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Expt. No. 2
Liquids
THEORY:
where:
MA, MB = molecular weights of components A & B respectively, g/mol
p = Pressure, atm
T = Temperature, K
TcA, TcB = critical temperatures of A & B respectively, K
VcA, VcB = critical molar volumes of A & B respectively, cm 3/mol
Gas diffusion occurred when diffusion of vapor takes place from volatile
liquid into another gas (air). This process used same concept as mass transfer
where one constituent is transported from region of higher concentration to that
of a lower concentration.
PROCEDURE:
First, we gathered and cleaned all the materials and apparatus needed
for the experiment. Next, we prepared three different volatile compounds
(hydrochloric acid, methanol and ammonia solution) available in the
laboratory. To prevent convection in the cylinder, we selected these
compounds since hydrochloric acid, methanol and ammonia solution are
heavier than air in terms of molecular weight.
Then, we used a ruler to measure the test tubes to make sure that the test
tubes have a length to diameter ratio of at least 4.0 since the diffusion path must
be at least 4 times the diameter of the tubes. In this experiment, we used test
tubes with 1 cm diameter and 12 cm of tube length.
Next, we transferred the samples in the test tubes that were prepared
beforehand. We measured the initial weight of each samples using the
analytical balance, and the initial height of the samples in the test tubes using a
ruler. After determining the initial weights and heights of the compounds, we
placed the samples in the fume hood and we ensured that the test tubes were
vertically upright by placing it in a test tube rack.
We then removed the cover from each test tube to start the experiment.
We let the samples stand by and evaporate for thirty minutes. We monitored the
temperature using a thermometer. After thirty minutes, we covered the test
tubes and measured the weight and height remained in the test tubes. We
repeated these procedures for three trials, thirty minutes of evaporation for each
trial.
DIAGRAM:
See next page.
COMPUTATIONS:
where:
MA, MB = molecular weights of components A & B respectively, g/mol
p = Pressure, atm
T = Temperature, K
TcA, TcB = critical temperatures of A & B respectively, K
VcA, VcB = critical molar volumes of A & B respectively, cm 3/mol
Given that:
T = 29oC (302.15K)
P = 1 atm
Component A = sample substance
Component B = air
For Methanol,
1.81
0.01498(302.15 )((132.04)+ (1/29))0.5
DAB = 2
0.4 0.4
1(512.5 x 132.45)0.1405 ((117) + (91.47) )
117.757
DAB = =0.1504
782.994
For HCl,
1.81
0.01498(302.15 )((136.461)+ (1/29))0.5
DAB = 2
0.4 0.4
1(324.65x 132.45)0.1405 ((81) + (91.47) )
114.972
DAB = =0.1817
632.739
For NH4OH,
1.81
0.01498(302.15 )((135.05)+ (1/29))0.5
DAB = 2
0.4 0.4
1(405.65x 132.45)0.1405 ((72.47) + (91.47) )
115.993
DAB = =0.1855
625.417
REFERENCES:
PICTURES: