Comparison of Different Guidelines

COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT GUIDELINES
FOR
ACCESSIBILITY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT IN INDIA
A Brief Analysis and Recommendations
By
Diversity and Equal Opportunity Centre (DEOC)
For
National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People (NCPEDP)
Supported by
Mphasis Limited
May 2016
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4
1.2 TERMINOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5
2 ANTHROPOMETRICS.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 MANUAL WHEELCHAIR.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6
2.2 ELECTRIC WHEELCHAIR .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7
2.3 REACH ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
2.4 TURNING SPACE ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
2.5 VISION ZONE ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
2.6 PROTRUDING OBJECTS/SOLITARY OBSTACLES (WITH RESPECT TO WHITE CANE) ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11
2.7 TACTILE WALKING SURFACE INDICATORS (TWSIS) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
3 WALKS AND PATHS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
4 PARKING.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
5 RAMPS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 28
6 KERB RAMPS ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
7 HANDRAILS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 38
8 STAIRCASE .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
9 DOORS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 53
10 ELEVATORS AND LIFTS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 64
11 VERTICAL AND INCLINED LIFTING PLATFORMS .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 80
12 UNISEX ACCESSIBLE TOILETS ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 83
13 WASHBASIN ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 97
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14 TAPS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 100
15 URINALS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 102
16 WC COMPARTMENTS FOR AMBULANT DISABLED PEOPLE............................................................................................................................................................................ 104
17 BATHROOMS AND SHOWERS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 105
18 EMERGENCY EVACUATION NEEDS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 111
19 SIGNAGE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 121
20 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 134
3
1 Introduction
There are three documents detailing the norms for the accessibility of built environments (as on March 2016) in India. They
are:
1. Handbook on Barrier Free and Accessibility, Central Public Works Department (CPWD), 2014 (referred to as CPWD in
this document).
2. Harmonised Guidelines and Space Standards for Barrier Free Built Environment for Persons with Disability and Elderly
Persons, Ministry of Urban Development, 2015 (referred to as HG in this document).
3. Annexure B, Anthropometrics and Specific Requirements for Barrier Free Buildings and Built Environment, Part 3
Development Control Rules and General Building Requirements, Draft National Building Code of India, Bureau of
Indian Standard (BIS), 2015 (referred to as NBC in this document).
There is also an international Standard: ISO 21542:2011, Building construction - Accessibility and Usability of the Built
Environment, International Organization for Standardization (referred to as ISO in this document).
It was felt that an exercise should be undertaken to compare the Guidelines and to highlight the differences so that they
could be ironed out and so that there is only one Standard for India with regard to the accessibility of built environments.
Keeping the above in view, NCPEDP, an advocacy organisation working for the rights of persons with disabilities,
commissioned this work to DEOC (www.deoc.in), a social enterprise, specialising in the field of policy research and training.
This comparative analysis is intended to aid government/policy makers/experts when finalising the Standards for India.
1.1 Methodology
DEOC studied the various sections of the three Indian Guidelines. There were inconsistencies with regard to the areas
covered in each of the Guidelines. For example, the Harmonised Guidelines have included bus stops, railway stations, taxi
and auto rickshaw stands, airports, adapted housing, etc. while the other two Guidelines, CPWD and NBC, have not covered
them. It was also seen that certain areas like auditoriums, sports arenas, swimming pools, management and maintenance
4
issues, etc. have not been included in any of the Guidelines. So it was decided that the areas which are covered in at least
two out of the three Indian Guidelines should be included in the study, so that comparison is possible.
The Guidelines, including the ISO Standards, were systematically compiled in a table format in order to enable easy
comparison. A brief analysis was also undertaken to highlight the differences. At many places, the text had to be edited to
make it more readable, but this was not possible at all places. Observations and recommendations have been listed under
each section.
1.2 Terminology
As can be seen from the titles of the three documents, different terms are being used to refer to the set of accessibility
requirements. The CPWD refers to it as a Handbook while the Ministry of Urban Development refers to it as Guidelines;
for the BIS, it is a Building Code, and for the ISO, it is a Standard. Unfortunately these terms have different meanings.
For example Guidelines are not considered mandatory but Standards are considered mandatory. However please note that,
in this document, the terms Guidelines and Standards are interchangeably used.
5
2 Anthropometrics
2.1 Manual Wheelchair
Dimensions CPWD HG NBC

645 mm- 1100 1000-1200 mm
Length mm 100 mm - 1200 mm
510 mm - 725 650 720 mm
Width mm 650 - 720 mm
850 mm - 1140 910 - 950 mm 910 - 950 mm
Height mm
Wheelchair footrest - 350 mm (deep) 350 mm (deep)
Wheelchair castor width - 12 mm 12 mm
Seat height - 480 mm 480 mm
Armrest height - 760 mm 760 mm
Lap height - 675 mm 675 mm
When the wheelchair is width : 300 mm height of armrest : width : 300 mm height of armrest :
folded - 760 mm 760 mm
Weight 10.27 kg - -
6
Observations and Recommendations
1. HG and NBC dimensions of manual wheelchair are the same. They are more comprehensive than the CPWD
Guidelines. The source from where the information has been taken has not been given. It is recommended that CPWD
should take the dimensions given in HG and NBC, which seem more realistic. It would be useful if HG and NBC
mention the source of information i.e. from where the anthropometrics of manual wheelchair have been taken.
2. There is a typographical error in NBC regarding the length of the wheelchair. Instead of 1000 mm it is mentioned as
100 mm as can be seen in the Table above. It should be corrected.
3. The ISO 21542:2011 does not have the dimensions of the wheelchair. It is based on ISO 7176-5 and ISO/TR 13570-
21 which details the dimensions and maneuvering space of wheelchairs.
2.2 Electric Wheelchair
Dimensions CPWD
Length 1060 - 1200 mm
Width 520 - 700 mm
Height 1010 - 1400 mm
Weight 36.100 kg
1. Only CPWD Guidelines have given the dimensions of electric wheelchair. The source from where the information has
been taken has not been given. It is recommended that HG and NBC add the information.
7
2.3 Reach
Reach CPWD HG NBC ISO

Forward reach of a wheelchair user (without obstruction)
Maximum reach from 1200 mm 1200 mm 1200 mm 1100 mm

the Floor (upper)
the floor (Lower)
Forward reach (with obstruction)
Maximum reach from 1100 mm 1000 mm 1000 mm -

the floor (upper)
Depth 500 mm 500 mm - -
Side reach (without obstruction)
Maximum reach from 1300 mm 1300 mm 1300 mm -

the floor (upper)
the floor (Lower)
Side reach (with The maximum side reach The maximum 860 mm high x 500 The maximum side -
obstruction) over an obstruction 860 mm deep is 1200 mm. Side reach reach over an
mm high by 500 mm over obstruction (upper) 1200 mm obstruction of size
deep is 1200 mm from from floor level. Max. Side reach over 860 mm high x 500
the floor obstruction (lower) 500 mm mm deep is 1200 mm
from the floor
8
Reach CPWD HG NBC ISO
Comfortable and - Comfortable : 900 mm - 1200 mm; Comfortable : 900 -
maximum reach zone Maximum 1200 mm - 1400 mm. mm - 1200 mm.
(when seated on a ; Maximum 1200
wheelchair) mm - 1400 mm.
1. Maximum Forward Reach from the Floor (upper) without obstruction: The ISO Standard is 1100 mm while Indian
Standards are saying 1200 mm. Indian Standards should adopt the ISO Standard of 1100 mm, which seems more
suitable for larger population.
2. Maximum Forward Reach from the Floor (lower) without obstruction: The HG Standard is different (380 mm) from the
rest (400 mm). HG should change it to 400 mm as per the ISO.
3. Maximum Reach from the Floor (upper) with obstruction: The CPWD Standard is different (1100 mm) from the rest
(1000 mm). CPWD should change it to 1000 mm. NBC has not given the depth of the obstruction, which should be
added as given in other Standards.
4. Maximum side reach with obstruction (lower): HG says 500 mm. It is not there in other Standards. It should be added
in CPWD and NBC.
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2.4 Turning Space
Wheelchair CPWD HG NBC ISO

Manual Minimum: 1500 Minimum: Minimum: 1500 mm Dimensions are given for different situations,
wheelchair mm 1500 mm. Comfortable: 1800 mm like landings, in front of the door, etc. for 45
1/4 Turn : Ideal: 2000 Ideal: 2000 mm degrees, 180 degrees etc. Value ranges from
1500 mm X mm 1500 to 2000 mm.
1500 mm
1/2 Turn: 1500
mm X 1700
mm
Powered 1800 mm - -
wheelchairs/
scooters

1. The dimensions given are more or less similar in all the Guidelines. The minimum is based on the dimensions of
manual wheelchairs in HG and NBC.
2. The turning space requirement varies depending on the degree of the turning required 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 180
degrees etc. This should be clearly explained in the HG and NBC Guidelines and should comply with the ISO
Standards.
3. The terminology used by CPWD should change to degree rather the turn etc. It should also be made more
comprehensive based on the ISO Standards.
10
2.5 Vision Zone
Dimensions CPWD HG NBC ISO

Placement height of information panels - Between 900 Between 900 mm Between 1200 mm
along pathways and maps mm and 1800 mm and 1800 mm and 1600 mm
Size of the smallest letter 15 mm 15 mm -
1. Standards given in HG and NBC are the same. CPWD has not included any specification on vision zone.
2. As per ISO, information, including directional and functional signs should be placed below 1600 mm, where it is easy
to approach, to touch and read the sign. The upper limit given in HG and NBC should be lowered to 1600 mm as per
the ISO Standard, as it would suit larger population.
2.6 Protruding Objects/Solitary Obstacles (with respect to white cane)

Hazard Between Between 300 mm and Between 300 mm and Between 300 mm and 2100
zone 680 mm 2200 mm (projecting 2100 mm (projecting mm (projecting more than 100
and 2000 beyond 100 mm) beyond 100 mm) mm)
mm (proje
cting Headroom not mentioned Headroom minimum Headroom minimum 2100
beyond 90 in text but the diagram 2100 mm mm
mm) says 2200 mm.
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Hazard Hazard protection should Hazard protection shall be When a projecting obstacle exists,
protection be provided if objects provided if objects project a protective guard shall be
project more than 100 more than 100 mm into provided at ground level, under
mm into an access route an access route and their the projecting object such as a
and their lower edge is lower edge is more than kerb or fixed element at a height
more than 300 mm above 300 mm above the of 100 mm 300 mm as cane
the ground. Hazard ground. Hazard detection. Cane detection shall not
protection associated with protection associated with be set back more than 100 mm
such objects should take such objects shall take from the face of the projecting
the form of a kerb or the form of a kerb or object. Wing walls, side partitions,
other solid barrier so that other solid barrier so that alcoves or recesses are solutions
person with visual a blind or partially sighted for projecting elements where free
impairment can detect the person can detect the space under the object is needed.
hazard using a cane. The hazard using a cane. The Winged protection shall extend
hazard protection should hazard protection shall continuously between 300 mm
not extend beyond the not extend beyond the and 1 000 mm above the floor and
front edge of the object, front edge of the object, shall contrast visually with the
nor should it be set back nor shall it be set back background.
more than 100 mm from more than 100 mm from
its front edge. its front edge. In case the
hazard is at 600 mm
above the ground, the
same will not be in the
range of detection of the
mobility aid/white cane
and should therefore be
extended to the ground
12
level.

1. The hazard zone is different in HG, NBC and CPWD, while its the same in NBC and ISO. It is recommended that all
Indian Standards follow the guidelines as recommended in NBC.
2. The minimum headroom is specified in NBC and ISO. This needs to be incorporated in CPWD and HG.
3. Hazard protection is not described in CPWD. It is recommended that all Indian Standards be aligned to NBC and NBC
should include the description on winged protection in this section as in ISO.
2.7 Tactile Walking Surface Indicators (TWSIs)

Types of Directional Tile/Block: Tactile Guiding Tactile Guiding Blocks Tiles of Attention indicators and guiding
Tiles Parallel raised bars for Blocks (Line- size 300 mm x 300 mm that indicators. Tactile attention
guiding the users type): incorporate flat topped bars 5 mm indicators may be installed at the
along an intended This block (0.5mm) high, 20 mm wide and vicinity of pedestrian crosswalks,
safe path. indicates a correct spaced 50 mm from the centre of the platforms of railway stations,
Hazard Warning path/route to one bar to the centre of the next. and both the top and bottom of
Tile/Block: Raised big follow for a person They are used externally to guide stairs and ramps, and in front of
dots (35mm in with visual people with visual impairments escalators, travelators and
diameter) arranged in impairment along the circulation path. elevators, and the like to ensure
square grid parallel to Tactile Warning Tactile Warning Blocks Tiles of safety.
the sides of the slab Blocks (Dot-type): size 300 mm x 300 mm that Tactile guiding indicators may be
13
for indication of This block incorporate rows of 5 mm used in combination with
potential hazards indicates an (0.5mm) high flat topped blister attention indicators in order to
ahead. approaching like domes that are easily indicate the walking route where
Positional Tile/Block: potential hazard detectable underfoot by persons no other tactual information is
Raised small dots (23 or a change in with visual impairments, available to get from one place
mm in diameter) direction of the recognized as a sign of to another. Annexure A is very
placed in staggered Walkway. approaching hazards. detailed and includes dimensions
positions for of domes and bars, visual
indication of possible Figure 5-1 has Figure 30 gives the diameters etc contrast, spacings etc. etc.
change in walking dimensions for of the warning blocks.
directions. warning blocks
and figure 5-3 has
dimensions for
guiding blocks.
1. CPWD mentions three types of tiles whereas HG, NBC and ISO mention two types. CPWD should make it to two
types based on ISO.
2. Some specifications like dimensions of bars and cones are only given in the figure and not in text in HG and
NBC. All information should also be in text.
3. Terminology to refer the tactile blocks is different in different Guidelines. The term Tactile Walking Surface
Indicators (TWSIs) is used in ISO whereas the term, Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSI) is used in NBC
and HG. CPWD uses terms tactile tile or blocks. There should be one terminology that should be used. ISO
terminology can be adopted. The Annexure A, Tactile walking surface indicators (TWSIs) of ISO is detailed and
could be adopted by the Indian Standards.
14
3 Walks and Paths

Minimum clear For one way For two way traffic: 1800 For two way traffic: 1800 mm. For constant two way
width traffic: 1200 mm. Exceptional cases (such as traffic: 1800 mm
mm Exceptional cases (such as around trees/poles etc): 1500 For frequent two-way traffic,
For two way around trees/poles etc.): mm. 1500 mm, provided that
traffic : 1650 1500 mm. passing places are included at
mm -1800 intervals of maximum 25 m;
mm Infrequent two-way traffic :
1200 mm, a passing and
turning space of at least 1800
mm x 2000 mm should be
provided for every 25 m;
When it is unlikely that
people will have to pass one
another: 900 mm, a turning
space of at least 1800 mm x
2000 mm should be provided
for every 25 m.
Free from Free from Avoid gratings and manholes Gratings and manholes shall Obstacles, such as objects or
barriers protrusion in walks. be avoided in walks. signs mounted on walls,
hazards, Obstacles, such as objects or bollards, columns or free-
steps, kerbs signs mounted on walls, standing supports along the
other than bollards, columns or walking path should be
dropped freestanding avoided.
kerbs, supports along the walking
steep ramps, path shall be avoided.
doors or
15
doorways
which will
impede the
passage of a
wheelchair.
Solitary Obstacles such as lighting Obstacles, such as objects orObjects with a height lower
obstacles columns, bollards, signposts, signs mounted on walls, than 1 000 mm can create a
projecting into seats and trees, should be bollards, columns or hazard for blind or partially
an access located at or beyond the freestanding supports along sighted people. Permanent
route boundaries of walkways. the walking path shall be equipment that cannot be
Where unavoidable, avoided. Unavoidable free located outside the
protruding objects should not standing posts or columns boundaries of a path shall be:
reduce the clear width of an within access routes on a)designed to be easily seen
accessible route or pathways shall be clearly with a minimum difference in
maneuvering space. marked with visual indicators.
LRVs of 30 points to the
background, and
Bollards should be avoided Bollards shall be avoided, but b) shielded to protect against
but where necessary be at where necessary shall be at impact, and
least 1000 mm high, provide least 1 000 mm high and shall c)accompanied by a feature
a wheelchair passage width provide a wheelchair passage that warns of the presence of
of at least 900 mm (Figure 5- width of at least 900 mm, and a potential hazard and is
5), and should not be linked should not be linked with detectable for a person using
with chains. chains. a white cane or stick.
Visual A band of 200 mm, between Visual indicators at least 75 Visual indicators at least 75
indicators for heights of 1400 mm and mm in height with a mm in height with a minimum
unavoidable 1600 mm from the walkway minimum visual contrast of 30 visual contrast of 30 points
free standing floor finish, and which points difference to the difference to the background
16
posts/ contrasts visually with the background shall be placed at shall be placed at a height
columns remainder of the post or a height between 900 mm - between 900 mm 1000 mm
column. 1000 mm and 1500 mm - and 1500 mm 1600 mm
1600 mm above floor level. above floor level.
Surface Firm and non- Smooth, hard and have Smooth, hard and have Firm with an even and slip-
slippery. levelled surface suitable for levelled surface suitable for resistant surface and should
walking and wheeling. walking and wheeling. be free from drainage
Irregular surfaces as cobble Irregular surfaces as cobble gratings. Care shall be taken
stones, coarsely exposed stones, coarsely exposed to ensure that adjacent
aggregate concrete, bricks aggregate concrete, bricks etc, surface materials do not
etc. often cause bumpy rides often cause bumpy rides and display different slip
and should be avoided. shall be avoided. resistance characteristics,
particularly at the edges of
changes of level or gradients.
Gradient The walkway should not have The walkway shall not have a The cross fall gradient across
a gradient exceeding 1:20. It gradient exceeding 1:20. It an access route should not
also refers to cross slope. also refers to cross slope. If exceed 1:50 (20 mm/m),
the slope or any part of a path except when associated with
on an accessible route to a a dropped kerb. If the slope
building exceeds 1:20, it shall or any part of a path on an
be designed and constructed accessible route to a building
as a ramp. The cross fall exceeds 1:20, it shall be
gradient across an access designed and constructed as
route shall not exceed 1:50 a ramp.
(20 mm/m), except when
associated with a dropped
17
kerb.
Rest area When walks exceed 60 meter When walks exceed 60 m in
in length it is desirable to length, it is desirable to
provide rest area adjacent to provide rest area adjacent to
the walk at convenient the walk at convenient
intervals of 30 meter form of intervals of 30 meter in the
bench/ resting seats. form of benches/resting seats.
For comfort, seat height For comfort, seat height shall
should be between 450 mm- be between 450 mm -500
500 mm, have a backrest mm, and the seating shall
and hand rests at 700 mm have a back rest and hand
height. rests at 700 mm height.
Levels, Vertical level changes up to 6 Vertical level changes up to 6
grooves and mm: May not need edge mm: May not need edge
gratings treatment. Between 6 mm treatment. Between 6 mm and
and 12 mm should be leveled 12 mm should be leveled off
off with a slope no greater with a slope no greater than
than 1:2. 1:2.
Grating cover: Narrow slots Grating cover: Narrow slots
not more than 10mm wide, not more than 10mm wide,
perpendicular to the direction perpendicular to the direction
of movement. of movement.
Grating should be flushed Grating should be flushed with
with finished ground level. finished ground level. Treat
Treat the grating with a non- the grating with a non-slip
slip finish. finish.
Drainage of A dished channel should not A dished channel should not
path/access be constructed within the be constructed within the
18
routes boundaries of a path or ramp. boundaries of a path or ramp.
Dished channels shall have a Dished channels shall have a
maximum width of 150 mm maximum width of 150 mm
and a maximum drop into and a maximum drop into
gulley of 5 mm. A drainage gulley of 5 mm. A drainage
grating that is within the grating that is within the
boundaries of a path or a boundaries of a path or a
ramp shall be set flush with ramp shall be set flush with
the surface. the surface.
Lighting for Lighting should illuminate the Lighting for walkways shall be The routes to and around a
walkways walkway; lighting fixtures not as given below: Lighting building shall have sufficient
exceeding a height of 4m should illuminate the walkway; artificial lighting to facilitate
from ground level should be lighting fixtures not exceeding awareness of changes of level
provided. Lighting must be a height of 4 m from ground or gradient. The positioning of
provided every 20 30m, level should be provided. lights should not cause glare,
focusing light not on the car Lighting shall be provided reflection or shadows. Ramps,
lanes, but on the walkways. every 20 m to 30m, focusing entrances, steps, signage,
A whiter light source, for light not on the car lanes, but etc., should be well lit
example high-pressure on the walkways. A whiter artificially, with an
sodium, is preferable in city light source, for example high- illuminance of at least 100
and town centers for the pressure sodium, is preferable lux.
aesthetic effect and for better in city and town centres for
colour definition, which the aesthetic effect and for
benefits those with poor better colour definition, which
sight. White lighting at benefits those with poor sight.
average 35-40 lux is White lighting at average 35 to
recommended to ensure 40 lux is recommended to
colour contrast of tactile ensure colour contrast of
19
pavers and visible at night to tactile blocks and to ensure
persons with low vision. visibility at night to persons
Under no circumstances the with low vision. Under no
lighting pole should interfere circumstances shall the
with the clearance of the lighting pole interfere with the
walkway. Light pole may clearance of the walkway.
preferably be located within Light pole may preferably be
the tree-planting zone. Lower located within the tree-
level light poles are preferred planting zone. Lower level
to avoid shadow where there light poles are preferred to
are high trees. avoid shadow where there are
high trees.
Tactile Page No.1, 2 Figure 5-2 gives Tactile pavers/TGSI shall be Tactile walking surface
pathways and 3 have configuration and layout of installed at following places: indicators should be used to
diagrams tactile pavers: guiding and In open space to orient indicate directional
which are not warning persons with vision orientation information where
very clear. impairment; In front of an no other clues indicate the
area where traffic is present; path of travel. Across large
In front of an entrance/exit to areas, halls and complex
and from a ramp, staircase or buildings, blind people need a
multi-level crossing facility; tactile route or guiding
Entrances/exits at public pattern to follow (see Annex
transport terminals or A).
boarding areas; Sidewalk
section of an approach road to
a building; From a public
facility to the nearest public
transport station; In rural
20
areas, stones of different sizes
can be used to separate the
road from the kerb, and to
indicate the approach to public
places.
Fig. 31 gives Installation of
TGSI.
1. Width of the paths: ISO is more comprehensive than other Standards as it provides minimum width for one
way, two way traffic and for frequent and infrequent traffic. It also provides for turning spaces for paths lesser
than 1500 mm in width. CPWD, HG and NBC should make this section comprehensive as per ISO.
2. Surface, Rest Area, Gradient, grooves, gratings: The Standards given in NBC and HG are more detailed
compared to CPWD. NBC is more comprehensive as it includes points in ISO regarding Drainage of Paths in
Access Route. CPWD and HG should make the changes as per NBC.
3. Visual indicators for unavoidable free standing posts/ columns: Standards given in HG are different from NBC
and ISO. HG should be updated as per NBC and ISO. CPWD should include this point.
4. The CPWD, HG and NBC have given the specifications for the installation of TWSI/TGSI in the pathway as a
graphic. It should be described in the text as well.
5. Overall, this section in NBC is well drafted. NBC should include turning spaces in the minimum width of pathway
as given in ISO along with diagrams and should detail the laying of TWSI/TGSI in the text.
21
4 Parking

Ratio of Total No. Car Parking Two accessible parking lot Minimum of one accessible Minimum of one accessible
accessible Space in Lot and should be provided for designated parking space designated parking space
parking spaces Required No. of every 25 car parking shall be provided in shall be provided in
Accessible Car parking spaces. every parking area; every parking area;
Spaces: Less than 10 parking spaces Less than 10 parking
1- 50: 1 accessible : 1 accessible car park spaces : 1 accessible car
car park; up to 50: 2 accessible car park;
51- 150: 2 accessible parks; up to 50: 2 accessible car
car parks; Up to 100: 4 accessible car parks;
151 - 250: 3 parks; Up to 100: 4 accessible car
accessible car parks; Up to 200: 6 accessible car parks;
251 - 350: 4 parks; Up to 200: 6 accessible car
accessible car parks; Over 200: 6 accessible car parks;
351 - 450: 5 parks and one for each Over 200: 6 accessible car
accessible car parks; additional 100 parking parks and one for each
Above 450: 6 spaces shall be additional 100 parking
accessible car parks. provided. spaces shall be
In specialized facilities such provided.
as health care facilities, In specialized facilities
shopping areas and such as health care
recreational facilities, shopping areas
facilities, a greater number and recreational
of designated accessible facilities, a greater number
parking spaces should be of designated accessible
considered. parking spaces should be
considered.
22
Additionally, some
designated accessible
parking spaces should be
provided for motorists
accompanied by a child in
a perambulator or
pushchair and shall be
designated with a
perambulator sign.
Location not mentioned Within 30 meters Within 30 meters Within 50 meters
(Maximum
distance to
parking from
entrance /lift
lobby)
Minimum Length x Width: 5000 5000 mm 3600 mm 4800 mm 3600 mm Width x Length 3900 mm
dimensions of x 3600 mm x 5400 mm.
car parking Where there are two Where there are two
space The common accessible parking bays accessible parking bays The minimum width
loading/unloading adjoining each other, then adjoining each other, then includes the transfer area
area shall have at the 1200mm side transfer the 1200 mm side transfer beside the car with a
least 1200 mm wide bay may be shared by the bay may be shared by the minimum of 1500 mm.
and be marked with two parking bays. The two parking bays. The Two accessible parking
yellow hatched transfer zones, both on the transfer zones, both on the spaces with one shared
markings. side and the rear should side and the rear should transfer area are widely
have yellow or white have yellow or white cross- used and shall have a
cross-hatch road markings. hatch road markings minimum width of 6300
23
The accessible route of The designated accessible mm.
1200 mm width is required parking spaces shall be
for wheelchair users to located on a gradient not
pass behind vehicle that greater than 1:50,
may be backing out. throughout its length and its
width.
The accessible route of 1200
mm width is required for
wheelchair users to pass
behind vehicle that may be
backing out.
Minimum For road side parking of an 4800 mm wide and 9000
dimensions for accessible van: mm long.
van parking 9000 mm x 2400 mm with a As an alternative, a
space kerb to access the nearest parking space of 2400 mm
sidewalk. wide 9000 mm in length
along a sidewalk can be
used, provided the
sidewalk is at least 2400
mm wide.
Surface Have a firm, level surface Have a firm, level surface Firm and level ground with
without aeration slabs; and without aeration slabs; and no variation of surface
Wherever possible, be Wherever possible, be exceeding 5 mm, between
sheltered. sheltered. paving, surface features
and mix of different
surfaces or finishes. The
designated accessible
24
parking spaces shall be
located on a gradient not
greater, throughout its
length and its width, than
1:50.
Head At least 2400 mm. At least 2600 mm. Minimum 2400 mm.
clearance for National building
parking regulations can have other
dimensions reflecting the
height of local
transportation vehicles.
Signage Indication / directional International symbol of International symbol of It is important that the
signage along accessibility should be accessibility should be locations of the designated
driveway showing the displayed at displayed at parking spaces are clearly
way leading to the approaches and entrances approaches and entrances to signposted at the entrance
parking spaces to car parks to indicate the car parks to indicate the to the building site or car
reserved for persons provision of accessible provision of accessible park with information
with a disability parking lot. parking lot. providing direction to
should be provided. Directional signs shall be Directional signs shall be designated parking spaces
displayed at points where displayed at points where and to other accessible
there is a change of there is a change of facilities. Therefore,
direction and along the direction and along the route directional arrows
route leading to the leading to the accessible combined with the
accessible parking lot. parking lot. international symbol of
Accessible parking lot Accessible parking lot should access shall be used.
should be identifiable by be identifiable by the Designated accessible
the International Symbol of International Symbol of parking spaces shall be
25
Accessibility. The signs Accessibility. The signs marked both on the
should not be obscured by should not be pavement with the
a vehicle parked in the obscured by a vehicle international symbol of
designated lot. parked in the designated lot. access and with a vertical
Vertical signs shall be Vertical signs shall be sign with the international
provided, to make it easily provided, to make it easily symbol for accessible
visible, the sign should be visible, the sign should be at parking space to indicate
at a minimum height of a minimum height of 2100 the location of the
2100 mm. mm. designated accessible
parking.
The vertical sign should be
located so that it does not
create a hazard.
1. Ratio of accessible parking spaces: The ratio given in CPWD and HG is insufficient and should be made compliant with
ISO. This section in NBC has been taken from ISO, which is comprehensive. However, there is an additional point in
ISO which is, Additionally, some designated accessible parking spaces should be provided for motorists accompanied
by a child in a perambulator or pushchair and shall be designated with a perambulator sign. This could also be added
in the NBC.
2. Location of parking: NBC and HG mention that accessible parking that serves a building should be located nearest to
an accessible entrance and/or lift lobby within 30 m whereas ISO mentions 50 m. Standard given in HG and NBC seem
better. CPWD should add the information.
26
3. Dimensions of car parking space: CPWD has not mentioned the rear space requirement, which should be added. ISO is
talking of side transfer of 1500 mm whereas NBC, CPWD and HG only provides for 1200 mm transfer space. Indian
Standards could adopt the ISO with regard to the transfer space requirement.
4. Van parking: CPWD and HG have missed out on requirements for van parking. NBC mentions it but it has missed out
the transfer space or sidewalk of 2400 mm wide, though it is there in the figure. It should be added in text of NBC.
5. Head Clearance: HG and ISO mention 2400 mm for head clearance space whereas NBC states 2600 mm. HG should
be revised it to 2600 mm as given in NBC. CPWD should include this point.
6. Many specifications, signage heights, van parking, maximum distance of parking from entrance, head clearance etc.
are not given in the CPWD Guidelines, which should be added.
27
5 Ramps

Minimum width 1800 mm. 1200 mm. 1200 mm. 1200 mm.
Level difference/ rise Level difference/rise and the (The unobstructed width of a
and the width of Ramp: width of Ramp ramp shall be not less than
For 150 - 300 mm: 1200 For 150 - 300 mm: 1200 mm; 1000 mm between the
mm; 300 - 750 mm: 1500 mm; handrails or any
300 - 750 mm : 1500 750 - 3000 mm: 1800 mm; obstructions.)
mm; 750 - 3000mm : More than or equal to 3000 Exceptional considerations in
1800 mm; More than or mm: 1800 mm. adaptation of urban areas or
equal to 3000mm: 1800 at the entrance of existing
mm. buildings: The unobstructed
width of a ramp shall be not
less than 900 mm.
Maximum gradient 1:12 Level difference and Level difference and Level difference and
Slope with corresponding Gradient: corresponding Gradient: corresponding Gradient
the ratio of For 150 - 300 mm - For 150 - 300 mm - 1:12; For 210mm: 1:12;
1:20 (5%) 1:12; 300 - 750 mm - 1:12; 235 mm : 1:13;
to 1:15 300 - 750 mm - 1:12; 750 - 3000 mm - 1:15; 280mm: 1:14;
(6.7%) 750 - 3000 mm - 1:15; More than or equal to 3000: 315 mm: 1:15;
is preferred. More than or equal to 1:20. 350mm: 1:16;
3000: 1:20. 385 mm: 1:17;
420 mm: 1:18;
460 mm: 1:19;
500 mm: 1:20;
no limit: less than 1:20.
A ramp with a gradient higher
28
than 1:12 is difficult to use
and can create a risk of an
accident; it is therefore not
suitable for independent use.
Exceptional considerations in
adaptation of urban areas or
at the entrance of existing
buildings - For 35 mm: 1:8;
375 mm: 1:8; 750 mm: 1:9;
1000 mm: 1:10; 1150 mm:
1:11; 1250 mm: 1:12.
Landing space A clear Ramps should have a Ramps shall have a level An end landing shall be
space of not level landing at the top landing at the top and bottom provided at the foot and the
less than and bottom of each run of each run and also head of a sloped path, a
ramps width and also where the run where the run changes stepped path, or a ramp. The
shall be changes direction. direction area of an end landing may
provided at Landings should:- Landings shall be provided at be a part of the continuing
the head - Be provided at regular regular intervals of not more path.
and foot of intervals of not more than 9 000 mm of The length of an end landing
every than 9000 mm of every every horizontal run. and an intermediate landing
ramp, i.e. horizontal run It shall have a level platform shall be not less than 1500
door swing - Have a level platform of not less than 1500 mm mm.
and alike of not less than 1500 300 - 750 mm landing every The length of an intermediate
shall not be mm; 5 m of ramp run; landing at any change in
allowed to - 300 - 750 mm landing 750 - 3000 mm landing after direction of more than 10
swing onto every 5m of ramp run; every 9 m of ramp run; shall be at least 1500 mm
the landing. 750 - 3000 mm landing More than or equal to 3000 measured on the centre line.
after every 9 m of ramp mm, landing after every 9 m Exceptional considerations for
29
run; of ramp run. existing buildings: The clear
More than or equal to space at the beginning and at
3000 mm, landing after the end of the ramp shall be
every 9 m of ramp run. at least 1200 mm at surface
level. Intermediate landings
shall also be at least 1200
mm.
Resting space outside A level A clear, firm and level Ramps should not ideally The area of a landing shall be
the swing of door resting landing of at least connect straight to doors as clear of any obstruction
space 1800mm x 1800mm wheelchair users need a including the path of swing of
outside the should be provided on leveled platform at the end of a door or gate.
swing of either side of the the ramp to maneuver and
any door at entrance door. negotiate opening the door.
the top of a
ramp should
be
provided to
avoid the
possibility of
roll-back
for
wheelchair
user when
trying to
open the
door.
Alternate to ramp Where the horizontal run Where the horizontal run of In addition to a ramp, a flight
30
of the approach ramp the approach ramp exceeds of steps should be provided if
exceeds 9000 mm 9000 mm length, an the change in level is more
length, an alternative alternative stepped approach, than 300 mm.
stepped approach, in in addition to the ramp
addition to the ramp approach, shall be provided
approach, should be for people with ambulatory
provided for people with disabilities.
ambulatory disabilities.
Tactile warning Single row of tactile Single row of tactile warning Where required on a
warning blocks should be blocks shall be placed at continuous accessible path of
placed at beginning and beginning and end of each travel, tactile warning
end of each ramp at also ramp and also at the indicators should be located
at the beginning and end beginning and end of each at both the top and bottom of
of each run. run. ramps across the whole
width of the stair (ramp). See
further details in the below
row.
Placement/ Tactile warning blocks shall be The tactile attention pattern
measurement of placed 300-400 mm before should have a depth of
tactile warning the beginning between 600 mm and 900
and end of each ramp/stair mm ending 300 mm to 500
run. mm before the front edge of
the first down going step.
31
surface Should be slip resistant. -Non-glary, smooth, level, Rigid with a plain and slip-
Outdoor ramps and their even and slip resistant surface, in both wet
surface should be resistant even when wet; and dry conditions.
designed to prevent -Outdoor ramps and their
water from accumulating surface shall be designed to
on the walking surfaces. prevent water from
accumulating on the walking
surfaces; and
-The surface finish shall be
hard and suitable for the
volume of traffic that the
ramp is likely to experience.
Edge Ramps and landings not Providing protection at the
protection/guarding adjacent to a wall should have side of the path protects
along ramps an edge protection in form of people who use wheelchairs
a 75 mm kerb. and ambulant people from
Providing protection at the injuring themselves as the
side of the path protects result of a fall.
people who use wheelchairs If a level or sloped path is
and ambulant people from bounded on one or both sides
injuring themselves as the by terrain that slopes
result of a fall. downwards by up to 30 from
If a level or sloped path is the horizontal, a firm and
bounded on one or both sides level margin of at least 600
by terrain that slopes mm shall be provided at the
downwards by up to 30 from relevant side or sides.
the horizontal, a firm and If a sloped path or ramp is
level margin of at least 600 bounded on one or both sides
32
mm shall be provided at the by terrain that slopes
relevant side or sides. If a downwards by 30 or more,
sloped path or ramp is an upstand of minimum
bounded on one or both sides height of 150 mm shall be
by terrain that slopes provided at the relevant side
downwards by 30 or more, or sides. Upstands shall have
an upstand of minimum a minimum difference in LRV
height of 150 mm shall be of 30 points in relation to the
provided at the relevant side ramp.
or sides. Upstands shall have If a path, or a sloping path,
a minimum difference in LRV stepped path, ramp, terrace
of 30 points in relation to the or other unfenced platform
ramp. rises more than 600 mm
If a path, or a sloping path, above the adjacent ground, it
stepped path, ramp, terrace shall be provided with
or other unfenced platform guarding. If the adjacent
rises more than 600 mm ground is firm and level with
above the adjacent ground, it the path for 600 mm, no
shall be provided with guard is needed. Guarding
guarding. If the adjacent shall be designed to
ground is firm and level with discourage a user, particularly
the path for 600 mm, no a child, from climbing on it.
guard is needed.
Guarding shall be designed to

discourage a user, particularly
a child, from climbing on it.
Lighting - - - The minimum illumination at
33
the top and bottom of the
ramp should be 200 lux and
150 lux in between the
bottom and top.
Handrail See section on Handrail
1. Maximum gradient: ISO is better and comprehensive. For example, for a level difference of 500 mm, HG and NBC
have given the required gradient as 1:12; whereas ISO mentions 1:20. Indian Standards should adopt the ISO
Standards.
2. Alternate to ramp: HG and NBC, for level difference of approximately 600 mm (9000 mm horizontal run) mentions
that alternate to ramp should be provided; whereas, in ISO it is mentioned that alternate to ramp should be provided
for 300 mm level difference. CPWD has not given this point. The ISO standards should be adopted by Indian
Standards. Moreover, the reference should be with respect to level difference and not the horizontal run as it currently
the case in HG and NBC.
3. Lighting: The lighting requirement has not been given in the Indian Standards. It should be added as per the ISO
Standard.
4. Edge protection/guarding along ramps: CPWD and HG have not given this point. NBC has taken the specifications from
ISO. CPWD and HG should add this point.
5. Placement of tactile warning indicators: CPWD and HG have not mentioned specifications for placing the tiles in the
ramp. CPWD and HG should add the specifications. NBC has given the distance for placing the warning indicators,
however, has not given its depth. This should be added as per ISO.
34
6 Kerb Ramps

Location of Be provided Be provided where the Be provided where the Be located in close
kerb ramps at pedestrian crossing vertical rise is less than vertical rise is less than 150 proximity to the designated
and at each end of the 150 mm; Should not mm. accessible parking area
footpath of a private project into the road Shall not project into the connecting the accessible
street or access road. surface; should be road surface path of travel to the
Kerb separating located or protected to Shall be so located and also principal entrance.
footpath or ramp from prevent obstruction by protected to prevent The accessible path to the
vehicular area shall also parked vehicles; and obstruction by parked kerb ramp can be marked
be a dropped kerb. Should be free from any vehicles. with hatching painted on
obstruction such as Shall be free from any the road surface to prevent
signposts, traffic lights, obstruction such as people from parking in this
etc. signposts, traffic lights, etc. area.
Should not be used if Shall not be used if they
they project in (The text project into a roadway, as it
is missing in HG) is dangerous for users
and obstructive for vehicles.
Shall be so located to enable
users to have an
unobstructed view of traffic
approaching from any
direction.
Length and Not less than 1200 mm The width should not be Not be less than 1200 mm in Width should be a minimum
width in length and 1200 mm less than 900 mm min. length and 1200 mm in of 1000 mm.
in width; With a width; With a clearance of at
clearance of at least 800 least 800 mm long at the
35
mm. long at the back of back of the footway.
the footway.
Maximum 1:12 1:12; the flared sides 1:12; flared side shall not be Level difference and
gradient should not be more than steeper than 1:10. corresponding Gradient:
1:10. 75 mm : 1:8 ;
110 mm: 1:9;
150mm: 1:10;
180mm: 1:11.
Tactile Provided with a tactile Diagram 7.1 has some They shall be provided with Where required on a
warning warning strip at 300 mm details about tactile adequate visual and tactile continuous accessible path
from the vehicular blocks. warning. of travel, tactile warning
areas; Provided with a Tactile warning strip (TGSI) indicators should be located
tactile warning strip of shall be provided to notify the at both the top and bottom
the nominal width of presence of traffic. The tactile of ramps. See further
600 mm at the ramp. warning strip shall have a detailed measures in the
Tactile warning strip minimum luminous contrast above section on ramps.
should have a minimum of 70 percent with the
luminous contrast of adjoining surfaces for the
70% with the adjoining elderly and persons with
surfaces. visual impairment.
Surface Raised traction strips Slip-resistant surface; Slip-resistant surface with a Slip-resistant surface.
shall be avoided. should be designed not minimum static coefficient of
Dropped kerb should to allow water friction of 'very good'
have slip-resistant accumulating on the grading.
surface with a minimum walking surface. They shall avoid raised
static coefficient of traction strips in order to
friction of Very Good reduce the hazard to
36
grading. everyone.
They shall be designed not to
allow water accumulating on
the walking surface.
Handrail Not required Not required Not required
1. Location of kerb ramps: Some text is missing in HG on page 56. It should be corrected.
2. Length and width: CPWD and NBC standards mention minimum width of 1200 mm whereas HG mentions 900 mm and
ISO 1000 mm. HG should adopt the CPWD and NBC Guidelines for the width of kerb ramp.
3. Maximum gradient: ISO gives different gradient for different heights for kerb ramps compared to CPWD, NBC and
HG. However, CPWD, HG and NBC standard of 1:12 is more suitable.
4. Tactile Warning Indicators: In HG and NBC the text should elaborate the Standards for laying them apart from just
indicating them in diagram.
37
7 Handrails
Provision of Handrails must be For stairs and ramps, Be provided on both sides
handrails continuous on both handrails shall be of all flights of stairs, and a
sides & even at provided on both the central handrail should be
landings. sides; and be provided when the
continuous, even at the unobstructed width of the
landings. stairs exceeds 2700 mm,
provided that an
unobstructed width of at
least 1500 mm is provided
on one side.
Exceptional considerations
for existing buildings: a
handrail should be provided
on at least one side of the
flight of stairs (principal
difficulties arise in relation
to heritage buildings).
Profile of Be fixed not less than 35 -Be slip-resistant with -Be slip-resistant with -Have a rounded profile
handrails mm and not more than 50 round ends; round ends; that can be inscribed into a
mm clear of wall and with a -have a circular section -Have a circular section 45 mm circle, and
clear height of 70 mm from of 38-45 mm in of 38-45 mm in subscribed to a 35 mm
the top of the bracket to diameter; diameter; diameter circle. The radius
38
the top of the handrail. -Have a minimum clear -Have a minimum clear of the rounded edges shall
Handrail shall be tubular, space of 50 mm from space of 50 mm from be minimum 15 mm;
not less than 40 mm and the walls; the walls;
not greater than 50 mm in -Be free of any sharp -Be free of any sharp -Be located to provide a
external diameter and in or abrasive elements; or abrasive elements; minimum clear space of 40
other shapes that can mm from an adjacent wall
provide the user a grip or other obstruction;
similar to that specified in
the case of tubular -Have an overall projection
handrails. from any side obstruction
Where the wall has a rough of not more than 100 mm;
surface, the clear space
should be not less than 45 -Have the top 270 arc of
mm between the handrail the handrail clear along its
and the wall. full length;
-Have a minimum of 50
mm clearance under the
270 arc along the full
length of the handrail for
finger indentation;
-Have a surface that is

smooth but provides
adequate resistance to
hand slippage.
NOTE: A wide and
39
relatively flat-topped
surface on a handrail
provides better support
than a regularly curved
one. Graspability is better
on a handrail that does not
require significant hand
and finger joint movement.
For these reasons, the use
of a handrail that is
elliptical is preferred.
Continuity Handrails must be Handrails should Have Handrails should be

of a handrail continuous on both continuous gripping continuous throughout the
sides & even at surfaces, without flight of a ramp, stair,
landings. interruptions or stepped path and
Handrail should have obstructions that may intermediate landing,
continuous gripping break a hand hold. except where they
surfaces, without intercept with a doorway or
interruptions or path of travel.
obstructions that can
break a hand hold.
Height of a The top of handrail shall be The handrails are Be installed at a height The height to the top of a
handrail at a height of not less than placed at a height of of 700 mm to 900 mm handrail shall be between
850 mm and not more than between 760 mm and (to be measured from 850 mm and 1000 mm
950 mm above any nosing, 900 mm above the the centre line of the above the surface of a
40
floor or landing. floor level. circular handrail across ramp, the pitch line of a
One more handrail should its diameter). stair, and the surface of a
be provided at a height of landing.
not less than 700 mm and A second handrail, with a
not more than 800 mm lower profile than the first
above any nosing, floor or one, shall be provided. The
landing for schools and height to the top of the
places of public second handrail should be
entertainment. between 600 mm and 750
mm above the surface of a
ramp, the pitch line of a
stair, and the surface of a
landing.
Horizontal Handrail shall extend Handrails should - Handrail extensions A handrail on a stepped
extension of horizontally not less than Extend horizontally for shall: path, stair or ramp shall
a handrail 300 mm beyond the first a distance of not less -Extend horizontally for have a horizontal extension
and last nosing of every than 300 mm beyond a distance of not less of not less than 300 mm
flight of steps or beyond the the top and bottom of than 300-450 mm beyond the first and last
ends of a ramp and the ramp to provide beyond the top and nosing of each flight.
terminate into a closed end support for persons bottom of the ramp to A handrail shall not project
which shall turn down or who may need help to provide support for into a transverse
return fully to end post or negotiate the ramp; persons who may need circulation path unless it is
wall face and which shall and not project into help to negotiate the continuous and intended to
not project into a route of another path of travel. ramp; and form part of the guidance
travel. - Not project into along that path.
A recess containing a another path of travel. The end of the horizontal
handrail should extend not - In case the handrail is extension should be turned
41
less than 450 mm above enclosed in a recess, towards the wall on the
the top of the handrail. the recess shall extend closed side of the ramp or
at least 450 mm above stairs, or be turned down
the top of the rail. and terminate at the floor
Handrails shall turn in or ground level.
towards the wall at NOTE: This provision
either end. supports people with
mobility impairment and
limits the risk of clothing
being caught.
Visual and Handrail should have a Handrails may be Handrails may be The minimum visual
tactile minimum luminous contrast provided with Braille/ provided with contrast of a handrail to
information of 30% with the tactile markings at the Braille/tactile markings the adjacent background
surrounding wall surfaces. beginning and the end at the beginning and at should be as per standards
Handrail finished in more to give information to the end to give on visual contrast.
noticeable colors with people with visual information to people
Braille and tactile impairment. with visual impairment. Raised text or tactile
information should facilitate To aid identification, symbols shall be
self-help circulation of the colour of the rail unobtrusively and
persons with visual shall contrast with the permanently fitted or fixed
impairment wall behind. to handrails as an
Braille and tactile important source of
information on directional information for people who
arrow and floor number have a vision impairment,
shall be provided on e.g. indication of floor
handrail on every floor at a number, direction of fire
designated location to evacuation, location of final
42
facilitate persons with fire exits, etc.

visual impairment.
Where a directional sign
exists on handrails, Braille
and tactile information shall
also be provided.
Mechanical Handrail shall be installed The handrail shall be Handrails shall be securely
resistance to resist a load of not less securely fitted to the fixed and rigid. The
than 1.3 kN applied wall to withstand heavy fastenings and the
vertically or horizontally. pressure. materials shall be able to
Handrail shall not rotate withstand a minimum point
within its fixing fittings. load, both vertical and
horizontal, of 1.7 kN.

1. Provision of handrails: ISO mentions a central handrail for wider staircases/steps. This is missing in the Indian
Standards and should be incorporated.
2. Profile of handrails: ISO recommends an elliptical profile of handrail and the details for the same are also mentioned.
This is for better graspability and the Indian Standards should adopt the same.
3. Height of handrails: The ISO Standards mention a second handrail to be installed at a lower height. This is missing in
HG and NBC and should be incorporated.
4. Visual and tactile Information: The colour contrast of the handrail against the wall (value) should be specified in HG
and NBC.
5. Mechanical Resistance: It would be ideal to specify the force to withstand in NBC and HG as specified in CPWD and
ISO.
43
8 Staircase
General Where steps or stairs are Stairs should not be Steps and staircases are Spiral and curved stairs
in an accessible route, the only means of intended as an alternative are not recommended.
complementary ramps, lifts moving between to lift access in buildings
or escalators should be floors. They should be and shall be of adequate
provided. supplemented by lifts design to allow all
and /or ramps. persons, with or without a
Winder, spiral staircase Also, spiral stairs disability, to travel safely
and splayed step should be should be avoided. and independently. Stairs
avoided. Circular stair and shall not be the only
sloped landing should be means of moving between
avoided. floors. They shall be
supplemented by lifts
and/or ramps.
Spiral stairs shall be
avoided.
Rise and Treads not less than 300 Treads should be 300 Treads shall be 300 mm Going of a step should be
going of mm in width. mm deep. deep. not less than 300
steps Risers not higher than Risers not higher than 150 mm. The minimum going
Risers not more than 150 150 mm. mm. of the tread shall be 260
mm in height. There should be no There shall be no more mm, and the maximum
more than 12 risers in than 12 risers in one flight rise shall be 180 mm. The
Individual flight should not one flight run. run. rise and tread of steps
exceed 1800 mm in height Steps should be of a Steps shall be of a within flights shall be
44
nor a total of 11 risers. consistent height and consistent height and uniform.
Open risers should be depth throughout the depth throughout the A flight of steps should not
avoided. All steps should staircase. staircase. contain more than 16
be uniform. Open stairs shall not open stairs shall not be risers. However, in
be provided to provided to minimize the circumstances where the
minimize the risk of risk of stumbling. plan area is restricted, a
stumbling. flight of a stairs shall
contain no more than 20
risers.
Should spiral and curved
stairs be used, the inside
handrail should have the
inside edge vertically
parallel with the going at a
point where the depth of
the going is a minimum of
220 mm. The sum of the
going and twice the rise of
a step should be not less
than 600 mm and not
more than 660 mm.
The riser of a step shall
not be open.
Nosing The risers built with Projecting nosing and Projecting nosing and The projection of a step
vertical or receding face open stairs should not open stairs shall not be nosing over the tread
not more than 15 mm from be provided to provided to minimize the below shall be avoided
the vertical, without a minimize the risk of risk of stumbling. but, if necessary, shall not
45
projecting nosing. It shall stumbling. be more than 25 mm. The

be provided with non-slip nosing shall provide an
nosing in contrasting uninterrupted
colour. transmission between riser
and tread.
Minimum . The stairs should have The stairs should have The minimum width of a
width of minimum 1500 mm minimum 1500 mm clear flight of stairs shall be
stair flights clear width. width. 1200 mm.
However, in no case the
clear width of the The minimum width
staircase shall be reduced between handrails shall be
below 1200 mm. 1000 mm.
Exceptional considerations
for existing buildings in
developing countries: In
some member states, the
minimum width of a flight
of stairs may be reduced
to 900 mm and the
minimum width between
handrails may be reduced
to 800 mm.
For Fire exit staircase: be

not less than 1500 mm.
46
Avoidance No appliances, fixtures or No appliances, fixtures or

of fittings shall project fittings shall project
projection beyond 90 mm from the beyond 90 mm from the
surface of any wall in a surface of any wall in a
staircase below a level of staircase below a level of
2000 mm above the treads 2000 mm, measured
of the staircase unless they above the treads of the
are unavoidable, in which staircase. If such a
case they shall also be projection is unavoidable,
extended downwards to the same shall also be
the level of the treads. extended downwards to
the level of the treads.
Staircase The stairs landing The stairs landing should The area of a landing shall
landings should be minimally be minimally 1200 mm be clear of any obstruction
1200 mm deep. deep. including the path of the
swing of a door or gate.
Where there is a half
landing or a 180 turn, it
shall never be less than
1500 mm wide in order to
facilitate. carrying a
person on a stretcher.
If the stepped path is

multi-channelled, the
length of an intermediate
47
landing shall not be less

than the unobstructed
width of the widest
channel.
Head Soffit of the stairs, shall Clear accessible height

clearance be cordoned off either by under stairs shall be a
building a wall in front of minimum of 2100 mm or
it or by putting handrails greater. If the clear height
to guide persons around is less than 2100 mm, a
the space. guard or other element
shall be provided to shield
against impact.
Head clearance on the

stair shall be minimum
2100 mm.
Colour Treads and walls of a Step edges must There shall be colour There shall be a visual
contrast and staircase shall be in contrast in colour to contrast between contrast between landings
visual contrasting colours. the risers and the landings, and the steps. and the top and bottom
warning treads. Contrast Step edges shall contrast step of a flight of stairs.
colour bands 50 mm in colour to the risers and
wide should be the treads. Contrast Preferably, a visual
provided on edge of colour bands 50 mm wide warning line with a single
the tread. There shall be provided on edge strip of 40 mm to 50 mm
without a break shall be
48
should be colour of the tread. provided on the front edge

contrast between of the going of each step
landings, and the with a minimum difference
steps. in LRV of 60 points and
may return down the riser
for a maximum of 10 mm.
The visual indicator on the
going may be set back a
maximum of 15 mm from
the front of the nosing. As
an alternative solution, a
visual warning line with a
width between 50 mm and
100 mm shall be provided
on the going of the first
and the last step of the
flight.
Tactile Tactile warning strips shall Warning blocks should Tactile ground surface Where a stair is in an open
warnings be provided at landings be installed 300 mm indicators (warning type) area, a tactile attention
and and at both the bottom before the beginning shall be installed 300 mm pattern may be beneficial.
information and top ends of a and 300 mm after the before the beginning and National regulations can
staircase, regardless of the end of each flight of 300 mm after the end of require the systematic use
number of steps it steps to aid people each flight of steps of of tactile warning on any
comprises. For landings with visual external affairs to aid stair. However, where
leading to a floor or those impairments. people with visual different materials are
enclosed by wall, railing or used for the flights and
49
balustrade, tactile warning impairments. landings of a stair, care

strips of 300 mm in width should be taken to ensure
shall be provided; for Tactile warning strips shall that their frictional
those leading to an open be provided at landings characteristics are similar
space or the entrance / and at both the bottom in order to minimize the
exit of a building, the and top ends of a risk of stumbling.
tactile warning strips shall staircase, regardless of
be 600 mm in width. In the number of steps it Where tactile attention
this case, Braille and comprises. For landings patterns are used, they
tactile information signs leading to a floor or those should be provided on the
shall be provided on the enclosed by wall, railing or landings at the top and
adjacent wall to indicate balustrade, tactile warning bottom of every flight of
the presence of an strips of 300 mm in width stairs across the whole
opening. For a staircase shall be provided; for width of the stair. The
with intermediate steps those leading to an open tactile attention pattern
between two flights, the space or the entrance/exit should have a depth of
provision of tactile warning of a building, the tactile between 600 mm and 900
strips shall follow the warning strips shall be mm ending 300 mm to
arrangement in. 600 mm in width. In this 500 mm before the front
case, Braille and tactile edge of the first down
information signs shall be going step.
provided on the adjacent
wall to indicate the Where tactile attention
presence of an opening. patterns are used at the
For a staircase with top and bottom of stairs,
intermediate steps the attention pattern shall
between two flights, the not reduce visual
provision of tactile detection of the first and
50
warning strips shall follow the last step of the flight.

the same arrangement.
Guards If a stair rises more than

along stairs 600 mm above the
adjacent ground, it shall
be provided with guards
from that point on.
Lighting Illumination level of 100- The minimum illumination

150 lux shall be at the top and bottom of
maintained on the stairs. the flight should be 200
lux and 150 lux in
between.
Materials The materials selected for

and the surface finish of the
finishing stairs shall be firm and
slip resistant, especially if
surfaces are likely to
become wet due to
location or use, or if
spillage occurs. Slippery
surfaces like granite,
glazed tiles are best
avoided.
51
Shiny, polished surface

materials that cause glare
shall not be used for stairs
or ramps.
1. General: CPWD Guidelines mention that Where steps or stairs are in an accessible route, complementary ramps, lifts
or escalators should be provided. The term escalator should be removed from here. There should not be a choice
between escalators and lifts.
2. Number of steps is a flight of stairs: The total number of steps in one flight of stairs is different in different Guidelines.
The CPWD says 11, in HG and NBC, it is 12 and ISO says 16. Indian Standards should be established and should be
the same in all Guidelines.
3. Minimum width: CPWD Guidelines should mention the minimum width of staircase. Clear width of staircase between
the handrails should be specified in CPWD, HG and NBC as given in the ISO. NBC though mentions 1500 mm as the
minimum width, it also says that in no case it should be less than 1200 mm. It may be useful to add in the NBC that
for fire exit staircases the width should be 1500 mm.
4. Landings: Staircase landing Standards should be taken from ISO in all Indian standards as the same takes into
account turning space for stretchers etc.
5. Head clearance: Head clearance for staircase should be specified in Indian Standards as given in the ISO.
6. Visual and tactile warning: Specifications for visual contrast are more elaborate in ISO and should be adopted in
Indian Standards as well.
7. Lighting: Requirements for minimum illumination level is missing in CPWD and HG. Its there in NBC but lower than
the ISO. ISO Standards should be adopted.
8. Guard along stairs: ISO mentions guards along staircase. This should be adopted in Indian Standards.
52
9 Doors and Windows

Minimum width Not less than 900 mm The minimum clear The minimum clear opening The minimum
of doors between the open door opening of doorways of doorways shall be 900 unobstructed width of an
and opposite jamb or the should be 900mm, mm, measured between the entrance doorway shall be
other leaf. measured between the face of the door and the not less than 800 mm;
face of the door and the face of the door stop with 850 mm or more is
face of the door stop the door open at 90. recommended
with the door open at Note: Many national
90.. building regulations
require a minimum width
of 900 mm for an
entrance door.
Clear height of The minimum clear height
a doorway of a doorway shall be not
less than 2000 mm.
Wheelchair Corridor should have a A corridor shall have a width Level maneuvering area
maneuvering width of at least 1200 of at least 1200 mm to on either side of the door,
space mm to allow a 90 turn allow a 90 turn to be made if any door is opening
to be made through a through a door. In narrow towards a descending
door. In narrow spaces spaces, sliding doors may stair, the minimum safe
sliding doors may be be preferable. distance for maneuvering
preferable. Front approaches to pull should be 2000 mm,
side of swinging doors shall including doorswing, to
have maneuvering space minimize the risk for
that extends 600 mm wheelchair users. In front
minimum beyond the latch of the door opening into
53
side of the door, if 1200 mm the building, there should
minimum is provided be a minimum horizontal
perpendicular to the maneuvering space of
doorway; or maneuvering 1500 mm by 1500 mm.
space that extends 450 mm Where turning 180 in a
minimum beyond the latch wheelchair may be
side of the door shall be required, there shall be a
provided, if 1500 mm minimum of 1600 mm by
minimum is provided 2150 mm.
perpendicular to the
doorway.
Front approaches to push
side of swinging doors shall
have maneuvering space
that extends 300 mm
minimum, beyond the latch
side of the door and 1200
mm minimum,
doorway.
Unobstructed The unobstructed area Wheelchair Wheelchair maneuvering A clear space of 600 mm
area to reach adjacent to the door maneuvering spaces spaces shall be free of any (700 mm recommended)
/operate the handle on the leading should be free of any obstructions and be at the latch side of the
handle face of a single door obstructions and space provided on the side of the door is required to allow
shall not be less than should be provided on door handle in the following someone to operate the
330 mm in width. Door, the side of the door manner: door handle.
if less than 330 mm from handle in the following - On the pull side, a The maximum distance
the corner of a room, manner: minimum space of 650 mm; from the handle of the
54
shall swing from the side - On the pull side, a - On the push side, a door leaf to the wall
nearer to that corner. minimum space of 650 minimum space of 300 mm; surface shall not exceed
mm; and 250 mm. Design,
- On the push side, a - For two-way swing door, a installation and
minimum space of 300 minimum space of 300 mm. maintenance of sliding
mm; doors should be specially
- For two-way swing considered.
door, a minimum space A maneuvering space of
of 300mm. not less than 600 mm
shall be provided between
the leading edge of a door
and a wall that is
doorway; 700 mm or
more is recommended.
Two doors in The minimum space The minimum space
series between two hinged or between two hinged or
pivoted doors in series pivoted doors in series, shall
should be 1200 mm be 1500 mm plus the width
plus the width of the of the door swinging into
door swinging into that that space.
space.
Double-action Double-action self-
self-closing closing door shall have a
doors check mechanism to
prevent the door
swinging beyond the
55
closed position and a
transparent vision-panel
with a bottom edge not
more than 1000 mm
above the floor and the
top edge not less than
1500 mm above the
finished floor level.
Height of Door handle shall not be Be mounted at a height Be mounted at a height of Door furniture shall be
handles less than 950 mm and of 850 mm to 1100mm 850 mm to 1100 mm from located between 800 mm
not more than 1050 mm from the floor. the floor. and 1000 mm in height,
above the finished floor -Push pull mechanisms -Push-pull mechanisms that preferably 900 mm.
level, measured from the that require no require no grasping; Door locks, door handles,
top surface of the grip. grasping; - Lever handles to be bells and other devices for
- Lever handles to be preferred on latched doors; gaining entry to a place
preferred on latched - It is safer to use D-shaped shall be easy to locate,
doors; handles as they reduce the identify, reach and use,
- It is safer to use D risk of catching on and shall be operable with
shaped handles as they clothing, or injuring from only one hand. D-lever
reduce the risk of the exposed lever end; and handles are preferred.
catching on - Doorknob is not
clothing, or injuring recommended.
from the exposed lever
end.
- Doorknob is not
recommended.
Door thresholds Door threshold shall not There should be no There shall be no thresholds Entrances into the building
56
exceed 20 mm in height thresholds. (doorsills). If thresholds are should be level. Any
and shall be beveled to If thresholds are unavoidable, they shall not raised threshold shall not
facilitate passage of unavoidable, they exceed 12 mm and those exceed 20 mm.
wheelchairs. should not exceed 12 exceeding 5 mm shall be Where a raised threshold
mm and those beveled. is necessary, it shall have
exceeding 5 mm should maximum height of 20
be beveled. mm, be bevelled down,
and have a minimum
difference in LRV of 30
points compared to the
floor.
Kick-plates All doors which allow the Kick- plates of 300-400 Kick-plates of not less than
passage of wheelchairs mm height (Figure 5- 300-400 mm height are
should have kick-plates 25) are recommended recommended for doors in
of not less than 200 mm for doors in high use in high-use in order to protect
high fitted on the face order to protect the the push side of doors from
which swings away. push side of doors from damage.
damage.
Door The presence of door, To help people with To help people with Doors forming part of an
identification whether opened or impaired sight to see impaired sight to see doors, accessible path of travel
closed, should be doors, the door and the door and frame should shall have a difference in
apparent to persons with frame should be in a be in a light reflectance value to
visual impairment colour which contrasts colour which contrasts with doorframe and the
through the careful with the adjoining wall. the adjoining wall. The door surrounding wall of not
choice of colour and The door should not be shall not be of a highly less than 30 points, The
materials for the door of a highly polished/ polished/reflective material minimum width of the
and its surroundings. reflective material such such as stainless steel. area of visual contrast
57
Provision of marking on as stainless steel. shall be 50 mm. If this is
glass doors would help not possible to achieve, a
persons with visual marking of at least 50 mm
impairment to width (e.g. around the
distinguish obstacles and frame of the door), with a
passage as well as for different visual contrast
public to avoid from the wall (with a
collision. Door handle of minimum difference in
manually operated doors LRV of not less than 30
and control switch or points) shall surround all
button of door with the perimeter of the door.
powered open devices There should be a visual
should have a minimum contrast between the door
luminous contrast of leaf and the handle of at
30% with the least 15 points.
background finishes.
Vision/viewing Should be installed with Panel giving visibility Panel giving visibility from a The lower edge of the
panels bottom edge not more from a height of 800 height of 800 mm to 1500 glazed panel shall be not
than 1000 mm and top mm to 1500 mm. mm. more than 600 mm above
edge not less than 1500 the finished floor, the
mm above the finished upper edge of the glazed
floor level. panel shall be not less
than 1600 mm above the
finished floor, in width,
the glazed panel shall
start not more than 200
mm from the latch edge of
the door, and the glazing
58
shall be not less than 150
mm wide, the glazed
panel may be subdivided
by narrow construction
cross-sections of a
maximum width of 200
mm.
Visual indicator The leading edge of The presence of a glass The presence of a glass door Glazed (glass) walls and
on glass doors glass door should be door should be made shall be made apparent, fully glazed doors shall be
marked to indicate glass. apparent, with with permanent clearly marked with visual
"If frameless glass door permanent manifestation at two levels, indicators. Large glazed
is used, it shall be manifestation at two within 850 mm to 1000 mm areas close to circulation
prominently marked so levels, within 800 mm from the floor and within spaces could be mistaken
as to make it visible. to 1000 mm from the 1400 mm to 1 600 mm from for openings. Glazed
The marking shall be floor and within the floor, contrasting walls, doors and other
placed across on the 1400 mm to 1600 mm visually with the areas of full height glazing
glass door such that at from the floor , background, seen through are very disorientating for
least a portion of the contrasting visually with the glass in all light blind or partially sighted
marking is placed the background seen conditions. The edges of a people. The reflections
between 900 mm and through the glass in all glass door shall also be from these surfaces can
1500 mm above light conditions. The apparent when the door is be particularly confusing.
the finished floor. The edges of a glass door open. Note: - If a glass door Uninterrupted visual
colour marking shall also should also be apparent is adjacent to, or is indicators of at least 75
be provided to glass when the door is open. incorporated within, a fully mm height with a
panel adjacent to the Note: If a glass door is glazed wall, the door and difference in light
glass adjacent to, or is wall shall be clearly reflectance values of
door." incorporated within, a differentiated from one minimum 30 points to the
fully glazed wall, the another, with the door more background shall be
59
door and wall should be prominent. To achieve this, placed at a height of 900
clearly differentiated the door may be framed on mm to 1 000 mm and
from one another, with both sides and also on the 1300 mm to 1400 mm
the door more top by an opaque high- above floor level. An
prominent. To achieve contrast strip at least 25 additional visual indicator
this, the door may be mm wide. placed at a height of 100
framed on both sides mm to 300 mm is
and the top by an recommended. Visual
opaque high-contrast indicators consisting of
strip at least 25 mm two separate colours with
wide. a minimum difference in
LRV of 60 points are
recommended to enable
lighting conditions and
backgrounds to be taken
into account.
Door opening Horizontal force of not The maximum force for The maximum force for When the operating force
force more than 30 N and 22 pushing or pulling or pushing or pulling or sliding needed to open the door
N respectively. Door sliding a door should be a door shall be 20 N. is greater than 25 N, an
required to have fire 20 N. automatic opening door is
resistance period recommended.
installed along accessible People with impaired
routes shall be opened mobility often experience
with horizontal force of difficulties when using
not more than 30 N. self-closing doors. The
force required to open
doors should be 25 N.
Self-closing doors should
60
have an opener.
Buildings for public use
should preferably have
automatic doors or
controlled door closing
devices with a hold- open
device. An alternative
option is the use of dual
powered controlled door
closing devices with
electromagnetic retention
for higher power spring.
Door closure A closing period of at The sweep period of the The sweep period of the
speed least 3 seconds door should be door should be adjusted, so
measured from an open adjusted, so that from that from an open position
position of 70 to a point an open position of of 90, the door does not
75 mm from the closed 90 degrees the door take less than 3 sec to
position measured from does not take less than move to a semi-closed
the leading edge of the 3 seconds to move to a position.
door. semi-closed position.
Windows Unobstructed viewing Unobstructed viewing zone The lower edge of the
zone between 600mm between 600 mm and 1400 glazing should be no
and 1400mm. mm. higher than 1100 mm
-Curtain or Venetian - Curtain or venetian blind from the floor.
blind controls/ropes controls/ropes shall be at Hardware, shutters and
should be at 800-1000 800-1000 mm height from switches for remote
mm height the finished floor control should be placed
61
from the finished floor level. between 800 mm and
level. For the requirements for 1100 mm above the floor.
- Handle should be handles, also see the Door Opening windows shall not
located at a height of section. project into pedestrian
between 600 mm to areas below a height of
1100 mm from the 2100 mm.
floor. For the requirements for
For the requirements handles, also see the Door
for handles, also see section.
the Door section.
1. Height of doorway: Only ISO has given the minimum clear height of a doorway which shall be not less than 2000
mm. CPWD, HG and NBC should add this point.
2. Maneuvering space: CPWD has not mentioned about the maneuvering space required on either sides of the door.
NBC says that space is required beyond the latch side of the door for the pull and push. HG should add the point.
ISO gives requirement for turning space in case 180 degree turn is required or if staircase is there. These should be
incorporated in the Indian Standards.
3. Unobstructed space to reach the handle: HG and NBC are comprehensive with regard to minimum space required
on push side and pull side. CPWD should update the Standards and make it in line with HG and NBC.
4. Two doors in a series: HG mentions that the minimum space between two hinged or pivoted doors in series should
be 1200 mm plus the width of the door swinging into that space. However, NBC mentions 1500 mm. CPWD has
not covered this. CPWD should add this point and HG should revise it as per NBC.
5. Double-action self-closing door: Only CPWD gives requirement for Double-action self-closing door. HG, NBC should
add this point too.
62
6. Height of handles: Standards given in HG and NBC are the same, i.e. 850 to 1100 mm; in CPWD it is 950 to 1050
mm and in ISO it is between 800 and 1000 mm. ISO Standards seem more suitable and should be adopted by
Indian Standards.
7. Door threshold: CPWD should adopt the specification given in HG and NBC with regard to the maximum height of
thresholds. In addition, ISO provides LRV requirement and should be adopted in all Indian Standards.
8. Kick plates: CPWD mentions that all doors which allow the passage of wheelchairs should have kick-plates of not
less than 200 mm high fitted on the face which swings away. HG and NBC say the height should be 300-400 mm.
The standard given HG and NBC is better and CPWD should adopt the same.
9. Door identification: CPWD and ISO give the LRV requirement of door with the surrounding. ISO is comparatively
more comprehensive. HG and NBC should add the information from ISO.
10. Vision panel: HG and NBC have given the lower edge requirement as 800 mm while CPWD has given 1000 mm and
ISO 600 mm. ISO seems more suitable and all Indian Standards should adopt the ISO Standard. ISO also gives
width of glazed panel. This should also be added in Indian Standards.
11. Visual indicators on glass doors/panels: HG and NBC requirements are more or less similar and it mentions
manifestation at two levels. CPWD has given different requirement and provides for marking at only one level. ISO
has provided for visual indicators at three levels. ISO has also given requirements for width of visual indicators and
LRV requirements. ISO is more comprehensive. This should be adopted in Indian Standards.
12. Door opening force: HG and NBC mention that the maximum force for pushing or pulling or sliding a door should be
20 N. CPWD says 22 N and ISO say 25 N. HG and NBC standards are fine. CPWD should revise the Standard to
make it 20 N.
13. Door closing speed: HG and NBC have same requirements. CPWD should revise the Standards as per HG and NBC.
14. Different types of doors: ISO has also given specification for revolving door, sliding or folding door, powered swing
door and automatic opening doors. These should be adopted by Indian Standards (pages 52 and 53 of ISO).
15. CPWD should add a section on windows. ISO has given that windows should not open in pedestrian area below
height of 2100 mm. This should be included in HG and NBC.
63
10 Elevators and Lifts
Minimum inner 2000 mm x 1100 mm 1500 mm wide x 1500 1500 mm wide x 1500 1100 mm x 1400 mm.
dimensions of mm deep; wherever mm deep, that allows If a trolley with a
lift car possible, 13 passenger Easy maneuverability of stretcher is considered,
lift to be provided, wheelchair users. the minimum inner
which allows easy dimensions of cars
maneuverability of shall be 1200 mm x
wheelchair user. 2300 mm.
If an entrance is
provided on two
adjacent sides, the
minimum inner
dimensions of cars
shall be 1600 mm x
1400 mm.
Lift signage Lifts should be marked Lifts shall be marked The lifts shall be
with the symbol of with the international marked with signage as
accessibility and symbol of accessibility. set in the standards
directional signs be Directional signs showing that they fulfill
provided to the lifts. indicating the location minimum accessibility
Signs indicating the of an accessible lift shall requirements.
location of an accessible be provided at a
lift should be provided location that is clearly
in a location that is visible from the building
clearly visible from the entrance. The
64
building entrance. The directional signs shall

sign should incorporate incorporate a
a representation of the representation of the
International Symbol International Symbol of
for Access. Accessibility.
A sign indicating the A sign indicating the
number of the floor number of the floor
should be provided on arrived shall be
each lift landing on the provided on each lift
wall opposite the lift. It landing on the wall
is also recommended to opposite the lift in big
install a floor directory fonts with good colour
of the main facilities contrast.
and services available It is recommended to
on the lift landing, install a floor directory
along with an accessible of the main facilities
emergency egress route and services available
that clearly indicates on the lift landing,
the location of nearest along with an accessible
refuge areas for emergency egress route
Persons with that clearly indicates
Disabilities. the location of the
nearest refuge area for
persons with
disabilities.
Lift car entrance Clear entrance width: 900 Clear opening of not Clear opening of not The unobstructed
Door opening mm. less than 900 mm and less than 900 mm and entrance width shall be
65
Lift car doors and landing contrasting in colour contrasting in colour at least 800 mm; 900
doors shall be of the from the adjoining wall. from the adjoining wall. mm is preferred.
horizontally sliding type, There should be no There shall be no If a trolley with a
power- operated and difference in level difference in level stretcher is considered,
automatically controlled. between the lift door between the lift door the minimum
An audible signal shall be and the floor surface at and the floor surface at unobstructed entrance
provided to signify the each level. The gap each level. The gap width: 1100 mm.
closing of the doors to between the lift door between the lift door The car and landing
alert persons. A detection and building floor and building floor shall doors shall be
device shall be provided should not be more not be more than 12 constructed as
to re- open the lift doors than 12 mm. mm. automatic power
in the event of hitting any Time of closing of an Time of closing of an operated horizontally
obstacle. automatic door should automatic door shall be sliding doors. The
The detection device shall be more than 5 seconds more than 5 sec and colour and tone of the
be positioned at a height and the closing speed the closing speed shall lift entrances should
of between 500 mm to should not exceed 0.25 not exceed 0.25 m/s. contrast with the
600 mm above the floor meters per second. surrounding wall
of the lift car. finishes. The door
Lift door systems should opening time shall be
be designed to allow adjustable to suit the
adequate time for conditions where the
passage of persons with a lift is installed
disability and the elderly. (normally between 2 s
Where planning allows, and 20 s). A
lift cars may be provided mechanism to increase
with opposing doors to this time shall be
allow a wheelchair user to installed to be
leave without having to customized by a user
66
reverse. with mobility

impairments (e.g. by
means of a button
outside the car to call
the lift to the floor for it
to arrive with extended
door opening time, and
a button marked with a
wheelchair symbol
inside the car with the
same purpose).
A presence sensor
device shall cover the
opening over the
distance between at
least 25 mm and 1800
mm above the car door
sill (e.g. light curtain).
The device shall be a
sensor which minimizes
the likelihood of
physical contact
between the user and
the leading edges of
the closing panel(s).
Maneuvering The maneuvering space

space outside should not be in any
67
the lift entrance circulation route nor

directly opposite to any
stair circulation. If a
stair is situated
opposite the entrance,
the distance to the stair
shall be at least 2000
mm to allow safe
maneuvering. The
maneuvering area shall
be adequately lit with a
minimum illumination
of 100 lux.
A maneuvering space
of 1200 mm X 1200
mm can be accepted
according to national
regulations and
national standards, but
could lead wheelchair
users to dangerous
situations.
In order to aid in
location of the lift
entrance, a
distinguishable floor
surface of
approximately 1500
68
mm X 1500 mm should
be installed outside the
doors. This could be
obtained by means of a
change of colour or
floor finish. Changes in
floor finish should be
flush.
Handrail/grab The top of the gripping Grab bars should: Grab bars shall be At least one handrail
bars surface of the handrails Be placed at a height of placed at a height of shall be provided in the
shall be at a height of 850 900 mm from the floor 900 mm from the floor car and shall be fixed
mm 950 mm, with a level; and be fixed on level. These shall be horizontally on the
space of 30 mm - 50 mm both sides and at the fixed on both sides and same side as the car
between the handrails rear of the lift. at the rear of the lift. operating panel; it is
and wall. . recommended to
provide one handrail on
each car wall. Handrails
may be interrupted at
the car operating
panel(s) if it is required
to gain access to lift
controls.
The gripping part of the
handrail shall:
- be in a perimeter of
between 100 mm and
160 mm,
69
- have a minimum
dimension of 25 mm
(35 mm is
recommended),
- have a maximum
dimension of 55 mm
(45 mm is
recommended), and
- have no sharp edges.
The height to the top of
the handrail shall be
between 800 mm and
950 mm above the
floor; a height of 850
mm (+/-) 25 mm is
recommended.
The free space between
the wall and the
gripping part shall be
between 35 mm and 45
mm; 50 mm is
recommended.
The projecting ends of
the handrails shall be
closed and turned
towards the wall to
minimize the risk of
injury.
70
Audio and visual The lift should have a The lift shall have a
indicators voice announcement voice announcement
system along with a system along with a
visual display to visual display to
indicate the floor level indicate the floor level
and also the and also the
information that the information that the
door of the cage is open door of the cage is open
or closed for entrance or closed for entrance
or exit. or exit. The
The announcement announcement system
system should be shall be clearly audible,
clearly audible i.e. the that is, the
announcement should announcement shall be
be 50 decibel. 50 dB.
Floor and wall The use of visually and The use of visually and The use of visually and Internal walls shall
surfaces of the acoustically reflective wall acoustically reflective acoustically reflective have a non-reflective,
car surfaces can cause wall surfaces should be wall surfaces should be matte finish in a colour
discomfort for persons minimized within the lift minimized within the lift and tone contrasting
with visual and hearing car as visual reflections car as visual reflections with the floor. The car
impairment. can cause discomfort may cause discomfort floor shall be rigid, slip-
and affect the visual and affect the visual resistant and have a
acuity of people with acuity of people with non-reflective, matte
visual impairments. visual impairments. finish.
The floor of the lift car The floor of the lift car A lift floor with a high
should be slip resistant should be slip resistant LVR reassures blind
and have similar and have similar and partially sighted
71
frictional qualities to the frictional qualities to the people that they are
floor of the lift landing floor of the lift landing not stepping into an
to decrease the risk of to decrease the risk of open lift shaft.
stumbling. stumbling. The floor of the car
should have a similar
surface characteristic
to the landing floor.
The control buttons
shall comply with ISO
4190-5 with tactile and
contrasting design to
the surrounding wall in
order to locate them
easily. Surface
materials that a user
can be allergic to
include nickel,
chromium, cobalt and
natural or synthetic
rubber; these materials
should be avoided in
buttons, controls,
handles or handrails.
Emergency call An emergency alarm push The emergency The emergency The car shall have an
button in button together with a communication system communication system alarm device (two-way
lifts/emergency buzzer, an indication light should be coupled with should be coupled with communication
warnings for acknowledgement and an induction loop an induction loop system) permanently
72
an intercom shall be system installed all system installed all connected to a manned
provided in each lift car around the lift. around the lift. security point according
and be connected to the Telephone units, where Telephone units, where to the following:
building management provided, should have provided, should have - The device shall
office or the caretakers an inbuilt inductive an inbuilt inductive ensure voice
office. The building coupler to assist coupler to assist communication in both
Management office or the persons using hearing persons using hearing directions with an
caretakers office shall be aids. aids. organization in charge
equipped with a buzzer, of passenger rescue or
indication light(s) (one for with the person in
each lift) and an intercom charge of the safety of
connected to the lift the building.
car(s). The indication - A minimum operating
light for force of 2,5 N shall be
acknowledgement shall required to operate the
be in the form of a alarm.
blinking light adjacent to - The device shall
the intercom speaker and provide visual and
a notice when light blinks, audible information
it indicates your feedback for
emergency call has passengers confirming
already been received. that:
Please be patient and the alarm has been
wait for the rescue. In sent, using a yellow
English and Hindi shall be enlightened bell-
provided next to the shaped symbol, and
blinking light. the alarm has been
This system shall be received, voice
73
powered by an communication
emergency electricity established, using the
supply system in the green enlightened
event of power failure. symbol consisting of
The graphics for tactile two heads.
markings for open- door
and close-door push
buttons, emergency
alarm button, and main
entrance level are shown
in for reference. Call
button panels should be
provided at both sides of
door openings.
Mirror or For lifts of the size that The provision of a The provision of a In case of a car size of
mirrored wall does not allow a mirror on the wall of mirror on the wall of 1100 mm by 1400 mm
within the car wheelchair user to turn the lift car opposite the the lift car opposite the where a wheelchair
around within the lift car, lift door is a positive aid lift door is a positive aid user cannot turn
mirror should be installed to navigation for to navigation for around, a device (e.g.
with the bottom edge to wheelchair users. It wheelchair users. It a small mirror) shall be
be set at 900 mm above allows the wheelchair allows the wheelchair installed to enable the
the floor level in the lift user to see if anyone is user to see if anyone is user to observe
car to facilitate a behind them and also to behind them and also to obstacles behind when
wheelchair user in see the floor indicator see the floor indicator moving backwards out
reversing and to see panel. The mirror panel. The mirror of the car. If a glass
which level the lift has should not extend should not extend mirror is used it shall
reached. below 900 mm from the below 900 mm from the be made of safety
74
lift floor to avoid lift floor to avoid glass. If any wall of

confusing people with confusing people with the car is substantially
impaired sight. impaired sight. mirrored or covered
with a reflective
surface, measures shall
be taken to avoid
creating optical
confusion (e.g. by
means of decorated
glass, or a minimum
vertical distance of 300
mm between the floor
and the bottom edge of
the mirror, etc.).
Seat Where a fold-up seat is

provided, it shall have:
a top height from the
floor of (500 20) mm;
A depth of 300-400
mm;
A width of 400-500
mm;
An ability to support a
minimum load of 100
kg; 200 kg is
recommended,
considering the
75
increasing number of
obese people in the
worldwide population.
Lighting Internal car lighting

should provide a
minimum level of
illumination of 100 lux
at floor level, uniformly
distributed, and
avoiding the use of
spotlights.
Control devices Essential lift control The call button located The call button located Where it is intended to
and signals buttons including floor outside the lift should:- outside the lift shall provide accessibility for
numbering buttons, Have a clear floor space have a clear floor space all, controls should be
emergency alarm push of at least 900 mm x of at least 900 mm x placed within a defined
button and door opening 1200 mm with no 1200 mm with no area. Landing controls
push button in the lift car obstruction placed to obstruction placed to should be placed at a
shall not be less than 900 prevent a wheelchair prevent a wheelchair minimum distance of
mm and not more than user from reaching the user from reaching the 500 mm (600 mm
1200 mm above the floor call button; and call button and shall be recommended) from
of the car. - Be installed at a installed at a height any adjacent corner or
- Provision of secondary height between 800 between 800 mm and wall. Car controls
control panel for over- mm and 1000 mm. 1000 mm. should be placed at a
spilled floor numbering The control panel The control panel inside minimum distance of
buttons is always should: the lift shall meet the 400 mm (500 mm
acceptable. Have a clear floor space following requirements: recommended) from
76
- All lift control buttons of at least 900 mm x - It shall have a clear any adjacent corner or
shall have a minimum 1200 mm with no floor space of at least wall. Both landing
dimension of 20 mm. obstruction placed to 900 mm x 1200 mm controls and car
- Braille and tactile prevent a wheelchair with no obstruction controls should be
markings shall be placed user from reaching it; placed to prevent a placed between 900
either on or to the left of Be placed at a height of wheelchair user from mm and 1200 mm
the control buttons. between 800 mm and reaching it; above floor level,
- Such Braille and tactile 1000 mm from the floor - It shall be placed at a preferably 1100 mm.
markings shall be in level and height of between 800 The controls can be
Arabic numerals and/or Have buttons with mm and 1 000 mm placed either vertically
symbols. Tactile markings Braille/ raised letters from the floor level; or horizontally within
shall have a minimum and in sharp contrast and this area.
dimension of 15 mm high from the background to - It shall have buttons Note: In buildings with
and be raised 1 mm aid people with visual with Braille/raised a small number of
minimum. impairments. letters and in sharp floors and a high
- The tactile marking of contrast from the number of wheelchair
the push buttons for the background to aid users, placing the
main entrance floor shall people with visual controls horizontally
be identified with a impairments. can be helpful. People
symbol in a star shape. with mental
- The emergency alarm impairments may have
push button shall be in a difficulties using a
tactile bell shape. keypad system.
In buildings with a
small number of floors,
it is recommended to
use 25 mm x 25 mm
square buttons or 30
77
mm circular buttons
with raised tactile
letters, whether they
are placed vertically or
horizontally. Braille can
be used as a
complementary and
independent feature to
tactile figures and is
useful where large
texts are necessary.
Use of lifts All lifts/elevators in

(elevators) for new buildings should,
fire evacuation be capable of being
used for evacuation in
a fire situation. If
lifts/elevators in
existing buildings
undergo a major
overhaul, or if they are
replaced, they should
be made capable of use
for this purpose.
For details, please refer
to pg. 45-46.
78
1. The Lift dimension/inner dimension of car: It is different in CPWD. This should be synchronised with HG and NBC,
which seem more appropriate. ISO mentions a lift dimension for stretchers as well. This should be incorporated in
Indian Standards.
2. Signage: It should be included in CPWD as in HG and NBC.
3. Maneuvering space: The ISO specifies maneuvering space outside the lift entrance. This should be incorporated in
Indian Standards.
4. Lift door: ISO specifies a mechanism to increase the lift door opening time that shall be installed to be customized by
a user with disability. This should be incorporated in Indian Standards. The lift door opening size, time of opening
should be mentioned in CPWD as in NBC and HG. Lift door sensor is well detailed in ISO. This should be incorporated
in Indian Standards.
7. Handrails/grab bars: It is well detailed in ISO. This should be incorporated in all Indian Standards.
8. Audio and visual indicators: They should be described in CPWD as in HG and NBC.
9. Allergic materials: ISO mentions about allergic materials, i.e. Surface materials that a user can be allergic to; these
materials should be avoided in buttons, controls, handles or handrails. This should be incorporated in Indian
Standards.
10. The Emergency Call Button: It is detailed in CPWD and the same should be followed in NBC and HG. However, it
misses information on minimum operating force required to operate the alarm. This should be incorporated in all
Indian Standards.
11. ISO specifies on the seat and lighting within the lift car as well as use of lifts during fire evacuation. These points
should be included in all the Indian Standards.
12. Control panel and mirrors within the lift car are well detailed in ISO and it is recommended that all the Indian
Standards follow the same. For example - size of the controls, horizontal distance of controls from the adjacent wall,
optical confusion for mirrors.
79
11 Vertical and Inclined Lifting Platforms
Minimum The minimum width 1050 The minimum width shall be The minimum dimension 1100 mm
dimensions mm and the minimum 1100 mm and the minimum by 1400 mm.
of the length should be 1250 length shall be 1400 mm. Exceptional considerations for
platform mm. existing buildings: In existing
buildings of minor public
importance and with few visitors,
where sufficient space is not
available, other dimensions may be
considered, e.g. 900 mm by 1400
mm or 800 mm by 1250 mm. Local
building regulations should be
observed.
Vertical For maximum level For maximum level changes of

lifting changes of 2500 mm, 2500 mm, vertical movement
platforms vertical movement platform lifts may be installed.
platform lifts may be For level changes of more than
installed. 1200 mm, the lift shall be placed
For level changes of more in a closed structure with doors
than 1200 mm, the lift at different accessible levels.
should be placed in a Vertical platform lifts may have
closed structure with doors a variety of openings for entry
at different accessible and exit and their minimum size
levels. shall be 1200 mm X 1000 mm.
80
Vertical platform lifts can

have a variety of openings
for entry and exit.
Minimum size should be
1200 X 1000 mm.
Guarding If driving, guiding or lifting

mechanisms present hazards at the
sides of a platform, the
mechanisms shall be guarded to
protect the users. The guarding
shall be smooth, hard and
continuous.
Inclined Inclined movement Inclined movement platform lift

movement platform lifts consist of may be installed along the stair
platform lift three elements a railing, wall as long as they do not
an electric generator and a obstruct the required width of
moving platform or seat. the exit. The seat or platform
may be folded when not in use.
Inclined movement The minimum width of the stairs
platform lift can be shall be 900 mm to allow the
installed along the stair installation of the lift. Platform
wall as long as they do not lifts may be installed on all types
obstruct the required width of stairs including switch back
of the exit. The seat or stairs, that is, those with a
platform can be folded rotation of 180 and spiral
staircases. Inclined movement
81
when not in use. platform lifts are usually used to

connect one or more floors or to
The Minimum width of the overcome split levels in existing
stairs should be 900 mm buildings.
to allow the installation of
the lift. Platform lifts can
be installed on all types of
stairs including switch back
stairs i.e. those with a
rotation of 180 and spiral
staircases.
1. CPWD should have this section incorporated as in HG and NBC.

2. Minimum dimensions of the platform should be revised in HG as per NBC.
3. ISO mentions about a condition where if driving, guiding or lifting mechanisms present hazards at the sides of a
platform, the mechanisms shall be guarded to protect the users. This should be incorporated in all the Indian
Standards.
82
12 Unisex Accessible Toilets
Minimum Size of the 2200 mm (depth as 2200 mm (as per 2000 mm (as per 1700mm width and
unisex accessible per diagram in Page diagram 8.2, it is figure 85, it is width) x 2200 mm depth.
toilet (Corner toilet) 22) x 1750 mm width) x 2000 mm (as 2200 mm (as per
(diagram does not per diagram 8.2, it is figure 85, it is depth).
match with the depth).
dimension).
Minimum clear 1500 mm x 1500 mm 1800 mm x 1800 mm 1800 mm x 1800 mm 1500 mm X 1500
maneuvering space measured at 350 mm in front of the water in front of the water mm, except for Type
above finished floor closet and closet and C where 300 mm
level. wash basin. wash basin. under the washbasin
is accepted as part of
the total
maneuvering space.
Height of WC from the 380 mm - 450 mm. 450 mm - 480 mm. 450 mm - 480 mm. 400 mm - 480 mm
floor For children
between 205 mm -
380 mm.
(National regulations
may give the most
convenient and
appropriate height
for an accessible
toilet seat at a
83
national level.)
Minimum distance 650 mm - 800 mm.

from the edge of the
toilet seat to the rear
wall
Distance from the As per diagram on 460 mm to 480 mm. 460 mm to 480 mm 450 mm.
adjacent wall to the page 22, it is 500 mm. (Fig. 85 is showing 500 For children 305 mm
centre line of the WC (It is not mentioned in mm). to 380 mm.
the text).
Backrest Water closets shall be Have a suitable back Have a suitable back If a backrest is
equipped with a back support to reduce the support to reduce the provided, the
support such as a seat chance of imbalance or chance of imbalance or distance from the
lid and seats shall not injury caused by injury caused by seat to the backrest
be spring- actuated. leaning against leaning against should range
exposed valves or exposed valves or between 500 mm
pipes. pipes. and 550 mm.
Minimum floor space Not mentioned. It is 1350 mm depth and 1350 mm depth and Minimum free
on the transfer side given in the diagram in 900 mm width, both in 900 mm width, both in clearance beside the
adjacent to WC and in Page 22 and there front and on the front and on the toilet seat shall be
front seems to be some transfer side, adjacent transfer side, adjacent 900 mm; 1200 mm
error there. to the water to the water is preferred for
closet. closet. lateral transfer and
assistance.
84
Grab bar
Distance from WC A hinged type A hinged type On both sides of a

horizontal grab bar horizontal grab bar toilet, a grab rail
should be installed should be installed (whether drop-down
adjacent to the water adjacent to the water or fixed to the wall)
closet; at a distance of closet; at a distance of shall be provided at a
320 mm from the 320 mm from the distance between
centre-line of the WC. centre-line of the WC. 300 mm to 350 mm
from the centre of
the toilet.
Height of the grab bar The mounting height is Be mounted at a Be mounted at a Grab rails shall be
not given in the text. height height between 200 provided at a height
There are some between 200 mm and mm and 250 mm from of 200 mm to 300
dimensions mentioned 250 mm from the the water closet seat. mm above the toilet
in the diagram which is water closet seat. seat.
not clear.
Vertical and The two grab rails One L-shape grab bar: One L-shape grab bar, Vertical grab rail shall
horizontal /L shaped constructed in one 600 mm long 600 mm long exceed from the
grab bars continuous piece is horizontal and 700 mm horizontal and 700 mm horizontal grab rail to
acceptable. long vertical long vertical shall be a height of 1700 mm
should be mounted on mounted on the side above floor level. The
the side wall closest to wall closest to the grab rail shall extend
the water closet. water closet. a distance of
minimum 150 mm to
the front edge of the
85
toilet seat.
The horizontal grab
rail shall be
uninterrupted for its
full length.
Foldable/hinged grab There shall be one A hinged type A hinged type On the sides where a
bars folding grab rail on the horizontal grab bar horizontal grab bar lateral transfer is
wide side of the cubicle should be installed shall be installed possible, a foldable
adjacent to the water adjacent to the water adjacent to the water grab rail (drop-down
closet at a height closet between closet, between support rail) shall be
between 725 mm to heights of 200 mm - heights of 200 mm - provided at a height
750 mm above the 250 mm from the top 250 mm from the top of 200 mm to
finished floor level of the water closet seat of the water closet 300 mm above the
when lowered from the and extending 100 to seat, and extending toilet seat. The
wall. 150 mm beyond the 100 to 150 mm beyond length of the foldable
front of the water the front of the water grab rail should
closet. closet. overlap the front
edge of the toilet
seat in between 100
mm and 250 mm.
The positioning of a
foldable grab rail
should allow access
from a wheelchair
when folded up.
For children:
The grab rail height
86
for toilets for children

should be between
510 mm to 635 mm.
Dimension of grab bar 35 mm - 500 mm in 38 mm - 45 mm in 38 mm - 45 mm in 35 mm - 50 mm

external diameter. diameter. diameter. diameter.
Minimum grip space 30 mm. 50 mm. 50 mm. 40 mm.

from the wall
Capacity to take static 150 kg. 250 kg. 250 kg. Minimum 1 kN force
load from any direction,
with 1.7 kN as a
recommendation.
Toilet door Door shall be installed The toilet door should The toilet door shall The door shall have
with push-type or be either an outward either be an outward an unobstructed
lever-type handles and opening door or two- opening door or two width of at least 800
capable of being easily way opening door or a way opening door or a mm, with minimum
opened/closed by one sliding type and should sliding type and shall 850 mm as a
hand. Any door provide a clear opening provide a clear opening recommended value,
fastening shall be width of at least 900 width of at least 900 and it shall be easy
capable of being mm. mm. It shall be to open and close.
released from the Be provided with a provided with a The door should open
outside in the event of horizontal pull-bar, at horizontal pull-bar, at outwards. If the door
an emergency. No coin least 600 mm long, on least 600 mm long, on opens inwards, there
box shall be affixed to the inside of the door, the inside of the door, shall be a way to
the door of the cubicle. located so that it is located so that it is open the door, or
87
The length of grab rail 130 mm from the 130 mm from the remove it, from the
shall not be less than hinged side of the door hinged side of the door outside. There should
600 mm. There shall and at a height of and at a height of be no openings under
be one grab rail fixed 1000 mm. 1000 mm. It shall be or above the door. A
on each of both the Be capable of being capable of being locked horizontal pull handle
inner and outer locked from the inside from the inside by a on outward opening
surfaces of the cubicle by a device that is device that is operable doors shall be
door; which shall not operable by one hand, by one hand, activated provided at a height
be less than 32 mm activated by a force by a force not more of 700 mm above the
and not more than 40 not more than 22 N than 20 N and which floor.
mm in external and which does not does not require fine
diameter. require fine finger finger control, tight
control, tight grasping, grasping, pinching or
pinching or twisting of twisting of the wrist.
the wrist.
Toilet Paper It can be seen in the 280 mm above the WC 280 mm above the WC Dispensers for toilet
photo on Page 22 (as per diagram on (as per diagram on paper shall be
(below the grab rail) page 67). page 162). reachable from the
but not in text or in the toilet seat, either
figure/diagram. under the grab rail or
on the side-wall of a
corner toilet at a
height between 600
mm to 700 mm from
the floor.
Towel, soap - Towel and soap Towel and soap Soap dispenser 800
88
dispensers and hand dispensers, hand dryer dispensers, hand dryer mm to 1100 mm
dryer and waste bin and waste bin above floor; towels
positioned such that positioned such that or dryer 800 mm to
the operable parts and the operable parts and 1100 mm above
controls are between controls are between floor. Non-touch soap
800 mm and 1000 mm 800 mm and 1000 mm dispensers are
from the floor. from the floor. preferred.
- Accessories should be Accessories shall be
placed in close placed in close
proximity to the basin, proximity to the basin,
to avoid a person with to avoid a person with
wet hands wheeling a wet hands wheeling a
chair. chair.
Cloth hook Mounted on a side wall Mounted on a side wall Should be set at
not more than 1200 not more than 1200 heights of 1050 mm
mm from the floor and mm from the floor and and 1400 mm.
projecting not more projecting not more
than 40 mm from the than 40 mm from the
wall. wall.
Other fittings Needle boxes to

safely dispose of
needles (for
example, from
diabetes patients)
should be provided.
If a sanitary bin is
89
supplied, it should be
reachable from the
toilet seat. Sanitary
bins with non-touch
opening devices are
preferred.
Emergency call bell An emergency call bell An emergency alarm An emergency alarm An assistance alarm,
shall be equipped with cum call switch should cum call switch shall which can be reached
a weatherproof push be provided within be provided within from changing or
button for activating easy reach on the wall easy reach on the wall shower seats, from
the alarm. The push near water closet at near water closet at the WC and by a
button shall be two levels: at 300 mm two levels: at 300 mm person lying on the
installed below the and 900 mm from the and 900 mm from the floor, shall be
vertical grab rail inside floor level to allow user floor level to allow user provided in all
the W.C. cubicle to call for help in case to call for help in case accessible toilets and
adjacent to the water of an emergency. of an emergency. accessible sanitary
closet at a height rooms. This alarm
between 600mm to should be connected
650mm above the to an emergency help
finished floor level. point, or where a
A notice Emergency member of staff can
Call in English, Hindi assist.
and Braille shall be Visual and audible
fitted next to the feedback should be
emergency provided to indicate
Pushbutton. The alarm that, when the alarm
shall be installed has been operated,
90
outside the toilet or a the emergency

buzzer assistance call has
shall be fitted in the been acknowledged
caretakers office. and action has been
taken.
It should take the
form of a pull cord,
coloured red, with
two red bangles of 50
mm diameter, one
set at a height
between 800 mm
and 1100 mm and
the other set at 100
mm above floor level.
A reset control shall
be provided for use if
the alarm is activated
by mistake. It shall
be reachable from a
wheelchair and,
where relevant, from
the WC, the tip-up
seat in a shower or
changing facility, or
the bed in an
accessible bedroom.
The reset control
91
shall be easy to
operate and located
with its bottom edge
between 800 mm
and 1100 mm above
floor level.
For a corner toilet
room, the reset
button should be
above the fixed
horizontal grab rail
beside the toilet
paper holder.
The marking of the
reset control shall be
both visible and
tactile.
Emergency warning - There should be a There shall be a visual A visual emergency

alarm visual emergency emergency alarm in alarm shall be
alarm in the toilet. the toilet. provided to alert
people who are deaf
or hard of hearing in
the event of an
emergency.
Flushing control Mounted on the wide Should either be lever Shall either be lever
side of the cubicle at a type or automatic, and type or automatic, and
92
height between 600 located on the located on the transfer

mm to 1050 mm transfer side of the side of the water
above the finished water closet. The flush closet. The flush
floor level and shall be control should not be control shall not be
hand-operated or located more than located more than
automatic. Hand 1000 mm from the 1000 mm from the
operated controls shall floor. floor.
be capable of being
operated with one
hand and shall not
require
tight grasping,
pinching or twisting of
the wrist. The force
required shall not be
greater than 22 N.
Colour contrast There should be Use of the same colour Fixtures and fittings
adequate colour and everywhere, for in sanitary facilities
tonal contrast between example, white basins should visually
the fixtures, walls and and white tiles, etc contrast with the
the flooring. This is to shall be avoided and items and surface on
enable easy colour and tonal which they are
recognition by persons contrast should be positioned.
with visual used to differentiate
impairments. elements in the
environment.
93
Lighting/ illumination The minimum

illumination
measured at 800 mm
above floor level shall
be 200 lux in the
area of the
washbasin.
Light switches should
be fixed inside all
accessible toilet
cubicles or the light
should automatically
switch on when
someone enters the
room. Timed light
switches should not
be installed or used.
Water supply/ hand- An independent

held shower (health water supply (hand-
faucet) held shower) shall be
provided next to the
toilet. An alternative
such as a
combination bidet
and rear side
pan/built-in bidet can
be installed.
94
1. Types of Toilets: ISO has given three types of toilets - A, B and C. Type A allows both right and left lateral transfers.
Types B and C only allow one side transfer. Indian Guidelines (CPWD, HG and NBC) have given requirements only for
toilets that allow one side transfer (Corner toilet).
2. Dimensions of corner toilet: There are different dimensions for corner toilets in different Guidelines. CPWD provides
2200 mm x 1750 mm; HG gives 2200 mm x 2000 mm, NBC says 2000 mm x 2200 mm. ISO mentions 1700 mm
width X 2200 mm depth. There seems to be an error in the diagram of HG (Figure 8.2), the measurements for depth
and width seems to have got interchanged. This should be corrected in the diagram. Moreover, the Indian Standards
should specify in the text as to which is width and which is depth. CPWD should revise the dimensions based on NBC.
3. Maneuvering Space: CPWD should revise its specifications as per HG and NBC.
4. Height of WC from floor: NBC and HG are the same. ISO also has given dimensions for accessibility of toilet for
children. CPWD should revise the dimensions as per NBC and HG. Indian Standards should add the specifications for
children.
5. Distance between adjacent wall and centre line of WC: CPWD gives the distance as 500 mm. This should be in
synchronised with NBC and HG which is 460-480 mm.
6. Backrest: CPWD, HG and NBC should mention the distance from the seat to the backrest as given in the ISO.
7. Minimum floor space adjacent to WC: CPWD should specify the space requirement in text and the diagram should
match the information given in text. The dimension should be the same as HG and NBC.
8. Vertical grab bar: As per ISO, the grab bar should end at 1700 mm from finished floor level. According to HG and
NBC the vertical grab bar should end at 700 mm from the horizontal grab bar (which would work out to 1350 mm
from floor level). This should be increased to match the ISO Standard to enable better grip while standing.
9. The foldable grab bars: In CPWD, only mounting height is mentioned but not the extended part beyond the WC. This
should be incorporated as per NBC and HG. All Indian Standards should have specification for children.
10. Dimension of grab bars: In CPWD, external diameter has been given as 35 - 500 mm. (There is an error in the upper
limit.) This should be corrected as HG and NBC (38 -45 mm).
95
11. Minimum grip space from the wall: CPWD should revise the Standard from 30 mm to 50 mm to make it same as HG
and NBC Standards.
12. Capacity to take static load: CPWD should revise the Standard from 150 kg to 250 kg to make it in line with HG and
NBC Standards.
13. Toilet door: The mounting height of horizontal pull bar on the toilet door is given as 1000 mm in HG and NBC
whereas the height given in ISO is 700 mm. The HG and NBC Guidelines seem high. Either it should be revised as
per ISO or should be based on anthropometrics of Indian population with disability. The minimum force required for
opening the door in HG should be revised from 22 N to 20 N to make it in line with NBC. CPWD should add these
points as given in HG and NBC.
14. Toilet paper: The specifications for placement of toilet paper dispenser are not given in text in Indian Guidelines
though given in the diagrams. The specifications should also be given in the text as given in ISO.
15. Accessories: CPWD should add specifications for the placement of towel, cloth hook, hand dryer, soap dispenser, etc.
In ISO, it says non touch soap dispensers are preferred. This should be incorporated in Indian Standards as well. The
point related needle box and sanitary bin given in ISO should be included in Indian Standards.
16. Emergency call bell: ISO has covered this aspect in detail. Indian Standards should adopt the specifications from the
ISO.
17. Emergency warning alarm: CPWD should add this point.
18. Flushing Control: It should be standardised in Indian Guidelines. CPWD should revise the Standard for the placement
of flushing control as per HG and NBC. HG and NBC should add the point related to force required to operate the
flush as per CPWD.
19. Colour contrast: CPWD should mention regarding colour contrast between fixtures, wall and flooring.
20. Lighting: Indian Standards should add minimum illumination levels as per given in ISO.
21. Health faucet: The Indian Standards should mention the provision for hand held shower (health faucet) next to WC.
96
13 Washbasin
Height of the Not higher than 750 mm 850 mm. 800 mm and 840 mm 750 mm to 850 mm from the floor.
washbasin 750 mm above from the floor. Be
(rim/ top the finished floor mounted such that the The differences in stature of the
edge) level. minimum distance population worldwide may require
between the centreline lower or higher heights of
of the fixture and the washbasins. National regulations
side wall is 460 mm. may give the most convenient and
appropriate height for washbasins
at a national level.
Knee and A clearance of Knee clearance: 200 Knee space of at least knee clearance: between 650 mm
toe Space 550 mm shall be mm. 750 mm wide by 200 and 700 mm high and 200 mm
maintained from Foot clearance: 230 mm deep by 680 mm deep.
the finished floor mm. high. Toe clearance of at least 300 mm.
level to the Toe space of at least
bottom of the 750 mm wide by 230
apron. mm deep by 230 mm
high.
Maneuvering 1800 mm x 1800 mm 900 mm wide by 1200 In front of the washbasin, space
space in front in front. mm deep, of which a should allow for a frontal or oblique
of washbasin maximum of 480 mm approach by a wheelchair.
in depth may be under
the wash basin.
Reach to the The front edge of the washbasin
97
tap shall be located within a distance of

350 mm to 600 mm from the wall.
The reaching distance to the tap
control shall be a maximum of 300
mm.
Dimensions of 400 mm x 200 mm 400 mm x 200 mm 200 mm x 400 mm at a height of

shelf fixed at a height of fixed at a height of 850 mm.
between 900 mm and between 900 mm and
1000 mm from the 1000 mm from the
floor. floor.
Mirror The bottom edge at a The bottom edge at a Top height min. 1900 mm, bottom
height of not more height of not more than height max. 900 mm above floor.
than 1000 mm from 1000 mm from the floor
the floor and mirror as shown in the figure;
should be tilted at an and mirror shall be tilted
angle of 30 degree for at an angle of 30 for
better visibility of better visibility of
wheelchair user wheelchair user.
Care shall be taken in
placing mirrors and
lights to avoid confusion
and dazzling for visually
impaired users.
98
1. Height, knee and toe space of washbasin: HG and CPWD should be revised as per NBC.
2. Reach to the tap: This point should be added in all Indian Standards as per ISO.
3. Shelf and mirror: CPWD should include this point as other Standards.
4. Mirror: The mounting height of mirror should be as per ISO (i.e. bottom height 900 mm).
99
14 Taps
Type of taps / Automatic Hand-operated or Hand-operated or Taps should be mixer,

controls or lever control electronically controlled. electronically controlled lever or sensor operated
type without Hand-operated controls Hand-operated controls to aid operation.
spring loading. should: shall:
Tap shall not - be operable by one hand; - Be operable by one hand;
require - require no tight grasping, -Require no tight grasping,
tight grasping, pinching or twisting of the pinching or twisting of the
pinching or wrist; wrist
twisting of the have handles of lever type Have handles of lever type
wrist. (not self-closing) operable (not self-closing) operable
with a closed fist. with a closed fist.
Force required Not greater than Less than 22 N to activate. Less than 20 N to activate.
22 N.
Colour/tactile Colour-contrasted with the Colour-contrasted with the

surrounding face plate panel surrounding face plate
and the face plate should panel and the face plate
similarly contrast with the shall similarly contrast with
background wall on which it the background wall on
is mounted. which it is mounted.
Hot and cold water taps

should be identifiable by
both colour and tactile
markings.
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Information Preferably be in relief preferably be in relief
(embossed letters/ symbols (embossed letters/symbols
accompanied with Braille accompanied with Braille
information) for tactile information) for tactile
reading. reading.
Temperature A thermostat be installed

to limit the temperature
of the hot water to a
maximum of 40 C in
order to prevent
scalding.
1. Force required to operate: There should be standardisation. 20 N as given in NBC and should be incorporated in all the
Indian Standards.
2. Colour and tactile indicators: CPWD and HG should include the points given in NBC.
3. Temperature: The point related to installing thermostat as given in ISO should be incorporated in all Indian Standards.
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15 Urinals

Approach and Not less than 800 A clear floor space 760 mm by A clear floor space 760 mm by Clear floor area in
maneuvering mm wide x 1500 1220 mm should be provided 1220 mm shall be provided in front of the urinal of
space mm deep in front. in front of urinals to allow front of urinals to allow forward at least 750 mm
forward approach. Urinal approach. Urinal shields (that wide and 1200 mm
shields (that do not extend do not extend beyond the front deep.
beyond the front edge of the edge of the urinal rim) may be
urinal rim) may be provided provided with 735 mm
with 735 mm clearance clearance between them.
between them.
Height of Be wall hung urinal Urinals shall be stall-type or Urinals shall be stall-type or When wall hung
urinal (height with a front rim not wall-hung, with an elongated wall-hung, with an elongated urinals are fitted in
to the bottom higher than 400 rim at a maximum of 430 mm rim at a maximum of 430 mm the washroom, at
rim) mm. above the finish floor. above the finish floor. least one at
following heights
should be provided:
1. 600 mm-750
mm.
2. 380 mm and
3. 500 mm
Grab bars Have vertical grab Installed on each side and in installed on each side and in Both Urinals (for
rails of 600 the front of the urinal to the front of the urinal to wheelchair users
mm length on both support ambulant persons with support ambulant persons with and standing
sides at a height of disabilities. The front bar is to disabilities (for example, crutch persons) should be
1200 mm above the provide chest support; the users). The front bar is to equipped with a
finished floor level sidebars are for the user to provide chest support; the vertical grab rail.
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for use by persons hold on to while standing. sidebars are for the user to
with ambulant hold on to while standing.
disabilities.
Flush control Located not more than 1200 Located not more than 1200
mm from the floor. mm from the floor.
Colour contrast There should be adequate Use of the same colour Urinals should
colour and tonal contrast everywhere, for example, contrast visually
between the fixtures, walls and white basins and white tiles, with the wall to
the flooring. This is to enable etc shall be avoided and colour which they are
easy recognition by persons and tonal contrast should be attached.
with visual impairments. used to differentiate elements
in the environment.
1. Approach and maneuvering space: CPWD should revise the Standards based on HG and NBC.
2. Height of urinal (height to the bottom rim): ISO mentions installing urinals at 3 different heights. This should be
incorporated in Indian Standards.
3. Grab bars: CPWD should add the point related to providing chest support from HG and NBC.
4. Flush control and colour contrast: These should be added in CPWD.
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16 WC Compartments for Ambulant Disabled People
CPWD HG NBC ISO
- The dimensions are only given in the The dimensions are only given in the Toilet seat height, depth and
diagram and not in text. diagram and not in text. distance to wall should
Based on information in diagram some of Based on information in diagram some of comply with 26.6 (i.e same
the dimensions are given below: WC the dimensions are given below: WC as that for the unisex toilet,
height is 500 mm; horizontal grab rail height is 500 mm; horizontal grab rail i.e between 400 mm and
280 mm above WC; Vertical grab rail is 280 mm above WC; Vertical grab rail is 480 mm).
835 to 1295 mm above floor; pull rail on 835 to 1295 mm above floor; pull rail on Clear manoeuvring space in
door is 1070 mm above floor; 900 mm is door is 1070 mm above floor; 900 mm is front of the toilet should be
width of the toilet. width of the toilet. minimum 900 mm 900 mm,
the door should open
outwards, with a minimum.
Unobstructed width of 800
mm.
Grab rails on both sides of
toilet,
independent water supply
beside toilet seat, and floor
drain where necessary.
1. HG and NBC should give the specifications in the text also apart from diagram. CPWD should add this section.
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17 Bathrooms and Showers

Size of shower Shower Shower cubicle: 2000 Shower cubicles: Wet showering area:
compartments/cubicle - compartment : mm x 2200 mm. 2000 mm x 2200 mm. 900 mm x 1300 mm,
minimum internal 1500 mm x 900 - A toilet cum shower A toilet cum shower with a transfer area of
dimensions mm. room: 2400 mm x room: also 900 mm x 1300
2500 mm 2400 mm x 2500 mm. mm.
Gradient The floor in the shower
recess shall have a
gradient between 1:50
and 1:60 sloping to a
floor drain. The area
outside the shower
recess shall have a
gradient between 1:70
and 1:80 draining
towards the shower
recess. The transition
into the shower recess
shall be level without a
step down or a kerb.
Waste outlet The waste outlet should
be centrally located and
be a round type outlet,
not a channel type, to
ensure the stability of
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the shower chair.
Minimum clear floor The minimum clear The minimum clear floor The minimum clear floor A free space at least
space floor space in front space in front of the space in front of the 1300 mm 900 mm shall
of the shower shower entrance should shower entrance shall be be provided on the clear
entrance shall be be 1350 mm x 900 mm 1350 mm x 900 mm with side of the foldable seat,
1500 mm x 900 with the 1350 mm the 1350 mm dimension to allow access from a
mm with the 1500 dimension parallel to the parallel to the shower wheelchair, in addition
mm dimension shower entrance. The entrance. The floor of the to the maneuvering
parallel to the floor of the shower shower shall be slip- space of 1500 mm. The
shower entrance. should be slip resistant. resistant even when wet. screening of a shower
recess shall be either a
curtain or a door system
that maintains the
required circulation and
maneuvering space and
does not interfere with
the level entry.
Grab rails for shower Be L-shaped or two -Have one L-shaped bar Have one L-shaped bar Grab rails shall be set
compartments bars arranged in or two grab bars in L- or two grab bars in L- according to 26.7 (as for
L-shaped shaped configuration shaped configuration the unisex toilet) and
configuration and between 700 mm between 700 mm and Figure 45 where a
-Not be less than and 800 mm from the 800 mm from the shower shower room diagram is
750 mm by 900 shower floor. Have one floor as shown in the shown. As per the
mm in length; grab bar at least 750 figure. diagram it is not L
-Be installed at a mm long installed Have one grab bar at shaped. There are
height between vertically with another least 750 mm long separate bars). The
700 mm and at least 900 mm long installed vertically with vertical grab rail holds
800 mm from the mounted horizontally. another at least 900 mm the flexible shower
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shower floor; and long mounted head.
-Be capable of horizontally.
carrying a static
load of 150 kg.
Position of shower seat Be installed at a The shower seat should The shower seat shall be When folded down, have
height between be positioned such that positioned such that the its top surface set
430 mm and 480 the distance between distance between the between 400 mm and
mm from the top the centerline of the centerline of the water 480 mm above floor
of the seat to the water closet and the closet and the adjacent level and spaced a
finished floor level. adjacent wall is 450 mm wall is 450 mm to 480 maximum of 40 mm
to 480 mm, and the mm, and the distance from the rear wall.
distance between front between front edge of
edge of the water closet the water closet and the
and the rear wall is 650 rear wall is 650 mm. The
mm. The top of the top of the shower seat
shower seat should be shall be at a height of
at a height of 450 - 480 450 - 480 mm
mm from the floor. from the floor.
Size of shower seat Size shall not be Have a minimum Have a minimum Minimum size of shower
less than 550 mm dimension of 400 mm dimension of 400 mm seat shall be 450 mm x
in width and 400 wide extending the full wide extending the full 450 mm.
mm in depth. depth of the cubicle, depth of the cubicle, less
less a space required for a space required for the
the shower curtain. shower curtain.
Other features of Have a rounded - A wall mounted -A wall mounted shower The foldable seat shall
shower seat edge and be self- shower seat, preferably seat, preferably fold up have the following
draining. fold up kind. kind. features:
Be installed on the - Be self-draining, non- -Be self-draining, non- Self-draining; slip-
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wall next to the slip and with rounded slip and with rounded resistant and stable;
taps and controls. edge; edge; foldable in an upwards
- Be on the wall nearest - Be on the wall nearest direction; when folded,
to the controls; to the controls;. it shall not present a
- Enclosures for the -Enclosures for the hazard and the grab rail
shower cubicle shall not shower cubicle shall not shall be accessible from
obstruct transfer from obstruct transfer from the foldable seat.
wheelchair onto shower wheelchair The foldable seat should
seat. onto shower seat. have the following
features:
rounded front corners
(radius 10 mm to 15
mm), rounded top
edges (minimum radius
of 2 mm to 3 mm). The
foldable seat should
preferably be height
adjustable.
Shower heads and Be of the hand- The adjustable and The adjustable and A hand held detachable
controls held type. detachable shower head detachable shower head shower head shall be
(telephone shower/ (telephone shower/hand- provided with a flexible
Be provided with a hand-held shower), with held shower), with a hose of minimum length
hose not less than a minimally 1500 mm minimally 1500 mm long 1200 mm, and it shall
1500 mm in long hose, should be hose, shall be installed be able to reach within
length. installed between 800 between 800 mm and 100 mm of the shower
Be provided with a mm and 1200 mm from 1200 mm from the floor. floor.
wall mounting the floor. All shower controls shall
bracket to allow All shower controls be at a distance of 500
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use in a fixed should be at a distance mm from the rear wall.
position. of 500 mm from the Shower controls shall be
Where shower rear wall. installed between 750
heads are mounted -Shower controls should mm to 1000 mm from
on a be installed between the floor.
vertical bar, the 750 mm to 1000 mm
bar shall have a from the floor.
minimum length of
500 mm with the
lower end not less
than 450 mm
above the
finished floor level.
Shelf A shelf should be A shelf shall be provided
provided for toiletries for toiletries between
between 400-800 mm. 400-800 mm.
1. Size of shower compartments: CPWD should revise the Standards based on HG and NBC.
2. Surface and gradient: ISO mentions that the transition into the shower recess shall be level without a step down or a
kerb and it also specifies the gradient. These should be added in the Indian Standards.
3. Waste outlet: The point related waste outlet should be included in Indian Standards.
4. Grab rails for shower compartments: CPWD should incorporate points related to dimensions of grab bars from HG and
NBC. HG and NBC should add the point related to the strength of grab bars.
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5. Position of shower seat: CPWD should make the specifications same as HG and NBC. ISO has given that it should be
placed 40 mm from the rear wall, which should be incorporated in the Indian Standards. Also, the term water closet
should be replaced with shower seat.
6. Size of shower seat: HG and NBC mention that it should, be 400 mm wide extending the full depth of the cubicle.
However, the diagram is showing L- shaped shower seat (Fig 95 of NBC). This should be specified with exact
dimensions in the text and diagram. The detailing of shower seat like the rounded front corners (radius 10 mm to 15
mm), rounded top edges (minimum radius of 2 mm to 3 mm). The foldable seat should preferably be height
adjustable. These should be added in Indian Standards.
7. Shower controls: CPWD should incorporate points from HG and NBC.
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18 Emergency Evacuation Needs

General Available technologies enable
(warning warnings to be communicated
systems) simultaneously by sounder, light
strobe, voice message and individual
tactile sensation by vibration.
Non Non auditory alarms (visual Non-auditory alarms (visual or Visual strobe alarms should be
auditory or sensory) to alert persons sensory) that include flashing provided, particularly in isolated
alarms with hearing impairments beacons, to alert persons with areas (bathrooms, meeting rooms)
should be installed at visible hearing impairments shall be and noisy areas. Room layouts,
locations in all areas that the installed at visible locations in lighting levels and furniture
building users may visit all areas that the building users arrangements shall be considered to
(including toilet areas, may visit (including toilet ensure that these alarms are visible.
storerooms etc.). Non-auditory areas, storerooms, etc). A strobe frequency of 0.5 Hz 4 Hz
alarms include flashing minimizes the risk of triggering a
beacons. reaction from a person with epilepsy.
Care should be taken to ensure that
overlapping strobes do not combine
to result in a higher frequency of
flashing. Vibrating devices such as
pagers or mobile phones can be
integrated with alarm systems to
provide an individual alarm.
A larger number of strobes/beacons
with low output should be specified
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never a small number of
strobes/beacons with high output as
these produce glare causing
confusion and disorientation among
building users. Adapt light output of
strobes/beacons to suit the use of
particular areas.
For light strobes/beacons, a slow
rate of flash should be ensured (e.g.
once every two seconds) in order to
avoid epileptic seizures. Most
importantly, the flash of one
strobe/beacon should be
synchronized with the flashes of all
other light strobes/beacons in view.
Auditory Audible alarms with Voice Audible alarms with voice Acoustic warning systems:
warning Instructions should be installed instructions shall be installed A larger number of sounders
systems that can help guide that may help guide them to between 85 dB to 95 dB with low
them to the nearest emergency the nearest emergency exit. As output should be specified never a
exit. As an alternative to the an alternative to the pre- small number of sounders with high
pre-recorded messages, these recorded messages, these output which only leads to confusion
alarms may be connected to alarms shall be connected to and disorientation among building
central control room for on-the the central control room for on users. Vocal messages should be
spot broadcasts. the-spot broadcasts. short and should contain appropriate
warning information which is easily
assimilated. The speaker should be
distinct and easy to understand. In
today's multi-cultural built
112
environment, messages should be
given in at least two different
languages.
Alarm Fire alarm boxes, emergency Fire alarm boxes,
panels call buttons and lighted panels emergency call buttons and
should be installed between lighted panels should be
heights of 800 mm and 1000 installed between heights of
mm from the finished floor 800 mm and 1000 mm from
surface. These should be the finished floor surface.
adequately contrasted in colour These shall be adequately
and tone from the background contrasted in colour and tone
wall and should be labelled with from the background wall and
raised letters and also in shall be labelled with raised
Braille. letters and also in Braille.
Lifts All lifts (elevators) in new buildings
should be capable of being used for
people evacuation in a fire
situation; lifts in existing buildings,
when being replaced or undergoing a
major overhaul, should be made
capable of being used for people
evacuation in a fire situation.
Alarm Fire alarm boxes, emergency Fire alarm boxes,
panels call buttons and lighted panels emergency call buttons and
should be installed between lighted panels should be
heights of 800 mm and 1000 installed between heights of
mm from the finished floor 800 mm and 1000 mm from
113
surface. These should be the finished floor surface.
adequately contrasted in colour These shall
and tone from the background be adequately contrasted in
wall and should be labelled with colour and tone from the
raised letters and also in background wall and shall be
Braille. labelled with raised letters and
also in Braille.
Emergency In buildings or facilities, or In buildings or facilities, or It is essential that movement to and
evacuation portions of buildings or portions of buildings or facilities from each area of rescue assistance
routes facilities, required to be to which these requirements does not encroach on the evacuation
accessible, accessible means of apply, accessible means of travel space of the staircase. Door
egress shall be provided in the egress shall be provided in the leaves should also not open into or
same number as required for same number as required for over this evacuation space.
exits by local building/fire exits by local building/ fire Note: There may be competition
safety regulations (National safety regulations. These shall between staircase evacuees and
Disability Authority, 1998). meet the following people using the area of rescue
Designating evacuation routes requirements: assistance (and reduced ability to
shall be at least 1500 mm - Designated evacuation routes achieve objectives) if the evacuation
wide, to ensure a wheelchair shall be minimum 1500 mm travel space of the staircase overlaps
user and an able bodied person wide, to ensure that a the space used for movement to and
are able to pass each other wheelchair user and a non- from an area of rescue assistance.
along the route. The route disabled user are able to pass Fire evacuation routes, including all
should be free of any steps or each other along the route. The areas of rescue assistance, shall be
sudden changes in level route shall be free of any steps kept clear at all times. An area of
and should be kept free from or sudden level changes and rescue assistance should be of
obstacles such as bins and shall be kept free from sufficient size to cope with expected
flower pots etc. An exit obstacles such as bins and needs in a fire emergency. For
stairway to be considered part flower pots etc, all the time. example, if there are only two
114
of an accessible means of - An exit stairway considered a evacuation staircases on a floor in a
egress shall have a minimum part of an accessible means of building (on opposite sides), each
clear width of 1500 mm egress shall have a minimum area of rescue assistance should be
between handrails and shall clear width of 1500 mm designed to cater for the expected
either incorporate an area of between handrails and shall needs of the full floor.
refuge within an enlarged either incorporate an area of
floor-level landing or a refuge with an enlarged floor-
horizontal exit. Orientation and level landing or a horizontal
direction signs should be exit.
installed frequently along the - Orientation and direction
evacuation route and these signs shall be installed
should preferably be internally frequently along the evacuation
illuminated. route and these shall preferably
Whilst the emergency lighting be internally illuminated.
provided by traditional - The emergency lighting
overhead emergency lighting provided by traditional
luminaries, conforming to the overhead emergency lighting
Indian Standard IS: 9583- luminaries, conforming to the
1981: Indian Standard IS: 9583-
Exit signs shall be in 1981: - Exit signs shall also
accordance with IS: 4878- comply with the good practice.
1968. Exit signage should also Exit signage shall also be
be available in tactile format in available in tactile format in the
the evacuation route. evacuation route.
Note: Fireproof doors along NOTE Fireproof doors along
circulation paths that are not circulation paths that are not
exclusively egress routes exclusively egress routes
generally require a force generally require a force
greater than 25 N to operate, greater than 20 N to operate,
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rendering several disabled rendering several disabled
people dependent on others to people dependent on others to
negotiate these doors. Consider negotiate these doors.
holding the doors open with Doors which may be held open
magnetic catches or floor with magnetic catches or floor
springs that are connected springs that are connected
with the fire alarm system. with the fire alarm system,
may be considered.
Provision of Accessible refuge areas shall Accessible refuge areas shall An area of rescue assistance in a
refuge areas meet the following meet the following building should: be provided on
requirements: requirements: every floor of a building, adjoin
-Where a required exit from an - Where a required exit from an every evacuation staircase, include
occupiable level above or below occupiable level above or below space for persons in
a level of a level of wheelchairs, have good lighting and
accessible exit discharge is not accessible exit discharge is not be clearly indicated with good
accessible, refuge areas shall accessible, refuge areas shall signage, be fitted with an accessible
be provided on be provided on and reliable independent
each such level (in a number each such level (in a number communication system fitted at a
equal to that of inaccessible equal to that of inaccessible height of 800 mm to 1100 mm
required exits). required exits). above floor level, facilitating direct
-Every required area of refuge - Every required area of refuge contact with a person in the
is to be accessible from the shall be accessible from the designated control room for the
space it serves by space it serves by building, be of sufficient size for the
an accessible egress route. an accessible egress route. storage of an evacuation chair and a
-Every area of refuge shall - Every area of refuge shall manual fire alarm call point, a fire
have direct access to an exit have direct access to an exit evacuation supply kit containing, for
stairway. stairway. example, smoke hoods, suitable
-Each area of refuge must be - Each area of refuge shall be gloves to protect a person's hands
116
separated from the remainder separated from the remainder from debris when pushing his/her
of the story by a smoke barrier of the storey by a smoke manual wheelchair, etc.
having minimally one hour fire barrier having minimally one Note: Many commercially available
resistance rating. Each area of hour fire resistance rating. smoke hoods are advertised to
refuge is to be designed to Each area of refuge shall be provide protection from more fire
minimize the intrusion of designed to minimize the effects than they actually do
smoke. intrusion of smoke. provide.
-The size of the refuge to - The size of the refuge shall
provide at least two accessible provide at least two accessible
areas each being not less 750 areas each being
mm by 1200 mm. The area of not less than 750 mm by 1200
rescue assistance shall not mm. The area of rescue
encroach on any required exit assistance shall not
width. The total number of such encroach on any required exit
areas per story shall be not less width. The total number of such
than one for every 200 persons areas per
of calculated occupant load storey shall be not less than
served by the area of rescue one for every 200 persons of
assistance. calculated
-All stairs next to the refuge occupant load served by the
should have a clear width of area of rescue assistance.
1500 mm between the - All stairs next to the refuge
handrails. shall have a clear width of 1
-A method of two-way 500 mm between the
communication, with both handrails.
visible and audible signals, - A method of two-way
shall be provided between each communication, with both
area of rescue assistance and visible and audible signals,
the primary shall be provided between each
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entry. area of rescue assistance and
the primary
entry.
Signage Each area of rescue assistance Each area of rescue assistance Be marked with good signage.
shall be identified by a sign, shall be identified by a sign Communication systems at areas of
which states "REFUGE AREA" which reads REFUGE AREA rescue assistance should provide
and displays the international and displays the international visual feedback to people with
symbol of accessibility. symbol of accessibility. The hearing impairments that their
The sign should be illuminated signs shall be illuminated when location has been noted. The control
when exit sign illumination is exit sign illumination is point for the communication systems
required. required. Signage shall also be should be of a robust design to avoid
Signage should also be installed at all risk of confusion about the location
installed at all inaccessible exits inaccessible exits and where of building users. Where a signal
and where otherwise otherwise necessary to clearly board is used, this should be
necessary to clearly indicate indicate the direction to areas engraved or otherwise permanently
the direction to areas of rescue of rescue assistance. In each marked to identify the particular
assistance. area of rescue assistance, building location, and should not rely
In each area of rescue instructions on the use of the on sticky labels or translation tables.
assistance, instructions on the area under emergency
use of the area under conditions shall be posted
emergency conditions shall be adjoining the two-way
posted adjoining the two-way communication.
communication.
Assisted fire A fire defence plan elaborates A fire engineering strategy is needed
evacuation the particular fire engineering that will indicate what is required so
strategy strategy which has been that every occupant can be
developed for a specific protected from fire, from their
building. It is usually in hard location when fire begins through
118
copy and/or electronic format their evacuation and at their location
and comprises fire engineering after evacuation, in accordance with
drawings, descriptive text, fire accepted principles of fire evacuation
safety related product/system for all. Included in these principles
information, with supporting are that the features of the building
calculations and fire test data. should support successful evacuation
The fire defence plan shall and every occupant, whatever his or
demonstrate a proper her abilities, should be able to
consideration for the fire evacuate independently to the
safety, protection and maximum degree possible. However,
evacuation of the users of the independent evacuation may not be
building (occupants, visitors possible for all occupants,
and other users) and who may particularly in the case of existing
or may not have a health buildings. For those occupants who
condition or impairment. This need assisted evacuation, there
may be a requirement of should be a strategy for the
national legislation. provision of assisted evacuation, and
there may need to be areas of
rescue assistance.
Evacuation Evacuation chairs should be capable
chairs of: being safely and easily
operated; carrying people of high
weight (up to 150 kg); going up and
down staircases; travelling long
distances horizontally and externally.
119
1. Indian Standards should mention all the available technologies, as in ISO (example, individual tactile sensation by
vibration).
2. Non auditory and auditory alarms: It is well detailed in ISO and Indian Standards should incorporate them.
3. Alarm panel: It should be included in CPWD.
4. Lifts: ISO mentions that all new lifts should be used for evacuation of people with disabilities. It should be
incorporated in all Indian Standards.
5. Emergency Evacuation Routes: This has been detailed in NBC and HG. HG uses the term, able bodied. It should be
changed to non disabled people. CPWD should add this point.
6. Force required to open fire door: HG mentions 25 N and NBC 20 N as the force required to open the fire door. HG
should change it to 20 N and CPWD should include this point.
7. Refuge area: ISO has a few additional points like providing sufficient size for the storage of an evacuation chair,
manual fire alarm call point, a fire evacuation supply kit containing, for example, smoke hoods, etc. Thses should be
added in Indian Standards.
8. Assisted fire evacuation strategy: ISO mentions that a strategy should be prepared for occupants who need assisted
evacuation. This is mentioned in NBC as a fire defence plan. It should be incorporated in HG and CPWD as well.
9. Signage: ISO mentions, Where a signal board is used, this should be engraved or otherwise permanently marked to
identify the particular building location, and should not rely on sticky labels or translation tables. This should be
incorporated in HG and NBC. CPWD needs to include the description on signage as in HG and NBC.
10. Evacuation chairs: This point needs to be included in all Indian Standards.
120
19 Signage
Location Sign should be erected A good signage A good signage scheme

to indicate clearly the scheme should cover should cover all public
locations of accessible all public buildings, buildings, spaces, and
routes through the spaces, and facilities facilities including
building. including transportation
transportation infrastructure and
infrastructure and should include locations
should include such as:
locations such as: a. Approach to
a. Approach to building building/facility/service;
/ facility / service b. Entrance/exit;
b. Entrance / exit c. Main lobby or
c. Main lobby or reception;
reception d. Public facilities such
d. Public facilities such as library, toilets etc;
as library, toilets etc. e. Departments and
e. Departments and offices;
offices f. Fire exits; and
f. Fire exits g. Parking and garages.
g. Parking and garages
Types of signages According to the According to the The main types of

purposes it serves, purposes it serves, signs are:
Signage can be of signage may be of -Orientation signs:
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following types: following types: sketches, plans,

a) Directional a) Directional; models, etc.
b) Information b) Information; -Directional signs:
c) Identification c) Identification; directional information
d) Instructive d) Instructive; and from point A to B.
e) Health and Safety e) Health and Safety. -Functional signs:
explanatory
information.
-Informative signs:
purely informative, for
example a name.
-Signs for emergency
exits
Placement / height Braille and tactile sign Wall-mounted signs/ Wall-mounted signs; Directional and
of the signs shall be installed on timetables/maps or timetables, maps or functional signs should
adjacent wall or door diagrams, should be diagrams, should be be located below 1600
of public toilet to centered around 1400 centered around 1400 mm. Signs should be
indicate whether the mm from the ground, mm from the ground, placed between 1200
toilet is for male, with the bottom edge with the bottom edge mm and 1600 mm
female or unisex. not less than 900 mm not less than 900 mm from the floor or
The sign shall be from the finished floor from the finished floor ground surface.
placed at 900 mm to level and the top edge level and the top edge Where it is likely that
1500 mm above the up to 1800 mm from up to 1800 mm from the sign may be
finished floor level. the finished floor level. the finished floor level. obstructed, as in a
If there is no door, the Duplicating detailed Position projecting or crowded situation, the
sign shall be provided signs and instructions, ceiling suspended signs signs shall be placed
on the wall in front of especially safety above head height at at a height of at least
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the toilets. A Braille notices, should be 2300 mm from floor 2100 mm above the
and tactile fire exit located at high and low level. floor. The same
map shall be provided levels, i.e. at 1600 to Top of building requirement applies to
directly above the call 1700mm and at 1000 directory signage, signs fixed to the
button of the to 1100mm. building direction ceiling or projecting
accessible lift in the Position projecting or signage and bulletin from walls. In that
lobby of the accessible ceiling suspended signs board signs shall be case, there should be
lift in a building if a fire above head height at 1800 mm from the two signs; one that
exit map for the use of 2300 mm from floor finished floor level. can be seen from a
the public is provided. level. Room number and distance above other
The map shall be Top of building identification signage to people's heads, one as
placed at 800 mm to directory signage, be at 1400 mm from a complement at the
1200 mm above the building direction the finished floor level height recommended
finished floor level. signage and bulletin to bottom of the signs, above. Where there is
board signs should be and 50 mm from the sufficient space, door
1800 mm from the door frame. In case of signs shall be located
finished floor level. the tile wall the closest on the latch side of the
Room number and horizontal joint should door within 50 mm to
identification signage be used. 100 mm of the
to be at 1400 mm from Detailed signs and architrave.
the finished floor level instructions, especially
to bottom of the sign, safety notices should
and 50 mm from the be located at both high
door frame In case of and low levels, that is,
tile wall, the closest at 1600 - 1700 mm and
horizontal joint should at 1000 -1100 mm.
be used.
123
Size of signage The height of signs Size of signage for Size of signage for The letter height
shall be not less than various viewing various viewing depends on the
the distances shall be as distances shall be as reading distance. A
following : below: Upto 7m : 60 x below: Upto 7 m: 60 x letter height between
- 60 mm for doors 60 mm; 7 - 8 m: 100 x 60 mm; 7 - 8 m: 100 x 20 mm and 30 mm for
-110 mm for corridors 100 mm; exceeding 8 100 mm; exceeding 8 each meter of viewing
- 200 mm for external m: 200 x 200 mm to m: 200 x 200 mm to distance is preferred.
use. 450 x 450 mm Size of 450 x 450 mm Size of The letter height
letters in signage for letters in signage for should not be less
various viewing various viewing than 15 mm.
distances shall be as distances shall be as
below: 2-3 m : 15 below: 2-3 m : 15 mm;
mm; 6 m: 20 mm; 8 6 m: 20 mm; 8 m: 25
m: 25 mm; 12 m: 40 mm; 12 m: 40 mm; 15
mm; 15m: 50 mm; 25 m: 50 mm; 25 mm: 80
mm: 80 mm; 35m: mm; 35m: 100 mm; 40
100 mm; 40 m: 130 m: 130 mm; More than
mm; More than 40 m: 40 m: 150 mm.
150 mm.
Character, content Lettering should be Sign typefaces must be Sign typefaces must be It is recommended
and layout, signage plain and legible, e.g. standard, legible and standard, legible and that messages of
typeface and style Arial (medium) using clearly discernible. clearly discernible. Only single words or groups
lower case letters Only Sans serif family Sans serif family of of words begin with an
except for initial of fonts are fonts are recommended upper case letter and
capitals. Corners of recommended such as such as Arial, Helvetica continue with lower
sign should be Arial, Helvetica Medium, Futura etc. case letters (sentence
rounded. Sign should Medium, Futura etc. Usage of too many type case).
124
be in raised characters. Usage of too many sizes on any one sign The words should not
The system of sign type sizes on any one should be avoided. be placed too close
used should be clear sign should be -Should be mix of together. Adequate
and consistent. avoided. upper and lower case height spacing should
- Should be mix of -Should be Left justified separate the lines.
upper and lower case -Should be Tactile Lines of text should be
-Should be Left embossed with Braille ranged from a vertical
justified -Minimal use of bold line (unjustified).
-Should be Tactile -Consistent font stem Signs with a single
embossed with Braille widths word may be centre
-Minimal use of bold -Avoid italics, script justified.
-Consistent font stem text, condensed text, The fonts should be
widths light stems. easy to read. The font
-Avoid italics, script style should be a sans
text, condensed text, serif font similar to
light stems. Helvetica or Arial
medium.
Signs should be
readily
understandable.
Colour and luminous Luminous contrast of The colour The colour Minimum difference in
contrast not less than 70% combinations combinations red/green LRV for small targets,
should be provided to red/green and and yellow/blue should such as signs and
differentiate the yellow/blue should not not be used in order to inscriptions, to
international symbol of be used in order to avoid confusing persons signboards, should be
accessibility from the avoid confusing who are colour blind. 60 points.
background, either persons Safety signs use Signboards should
125
light-on-dark or dark- who are colour blind. primarily red, yellow have a minimum
onlight. The commonly Safety signs use and green as difference in LRV from
employed colours are primarily red, yellow information colours. For the background of 30
white for the and green as other signs it is points.
wheelchair figure and information colours. preferable to use Red-green
blue for the For other signs it is Blue and White Colours. combination should be
background. preferable to use Blue - Text should contrast avoided. Difficulties in
and White Colours. with sign background perception can also
- Text should contrast - Sign should contrast appear when using the
with sign background with environment colours green, olive
-Sign should contrast - Light levels green, yellow, orange,
with environment (measured in Lux) pink and red. Refer to
- Light levels -70% contrast between the contrast section in
(measured in Lux) wall and sign panel B.7.
-70% contrast between -Avoid shades of
wall and sign panel colours
-Avoid shades of -Avoid using same
colours colours as safety signs
-Avoid using same -Maximum 5 colours
colours as safety signs on-reflective surface.
-Maximum 5 colours Table B-11.5.1.3 gives
Non-reflective surface. Typical Schedule of
Table 6-1 gives Typical Colour Contrast for
Schedule of Colour Signs.
Contrast for Signs.
Line spacing and - The spacing between The spacing between Adequate height
character proportion lines should be 50% of lines shall be 50 spacing should
126
and height the line height. A style percent of the line separate the lines.
should be chosen height. A style shall be Lines of text should be
because based on a chosen based on a ranged from a vertical
character width-to- character width-to- line (unjustified).
height ratio within 3:5 height ratio within 3:5
and 1:1 and the stroke and 1:1 and the stroke
width-to-height ratio width-to-height ratio
between 1:5 and 1:10. between 1:5 and 1:10.
It should be consistent It shall be consistent
for each sign. for each sign.
Pictograms Signs should be clear Ideally any signage Ideally any signage Universally accepted
and easy to read and should incorporate a should incorporate a pictograms should be
understand in order to combination of combination of lettering used. See ISO 7000,
assist persons with lettering and symbols. and symbols. ISO 7001, ISO 7010,
intellectual, cognitive ISO 16069 and ISO
and sensory 28564-1.
disabilities.
Braille Specification of Figure 6-21 gives Fig. 114 gives Braille Where an arrow is
Braille cells is shown in Braille specifications. Specification for used in the tactile
Figure 31. Not mentioned in text. Signage. Not sign, a small arrow
As per the table given, mentioned in text. shall be provided for
Dot Spacing: 2.5 mm; Braille readers.
character spacing 6.5 On signs with multiple
mm; Dot height 0.5 lines of text and
mm; line spacing 10.0 characters, a semi-
mm; Dot base circular Braille locator
127
diameter 1.5 mm. on the left margin

shall be horizontally
aligned with the first
line of Braille text.
Braille should be
raised, domed and
comfortable to touch.
It should be located 8
mm below the bottom
line of the text and be
left justified.
Tactile lettering Sign should be in Embossed letters, Embossed letters, Raised tactile letters
raised characters raised pictograms and raised pictograms and and graphical symbols,
raised arrows are raised arrows are height 15 mm to 55
tactile features that tactile features that mm, minimum relief
can be incorporated may be incorporated 0,8 mm (1 mm to 1,5
into signs, which can into signs, which may mm relief is
be particularly helpful be particularly helpful preferred).
to persons with visual to persons with visual
impairment. impairments.
Maps and models If a floor plan for the A tactile map or model A tactile map or model Only essential
use of the public is is a useful way of is a useful way of information should be
provided, Braille and providing information providing information included on a tactile
tactile floor plan to visually impaired to visually impaired map or floor plan.
showing the main people and people with people and people with Tactile maps shall be
entrance, public toilet hearing impairments hearing impairments angled between 20 to
128
and major common who wish to navigate who wish to navigate 30 from the
facilities shall be around a building. around a building. horizontal for ease of
provided in a place in reading, and the
that building which is bottom edge shall be
prominent to persons at a minimum height
with visual impairment. of 900 mm. The map
should have a level of
illumination between
350 lux and 450 lux,
without glare. The key
should be located at
the bottom of the map
and left justified. The
use of a recessed
Braille locator on the
left hand side should
assist in locating the
legend.
The map shall be
orientated with the
building.
Lighting/ signage - Signs should be well Signs shall have a matt Signs should be glare
illumination and evenly lit with finish, not a shiny or free when mounted.
uniform lighting over glossy one, and shall be This depends on how
the surface of the sign well and evenly lit with the sign is placed, the
of between 100 and uniform lighting over material and the
300 lux. Minimum the surface of the sign illumination. The
129
acceptable level of of between 100 and background, graphical

lighting for directional 300 lux. Minimum symbols, logos and
signage, maps and text acceptable level of other features shall be
panel is 200 lux. lighting for directional of a matte or low
signage, maps and text sheen finish. Signs can
panel is 200 lux. be luminescent or
artificially lit. The map
should have a level of
illumination between
350 lux and 450 lux,
without glare.
Graphical symbols - The International The international ISO/TC 145 Graphical

Symbol of Accessibility Symbol of Accessibility symbols has
must be displayed at shall be displayed at all developed the
all accessible accessible entrances following standards for
entrances. Similar and accessible facilities. graphical symbols:
guidelines refer to If an entrance is not ISO 7000, ISO 7001
elevators, accessible, directions to and ISO 7010. These
evacuation and refuge an accessible include graphical
areas, restrooms and route, including the symbols relevant to
bathing facilities. symbol, shall be accessibility and a
Symbols of provided. Similar selection is shown
accessibility are also guidelines refer to below (see Figures 66,
required to identify elevator, evacuation 67 and 71). Pages 105
volume control and refuge areas, and 106 give a list of
telephones, text restrooms and bathing accessible facilities for
telephones, and facilities. Symbols of which they can be
130
assistive listening accessibility are also graphically denoted.

systems. required to identify Graphical symbols on
volume control directional and door
telephones, text signs should be tactile,
telephones, and and should be
assistive listening accompanied by raised
systems. Preferred lettering and Braille.
colour is navy blue with The size of graphical
white lettering. symbols is dependent
Symbols and border on the viewing
size shall be 200 mm x distance (D). The
200 mm square with minimum size of the
1.25 mm border. inner outline of the
frame of graphical
symbols (s) can be
derived from formula s
= 0,09 D, applicable
for a viewing distance
of 1 000 mm to 10
000 mm. Graphical
symbols shall:
be highly contrasted
with a minimum
difference in LRV of 60
points and properly
illuminated.
Audio signs/audio Braille and tactile The higher the signal It is essential that there
131
information building name and to noise ratio (the is a significant

address (i.e., street difference in decibels difference between the
name with number) or dB. between signal and level of background
a device which when ambient) the better for noise and the level of
activated will provide communication. People the signal or
the same information with hearing announcement. The
in audible form should impairment require at higher the signal to
be provided on both least a +5dB S/N ratio. noise ratio (the
sides of the building - In environments that difference in decibels
entrance at a height of are noisy, any spoken dB. between signal and
between 900 mm and information should be ambient) the better for
1500 mm above the repeated at least once. communication. People
finished floor level. -Audible alarm systems with hearing
should operate at least impairment require at
15 dB over the least a +5dB S/N ratio.
prevailing sound level, In environments that
with a maximum of are noisy, any spoken
120 dB. Audio signs information shall be
which can play a repeated at least once.
recorded message Audible alarm systems
when touched or shall operate at least
activated by a persons 15 dB over the
movement or prevailing sound level,
presence. Information with a maximum of 120
can be provided in dB.
various formats,
languages or methods
of transmission.
132
Signage material -Some suggested Some suggested

materials for signage materials for signage
are wood, acrylic, are wood, acrylic and
Aluminum Aluminum Composite
Composite Panel Panel (ACP).
(ACP).
1. Placement/height of signages: CPWD says that signs should be placed at 900 mm to 1500 mm while HG and NBC
mention 900 mm to 1800 mm and ISO says 1200 to 1600 mm. The upper limit should be reduced to 1600 mm in
Indian Standards as given in ISO. CPWD should include the height of ceiling suspending signs.
2. Size of signage: CPWD should incorporate the specifications from HG and NBC.
3. Braille: Braille specific requirements are given only in diagrams and not in text in HG and NBC. It should be given in
text too.
4. Pictograms: ISO mentions that universally accepted pictograms should be used. These should be specified in Indian
Standards.
5. Tactile Lettering: CPWD, HG and NBC have not given specification for tactile lettering. It should be added based on
ISO specifications.
6. Lighting/Illumination: ISO mentions that maps should have 350 to 450 lux of illumination whereas HG and NBC
mention 200 lux. HG and NBC should revise their Standards as per ISO. CPWD should include this point.
7. Graphical symbols: NBC and HG have given figures for various accessibility symbols. There is no reference given of
ISO Standards. There are ISO Standards for various Symbols. HG and NBC should not only have symbols added as
part of the Standard but also give the ISO reference. CPWD should also incorporate the same.
133
20 Conclusion
Based on the study, it was felt that the CPWD Guidelines are too simplified and have not covered many areas. It needs to
include a lot more technical detail in order to make it appropriate as a reference.
The HG and NBC Guidelines are very similar. Most of the content of the NBC appears to have been taken from the HG. NBC
appears to have included some relevant points from the ISO and therefore making it better than the HG. It was also noted
that, regarding some aspects, HG and NBC have given more stringent Standards than the ISO. However, there were some
sections where the ISO was significantly more comprehensive and detailed than either the HG or the NBC. (Please refer to
the observations and recommendations given at the end of each section for more information regarding the gaps).
It was also observed that, in several places, only the diagrams had the specifications but there were no details given in the
text. Moreover, the diagrams/figures were not clear and were not synchronised with the text in some places. The diagrams
should be improved in all three Indian documents. The NBC should also improve on the presentation to make it easy to
follow and be accessible.
It is very important to have ONE set of Standards in India. We recommend that the NBC, which is in the draft stage, must
incorporate the recommendations in order to make it comprehensive. The Urban Development Ministry and the CPWD ought
to adopt the NBC Standards rather than having their own Guidelines. The NBC should be the only reference document for all
building bye-laws, guidelines for smart cities, green buildings, etc.
It must also be noted that the NBC provides standards for buildings in general. Now there are specific requirements for many
different types of buildings which are not included in the NBC. Therefore, Standards have to be developed for residential
buildings, schools, cinema halls, hotels/restaurants, hospitals, offices, auditorium, bus stops, sports arenas, museums,
historical buildings, religious places and so on.
It is important to mention here that that the requirements for accessibility have been given as an annexure in Part 3 of the
NBC, Annexure B, Anthropometrics and specific requirements for barrier free buildings and built environment. These
specifications should also be included in the relevant chapters of the NBC. For example, issues concerning emergency
evacuation should be in the fire and safety chapter; points related to lifts should be put in the chapter where general
134
specifications for lifts are given; standards concerning accessible toilets should be in the plumbing section; kerb ramps
should be mentioned where requirements for footpaths are given and so on. NCPEDP, in collaboration with AccessAbility and
DEOC, had undertaken a study (March 2016) of the various draft chapters of NBC and the recommendations have been
submitted to BIS.
Last, but not the least, it is important to state that all the Indian Guidelines appears to have been adopted from international
Standards and the source from where the specific information has been taken has not been mentioned. Unfortunately, there
has been no authentic study undertaken in India, with respect to the accessibility needs of persons with different disabilities,
keeping in mind the range of assistive devices/technologies being used, cultural aspects, terrains in rural/urban/hilly regions,
etc. ISO has mentioned at several places that national regulations have to be considered. Hence, research should be
undertaken in order to develop an Indian Standard for accessibility of built environment which is suitable in the Indian
context.
135

Comparison of Different Guidelines - 2016

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2.1 Manual Wheelchair

Dimensions CPWD HG NBC

2.2 Electric Wheelchair

Observations and Recommendations

Reach CPWD HG NBC ISO

Maximum reach from 1200 mm 1200 mm 1200 mm 1100 mm

Maximum reach from 1100 mm 1000 mm 1000 mm -

Maximum reach from 1300 mm 1300 mm 1300 mm -

Observations and Recommendations

Wheelchair CPWD HG NBC ISO

Observations and Recommendations

Dimensions CPWD HG NBC ISO

Observations and Recommendations

2.6 Protruding Objects/Solitary Obstacles (with respect to white cane)

Dimensions CPWD HG NBC ISO

Observations and Recommendations

2.7 Tactile Walking Surface Indicators (TWSIs)

Dimensions CPWD HG NBC ISO

Observations and Recommendations

Dimensions CPWD HG NBC ISO

Observations and Recommendations

Dimensions CPWD HG NBC ISO

Observations and Recommendations

Dimensions CPWD HG NBC ISO

Guarding shall be designed to

Observations and Recommendations

Dimensions CPWD HG NBC ISO

Observations and Recommendations

Dimensions CPWD HG NBC ISO

-Have a surface that is

NOTE: A wide and

Continuity Handrails must be Handrails should Have Handrails should be

facilitate persons with fire exits, etc.

Observations and Recommendations

Dimensions CPWD HG NBC ISO

projecting nosing. It shall stumbling. be more than 25 mm. The

For Fire exit staircase: be

Avoidance No appliances, fixtures or No appliances, fixtures or

If the stepped path is

landing shall not be less

Head Soffit of the stairs, shall Clear accessible height

Head clearance on the

should be colour of the tread. provided on the front edge

balustrade, tactile warning impairments. landings of a stair, care

warning strips shall follow the last step of the flight.

Guards If a stair rises more than

Lighting Illumination level of 100- The minimum illumination

Materials The materials selected for

Shiny, polished surface

Observations and Recommendations

Dimensions CPWD HG NBC ISO

Observations and Recommendations

Dimensions CPWD HG NBC ISO

building entrance. The directional signs shall

reverse. with mobility

Maneuvering The maneuvering space

the lift entrance circulation route nor

lift floor to avoid lift floor to avoid glass. If any wall of

Seat Where a fold-up seat is

Lighting Internal car lighting

Use of lifts All lifts/elevators in

Dimensions CPWD HG NBC ISO