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What is a qubit?
- To solve this problem, researcher have proposed to replace transistors
with other component called quantum bits or qubits.
- Computers based in qubits are named as quantum computers
- There are a number of physical objects that can be used as a qubit (a
single photon, a nucleus or an electron), because researcher plant to
take advantage of a subatomic property called spin.
- The spin define the state of the qubit.
- For example, if you have two classical bits, you have four possible
states.
- And in each instant it only exists one of these.
- But if you have two qubits, the four states exists at the same time,
using the quantum property of superposition. So in fact, you would
have four classical bits.
- In general, if you have N qubits, you have two to the N bits.