRESSURE=68 KG/M2)
WIND LOAD Z 0.8 TYPE 1 YR 0 18
WIND LOAD -Z 0.5 TYPE 1 YR 0 18
LOAD 7 WIND -Z (PRESSURE=68 KG/M2)
WIND LOAD Z -0.8 TYPE 1 YR 0 18
WIND LOAD -Z -0.5 TYPE 1 YR 0 18
* DL + LL COMBINATIONS
LOAD COMB 12 DL + LL
1 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0
* DL + WIND COMBINATIONS (20 % factor applied)
LOAD COMB 13 DL+WIND +X
1 0.833 4 0.833
LOAD COMB 14 DL+WIND -X
1 0.833 5 0.833
LOAD COMB 15 DL+WIND +Z
1 0.833 6 0.833
LOAD COMB 16 DL+WIND -Z
1 0.833 7 0.833
* DL + SIESMIC COMBINATIONS (20 % factor applied)
LOAD COMB 17 DL + E+X/1.4 + 0.3*E+Z/1.4
1 0.833 2 0.833 8 0.595 10 0.179
LOAD COMB 18 DL + E+X/1.4 + 0.3*E-Z/1.4
1 0.833 2 0.833 8 0.595 11 0.179
LOAD COMB 19 DL + E-X/1.4 + 0.3*E+Z/1.4
1 0.833 2 0.833 9 0.595 10 0.179
LOAD COMB 20 DL + E-X/1.4 + 0.3*E-Z/1.4
1 0.833 2 0.833 9 0.595 11 0.179
LOAD COMB 21 DL + E+Z/1.4 + 0.3*E+X/1.4
1 0.833 2 0.833 10 0.595 8 0.179
LOAD COMB 22 DL + E+Z/1.4 + 0.3*E-X/1.4
1 0.833 2 0.833 10 0.595 9 0.179
LOAD COMB 23 DL + E-Z/1.4 + 0.3*E+X/1.4
1 0.833 2 0.833 11 0.595 8 0.179
LOAD COMB 24 DL + E-Z/1.4 + 0.3*E-X/1.4
1 0.833 2 0.833 11 0.595 9 0.179
*(DL+LL + WIND) COMBINATIONS (20 % factor applied)
LOAD COMB 25 DL+LL+WIND +X
1 0.833 2 0.833 3 0.833 4 0.833
LOAD COMB 26 DL+LL+WIND -X
1 0.833 2 0.833 3 0.833 5 0.833
LOAD COMB 27 DL+LL+WIND +Z
1 0.833 2 0.833 3 0.833 6 0.833
LOAD COMB 28 DL+LL+WIND -Z
1 0.833 2 0.833 3 0.833 7 0.833
*(DL+LL+SIESMIC) COMBINATIONS (20 % factor applied)
LOAD COMB 29 0.833*(DL+LL)+ 0.833*(E+X/1.4 + 0.3*E+Z/1.4)
1 0.833 2 0.833 3 0.833 8 0.595 10 0.179
LOAD COMB 30 0.833*(DL+LL)+ 0.833*(E+X/1.4 + 0.3*E-Z/1.4)
1 0.833 2 0.833 3 0.833 8 0.595 11 0.179
LOAD COMB 31 0.833*(DL+LL)+ 0.833*(E-X/1.4 + 0.3*E+Z/1.4)
1 0.833 2 0.833 3 0.833 9 0.595 10 0.179
LOAD COMB 32 0.833*(DL+LL)+ 0.833*(E-X/1.4 + 0.3*E-Z/1.4)
1 0.833 2 0.833 3 0.833 9 0.595 11 0.179
LOAD COMB 33 0.833*(DL+LL)+ 0.833*(E+Z/1.4 + 0.3*E+X/1.4)
1 0.833 2 0.833 3 0.833 8 0.179 10 0.595
LOAD COMB 34 0.833*(DL+LL)+ 0.833*(E+Z/1.4 + 0.3*E-X/1.4)
1 0.833 2 0.833 3 0.833 8 0.179 11 0.595
LOAD COMB 35 0.833*(DL+LL)+ 0.833*(E-Z/1.4 + 0.3*E+X/1.4)
1 0.833 2 0.833 3 0.833 9 0.179 10 0.595
LOAD COMB 36 0.833*(DL+LL)+ 0.833*(E-Z/1.4 + 0.3*E-X/1.4)
1 0.833 2 0.833 3 0.833 9 0.179 11 0.595
PERFORM ANALYSIS
LOAD LIST 12 TO 36
PARAMETER 1
CODE AISC
FYLD 35000 ALL
UNT 0.5 MEMB 45 TO 120 165 TO 241 286 TO 362 407 TO 483 528 TO 604 649 TO 726
UNB 0.5 MEMB 45 TO 120 165 TO 241 286 TO 362 407 TO 483 528 TO 604 649 TO 726
LY 1 MEMB 49 50 52 53 56 57 64 TO 68 74 TO 78 81 82 85 88 TO 92 98 TO 102 -
108 109 112 113 115 116 169 170 172 173 176 177 184 TO 188 194 TO 198 201 -
202 205 208 TO 212 218 TO 222 229 230 233 234 236 237 290 291 293 294 297 -
298 305 TO 309 315 TO 319 322 323 326 329 TO 333 339 TO 343 350 351 354 355 -
357 358 411 412 414 415 418 419 426 TO 430 436 TO 440 443 444 447 -
450 TO 454 460 TO 464 471 472 475 476 478 479 532 533 535 536 539 540 547 -
548 TO 551 557 TO 561 564 565 568 571 TO 575 581 TO 585 592 593 596 597 599 -
600 653 654 656 657 660 661 668 TO 672 678 TO 682 685 686 689 692 TO 696 -
702 TO 706 712 713 716 717 719 720
*************************************
KZ 2 MEMB 1 3 TO 6 8 TO 18 20 21 23 24 26 TO 37 39 TO 42 44 121 123 TO 125 -
127 TO 141 143 TO 157 159 TO 162 164 242 TO 245 247 249 TO 262 264 TO 278 -
280 TO 283 285 363 TO 366 368 370 TO 383 385 TO 399 401 TO 404 406 -
484 TO 487 489 491 TO 504 506 TO 520 522 TO 525 527 605 TO 608 610 -
612 TO 625 627 TO 641 643 TO 646 648
CHECK CODE ALL
STEEL TAKE OFF ALL
FINISH
6- Design of Members

The design of members was performed using the cold formed steel design
software CFS Version 7.0 developed by RSG Software Inc.
(http://www.rsgsoftware.com/).
CFS Version 6.0.4
Section: Section 5.sct Metwally Abu-Hamd
Double Channel 300x95x20x4 Cairo University
Used for Lower Two Floors

Rev. Date: 03/01/2012 7:49:20 PM


By: Metwally Abu-Hamd
Printed: 03/01/2012 7:50:45 PM

Full Section Properties

Area 4029.6 mm^2 Wt. 0.30992 kN/m Width 1007.4 mm

Ix 52939388 mm^4 rx 114.62 mm Ixy -3 mm^4


Sx(t) 352929 mm^3 y(t) 150.00 mm 0.000 deg
Sx(b) 352929 mm^3 y(b) 150.00 mm
Height 300.00 mm
Iy 6433710 mm^4 ry 39.96 mm Xo 0.00 mm
Sy(l) 67723 mm^3 x(l) 95.00 mm Yo 0.00 mm
Sy(r) 67723 mm^3 x(r) 95.00 mm jx 0.00 mm
Width 190.00 mm jy 0.00 mm
I1 52939388 mm^4 r1 114.62 mm
I2 6433708 mm^4 r2 39.96 mm
Ic 59373096 mm^4 rc 121.38 mm Cw 1.4092e11 mm^6
Io 59373096 mm^4 ro 121.38 mm J 21491 mm^4

Fully Braced Strength - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Material Type: A653 SS Grade 50/1, Fy=344.74 MPa


Compression Positive Moment Positive Moment
Pao 549.51 kN Maxo 69.691 kN-m Mayo 12.394 kN-m
Ae 2869.2 mm^2 Ixe 51521204 mm^4 Iye 5804584 mm^4
Sxe(t) 337600 mm^3 Sye(l) 62200 mm^3
Tension Sxe(b) 349557 mm^3 Sye(r) 60040 mm^3
Ta 831.83 kN
Negative Moment Negative Moment
Maxo 69.691 kN-m Mayo 12.394 kN-m
Shear Ixe 51521204 mm^4 Iye 5804584 mm^4
Vay 232.20 kN Sxe(t) 349557 mm^3 Sye(l) 60040 mm^3
Vax 163.41 kN Sxe(b) 337600 mm^3 Sye(r) 62200 mm^3

Member Check - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Case of Maximum Axial Force:

Material Type: A653 SS Grade 50/1, Fy=344.74 MPa


Design Parameters:
Lx 3.0000 m Ly 3.0000 m Lt 3.0000 m
Kx 2.0000 Ky 1.0000 Kt 1.0000
Cbx 1.0000 Cby 1.0000 ex 0.0000 mm
Cmx 0.8500 Cmy 1.0000 ey 0.0000 mm
Braced Flange: Top Red. Factor, R: 0 Stiffness, k: 0 kN
Loads: P Mx Vy My Vx
(kN) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Entered 343.00 0.000 0.30 0.000 0.00
Applied 343.00 0.000 0.30 0.000 0.00
Strength 410.50 64.930 232.20 12.394 163.41

Effective section properties at applied loads:


Ae 3845.6 mm^2 Ixe 52931276 mm^4 Iye 6432728 mm^4
Sxe(t) 352875 mm^3 Sye(l) 67713 mm^3
Sxe(b) 352875 mm^3 Sye(r) 67713 mm^3

Interaction Equations
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-1 (P, Mx, My) 0.836 + 0.000 + 0.000 = 0.836 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-2 (P, Mx, My) 0.624 + 0.000 + 0.000 = 0.624 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (Mx, Vy) Sqrt(0.000 + 0.000)= 0.001 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (My, Vx) Sqrt(0.000 + 0.000)= 0.000 <= 1.0

Member Check - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Case of maximum Moment:


Material Type: A653 SS Grade 50/1, Fy=344.74 MPa
Design Parameters:
Lx 3.0000 m Ly 3.0000 m Lt 3.0000 m
Kx 2.0000 Ky 1.0000 Kt 1.0000
Cbx 1.0000 Cby 1.0000 ex 0.0000 mm
Cmx 0.8500 Cmy 1.0000 ey 0.0000 mm
Braced Flange: Top Red. Factor, R: 0 Stiffness, k: 0 kN

Loads: P Mx Vy My Vx
(kN) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Entered 214.00 23.100 7.70 0.000 0.00
Applied 214.00 23.100 7.70 0.000 0.00
Strength 410.50 64.930 232.20 12.394 163.41

Effective section properties at applied loads:


Ae 4029.6 mm^2 Ixe 52939388 mm^4 Iye 6433710 mm^4
Sxe(t) 352929 mm^3 Sye(l) 67723 mm^3
Sxe(b) 352929 mm^3 Sye(r) 67723 mm^3

Interaction Equations
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-1 (P, Mx, My) 0.521 + 0.348 + 0.000 = 0.869 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-2 (P, Mx, My) 0.389 + 0.356 + 0.000 = 0.745 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (Mx, Vy) Sqrt(0.110 + 0.001)= 0.333 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (My, Vx) Sqrt(0.000 + 0.000)= 0.000 <= 1.0
CFS Version 6.0.4
Section: Section 4.sct Metwally Abu-Hamd
Double Channel 300x95x20x3
Used for The Middle Two Floors Cairo University

Rev. Date: 03/01/2012 7:43:46 PM


By: Metwally Abu-Hamd
Printed: 03/01/2012 7:46:11 PM

Full Section Properties

Area 3051.3 mm^2 Wt. 0.23468 kN/m Width 1017.1 mm

Ix 40497324 mm^4 rx 115.20 mm Ixy 0 mm^4


Sx(t) 269982 mm^3 y(t) 150.00 mm 0.000 deg
Sx(b) 269982 mm^3 y(b) 150.00 mm
Height 300.00 mm
Iy 4965127 mm^4 ry 40.34 mm Xo 0.00 mm
Sy(l) 52264 mm^3 x(l) 95.00 mm Yo 0.00 mm
Sy(r) 52264 mm^3 x(r) 95.00 mm jx 0.00 mm
Width 190.00 mm jy 0.00 mm
I1 40497324 mm^4 r1 115.20 mm
I2 4965127 mm^4 r2 40.34 mm
Ic 45462448 mm^4 rc 122.06 mm Cw 1.0949e11 mm^6
Io 45462448 mm^4 ro 122.06 mm J 9154 mm^4

Fully Braced Strength - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Material Type: A653 SS Grade 50/1, Fy=344.74 MPa


Compression Positive Moment Positive Moment
Pao 350.74 kN Maxo 50.305 kN-m Mayo 8.611 kN-m
Ae 1831.3 mm^2 Ixe 37976320 mm^4 Iye 4096061 mm^4
Sxe(t) 243692 mm^3 Sye(l) 44618 mm^3
Tension Sxe(b) 263427 mm^3 Sye(r) 41713 mm^3
Ta 629.89 kN
Negative Moment Negative Moment
Maxo 50.305 kN-m Mayo 8.611 kN-m
Shear Ixe 37976316 mm^4 Iye 4096061 mm^4
Vay 115.84 kN Sxe(t) 263427 mm^3 Sye(l) 41713 mm^3
Vax 125.66 kN Sxe(b) 243692 mm^3 Sye(r) 44618 mm^3

Member Check - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Case of Maximum Axial Load:


Material Type: A653 SS Grade 50/1, Fy=344.74 MPa
Design Parameters:
Lx 3.0000 m Ly 3.0000 m Lt 3.0000 m
Kx 2.0000 Ky 1.0000 Kt 1.0000
Cbx 1.0000 Cby 1.0000 ex 0.0000 mm
Cmx 0.8500 Cmy 1.0000 ey 0.0000 mm

Braced Flange: Top Red. Factor, R: 0 Stiffness, k: 0 kN


Loads: P Mx Vy My Vx
(kN) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Entered 224.20 1.600 1.10 0.000 0.00
Applied 224.20 1.600 1.10 0.000 0.00
Strength 271.34 43.655 115.84 8.611 125.66

Effective section properties at applied loads:


Ae 2651.2 mm^2 Ixe 40329580 mm^4 Iye 4963926 mm^4
Sxe(t) 267120 mm^3 Sye(l) 52252 mm^3
Sxe(b) 270630 mm^3 Sye(r) 52252 mm^3

Interaction Equations
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-1 (P, Mx, My) 0.826 + 0.038 + 0.000 = 0.864 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-2 (P, Mx, My) 0.639 + 0.037 + 0.000 = 0.676 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (Mx, Vy) Sqrt(0.001 + 0.000)= 0.033 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (My, Vx) Sqrt(0.000 + 0.000)= 0.000 <= 1.0

Member Check - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Case of Maximum Moment:

Material Type: A653 SS Grade 50/1, Fy=344.74 MPa


Design Parameters:
Lx 3.0000 m Ly 3.0000 m Lt 3.0000 m
Kx 2.0000 Ky 1.0000 Kt 1.0000
Cbx 1.0000 Cby 1.0000 ex 0.0000 mm
Cmx 0.8500 Cmy 1.0000 ey 0.0000 mm
Braced Flange: Top Red. Factor, R: 0 Stiffness, k: 0 kN

Loads: P Mx Vy My Vx
(kN) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Entered 143.50 12.900 7.80 0.000 0.00
Applied 143.50 12.900 7.80 0.000 0.00
Strength 271.34 43.655 115.84 8.611 125.66

Effective section properties at applied loads:


Ae 2906.8 mm^2 Ixe 40217888 mm^4 Iye 4964693 mm^4
Sxe(t) 264405 mm^3 Sye(l) 52260 mm^3
Sxe(b) 271939 mm^3 Sye(r) 52260 mm^3

Interaction Equations
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-1 (P, Mx, My) 0.529 + 0.284 + 0.000 = 0.812 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-2 (P, Mx, My) 0.409 + 0.296 + 0.000 = 0.705 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (Mx, Vy) Sqrt(0.066 + 0.005)= 0.265 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (My, Vx) Sqrt(0.000 + 0.000)= 0.000 <= 1.0
CFS Version 6.0.4
Section: Section 3.sct Metwally Abu-Hamd
Double Channel 300x95x20x2.25
Used for Top Two Floors Cairo University

Rev. Date: 03/01/2012 7:31:51 PM


By: Metwally Abu-Hamd
Printed: 03/01/2012 7:33:23 PM

Full Section Properties

Area 2304.9 mm^2 Wt. 0.17727 kN/m Width 1024.4 mm

Ix 30823102 mm^4 rx 115.64 mm Ixy 0 mm^4


Sx(t) 205487 mm^3 y(t) 150.00 mm 0.000 deg
Sx(b) 205487 mm^3 y(b) 150.00 mm
Height 300.00 mm
Iy 3804324 mm^4 ry 40.63 mm Xo 0.00 mm
Sy(l) 40046 mm^3 x(l) 95.00 mm Yo 0.00 mm
Sy(r) 40046 mm^3 x(r) 95.00 mm jx 0.00 mm
Width 190.00 mm jy 0.00 mm
I1 30823102 mm^4 r1 115.64 mm
I2 3804323 mm^4 r2 40.63 mm
Ic 34627424 mm^4 rc 122.57 mm Cw 8.4318e10 mm^6
Io 34627424 mm^4 ro 122.57 mm J 3890 mm^4

Fully Braced Strength - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Material Type: A653 SS Grade 50/1, Fy=344.74 MPa


Compression Positive Moment Positive Moment
Pao 220.01 kN Maxo 35.057 kN-m Mayo 5.751 kN-m
Ae 1148.8 mm^2 Ixe 27328810 mm^4 Iye 2793964 mm^4
Sxe(t) 169823 mm^3 Sye(l) 31146 mm^3
Tension Sxe(b) 196505 mm^3 Sye(r) 27857 mm^3
Ta 475.80 kN
Negative Moment Negative Moment
Maxo 35.057 kN-m Mayo 5.751 kN-m
Shear Ixe 27328810 mm^4 Iye 2793963 mm^4
Vay 48.62 kN Sxe(t) 196505 mm^3 Sye(l) 27857 mm^3
Vax 95.99 kN Sxe(b) 169823 mm^3 Sye(r) 31146 mm^3

Member Check - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Case of maximum Axial Force:

Material Type: A653 SS Grade 50/1, Fy=344.74 MPa


Design Parameters:
Lx 3.0000 m Ly 3.0000 m Lt 3.0000 m
Kx 2.0000 Ky 1.0000 Kt 1.0000
Cbx 1.0000 Cby 1.0000 ex 0.0000 mm
Cmx 0.8500 Cmy 1.0000 ey 0.0000 mm

Braced Flange: Top Red. Factor, R: 0 Stiffness, k: 0 kN


Loads: P Mx Vy My Vx
(kN) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Entered 108.60 1.900 1.30 0.000 0.00
Applied 108.60 1.900 1.30 0.000 0.00
Strength 172.70 29.085 48.62 5.751 95.99

Effective section properties at applied loads:


Ae 1938.0 mm^2 Ixe 30552392 mm^4 Iye 3803704 mm^4
Sxe(t) 200535 mm^3 Sye(l) 40039 mm^3
Sxe(b) 206931 mm^3 Sye(r) 40039 mm^3

Interaction Equations
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-1 (P, Mx, My) 0.629 + 0.063 + 0.000 = 0.691 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-2 (P, Mx, My) 0.494 + 0.065 + 0.000 = 0.559 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (Mx, Vy) Sqrt(0.003 + 0.001)= 0.060 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (My, Vx) Sqrt(0.000 + 0.000)= 0.000 <= 1.0

Member Check - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Case of maximum Moment:

Material Type: A653 SS Grade 50/1, Fy=344.74 MPa


Design Parameters:
Lx 3.0000 m Ly 3.0000 m Lt 3.0000 m
Kx 2.0000 Ky 1.0000 Kt 1.0000
Cbx 1.0000 Cby 1.0000 ex 0.0000 mm
Cmx 0.8500 Cmy 1.0000 ey 0.0000 mm
Braced Flange: Top Red. Factor, R: 0 Stiffness, k: 0 kN

Loads: P Mx Vy My Vx
(kN) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Entered 21.60 11.300 6.20 0.000 0.00
Applied 21.60 11.300 6.20 0.000 0.00
Strength 172.70 29.085 48.62 5.751 95.99

Effective section properties at applied loads:


Ae 2304.9 mm^2 Ixe 30823102 mm^4 Iye 3804324 mm^4
Sxe(t) 205487 mm^3 Sye(l) 40046 mm^3
Sxe(b) 205487 mm^3 Sye(r) 40046 mm^3

Interaction Equations
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-1 (P, Mx, My) 0.125 + 0.338 + 0.000 = 0.463 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-2 (P, Mx, My) 0.098 + 0.389 + 0.000 = 0.487 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (Mx, Vy) Sqrt(0.104 + 0.016)= 0.347 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (My, Vx) Sqrt(0.000 + 0.000)= 0.000 <= 1.0
CFS Version 6.0.4
Section: Section 1.sct Metwally Abu-Hamd
Channel 200x75x25x1.7 Cairo University

Rev. Date: 03/01/2012 11:31:12 PM


By: Metwally Abu-Hamd
Printed: 03/01/2012 11:32:54 PM

Full Section Properties

Area 654.28 mm^2 Wt. 0.050321 kN/m Width 384.87 mm

Ix 4040240 mm^4 rx 78.58 mm Ixy 0 mm^4


Sx(t) 40402 mm^3 y(t) 100.00 mm 0.000 deg
Sx(b) 40402 mm^3 y(b) 100.00 mm
Height 200.00 mm
Iy 521588 mm^4 ry 28.23 mm Xo -57.59 mm
Sy(l) 22467 mm^3 x(l) 23.22 mm Yo 0.00 mm
Sy(r) 10072 mm^3 x(r) 51.78 mm jx 107.33 mm
Width 75.00 mm jy 0.00 mm
I1 4040240 mm^4 r1 78.58 mm
I2 521588 mm^4 r2 28.23 mm
Ic 4561829 mm^4 rc 83.50 mm Cw 4.4341e09 mm^6
Io 6732037 mm^4 ro 101.44 mm J 630.3 mm^4

Fully Braced Strength - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Material Type: A875 SS Grade 33, Fy=227.53 MPa


Compression Positive Moment Positive Moment
Pao 59.501 kN Maxo 5.4154 kN-m Mayo 1.3723 kN-m
Ae 470.72 mm^2 Ixe 3999671 mm^4 Iye 521588 mm^4
Sxe(t) 39748 mm^3 Sye(l) 22467 mm^3
Tension Sxe(b) 40248 mm^3 Sye(r) 10072 mm^3
Ta 89.142 kN
Negative Moment Negative Moment
Maxo 5.4154 kN-m Mayo 1.2873 kN-m
Shear Ixe 3999671 mm^4 Iye 430434 mm^4
Vay 15.982 kN Sxe(t) 40248 mm^3 Sye(l) 14619 mm^3
Vax 18.450 kN Sxe(b) 39748 mm^3 Sye(r) 9448 mm^3

Member Check - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Material Type: A875 SS Grade 33, Fy=227.53 MPa


Design Parameters:
Lx 3.3500 m Ly 0.5000 m Lt 0.5000 m
Kx 1.0000 Ky 1.0000 Kt 1.0000
Cbx 1.0000 Cby 1.0000 ex 0.0000 mm
Cmx 1.0000 Cmy 1.0000 ey 0.0000 mm

Braced Flange: Top Red. Factor, R: 0 Stiffness, k: 0 kN


Loads: P Mx Vy My Vx
(kN) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Entered 0.000 4.3000 0.000 0.0000 0.000
Applied 0.000 4.3000 0.000 0.0000 0.000
Strength 55.534 4.9942 15.982 1.3723 18.450

Effective section properties at applied loads:


Ae 654.28 mm^2 Ixe 4040240 mm^4 Iye 521588 mm^4
Sxe(t) 40402 mm^3 Sye(l) 22467 mm^3
Sxe(b) 40402 mm^3 Sye(r) 10072 mm^3

Interaction Equations
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-1 (P, Mx, My) 0.000 + 0.861 + 0.000 = 0.861 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-2 (P, Mx, My) 0.000 + 0.861 + 0.000 = 0.861 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (Mx, Vy) Sqrt(0.630 + 0.000)= 0.794 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (My, Vx) Sqrt(0.000 + 0.000)= 0.000 <= 1.0
CFS Version 6.0.4
Section: Section 2.sct Metwally Abu-Hamd
Channel 200x75x25x2 Cairo University

Rev. Date: 03/01/2012 11:33:20 PM


By: Metwally Abu-Hamd
Printed: 03/01/2012 11:34:43 PM

Full Section Properties

Area 766.83 mm^2 Wt. 0.058977 kN/m Width 383.42 mm

Ix 4716426 mm^4 rx 78.43 mm Ixy 0 mm^4


Sx(t) 47164 mm^3 y(t) 100.00 mm 0.000 deg
Sx(b) 47164 mm^3 y(b) 100.00 mm
Height 200.00 mm
Iy 605245 mm^4 ry 28.09 mm Xo -57.25 mm
Sy(l) 26065 mm^3 x(l) 23.22 mm Yo 0.00 mm
Sy(r) 11689 mm^3 x(r) 51.78 mm jx 107.13 mm
Width 75.00 mm jy 0.00 mm
I1 4716426 mm^4 r1 78.43 mm
I2 605246 mm^4 r2 28.09 mm
Ic 5321672 mm^4 rc 83.31 mm Cw 5.1202e09 mm^6
Io 7834877 mm^4 ro 101.08 mm J 1022.4 mm^4

Fully Braced Strength - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Material Type: A653 SS Grade 50/1, Fy=344.74 MPa


Compression Positive Moment Positive Moment
Pao 95.40 kN Maxo 8.9608 kN-m Mayo 2.4129 kN-m
Ae 498.10 mm^2 Ixe 4486809 mm^4 Iye 605245 mm^4
Sxe(t) 43409 mm^3 Sye(l) 26065 mm^3
Tension Sxe(b) 46429 mm^3 Sye(r) 11689 mm^3
Ta 158.30 kN
Negative Moment Negative Moment
Maxo 8.9608 kN-m Mayo 2.2512 kN-m
Shear Ixe 4486809 mm^4 Iye 492638 mm^4
Vay 26.11 kN Sxe(t) 46429 mm^3 Sye(l) 16517 mm^3
Vax 32.58 kN Sxe(b) 43409 mm^3 Sye(r) 10905 mm^3

Member Check - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Material Type: A653 SS Grade 50/1, Fy=344.74 MPa


Design Parameters:
Lx 3.9000 m Ly 0.5000 m Lt 0.5000 m
Kx 1.0000 Ky 1.0000 Kt 1.0000
Cbx 1.0000 Cby 1.0000 ex 0.0000 mm
Cmx 1.0000 Cmy 1.0000 ey 0.0000 mm
Braced Flange: Top Red. Factor, R: 0 Stiffness, k: 0 kN

Loads: P Mx Vy My Vx
(kN) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Entered 0.000 4.9000 0.000 0.0000 0.000
Applied 0.000 4.9000 0.000 0.0000 0.000
Strength 87.713 8.1892 26.108 2.4129 32.578

Effective section properties at applied loads:


Ae 766.83 mm^2 Ixe 4716426 mm^4 Iye 605245 mm^4
Sxe(t) 47164 mm^3 Sye(l) 26065 mm^3
Sxe(b) 47164 mm^3 Sye(r) 11689 mm^3

Interaction Equations
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-1 (P, Mx, My) 0.000 + 0.598 + 0.000 = 0.598 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-2 (P, Mx, My) 0.000 + 0.598 + 0.000 = 0.598 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (Mx, Vy) Sqrt(0.299 + 0.000)= 0.547 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (My, Vx) Sqrt(0.000 + 0.000)= 0.000 <= 1.0
Section 2Channels 240x75x25x20x2.65 (Alex Form)

Used as Rigid Frame Beams (Building Long. Direction)

Full Section Properties

Area 2227.4 mm^2 Wt. 0.17131 kN/m Width 840.52 mm

Ix 18893664 mm^4 rx 92.10 mm Ixy -1 mm^4


Sx(t) 157447 mm^3 y(t) 120.00 mm 0.000 deg
Sx(b) 157447 mm^3 y(b) 120.00 mm
Height 240.00 mm
Iy 2644584 mm^4 ry 34.46 mm Xo 0.00 mm
Sy(l) 35261 mm^3 x(l) 75.00 mm Yo 0.00 mm
Sy(r) 35261 mm^3 x(r) 75.00 mm jx 0.00 mm
Width 150.00 mm jy 0.00 mm
I1 18893664 mm^4 r1 92.10 mm
I2 2644584 mm^4 r2 34.46 mm
Ic 21538248 mm^4 rc 98.34 mm Cw 3.7246e10 mm^6
Io 21538248 mm^4 ro 98.34 mm J 5214 mm^4

Fully Braced Strength - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Material Type: A653 SS Grade 50/1, Fy=344.74 MPa


Compression Positive Moment Positive Moment
Pao 303.34 kN Maxo 32.391 kN-m Mayo 7.279 kN-m
Ae 1583.8 mm^2 Ixe 18856632 mm^4 Iye 2644584 mm^4
Sxe(t) 156911 mm^3 Sye(l) 35261 mm^3
Tension Sxe(b) 157367 mm^3 Sye(r) 35261 mm^3
Ta 459.80 kN
Negative Moment Negative Moment
Maxo 32.391 kN-m Mayo 7.279 kN-m
Shear Ixe 18856636 mm^4 Iye 2644584 mm^4
Vay 100.73 kN Sxe(t) 157367 mm^3 Sye(l) 35261 mm^3
Vax 84.55 kN Sxe(b) 156911 mm^3 Sye(r) 35261 mm^3

Member Check - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Material Type: A653 SS Grade 50/1, Fy=344.74 MPa


Design Parameters:
Lx 3.3500 m Ly 1.0000 m Lt 3.3500 m
Kx 1.0000 Ky 1.0000 Kt 1.0000
Cbx 1.1500 Cby 1.0000 ex 0.0000 mm
Cmx 1.0000 Cmy 1.0000 ey 0.0000 mm
Braced Flange: Top Red. Factor, R: 0 Stiffness, k: 0 kN

Loads: P Mx Vy My Vx
(kN) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Entered 3.70 26.000 31.00 0.000 0.00
Applied 3.70 26.000 31.00 0.000 0.00
Strength 211.53 29.200 100.73 6.902 84.55
Effective section properties at applied loads:
Ae 2227.4 mm^2 Ixe 18893664 mm^4 Iye 2644584 mm^4
Sxe(t) 157447 mm^3 Sye(l) 35261 mm^3
Sxe(b) 157447 mm^3 Sye(r) 35261 mm^3

Interaction Equations
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-1 (P, Mx, My) 0.017 + 0.892 + 0.000 = 0.910 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-2 (P, Mx, My) 0.012 + 0.890 + 0.000 = 0.903 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (Mx, Vy) Sqrt(0.644 + 0.095)= 0.860 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (My, Vx) Sqrt(0.000 + 0.000)= 0.000 <= 1.0
CFS Version 6.0.4
Section: Section 1.sct Metwally Abu-Hamd
Tube 100x100x3 Cairo University

Rev. Date: 03/01/2012 8:18:01 PM


By: Metwally Abu-Hamd
Printed: 03/01/2012 8:19:19 PM

Full Section Properties

Area 1140.8 mm^2 Wt. 0.087741 kN/m Width 380.27 mm

Ix 1770470 mm^4 rx 39.394 mm Ixy 1 mm^4


Sx(t) 35409 mm^3 y(t) 50.000 mm 0.000 deg
Sx(b) 35409 mm^3 y(b) 50.000 mm
Height 100.000 mm
Iy 1770468 mm^4 ry 39.394 mm Xo 0.000 mm
Sy(l) 35409 mm^3 x(l) 50.000 mm Yo 0.000 mm
Sy(r) 35409 mm^3 x(r) 50.000 mm jx 0.000 mm
Width 100.000 mm jy 0.000 mm
I1 1770470 mm^4 r1 39.394 mm
I2 1770468 mm^4 r2 39.394 mm
Ic 3540938 mm^4 rc 55.712 mm Cw 6.1054e05 mm^6
Io 3540938 mm^4 ro 55.712 mm J 2783333 mm^4

Fully Braced Strength - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Material Type: A570 Grade 33, Fy=227.53 MPa


Compression Positive Moment Positive Moment
Pao 144.20 kN Maxo 4.8243 kN-m Mayo 4.8243 kN-m
Ae 1140.8 mm^2 Ixe 1770470 mm^4 Iye 1770468 mm^4
Sxe(t) 35409 mm^3 Sye(l) 35409 mm^3
Tension Sxe(b) 35409 mm^3 Sye(r) 35409 mm^3
Ta 155.43 kN
Negative Moment Negative Moment
Maxo 4.8243 kN-m Mayo 4.8243 kN-m
Shear Ixe 1770470 mm^4 Iye 1770468 mm^4
Vay 45.05 kN Sxe(t) 35409 mm^3 Sye(l) 35409 mm^3
Vax 45.05 kN Sxe(b) 35409 mm^3 Sye(r) 35409 mm^3

Member Check - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Material Type: A570 Grade 33, Fy=227.53 MPa


Design Parameters:
Lx 5.0000 m Ly 5.0000 m Lt 5.0000 m
Kx 1.0000 Ky 1.0000 Kt 1.0000
Cbx 1.0000 Cby 1.0000 ex 0.0000 mm
Cmx 1.0000 Cmy 1.0000 ey 0.0000 mm
Braced Flange: None Red. Factor, R: 0 Stiffness, k: 0 kN
Loads: P Mx Vy My Vx
(kN) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Entered 43.000 0.0000 0.000 0.0000 0.000
Applied 43.000 0.0000 0.000 0.0000 0.000
Strength 67.157 4.8243 45.050 4.8243 45.050

Effective section properties at applied loads:


Ae 1140.8 mm^2 Ixe 1770470 mm^4 Iye 1770468 mm^4
Sxe(t) 35409 mm^3 Sye(l) 35409 mm^3
Sxe(b) 35409 mm^3 Sye(r) 35409 mm^3

Interaction Equations
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-1 (P, Mx, My) 0.640 + 0.000 + 0.000 = 0.640 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-2 (P, Mx, My) 0.298 + 0.000 + 0.000 = 0.298 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (Mx, Vy) Sqrt(0.000 + 0.000)= 0.000 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (My, Vx) Sqrt(0.000 + 0.000)= 0.000 <= 1.0
CFS Version 6.0.4
Section: Section 2.sct Metwally Abu-Hamd
Tube 120x120x4 Cairo University

Rev. Date: 03/01/2012 8:19:40 PM


By: Metwally Abu-Hamd
Printed: 03/01/2012 8:20:19 PM

Full Section Properties

Area 1814.8 mm^2 Wt. 0.13958 kN/m Width 453.70 mm

Ix 4022764 mm^4 rx 47.081 mm Ixy 1 mm^4


Sx(t) 67046 mm^3 y(t) 60.000 mm 0.000 deg
Sx(b) 67046 mm^3 y(b) 60.000 mm
Height 120.000 mm
Iy 4022758 mm^4 ry 47.081 mm Xo 0.000 mm
Sy(l) 67046 mm^3 x(l) 60.000 mm Yo 0.000 mm
Sy(r) 67046 mm^3 x(r) 60.000 mm jx 0.000 mm
Width 120.000 mm jy 0.000 mm
I1 4022764 mm^4 r1 47.081 mm
I2 4022758 mm^4 r2 47.081 mm
Ic 8045522 mm^4 rc 66.583 mm Cw 2.3775e06 mm^6
Io 8045522 mm^4 ro 66.583 mm J 6356047 mm^4

Fully Braced Strength - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Material Type: A653 SS Grade 50/1, Fy=344.74 MPa


Compression Positive Moment Positive Moment
Pao 347.57 kN Maxo 13.840 kN-m Mayo 13.840 kN-m
Ae 1814.8 mm^2 Ixe 4022764 mm^4 Iye 4022758 mm^4
Sxe(t) 67046 mm^3 Sye(l) 67046 mm^3
Tension Sxe(b) 67046 mm^3 Sye(r) 67046 mm^3
Ta 374.63 kN
Negative Moment Negative Moment
Maxo 13.840 kN-m Mayo 13.840 kN-m
Shear Ixe 4022764 mm^4 Iye 4022758 mm^4
Vay 107.56 kN Sxe(t) 67046 mm^3 Sye(l) 67046 mm^3
Vax 107.56 kN Sxe(b) 67046 mm^3 Sye(r) 67046 mm^3

Member Check - 2007 North American Specification - US (ASD)

Material Type: A653 SS Grade 50/1, Fy=344.74 MPa


Design Parameters:
Lx 5.0000 m Ly 5.0000 m Lt 5.0000 m
Kx 1.0000 Ky 1.0000 Kt 1.0000
Cbx 1.0000 Cby 1.0000 ex 0.0000 mm
Cmx 1.0000 Cmy 1.0000 ey 0.0000 mm
Braced Flange: None Red. Factor, R: 0 Stiffness, k: 0 kN
Loads: P Mx Vy My Vx
(kN) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m) (kN)
Entered 99.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00
Applied 99.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00
Strength 154.52 13.840 107.56 13.840 107.56

Effective section properties at applied loads:


Ae 1814.8 mm^2 Ixe 4022764 mm^4 Iye 4022758 mm^4
Sxe(t) 67046 mm^3 Sye(l) 67046 mm^3
Sxe(b) 67046 mm^3 Sye(r) 67046 mm^3

Interaction Equations
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-1 (P, Mx, My) 0.641 + 0.000 + 0.000 = 0.641 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C5.2.1-2 (P, Mx, My) 0.285 + 0.000 + 0.000 = 0.285 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (Mx, Vy) Sqrt(0.000 + 0.000)= 0.000 <= 1.0
NAS Eq. C3.3.1-1 (My, Vx) Sqrt(0.000 + 0.000)= 0.000 <= 1.0
7- Material Take-off:

The material take off was obtained using Tekla software as follows:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
TEKLA STRUCTURES MATERIAL LIST FOR MODEL 63 m2 Page: 1
TITLE: Tekla Corporation Date: 05.04.2012
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Size Grade Qty. Length(mm) Area(m) Weight(kg
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 156 3345 2.6 17.3
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 48 3905 3.0 20.2
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 36 2405 1.9 12.4
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 36 1845 1.4 9.4
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 18 3905 3.0 20.2
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 12 3025 2.4 15.6
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 12 3025 2.4 15.6
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 12 1475 1.1 7.5
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 12 1276 0.9 6.2
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 6 2355 1.8 12.1
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 6 2355 1.8 12.1
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 6 1725 1.3 8.8
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 6 1725 1.3 8.8
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 6 1595 1.2 8.1
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 6 1595 1.2 8.1
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 6 1475 1.1 7.5
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 6 1475 1.1 7.5
CC200-1.7-25-7 S235JR 12 1275 1.0 6.4
----------------------------------------------------------------------
mm. 884.5 5872.5kg1139144

CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 144 3342 2.6 20.6


CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 108 3902 3.1 24.0
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 66 3905 3.0 23.7
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 36 2596 2.0 15.4
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 24 3757 2.9 23.0
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 24 3345 2.6 20.3
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 24 2975 2.3 18.0
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 24 2730 2.2 16.8
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 24 1842 1.5 11.3
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 12 3905 3.0 23.7
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 12 3905 3.0 23.7
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 12 3902 3.1 24.0
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 12 3345 2.6 20.3
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 12 2402 1.9 14.8
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 12 2402 1.9 14.8
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 12 1651 1.2 9.6
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 6 2354 1.8 14.2
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 6 2354 1.8 14.2
CC200-2-25-75 S235JR 12 1651 1.2 9.6
----------------------------------------------------------------------
mm. 1496.1 11677.5kg1911592

CC240-2.65-25- S235JR 216 3050 2.6 27.2


CC240-2.65-25- S235JR 72 3040 2.6 27.2
CC240-2.65-25- S235JR 48 3198 2.7 28.1
CC240-2.65-25- S235JR 24 2024 1.7 17.6
CC240-2.65-25- S235JR 24 1876 1.6 16.8
CC240-2.65-25- S235JR 12 1028 0.8 8.7
CC240-2.65-25- S235JR 12 1028 0.8 8.7
----------------------------------------------------------------------
mm. 990.0 10224.3kg1149456

CC300-2.25-20- S235JR 78 4985 5.2 45.9


----------------------------------------------------------------------
mm. 407.1 3578.1kg388830

CC300-3-20-95 S235JR 78 5970 6.2 72.8


----------------------------------------------------------------------
mm. 485.5 5680.5kg465660

CC300-4-20-95 S235JR 78 6970 7.2 112.5


----------------------------------------------------------------------
mm. 563.6 8774.5kg543660

L70X70X7 S235JR 2040 140 0.0 1.0


----------------------------------------------------------------------
mm. 83.8 2087.3kg285600

PL6*80 S235JR 336 120 0.0 0.2


PL6*80 S235JR 36 120 0.0 0.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------
mm. 4.3 83.1kg44640

PL6*100 S235JR 78 150 0.0 0.4


----------------------------------------------------------------------
mm. 1.4 27.6kg11700

PL10*180 S235JR 156 280 0.1 4.0


PL10*180 S235JR 42 240 0.1 3.4
PL10*180 S235JR 42 220 0.1 3.1
----------------------------------------------------------------------
mm. 24.8 890.2kg63000

PL180X10 S235JR 336 320 0.1 4.5


PL180X10 S235JR 36 280 0.1 4.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------
mm. 46.0 1661.7kg117600

PL190X15 S235JR 39 500 0.2 11.2


PL190X15 S235JR 156 300 0.1 6.7
----------------------------------------------------------------------
mm. 28.3 1483.3kg66300

X3 S235JR 3 4303 1.7 38.6100[]


X3 S235JR 3 4302 1.7 38.6100[]
X3 S235JR 2 4303 1.7 38.6100[]
X3 S235JR 2 4302 1.7 38.6100[]
X3 S235JR 2 4301 1.7 38.6100[]
X3 S235JR 1 4749 1.9 42.8100[]
X3 S235JR 1 4749 1.9 42.8100[]
X3 S235JR 1 4748 1.9 42.8100[]
X3 S235JR 1 4748 1.9 42.8100[]
X3 S235JR 1 4747 1.9 42.8100[]
X3 S235JR 1 4747 1.9 42.8100[]
X3 S235JR 3 4301 1.7 38.6100[]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
mm. 36.6 835.7kg93013

X4 S235JR 3 4315 2.0 61.5120[]


X4 S235JR 3 4314 2.0 61.5120[]
X4 S235JR 2 4759 2.2 68.2120[]
X4 S235JR 2 4758 2.2 68.2120[]
X4 S235JR 2 4315 2.0 61.5120[]
X4 S235JR 2 4314 2.0 61.5120[]
X4 S235JR 1 4673 2.2 67.0120[]
X4 S235JR 1 4673 2.2 67.0120[]
X4 S235JR 1 4219 2.0 60.2120[]
X4 S235JR 1 4219 2.0 60.2120[]
X4 S235JR 3 4219 2.0 60.2120[]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
mm. 43.6 1322.8kg92618

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total: 54198.8 kg
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMPARISON OF RC AND STEEL DESIGNS
MODEL 63 m2

RC CONVENTIONAL SOLUTION STEEL CONVENTIONAL SOLUTION

Unit
Item Quantity Cost (LE**) Item Quantity Unit Cost Cost (LE**)
Cost
P C for Footings(m3) 147.39 400 58955 P C for Footings(m3) 40.00 400 16000

R C for Footings (m3) 112.68 1200 135216 R C for Footings (m3) 75.00 1200 90000

Skeleton (m3)* 370.23 1400 518318 Skeleton (ton) 55.00 8000 440000

Brick Walls (m2 /HP) 1680.00 80 134400 GRC Walls (m2 /HP) 1680.00 100 168000

Ceramic Flooring (m2 )) 1680.00 75 126000 GRC Flooring (m2) 1680.00 100 168000

Total 972889 False Ceiling 1680.00 50 84000


Total 966000
(**) $ = 6 LE

Execution Time= 18 Monthes Execution Time= 3 Monthes


Progress Report No 2

Appendix 3

Wall Bearing Cold Formed Framing Design


Progress Report No 2

Design Report for a Residential Building


Load Bearing wall panel system
Decking: GRC panels
63 m2- 4 flats/floor

1. Introduction

This report presents the structural analysis and design of a residential building where
the primary vertical loads are carried by wall bearing formed of cold-formed steel C
sections, and the primary lateral loads are resisted by vertical bracing elements. The
considered building consists of 6 floors, and covers an area of 315 m2 (including
voids), each floor is divided into 4 flats each of which is 63 m2. Fig.1 shows the typical
architectural floor plan of the building.

Fig.1 : Architectural typical floor plan

2. Design Criteria
Progress Report No 2

Egyptain Code of Practice for Calculation of Loads and Forces on Structural


Works and Building Works, ECP 201-2011 edition was used for determining
gravity and lateral loads.
Egyption Code of Practice for Steel Construction and Bridges (Allowable Stress
Design), code No. ECP 205-2001, 2011 edition was used for member seizing
Alexform section tables was used for member callout
Allowable strength design (ASD) was used for members and connections
design.
Deflection of floor joists was limited to L/200 due to live load, where L is the joist
span

3. Loads
3.1 DEAD LOADS, DL
Self weight of steel per unit volume = 78.5 KN/m3 (7850 kg/m3)

Weight GRC panels = 0.5 KN/m2 (50 kg/m2)

Weight of 1 cm screed = 0.25 KN/m2 (25 kg/m2).

Partition (GRC panels) weight = 0.5 KN/m2 (50 kg/m2). Partition load was
included to account for partitions that may be moved at various times during the
structures life span.

3.2 LIVE LOAD, LL


On floor areas = 2 KN/m2 (200kg/m2)

On stairs, corridors, kitchens and bathrooms = 3 KN/m2 (300 kg/m2)

3.3 WIND LOAD, WL


Wind loads, P, are calculated from the following equation
P = Ce k q

Ce = Shape factor = 0.8 for inward side, = 0.5 for leeward side
k = Height factor = 1 for height = 0 -10 m
= 1.15 for height = 10-20 m
q = Basic wind pressure = 0.68 KN/m2 corresponds to basic wind speed = 33 m/sec
Progress Report No 2

3.4 SEISMIC LOAD, S


Total base force = Fb = Sd(TI)* * W/g
Sd(TI) = Design response spectrum at fundamental period of vibration TI
= ag *I *S* (2.5/R)* (TC/TI) *
ag = design acceleration = 0.15 g (Zone (3) acc. to Egypt zoning)
S = Soil class factor = 1.5 for soil class C
Tc = constant response spectrum period = 0.25 sec for soil class C
TI = structure period = Ct (H) 3/4 , Ct = 0.085 for steel frames,
= 0.075 for RC frames.
H = building height in meters
W = Total dead load plus 25 % of live loads
= 1 for TI > 2 TC , otherwise = 0.85
R = Response modification factor = 5 for Moment Resisting Frames
.
Important Note: Fb represents the FACTORED load in LRFD and to be divided by 1.4
in ASD.

The calculated base shear factor = 0.037

4. Load Combinations
Load combinations considered are according to that defined in the ECP 201-2011
edition and ECP 205-2001, 2011 edition. They are as follows
DL
DL+LL
DL+WL
DL+LL+WL
DL+S
DL+LL+S
Note: The ECP 205-2001 allows increasing the allowable stresses by 20% when
WL or S is considered in the design
5. Software
The following software was used in the development of the calculations:
SAP2000: Used in developing the 3D model analysis model
Microsoft Excel: Used to develop spreadsheets for design of sections
6. Statical System and structural analysis
Progress Report No 2

The statical system that carries the vertical loads (dead and live loads) consists of
concrete slab plus corrugated steel deck supported on series of horizontal beams
(joists). The beams transmit their loads directly to vertical columns (studs). The
spacing between the beams and the columns are nearly the same. So, the vertical
loads transmitted from the slab to the beams, and then to the vertical columns.
However, lateral loads are carried by group of vertical bracing systems arranged in the
two principal directions of the building. The load bearing walls are arranged along axis
1 to 13, while the vertical bracing systems along X-direction are arranged on axis A,
D, H, and I. Each axe receives 2 bracing bays. Inaddition, the vertical bracing
systems along Y-direction are arranged on axis 1, 7, and 13. Axis 1 and 7 have
2 bracing bays.

Fig. 2 : Structural plan showing the arrangement of the joists, load bearing walls and
the vertical bracing bays.

3D model has been developed using SAP2000 program. The model has been done
considering the following assumptions:
Progress Report No 2

Beams (joists) are hinged connected to the vertical columns.


Places where opening like doors or windows are placed, lintel beam carry the
reaction from the joist to two vertical columns adjacent to the opening.
Vertical bracing members are pinned connected to the vertical columns.
The floor slab moved horizontally in the principle directions as rigid diaphragm.
Note: SAP output is provided in appendix A

7. Member Seizing
The following section describes the design of each element. The spread excel sheets
for the design of sections are given in appendix B.

7.1 JOISTS
Joists are designed as simple beams with variable spans. The spacing between joists
ranges from 65 cm to 75 cm. The later spacing lays between axe E and axe G. The
critical case of loading was DL + LL. Based on this along with the limits that are stated
in the design criteria 160C60-170 section was selected for all joists, however, 160C60-
300 section was selected for joists that have spans of 5.25m. The compression flange
of the joists was considered to be continuously braced via attachment of corrugated
sheet decking.

7.2 Beams bridging openings (Header Beams)


These beams are designed as simple beams. The maximum span is 1.5 m The critical
case of loading was DL + LL. Based on this along with the limits that are stated in the
design criteria 200T85-225 section was selected. The compression flange of the joists
was considered to be continuously braced via attachment of corrugated sheet decking.

7.3 External load bearing walls


The external vertical studs are designed as hinged-hinged columns with clear height of
3m. The maximum gravity loads arise from the combination of DL+LL. Due to the
presence of sheathing the overall out of plane buckling of the wall is prevented. A
horizontal CFS member connecting the studs in the plane of the wall is placed at the
mid height of the wall. In addition to the vertical loads, lateral wind loads are
considered. Based on this along with the limits that are stated in the design criteria
140C60-150 section was selected.

7.4 Internal load bearing walls


Progress Report No 2

The internal vertical studs are designed as hinged-hinged columns with clear height of
3m. The maximum gravity loads arise from the combination of DL+LL. Due to the
presence of sheathing the overall out of plane buckling of the wall is prevented. A
horizontal CFS member connecting the studs in the plane of the wall is placed at the
mid height of the wall. Based on this along with the limits that are stated in the design
criteria 140C60-200 section was selected.

7.5 Bracing elements


Bracing elements are provided to resist lateral loads such as wind load and seismic
force, and also ensure the stability of the building. Base reactions developed from the
calculated wind load and seismic forces are listed in table 1. These reactions indicate
that the wind load is critical than the seismic forces. Thus the bracing elements are
designed according to the wind load.
Table 1: Base reactions due to lateral loads
Applied Load Base Reaction (ton)
Wind in X-direction +/- 22.403
Wind in Y-direction -32.44 / + 46.94
Seismic in X-direction +/- 11.132
Seismic in Y-direction +/- 11.132

Axial forces in the vertical members range from 9.8 ton to -15.05 ton. Also, axial
forces in the diagonal members range from 3.5 ton to -5.9 ton. Based on this along
with the limits that are stated in the design criteria square hollow section140x140x4
section was selected for the vertical members, and 140x140x2 was selected for the
diagonals.
Horizontal members in the bracing systems arranged in Y-direction carry mainly the
reactions of the joists. Therefore, they are designed as beams with maximum bending
moments of 2.6 t.m, and maximum shear force of 2.4 ton. Based on this along with the
limits that are stated in the design criteria hollow section250x140x3 section was
selected. However, for members in the bracing systems arranged in Y-direction axial
forces are zero, and the maximum bending moments equal to 0.055 t.m. Based on this
along with the limits that are stated in the design criteria 160C60-170 section was
selected.

7.6 Stairs
Progress Report No 2

The statical system of the stairs consists of 4 inclined beams carrying the stairs. These
beams are supported on another 2 transverse beams. One in the floor level while the
other in the mid floor height level. The maximum bending moments and shear forces in
the transverse beams are .42 t.m and 0.64 ton, respectively. The compression flange
of the joists was considered to be continuously braced via attachment of corrugated
sheet decking. Based on this along with the limits that are stated in the design criteria
240C75-225 section was selected.

9. Material Quantities
From the above design the following quantities are calculated
Own weight of steel elements = 38.05 x 1.1 = 41 ton

Appendix A
SAP output
Progress Report No 2

Fig. 3: Plan of one floor


Horizontal beams (joists) along X-axis, pin connected to the load bearing walls.
Load bearing walls are arranged on axis 1 to 13
Progress Report No 2

Fig. 4: Cross section along axe "B"


Horizontal joists are pin connected to the vertical load bearing walls
Progress Report No 2

Fig. 5: Cross section along axe "I"


Vertical bracing resists lateral loads in the X-direction, and provides lateral stability
Progress Report No 2

Fig. 6: Cross section along axe "13"


Vertical bracing resists lateral loads in the Y-direction, and provides lateral stability
Progress Report No 2

Fig. 7: Bending moment in horizontal joists along axe G


Load combination: DL + LL
Max Deflection = 19.6mm due to LL
Progress Report No 2

Fig. 8: Shear force in the horizontal joists along axe G


Load combination: DL + LL
Progress Report No 2

Fig. 9: Axial force in bracing elements on axe A , DL+Wxe


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 10: Axial force in bracing elements on axe A , DL+LL+Wxe


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 11: Axial force in bracing elements on axe D , DL+Wxe


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 12: Axial force in bracing elements on axe D , DL+LL+Wxe


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 13: Axial force in bracing elements on axe H , DL+Wxe


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 14: Axial force in bracing elements on axe H , DL+LL+Wxe


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 15: Axial force in bracing elements on axe I , DL+Wxe


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 16: Axial force in bracing elements on axe I , DL+LL+Wxe


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 17: Axial force in bracing elements on axe 1&13 , DL+Wye


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 18: Axial force in bracing elements on axe 1&13 , DL+LL+Wye


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 19: Axial force in bracing elements on axe 7 , DL+Wye


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 20: Axial force in bracing elements on axe 7 , DL+LL+Wye


Progress Report No 2

Appendix B
Design of Sections
Progress Report No 2

JOIST DESIGN
Y
Section Name 160C60-170
b
Section Diminsions f
r D
t
H= 160 mm
B= 60 mm
D= 20 mm
X H SC CG X -
t= 1.7 mm X
bc
r= 3.4 mm
f
Steel Properties
Y
Steel Type
Fy = 3.6 t/cm2
Fu = 5.2 t/cm2

Section Properties

2
A= 5.2 cm
4
Ix = 204.21 cm
3
Sx = 25.526 cm
3
Sxe = 24.087 cm
Weight = 4.082 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

Mx = 0.48 t.m. Span = 3.94 m


Q= 0.49 ton

Check of Stresses

fb = 1.9928 t/cm2 < Fb = 2.1 t/cm2 Safe


= 0.188 t/cm2 < a = 0.73 t/cm2 Safe

Maximum deflection due to LL = 11 mm


L/200 = 19 mm
Progress Report No 2

JOIST DESIGN
Y
Section Name 160C60-300
b
Section Diminsions D
r
t
H= 160 mm
B= 60 mm X H SC CG X
D= 20 mm
t= 3 mm X
bc
r= 6 mm

Steel Properties
Y
Steel Type
2
Fy = 3.6 t/cm
Fu = 5.2 t/cm2

Section Properties

A = 8.853 cm2
4
Ix = 336.52 cm
3
Sx = 42.065 cm
3
Sxe = 41.244 cm
Weight = 6.95 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

Mx = 0.8 t.m. Span = 5.25 m


Q= 0.61 ton

Check of Stresses

fb = 1.9397 t/cm2 < Fb = 2.1 t/cm2 Safe


= 0.137 t/cm2 < a = 0.73 t/cm2 Safe

Maximum deflection due to LL = 19.6 mm


L/200 = 26 mm
Progress Report No 2

Header Beam
Y
Section Name 160C60-150
b
Section Diminsions f
r D
t
H= 160 mm
B= 60 mm
D= 20 mm
X H SC CG X -
t= 1.5 mm X
bc
r= 3 mm
f
Steel Properties
Y
Steel Type
Fy = 3.6 t/cm2
Fu = 5.2 t/cm2

Section Properties

A = 4.613 cm2
4
Ix = 182.04 cm
3
Sx = 22.754 cm
3
Sxe = 21.084 cm
Weight = 3.621 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

Mx = 0.24 t.m. Span = 1.5 m


Q= 0.33 ton

Check of Stresses

fb = 1.13 t/cm2 < Fb = 2.1 t/cm2 Safe


= 0.146 t/cm2 < a = 0.73 t/cm2 Safe

Maximum deflection due to LL = 2 mm


L/200 = 7.5 mm
Progress Report No 2

External load bearing walls Y

b
Section Name 140C60-150 f
r D
t
Section Diminsions

H= 140 mm
X H SC CG X -
B= 60 mm X
bc
D= 20 mm
t= 1.5 mm f
r= 3 mm
Y
Steel Properties

Steel Type 52
2
Fy = 3.6 t/cm
2
Fu = 5.2 t/cm

Section Properties
2
Af = 4.313 cm
2
Ae = 2.98 cm
4
Ix = 133.38 cm
ix = 5.56cm
3
Sx = 19.05 cm
3
Sxe = 17.674 cm
4
Iy = 22.396 cm
iy = 2.279 cm
Weight = 3.386 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

N= 1.3 ton
Mx = 0.045 t.m. height = 3 m
Q= 0.67 ton
kx = 1 ky = 1
Lx = 300 cm Ly = 150 cm
kx.Lx/ix = 53.95 ky. Ly/iy = 65.81

Check of Stresses
2
fC = 0.436 t/cm < FC = 1.51 t/cm2 Safe
2
fb = 0.2546 t/cm < Fb = 2.1 t/cm2 Safe
= 0.33 t/cm
2
< a = 0.73 t/cm2 Safe

Interaction Check

fca f fb cy
+ b c x A1 + A2 = 0.4
Fc Fb c x Fb c y
Progress Report No 2

Internal load bearing walls Y

b
Section Name 140C60-200 f
r D
t
Section Diminsions

H= 140 mm
X H SC CG X -
B= 60 mm X
bc
D= 20 mm
t= 2 mm f
r= 4 mm
Y
Steel Properties

Steel Type 52
2
Fy = 3.6 t/cm
2
Fu = 5.2 t/cm

Section Properties
2
Af = 5.668 cm
2
Ae = 4.586 cm
4
Ix = 173.04 cm
ix = 5.525 cm
3
Sx = 24.72 cm
3
Sxe = 24.336 cm
4
Iy = 28.647 cm
iy = 2.248 cm
Weight = 4.449 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

N= 6 ton
Mx = 0 t.m. height = 3 m
Q= 0 ton
kx = 1 ky = 1
Lx = 300 cm Ly = 150 cm
kx.Lx/ix = 54.298 ky. Ly/iy = 66.72

Check of Stresses

fC = 1.3 t/cm2 < FC = 1.499 t/cm


2
Safe
fb = 0 t/cm2 < Fb = 2.1 t/cm2 Safe
=
2
0 t/cm < a = 0.73 t/cm2 Safe

Interaction Check

fca f fb cy
+ b c x A1 + A2 = 0.86
Fc Fb c x Fb c y
Progress Report No 2

Vertical and Digonal Bracing elements


Y
Section Name 140x140x4
b
Section Diminsions
X H t X
H= 140 mm
B= 140 mm
t= 4 mm

Steel Properties Y

Steel Type 52
Fy = 3.6 t/cm2
Fu = 5.2 t/cm2

Section Properties
2
Ae = 21.76 cm
4
Ix = 671.37 cm
ix = 5.55 cm
3
Sx = 95.91 cm
4
Iy = 671.37 cm
iy = 5.55 cm
Weight = 17.08 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

N= -25 ton
Mx = 0.14 t.m. height = 3 m
Q= 0.18 ton
kx = 1 ky = 1
Lx = 300 cm Ly = 300 cm
kx.Lx/ix = 54.054 ky. Ly/iy = 54.054

Check of Stresses

fC = 1.14 t/cm2 < FC = 1.7 t/cm2 Safe


2
fb = 0.145 t/cm < Fb = 2.1 t/cm2 Safe
= 0.017 t/cm
2
< a = 0.73 t/cm2 Safe

Interaction Check

fca f fb cy
+ b c x A1 + A2 = 0.74
Fc Fb c x Fb c y
Progress Report No 2

Digonal Bracing elements


Y
Section Name 140x140x2
b
Section Diminsions
X H t X
H= 140 mm
B= 140 mm
t= 2 mm

Steel Properties Y

Steel Type 52
Fy = 3.6 t/cm2
Fu = 5.2 t/cm2

Section Properties
2
Ae = 11.04 cm
4
Ix = 350.48 cm
ix = 5.63cm
3
Sx = 50.069 cm
4
Iy = 350.48 cm
iy = 5.63 cm
Weight = 17.08 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

N= -10 ton
Mx = 0 t.m. height = 4.9 m
Q= 0 ton
kx = 0.5 ky = 0.8
Lx = 490 cm Ly = 490 cm
kx.Lx/ix = 43.51 ky. Ly/iy = 69.63

Check of Stresses

fC = 0.9 t/cm2 < FC = 1.44 t/cm2 Safe


fb = 0 t/cm2 < Fb = 2.1 t/cm2 Safe
= 0 t/cm2 < a = 0.73 t/cm2 Safe

Interaction Check

fca f fb cy
+ b c x A1 + A2 = 0.63
Fc Fb c x Fb c y
Progress Report No 2

Horizontal bracing member (axe-7)


Y
Section Name 250x140x3
b
Section Diminsions
X H t X
H= 250 mm
B= 140 mm
t= 3 mm

Steel Properties Y

Steel Type 52
Fy = 3.6 t/cm2
Fu = 5.2 t/cm2

Section Properties
2
Ae = 23.04 cm
4
Ix = 2007.6 cm
ix = 9.33 cm
3
Sx = 160.61 cm
4
Iy = 824.25 cm
iy = 5.98 cm
Weight = 18.08 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

N= 0 ton
Mx = 2.6 t.m. Span = 5 m
Q= 2.4 ton

Check of Stresses

fC = 0 t/cm2 < FC = t/cm2 Safe


fb = 1.61 t/cm2 < Fb = 2.1 t/cm2 Safe
= 0.172 t/cm
2
< a = 0.73 t/cm2 Safe

Maximum deflection due to LL = 6 mm


L/200 = 25 mm
Progress Report No 2

Horizontal bracing member (axe-1 & 13)


Y
Section Name 200x140x3
b
Section Diminsions
X H t X
H= 200 mm
B= 140 mm
t= 3 mm

Steel Properties Y

Steel Type 52
Fy = 3.6 t/cm2
Fu = 5.2 t/cm2

Section Properties
2
Ae = 20.04 cm
4
Ix = 1180.1 cm
ix = 7.67 cm
3
Sx = 118.01 cm
4
Iy = 683.47 cm
iy = 5.84 cm
Weight = 15.73 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

N= 0 ton
Mx = 1.1 t.m. Span = 3.87 m
Q= 0.95 ton

Check of Stresses

fC = 0 t/cm2 < FC = t/cm2 Safe


2
fb = 0.932 t/cm < Fb = 2.1 t/cm2 Safe
= 0.086 t/cm
2
< a = 0.73 t/cm2 Safe

Maximum deflection due to LL = 4.25 mm


L/200 = 19 mm
Progress Report No 2

Stair Beam

Section Name 200C75-200

Section Diminsions

H= 200 mm
B= 75 mm
D= 25 mm
t= 2 mm
r= 4 mm

Steel Properties

Steel Type
2
Fy = 3.6 t/cm
2
Fu = 5.2 t/cm

Section Properties

A = 7.66 cm2
4
Ix = 471.64 cm
3
Sx = 47.16 cm
3
Sxe = 47.155 cm
Weight = 6.019 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

Mx = 0.42 t.m. Span = 2.62 m


Q= 0.64 ton

Check of Stresses

fb = 0.89068 t/cm2 < Fb = 2.1 t/cm2 Safe


= 0.16 t/cm2 < a = 0.73 t/cm2 Safe

Maximum deflection due to LL = 10 mm


L/200 = 26 mm
Progress Report No 2

Design Report for a Residential Building


Load Bearing wall panel system
Decking: GRC panels
80 m2- 4 flats/floor

1. Introduction

This report presents the structural analysis and design of a residential building where
the primary vertical loads are carried by wall bearing formed of cold-formed steel C
sections, and the primary lateral loads are resisted by vertical bracing elements. The
considered building consists of 6 floors, and covers an area of 445 m2 (including
voids), each floor is divided into 4 flats each of which is 80 m2. Fig.1 shows the typical
architectural floor plan of the building.

Fig.1 : Architectural typical floor plan

2. Design Criteria
Progress Report No 2

Egyptain Code of Practice for Calculation of Loads and Forces on Structural


Works and Building Works, ECP 201-2011 edition was used for determining
gravity and lateral loads.
Egyption Code of Practice for Steel Construction and Bridges (Allowable Stress
Design), code No. ECP 205-2001, 2011 edition was used for member seizing
Alexform section tables was used for member callout
Allowable strength design (ASD) was used for members and connections
design.
Deflection of floor joists was limited to L/200 due to live load, where L is the joist
span

3. Loads
3.1 DEAD LOADS, DL
Self weight of steel per unit volume = 78.5 KN/m3 (7850 kg/m3)

Weight GRC panels = 0.5 KN/m2 (50 kg/m2)

Weight of 1 cm screed = 0.25 KN/m2 (25 kg/m2).

Partition (GRC panels) weight = 0.5 KN/m2 (50 kg/m2). Partition load was
included to account for partitions that may be moved at various times during the
structures life span.

3.2 LIVE LOAD, LL


On floor areas = 2 KN/m2 (200kg/m2)

On stairs, corridors, kitchens and bathrooms = 3 KN/m2 (300 kg/m2)

3.3 WIND LOAD, WL


Wind loads, P, are calculated from the following equation
P = Ce k q

Ce = Shape factor = 0.8 for inward side, = 0.5 for leeward side
k = Height factor = 1 for height = 0 -10 m
= 1.15 for height = 10-20 m
q = Basic wind pressure = 0.68 KN/m2 corresponds to basic wind speed = 33 m/sec
3.4 SEISMIC LOAD, S
Progress Report No 2

Total base force = Fb = Sd(TI)* * W/g


Sd(TI) = Design response spectrum at fundamental period of vibration TI
= ag *I *S* (2.5/R)* (TC/TI) *
ag = design acceleration = 0.15 g (Zone (3) acc. to Egypt zoning)
S = Soil class factor = 1.5 for soil class C
Tc = constant response spectrum period = 0.25 sec for soil class C
TI = structure period = Ct (H) 3/4 , Ct = 0.085 for steel frames,
= 0.075 for RC frames.
H = building height in meters
W = Total dead load plus 25 % of live loads
= 1 for TI > 2 TC , otherwise = 0.85
R = Response modification factor = 5 for Moment Resisting Frames
.
Important Note: Fb represents the FACTORED load in LRFD and to be divided by 1.4
in ASD.

The calculated base shear factor = 0.037

4. Load Combinations
Load combinations considered are according to that defined in the ECP 201-2011
edition and ECP 205-2001, 2011 edition. They are as follows
DL
DL+LL
DL+WL
DL+LL+WL
DL+S
DL+LL+S
Note: The ECP 205-2001 allows increasing the allowable stresses by 20% when
WL or S is considered in the design
5. Software
The following software was used in the development of the calculations:
SAP2000: Used in developing the 3D model analysis model
Microsoft Excel: Used to develop spreadsheets for design of sections
6. Statical System and structural analysis
The statical system that carries the vertical loads (dead and live loads) consists of
GRC panels supported on series of horizontal beams (joists). The beams transmit their
Progress Report No 2

loads directly to vertical columns (studs). The spacing between the beams and the
columns are nearly the same. So, the vertical loads transmitted from the slab to the
beams, and then to the vertical columns. However, lateral loads are carried by group
of vertical bracing systems arranged in the two principal directions of the building. The
load bearing walls are arranged along axis 1 to 13, while the vertical bracing systems
along X-direction are arranged on axis B, G, and L. Each axe receives 2 bracing
bays. Inaddition, the vertical bracing systems along Y-direction are arranged on axis
2, 7, and 12. Also, each axe has 2 bracing bays.

21.00

2.20 2.50 0.90 2.35 1.35 1.35 0.90

V.B.
1.20

1.20
V.B.

V.B.
V.B.
3.60

3.60
1.20

1.20
2.40

2.40
2.40

2.40
V.B. V.B.
21.60

21.60
1.20

1.20
1.20

1.20

1200mm
2.40

2.40
1.20

1.20
V.B.
3.60

3.60
V.B.
V.B.
1.20

1.20

V.B.
2.20 2.50 0.90 2.35 1.35 1.35 0.90

21.00

Fig. 2 : Structural plan showing the arrangement of the joists, load bearing walls and
the vertical bracing bays.

3D model has been developed using SAP2000 program. The model has been done
considering the following assumptions:
Beams (joists) are hinged connected to the vertical columns.
Progress Report No 2

Places where opening like doors or windows are placed, lintel beam carry the
reaction from the joist to two vertical columns adjacent to the opening.
Vertical bracing members are pinned connected to the vertical columns.
The floor slab moved horizontally in the principle directions as rigid diaphragm.
Note: SAP output is provided in appendix A

7. Member Seizing
The following section describes the design of each element. The spread excel sheets
for the design of sections are given in appendix B.

7.1 JOISTS
Joists are designed as simple beams with variable spans. The maximum span is 5.9 m
(between axes 1 & 4). The spacing between joists 120 cm. The critical case of loading
was DL + LL. Based on this along with the limits that are stated in the design criteria
300SG80-200 section was selected. The compression flange of the joists was
considered to be continuously braced via attachment of GRC panels.

7.2 Beams bridging openings


These beams are designed as simple beams. The critical case of loading was DL +
LL. Based on this along with the limits that are stated in the design criteria 200T85-225
section was selected. The compression flange of the joists was considered to be
continuously braced via attachment of corrugated sheet decking.

7.3 External load bearing walls


The external vertical studs are designed as hinged-hinged columns with clear height of
3m. The maximum gravity loads arise from the combination of DL+LL. Due to the
presence of sheathing the overall out of plane buckling of the wall is prevented. A
horizontal CFS member connecting the studs in the plane of the wall is placed at the
mid height of the wall. In addition to the vertical loads, lateral wind loads are
considered. Based on this along with the limits that are stated in the design criteria
200SG65-170 section was selected.

7.4 Internal load bearing walls


The internal vertical studs are designed as hinged-hinged columns with clear height of
3m. The maximum gravity loads arise from the combination of DL+LL. Due to the
presence of sheathing the overall out of plane buckling of the wall is prevented. A
Progress Report No 2

horizontal CFS member connecting the studs in the plane of the wall is placed at the
mid height of the wall. Based on this along with the limits that are stated in the design
criteria 200SG65-200 section was selected for the ground and first floors while
200SG65-170 was selected for the rest floors.

7.5 Bracing elements


Bracing elements are provided to resist lateral loads such as wind load and seismic
force, and also ensure the stability of the building. Base reactions developed from the
calculated wind load and seismic forces are listed in table 1. These reactions indicate
that the wind load is critical than the seismic forces. Thus the bracing elements are
designed according to the Seismic.
Table 1: Base reactions due to lateral loads
Applied Load Base Reaction (ton)
Wind in X-direction +36.94/- 29.391
Wind in Y-direction + / - 28.391
Seismic in X-direction +/- 12.56
Seismic in Y-direction +/- 12.56

Axial forces in the vertical members range from 18 ton to -23 ton. Also, axial forces in
the diagonal members range from 3.5 ton to -8.87 ton. Based on this along with the
limits that are stated in the design criteria square hollow section 200x200x2 section
was selected.
Horizontal members in the bracing systems arranged in Y-direction carry mainly the
reactions of the joists. Therefore, they are designed as beams with maximum bending
moments of 2.26 t.m, and maximum shear force of 1.88 ton. Based on this along with
the limits that are stated in the design criteria hollow section200x220x2 section was
selected. However, for members in the bracing systems arranged in Y-direction axial
forces are zero, and the maximum bending moments equal to 0.055 t.m. Based on this
along with the limits that are stated in the design criteria 240C75-225 section was
selected.

7.6 Stairs
The statical system of the stairs consists of 4 inclined beams carrying the stairs. These
beams are supported on another 2 transverse beams. One in the floor level while the
other in the mid floor height level. The maximum bending moments and shear forces in
the transverse beams are .42 t.m and 0.64 ton, respectively. The compression flange
Progress Report No 2

of the joists was considered to be continuously braced via attachment of corrugated


sheet decking. Based on this along with the limits that are stated in the design criteria
240C75-225 section was selected.
9. Material Quantities
From the above design the following quantities are calculated
Own weight of steel elements = 41 x 1.1 = 46 ton
Progress Report No 2

Appendix A
SAP output

Fig. 3: Plan of one floor


Horizontal beams (joists) along X-axis, pin connected to the load bearing walls.
Load bearing walls are arranged on axis 1 to 13
Progress Report No 2

Fig. 4: Cross section along axe "D"


Horizontal joists are pin connected to the vertical load bearing walls
Progress Report No 2

Fig. 5: Cross section along axe "G"


Vertical bracing resists lateral loads in the X-direction, and provides lateral stability
Progress Report No 2

Fig. 6: Cross section along axe "7"


Vertical bracing resists lateral loads in the Y-direction, and provides lateral stability
Progress Report No 2

Fig. 7: Bending moment in horizontal joists along axe D


Load combination: DL + LL
Max Deflection = 15mm due to LL
Progress Report No 2

Fig. 8: Shear force in the horizontal joists along axe D


Load combination: DL + LL
Progress Report No 2

Fig. 9: Axial force in bracing elements on axe B , DL+Wxe


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 10: Axial force in bracing elements on axe B , DL+LL+Wxe


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 11: Axial force in bracing elements on axe G , DL+Wxe


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 12: Axial force in bracing elements on axe G , DL+LL+Wxe


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 13: Axial force in bracing elements on axe L , DL+Wxe


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 14: Axial force in bracing elements on axe L , DL+LL+Wxe


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 15: Axial force in bracing elements on axe 2 & 12 , DL+Wye


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 16: Axial force in bracing elements on axe 2 & 12 , DL+LL+Wye


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 17: Axial force in bracing elements on axe 7 , DL+Wye


Progress Report No 2

Fig. 18: Axial force in bracing elements on axe 7 , DL+LL+Wye


Progress Report No 2

Appendix B
Design of Sections
Progress Report No 2

JOIST DESIGN

Section Name 300SG80-200


Y
Section Diminsions
b
H= 300 mm r D
t
B= 80 mm 2t
D= 25 mm 2t

t= 2 mm X H CG X
r= 4 mm
2t
2t
Steel Properties
X
Steel Type bc
2 Y
Fy = 3.6 t/cm
Fu = 5.2 t/cm2

Section Properties

A = 9.934 cm2
4
Ix = 1277.3 cm
3
Sx = 85.153 cm
3
Sxe = 85.153 cm
Weight = 7.798 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

Mx = 1.76 t.m. Span = 5.9 m


Q= 1.2 ton

Check of Stresses

fb = 2.0669 t/cm2 < Fb = 2.1 t/cm2 Safe


= 0.6 t/cm2 < a = 0.73 t/cm2 Safe

Maximum deflection due to LL = 14.1 mm


L/200 = 29.5 mm
Progress Report No 2

External load bearing walls Y

b
Section Name 200SG65-170
r D
t
Section Diminsions 2t
2t

X H CG X
H= 200 mm
B= 65 mm 2t
D= 20 mm 2t

t= 1.7 mm
r= 3.4 mm
X
bc
Y
Steel Properties

Steel Type 52
2
Fy = 3.6 t/cm
2
Fu = 5.2 t/cm

Section Properties
2
Ae = 5.1718 cm
4
Ix = 363.22 cm
ix = 7.718 cm
3
Sx = 36.322 cm
3
Sxe = 36.322 cm
4
Iy = 32.253 cm
iy = 2.2998 cm
Weight = 4.7869 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

N= 6.5 ton
Mx = 0.075 t.m. height = 3 m
Q= 0.1 ton
kx = 1 ky = 0.5
Lx = 300 cm Ly = 150 cm
kx.Lx/ix = 38.87 ky. Ly/iy = 65.24

Check of Stresses
2 2
fC = 1.257 t/cm < FC = 1.525 t/cm Safe
2 2
fb = 0.2065 t/cm < Fb = 2.1 t/cm Safe
= 0.005 t/cm2
2
< a = 0.73 t/cm Safe

Interaction Check

fca f fb cy
+ b c x A1 + A2 = 0.919
Fc Fb c x Fb c y
Progress Report No 2

Internal load bearing walls (floors 0, 1) Y

Section Name 200SG65-200 b


r D
t
Section Diminsions 2t
2t

H= 200 mm X H CG X
B= 65 mm
2t
D= 20 mm 2t
t= 2 mm
r= 4 mm
X
bc
Steel Properties Y

Steel Type 52
2
Fy = 3.6 t/cm
2
Fu = 5.2 t/cm

Section Properties
2
Ae = 6.48 cm
4
Ix = 421.86 cm
ix = 7.69 cm
3
Sx = 42.1 cm
3
Sxe = 42.1 cm
4
Iy = 36.7 cm
iy = 2.26 cm
Weight = 5.597 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

N= 11.2 ton
Mx = 0 t.m. height = 3 m
Q= 0 ton
kx = 1 ky = 0.333
Lx = 300 cm Ly = 100 cm
kx.Lx/ix = 38.87 ky. Ly/iy = 44.24

Check of Stresses
2 2
fC = 1.72 t/cm < FC = 1.83 t/cm Safe
2 2
fb = 0 t/cm < Fb = 2.1 t/cm Safe
=
2 2
0 t/cm < a = 0.73 t/cm Safe

Interaction Check

fca f fb cy
+ b c x A1 + A2 = 0.944
Fc Fb c x Fb c y
Progress Report No 2

Internal load bearing walls (floors : 2,3,4,5,6) Y

Section Name 200SG65-170 b


r D
t
Section Diminsions 2t
2t

H= 200 mm X H CG X
B= 65 mm
2t
D= 20 mm 2t
t= 1.7 mm
r= 3.4 mm
X
bc
Steel Properties Y

Steel Type 52
2
Fy = 3.6 t/cm
2
Fu = 5.2 t/cm

Section Properties
2
Ae = 5.1718 cm
4
Ix = 363.22 cm
ix =7.718 cm
3
Sx = 36.322 cm
3
Sxe = 36.322 cm
4
Iy = 32.253 cm
iy = 2.2998 cm
Weight = 4.7869 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

N= 10 ton
Mx = 0 t.m. height = 3 m
Q= 0 ton
kx = 1 ky = 0.25
Lx = 300 cm Ly = 75 cm
kx.Lx/ix = 38.87 ky. Ly/iy = 32.75

Check of Stresses
2 2
fC = 1.93 t/cm < FC = 1.95 t/cm Safe
2 2
fb = 0 t/cm < Fb = 2.1 t/cm Safe
=
2 2
0 t/cm < a = 0.73 t/cm Safe

Interaction Check

fca f fb cy
+ b c x A1 + A2 = 0.98
Fc Fb c x Fb c y
Progress Report No 2

Vertical and Digonal Bracing elements


Y
Section Name 200x200x2
b
Section Diminsions
X H t X
H= 200 mm
B= 200 mm
t= 2 mm

Steel Properties Y

Steel Type 52
2
Fy = 3.6 t/cm
2
Fu = 5.2 t/cm

Section Properties
2
Ae = 12.9 cm
4
Ix = 1035.1 cm
ix = 8.08 cm
3
Sx = 103.5 cm
4
Iy = 1035.1 cm
iy = 8.08 cm
Weight = 12.43 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

N= 23 ton
Mx = 0 t.m. height = 3 m
Q= 0 ton
kx = 1 ky = 1
Lx = 300 cm Ly = 300 cm
kx.Lx/ix = 37.128 ky. Ly/iy = 37.128

Check of Stresses
2 2
fC = 1.78 t/cm < FC = 1.91 t/cm Safe
2
fb = 0 t/cm < Fb = 2.1 t/cm2 Safe
= t/cm2
2
0 < a = 0.73 t/cm Safe

Interaction Check

fca f fb cy
+ b c x A1 + A2 = 0.933
Fc Fb c x Fb c y
Progress Report No 2

Horizontal bracing member


Y
Section Name 200x220x2
b
Section Diminsions
X H t X
H= 200 mm
B= 220 mm
t= 2 mm

Steel Properties Y

Steel Type 52
Fy = 3.6 t/cm2
2
Fu = 5.2 t/cm

Section Properties
2
Ae = 14.14 cm
4
Ix = 1286.4 cm
ix = 8.79 cm
3
Sx = 116.94 cm
4
Iy = 1113.5 cm
iy = 8.18 cm
Weight = 13.062 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

N= 0 ton
Mx = 2.26 t.m. Span = 3.6 m
Q= 1.88 ton

Check of Stresses
2 2
fC = 0 t/cm < FC = 1.29 t/cm Safe
fb = 1.93 t/cm2 < Fb = 2.1 t/cm2 Safe
=
2 2
0.24 t/cm < a = 0.73 t/cm Safe

Maximum deflection due to LL = 13 mm


L/200 = 18 mm
Progress Report No 2

Stair Beam

Section Name 200C75-200

Section Diminsions

H= 200 mm
B= 75 mm
D= 25 mm
t= 2 mm
r= 4 mm

Steel Properties

Steel Type
2
Fy = 3.6 t/cm
2
Fu = 5.2 t/cm

Section Properties

A = 7.66 cm2
4
Ix = 471.64 cm
3
Sx = 47.16 cm
3
Sxe = 47.155 cm
Weight = 6.019 kg/m

Applied Straining Actions

Mx = 0.42 t.m. Span = 2.62 m


Q= 0.64 ton

Check of Stresses

fb = 0.89068 t/cm2 < Fb = 2.1 t/cm2 Safe


= 0.16 t/cm2 < a = 0.73 t/cm2 Safe

Maximum deflection due to LL = 10 mm


L/200 = 26 mm

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