Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago) - Wikipedia

9/12/2017 TrumpInternationalHotelandTower(Chicago)Wikipedia
TrumpInternationalHotelandTower(Chicago)
Coordinates:415320N873736W
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
TheTrumpInternationalHotelandTower,alsoknownasTrump
TowerChicagoandTrumpTower,isaskyscrapercondohotelin
TrumpInternational
downtownChicago,Illinois.Thebuilding,namedafterbusinessman HotelandTower
and45thU.S.PresidentDonaldTrump,wasdesignedbyarchitect
AdrianSmithofSkidmore,OwingsandMerrill.BovisLendLease
builtthe98storystructure,whichreachesaheightof1,388feet
(423.2m)includingitsspire,itsrooftoppingoutat1,171feet
(357m).ItisnexttothemainbranchoftheChicagoRiver,witha
viewoftheentrytoLakeMichiganbeyondaseriesofbridgesover
theriver.Thebuildingreceivedpublicitywhenthewinnerofthe
firstseasonofTheApprenticerealitytelevisionshow,BillRancic,
chosetomanagetheconstructionofthetowerovermanaginganew
TrumpNationalGolfCourseandresortinLosAngeles.
Trumpannouncedin2001thattheskyscraperwouldbecomethe
tallestbuildingintheworld,butaftertheSeptember11attacksthat
sameyear,hescaledbackthebuilding'splans,anditsdesign
underwentseveralrevisions.Whentoppedoutin2009,itbecamethe
fourthtallestbuildingintheUS.Itsurpassedthecity'sJohn
HancockCenterasthebuildingwiththehighestresidence
(apartmentorcondo)intheworld,andheldthistitleuntilthe
completionoftheBurjKhalifa.
Thedesignofthebuildingincludes,fromthegroundup,retailspace,
aparkinggarage,ahotelandcondominiums.The339roomhotel
openedforbusinesswithlimitedaccommodationsandserviceson
January30,2008,thenfullaccommodationandservicesonApril28.
Arestaurantonthe16thfloor,Sixteen,openedinearly2008to TrumpInternationalHotelandToweras
favorablereviews.Thebuildingtoppedoutinlate2008and viewedfromstreetlevel
constructionwascompletedin2009.Asof2015,thehotelisamong
threeinChicagowithanelitefivestarForbesTravelGuiderating.It
hostsarestaurant(namedSixteen)thatisoneofthreefivestar
Forbesratedrestaurantsinthecityandaspathatisoneofsixthatis
atleastafourstarForbesratedintheChicagoareain2015.Sixteen
isoneoffiverestaurantsinChicagowithatleastaMichelinGuide
twostarratingin2016.
Contents
LocationofTrumpToweralongtheChicago
1 Location River
2 Designandarchitecture Generalinformation
2.1 Height
Status Complete
2.2 Sign
3 Features Type Hotel,condominium[1]
3.1 Hotel Architecturalstyle Modern
3.2 Restaurants
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Chicago) 1/25
3.3 Spa Location 401N.WabashAve.

4 Development Chicago,Illinois
4.1 Designhistory UnitedStates
4.2 Initialphases
4.3 Legalissues Coordinates 415320N
4.4 Construction 873736W
5 Afteropening Constructionstarted March17,2005
5.1 Residentialunitsales
5.2 Retailoccupancy Toppedout August16,2008(last
5.3 Floodsin2014 concretepour)
5.4 Protests August19,2008
6 Criticalreview (ceremonialtopping
7 Inpopularculture
out)
8 Seealso
9 Notes January3,2009(Spire
10 References ceremony)
11 Bibliography Completed 2009
12 Externallinks
Opening January30,2009
Cost US$847million[2]
Location Height
Architectural 1,388feet(423.2m)[3]
Thetowersitsat401North
Tip 1,388feet(423.2m)[3]
WabashAvenueintheRiver
NorthGalleryDistrict,part Roof 1,171feet(357m)[4][5]
oftheNearNorthSide Topfloor 1,116feet(340.2m)[3]
communityareaofChicago.
Thebuildingoccupiesthe Technicaldetails
sitevacatedbytheChicago Floorcount 98[3]
SunTimes,oneofthecity's Floorarea 2,600,000squarefeet
twomajornewspapers,and
Thesiteofthetowerwasoccupiedby (240,000m2)[3]
itslocationwithintheRiver
theformerChicagoSunTimesbuilding
NorthGalleryDistrictplaces Lifts/elevators 27,madebyKone[6]
(lowrisebuildingatleft).
itinaneighborhoodthathas Designandconstruction
hadahighconcentrationof
[8] Architect AdrianSmith,
artgalleriessincethe1980s. Thesite,atthefootofRushStreet,is
onthenorthsideoftheChicagoRiverjustwestoftheWrigley Skidmore,Owingsand
BuildingandtheMichiganAvenueBridge,andjusteastofMarina Merrill
Cityand330NorthWabashThebuildingisclosetonumerous Developer TheTrump
ChicagolandmarksitborderstheMichiganWackerDistrict,which Organization[3]
isaRegisteredHistoricDistrict.[9]Partsofthebuildingarevisible
Structuralengineer WilliamF.Baker
throughoutthecity,andtheentirelengthofthebuildingisvisible
fromboatsontheriver,aswellasfromlocationstotheeastalong Maincontractor BovisLendLease[3]
theriver,suchasthemouthofLakeMichigan,theLakeShoreDrive References
Overpass,andtheColumbusDriveBridge.[10] [3][4][5][7]
ThebuildingisacrosstheChicagoRiverfromtheChicagoLoop,the
city'sbusinessdistrict.ItisablockawayfromthesouthernendoftheMagnificentMileportionofMichigan
Avenue.Therestaurant,Sixteen,hasaclearviewoftheChicagoRiver'sentrancetoLakeMichiganandofthefour
buildingscompletedinthe1920sthatflanktheMichiganAvenueBridge(WrigleyBuilding,TribuneTower,333
NorthMichigan,and360NorthMichigan).
Designandarchitecture
Thedesignofthebuildingincorporatesthreesetbackfeaturesdesignedtoprovide
visualcontinuitywiththesurroundingskyline,[11]eachreflectingtheheightofa
nearbybuilding.Thefirstsetback,ontheeastsideofthebuilding,alignswiththe
cornicelineoftheWrigleyBuildingtotheeastthesecond,onthewestside,aligns
withRiverPlazatothenorthandwiththeMarinaCityTowerstothewest.The
thirdsetback,ontheeastside,relatesto330NorthWabashbuilding(formerly
knownasIBMPlaza).[12]However,someviewsdistortthealignmentofthe
secondsetback.a[]Thesetbacksandroundededgesofthebuildingcombatvortex
formation.[13]Thebodyofthebuildingisraised30feet(9.1m)abovethemain
Wabashentranceand70feet(21m)abovetheChicagoRiver.[14]Thebuilding's
Permasteelisacurtainwall[15]usesclearlowemissivitycoatedglassandacurved
wingshapedpolishedstainlesssteelmullionsystemthatprojects9inches(23cm)
fromtheglassline.Itincorporatesabrushedstainlesssteelspandrelpanelsand
clearanodizedaluminum.[12]
TrumpTowerfromground
level Thebuildinghas2,600,000squarefeet(240,000m2)offloorspace,risesto
98stories,andhouses486luxuryresidentialcondominiums.Theseincludestudio
apartments,amixtureofsuiteswithonetofourbedrooms,andfivebedroom
penthouses.Thetoweralsofeaturesaluxuryhotelcondominiumwith339guestrooms.[16]Thebuildingincludes,
fromthegroundup,retailspace,aparkinggarage,ahotel,andcondominiums.[1]The3rdthrough12thfloors
houselobbies,retailspace,andtheparkinggaragethe14thflooranditsmezzaninehostsahealthclubandspa.
The17thfloorthroughthe27thfloormezzaninecontainhotelcondominiumsandexecutivelounges.The28th
through85thfloorshaveresidentialcondominiums,andthe86ththrough89thfloorshavepenthouses.[16]A1.2
acre(0.49ha)riverfrontparkandriverwalk,alonga500foot(150m)spaceintheareaadjacenttothebuildingto
theeast,[16][17]wasopenedinthefirsthalfof2010.[18]Theparkfacilitatespublicassemblyandentertainment
activitywhilelinkingthebuildingeffectivelywithrivercommuters.[19]
In2011,theriverfrontparklandscapingsurroundingthebuilding,whichis
referredtoasTrumpPlazaandRiverwalkorsometimesjustTrumpPlaza,
becamethesubjectofcontroversy.In2010,thePlazahadearnedspecial
recognitionattheMayorDaley'sLandscapeAwards.Thepressrelease
notedthelandscaping"fortheirmagnificentnewciviclandscapethatisa
poeticinterpretationofnativeIllinoisthatseemsatoncesophisticatedand
familiar."[20]However,in2011,theawardwinningplantingsofsmall
sumactrees,fernsandnativegrasseswithyellow,orangeandredhues
wereremovedandreplacedwithevergreenslikejunipersandboxwoods,
piecesofgraystone,andpurpleperennials(catmintandsalvia),whichmay The1.2acre(0.49ha)riverfrontpark
requirelesswatering.Toaddtothecontroversy,theplantingwas andriverwalkrunsbetweenWrigley
accompaniedbyaplantolightthetreestoattractnighttimeparkvisitors,in Building(right)andthehotel(left)at
conflictwiththe"darkskies"movementtoreducelightpollutionto thefootofRushStreet
facilitatebetterstargazing.[21]
Thebuildingbroketherecordfortheworld'shighestresidenceabovegroundlevel,heldsince1969bythenearby
JohnHancockCenter.[22]BecausetheTrumpTowerhasbothhotelcondominiumsandresidentialcondominiums,
itdoesnotcontesttherecordheldbythe88story432ParkAvenueinNewYorkCity,which,at1,396feet
(425.5m),isthetallestresidentialbuildingintheworld.[23]
Height
TheTrumpInternationalHotelandTowerrises1,362feet
(415.1m)fromthebuilding'smainentranceonWabashAvenue
tothetipofthearchitecturalspire.[24]Uponitscompletionin
2009,thebuildingbecametheseventhtallestbuildinginthe
world,behindthe1,380foot(420.6m)JinMaoTowerin
Shanghai,People'sRepublicofChina.[25]OnNovember17,
2009,however,theCouncilonTallBuildingsandUrbanHabitat
TrumpInternationalHotelandTowercompared
(CTBUH),whichcomposesrankingsofthetallestskyscrapers
withothertallbuildingsintheUS(bypinnacle
intheworldbasedonvariouscriteria,changeditsstandardfor
height)
measuringabuilding'sheight.[26]Priortothischange,a
building'sarchitecturalheightwascalculatedfromthemain
entrancetothetipofthespirenewstandardsmeasuredfromthe
[26]
lowestopenairpedestrianlevelofabuilding. AstheTrumpInternationalHotelandTowerhasariverwalk
entranceandpedestrianlevel27feet(8.2m)belowthebuilding'sWabashAvenueentrance,theskyscraper's
officialheightwasrecalculatedas1,388feet(423.2m)withoutaphysicaladditiontothestructure.[27]According
totheCTBUH,therecalculatedheightalsomadethetowerthesixthtallestbuildingintheworld,surpassingthe
JinMaoTowerby9feet(2.7m).[28]InJanuary2010,thebuildingmovedbacktoitspositionasseventhtallest
withtheopeningofthe828metre(2,717ft)BurjKhalifainDubai.[29]
Sign
AccordingtoTrump,hereceivedapprovalfora3,600squarefoot(334.5m2)
TheTrumpInternationalHoteland
signfromChicagoMayorRichardM.Daley'sadministrationin2009,but Towersign
renegotiatedwithMayorRahmEmanuel'sadministration.[30]InOctober
2013,Trumpreceivedapprovaltoerect20foot(6.1m)tallstainlesssteel
lettersbacklitwithwhiteLEDlightingspellingoutTRUMPonthe16thfloor
ofthebuilding.HemadehisimpendingplansforthesignpublicinFebruary
2014.[31]Accordingtoacityplanningdepartmentspokesperson,standard
protocolforsuchasignistorequireapprovalfromthelocalalderman
(BrendanReilly,42ndward)andthefullChicagoCityCouncil.[32]Thefive
lettersspanawidthofapproximately141feet(43m),makingthefinal
approvedversionapproximately2,800squarefeet(260.1m2)2,891square
feet(268.6m2)accordingtosomesourcesratherthantheoriginally
proposedsize.[30][33]Thesignislocatedabout200feet(61m)aboveground
level.[34]
CrewsbeganhangingthesigninMay2014.[35]WhenChicagoTribune
architecturecriticKaminwarnedTrumpthathisreviewofthesignwouldbe
unfavorable,Trumpresponded"Astimepasses,it'llbeliketheHollywood
Sign",butarchitectSmithdistancedhimselffromthesignsaying"Justfortherecord,Ihadnothingtodowiththis
sign!".[32]Thecontroversysurroundingthesigndrewattentioninthenationalpressandinternationalpressasit
nearedcompletionandtheAssociatedPressranastoryaboutMayorEmanuel'sdisapprovalinmidJune.[33][36][37]
AccordingtotheMayor'sspokeswomanKelleyQuinn,"MayorEmanuelbelievesthisisanarchitecturallytasteful
buildingscarredbyanarchitecturallytastelesssign".[38]Kaminhasnotedthatpartoftheproblemisthe
architecturaltraditionsofthecity:"IfthissignwasinAtlanticCityorLasVegas,nobodywouldcarebutitisin
Chicago,andinapartofChicagofullofgreatbuildingsfromthe1920stothe1960sandonward".[34]Trumpand
ReillybothpointedouthowunbecomingthepriorChicagoSunTimesbuildingsignagewasviaTwitter.[39][40]As
aresultofthefiasco,Emanuelinitiatedastudyonhowtoaltertherulestoavertsimilarsignagecontroversiesin
thefuture.[30]
Features
Accordingtothe"2010CityGuide:Chicago"editionoftheForbesTravel
Guide,thebuildinghostsoneofthesevenfourstarrestaurantsinthecity
andoneofthethreefourstarspas.Thehotelisoneoftwofourstarhotels.
In2010Chicagohadtwofivestarhotelsandtwofivestarrestaurants.[41]
BythetimeoftheForbesTravelGuide:2013CityGuide,thehoteland
restaurantwereeachamongonlythreefivestarratingsinthecity.[42]It
retainedthisrankinginthe2015ForbesGuide(alongwithhotelsThe
PeninsulaandFourSeasonsandwithrestaurantsAlineaandGrace).[43]
Thespawasamong6fourorfivestarForbesratedspasintheChicago
areain2015.[43]
ReflectionofChicagoRiver'sskyline
ontheTrumpInternationalHoteland TherestaurantwaspromotedtotwostarratingbytheMichelinGuidefor
Tower 2014andretainedthatratingin2015.Itwasoneof5Chicagorestaurants
toachieveatleastatwostarMichelinratinginbothyears.[44][45]In2016,
itagainretaineditstwostarratingasoneoffiverestaurantsinthecitywith
sucharating.[46][47]
Hotel
Theoriginalplanwastohaveapartialopeningofthreeofthehotel'sfloorsonDecember3,2007,withagrand
openingtofollow.Theinterimceremony,however,wasdelayeduntilJanuary30,2008,[48][49][50]whiletheCity
ofChicagograntedoccupancyapprovalforthestaffofthehotelinthefirst27floors.[51]Fourfloorsofguest
roomswereopened,comprising125oftheplanned339rooms.[52][53][54]ByJanuary30,constructiononthe
exteriorofthebuildinghadpassedthe53rdfloor.[52][55]Thegrandopeningofthehotel,includingamenities,
originallyscheduledforMarch17,2008,[52]tookplaceonApril28,2008.[56][57]PulitzerPrizewinningChicago
TribunearchitecturecriticBlairKaminfaultsthezebrawoodpanelinginthehotellobby,[58]butanotherTribune
reporterpraisesthehotelforits"understated,contemporarylook,distinguishedbystunningviews".[52]
Restaurants
Onthe16thfloor,arestaurantnamedSixteenopenedinearlyFebruary2008,[58]andanoutdoorpatioterrace,
namedTheTerraceatTrump,openedonJune25,2009followingthecompletionofconstruction.[59]The
restaurantopenedtofavorablereviewsforitscuisine,decor,location,architecture,andview.[60]Sixteen,which
wasdesignedbyJoeValerio,isdescribedarchitecturallyasasequenceofspacesthatdonotrevealthemselvesat
once,butratherin"procession".[61]Therestaurant'sfoyerisTshaped,andapassagewaytothehotelislinedwith
floortoceilingarchitecturalbronzewineracksinopposingredandwhitewinerooms.[58][62][63]Thepassageway
leadstoviewspraisedbyKaminthatshowcasetheWrigleyBuildingclocktowerandtheTribuneTower's
flyingbuttresses.Kaminnotesthattheseviewsare"moreintimate"thanthepanoramiconesoftheSignature
Room,arestaurantnearthetopoftheHancockCenter.[58]Theviewsaredescribedasequallyimpressivebyday
andbynight.[63]ThemainpartoftheprocessionistheTowerRoom,adiningroomwitha30foot(9.1m)dome
shapedceilingmadeofWestAfricanwood.ThedomeisfurnishedwithSwarovskichandeliers[64][65]and
incorporatesmirrorssothatalldinerscanexperiencetheview.[61]
TheTerrace,whichopenedonJune25,2009,[66]hasviewsoftheChicagoRiverandLakeMichiganaswellas
NavyPier'sseasonalWednesdayandSaturdayeveningfireworks,andwasdesignedforoutdooror"alfresco"
dining.[67]
Locatedonthemezzaninelevel,RebarthehotelbaropenedonApril18,
2008.[68]
Spa
The23,000squarefoot(2,100m2)spa,namedTheSpaatTrump,[69]openedin
lateMarch2008.[70]Thespaoffersgemstoneinfused(diamond,ruby,orsapphire)
oilmassages,hydratingmasques,exfoliatingsaltsandthe"Delugeshower".[70]
Thespafeaturesahealthclubwithanindoorpool,eleventreatmentrooms,a
privatecouplestreatmentsuite,Swissshower,andsaunas.[69]TheCitysearch
editorialreviewdescribedthisasthe"Bentleyofhotelspas".[71]AChicago
Tribunecriticspokeofthespainpositivetermsforboththetreatmentandthe
physicalspaitself.[72]TheSpaatTrumpcanbeaccessedfromalargecircular
staircaseinsidethehotel,enablingitscustomerstoaccessthefacilityfrom
AviewofNavyPier's
speciallydesignedspaguestroomswithoutusingtheelevator.[73]
fireworksoverLakeMichigan
beyondtheChicagoRiveras
Development seenfromSixteen
Designhistory
InJuly2001,whenDonaldTrump
ViewfromSouth
announcedplansforthesiteoftheformer
sevenstorySunTimesBuilding,thetower
wasexpectedtoreachaheightof1,500
feet(457.2m),whichwouldhavemadeit
theworld'stallestbuilding.Itwasexpected
tocontainbetween2,400,000and
3,100,000squarefeet(220,000and
290,000m2)offloorspace[74][75][76]and
costabout$77millionjustfortheproperty
rights.[77]Threearchitecturalfirmswere
considered:LohanAssociates,Kohn
PedersenFoxAssociates,andSkidmore,
OwingsandMerrill[78][79]Trumpselected
Skidmore,OwingsandMerrillinAugust
2001.AdrianSmith,whohadpreviously
designedtheJinMaoTower,[80]headed
theSOMteam,[10][81]givingChicagoa
thirdskyscraperfromthesamefirmwhich
hadpreviouslydesignedtheWillisTower
Chicago'L'tracks,35East TrumpTowerasseenfromtheoverpassat andtheHancockCenter.[1]
Wacker,andTrump Adams/Wabashstation
InternationalHotelandTower AftertheterroristactsofSeptember11,
fromWabashAvenueinthe 2001,Trumpreducedtheplannedheightto
ChicagoLoop 78storiesand1,073feet(327.1m),to
reducetheriskofsimilarattacks.[82][83]
Timemagazinereportedthatameeting
betweenSmithandTrumpabouterectingthetallestbuildinginChicagowastakingplaceattheactualtimeofthe
attacks.[84]Someinternationalnewssourceslaterclaimedthattheplannedtowerheightwasreducedto900feet
(274.3m)aftertheoriginalplanscalledfora150storybuildingthatwouldreach2,000feet(609.6m).[84][85]
(274.3m)aftertheoriginalplanscalledfora150storybuildingthatwouldreach2,000feet(609.6m).[84][85]
Theseclaimsaresupportedbycomputerrenderingsfrom1999oftheproposedskyscraper,shownintheChicago
Tribunein2005.[86]
Thebuilding's1,073foot(327.1m)designwasfirstreleasedinDecember2001.[82]However,thefirstdesigndid
notmeetwithapprovalfromotherarchitects,orfromtheresidentsofChicago.[87]AsubsequentrevisioninJuly
2002resultedinan86floordesignforuseasanofficeandresidentialstructure,similartothe2006designwhich
is,however,foradifferentcombinationofuses.[88]Smith's2002plansputbroadcastantennas(multiple
communicationsdishes)atthetopofthebuilding.[89]Arevised90story,1,125feet(342.9m)planwasunveiled
inSeptember2003forabuildingincludingcondominiums,officespace,a"condominiumhotel",retailstores,and
restaurants.[90][91]InJanuary2004,anotherrevisionchangedfloors17through26fromofficesintocondominiums
andhotelrooms.[92]InhisMay2004plan,Smithdecidedtotopthebuildingwithanornamentalspireinsteadof
communicationsdishes.Thesedishes,accordingtotheCouncilonTallBuildingsandUrbanHabitat,wouldnot
havecountedtowardthebuilding'sheight.Thespire,however,willcount,raisingthetower'sheightto1,300feet
(396.2m).[89]Atonepointin2005,TrumpaspiredtobuildaslightlytallerbuildingthatwouldsurpasstheSears
Towerasthenation'stallestbuilding,butChicagoMayorRichardM.Daleywasagainsttheplan.[93][94]
Eventually,Smithsettledonadesignwithaheightof1,362feet(415.1m),whichwastheheightof2WorldTrade
Center,theshorteroftheformertwinWorldTradeCentertowers.[95]ThisheightmakestheTowerthethirdtallest
intheUnitedStatesafterOneWorldTradeCenterandtheWillisTower.[96]
Initialphases
OnOctober16,2004,DonaldTrumpandHollingerInternational,theparentcompanyoftheChicagoSunTimes,
completedthe$73millionsaleoftheformerhomeofthenewspaperaweekafteritrelocated.[97]OnOctober28,
2004,TrumpheldaceremonytobeginthedemolitionoftheformerSunTimesBuilding.[98][99][100]The
demolitionandconstructionwerefinancedbya650milliondollarloanfromDeutscheBankandatrioofhedge
fund,oneofwhichGeorgeSorosbacked.[101]
InMarch2005,theconstructionprocessbeganwiththesinkingofthefirst
caissonforthetowerintothebedrock.[102]InApril,constructionbeganon
thefoundationbelowtheChicagoRiver.[1]InJuly2005,waterfromthe
riverbeganseepingintothebuildingsite,throughcrevicesinacorner
wherethefoundationwallmeetstheWabashAvenueBridge.[1]Divers
discoveredthattheleakcouldnotbesealedfromthewaterside.After
severalotherfailedattemptstocorrecttheproblem,theydroveasteelplate
nexttothegapandfilledthespacebetweenwithconcreteafterdiggingit
out.[1] ViewfromtheChicagoTransit
AuthorityChicago'L'intheLoopat
Withinasingle24hourperiodinOctober2005,afleetof30concrete night
trucksmade600tripstopour5,000cubicyards(3,800m3)ofconcrete,
andthuscreatea200by66by10foot(61.0m20.1m3.0m)concrete
"mat".[103]Thematservesasthebaseofthebuilding,fromwhichitsspinerises.Thoseinvolvedwiththe
constructionreferredtothedayasthe"BigPour".[103]JamesMcHughConstructionCo.wascontractedforthe
concreteworkonthisjob.TheyobtainedtheconcretefromtheChicagoAvenueandHalstedStreetdistributionsite
ofPrairieMaterialSalesIncofBridgeview,Illinois,theformerlargestprivatelyownedreadymixconcrete
companyintheUnitedStates.[103]Prairieusedaformulaofconcretethathadneverbeenusedintheconstruction
businesstomeeta10,000psi(69MPa)specification,whichexceededthestandard7,000psi(48MPa)for
conventionalconcrete.[103]
Legalissues
InOctober2006,controversyeruptedovera10by4.5foot(3.0by1.4m)streetkioskatthefootofthe
MagnificentMileinfrontoftheWrigleyBuildingat410NorthMichiganAvenuethatadvertisedTrumpTowera
fullblockaway.[104]Extensivedebateandpublicityoccurredontheissueofwhethersuchadvertisingshouldhave
beenallowed.Twodistinctpiecesoflegislationin2002and2003bytheChicagoCityCouncilhadauthorizedthe
kiosk,butsidewalkbillboardswerenotcommoninChicagoatthetime,andtheirdesirabilitywasquestioned.
Althoughthereweredemandsfromcitizens'organizationsandthelocalAldermanBurtonNatarus(whohadvoted
infavorofthelegislation)toremovethekiosk,Trumpagreedonlytoremovepricinginformationfromthe
signage,afterarequesttoremovealladvertisingfromit.[105]Originally,onesidedisplayedthegeographical
informationandtheothersidefunctionedasabillboard.[104]
Inaseparatelegaldevelopment,DonaldTrumpwassuedbyformerChicagoSunTimespublisherF.DavidRadler
andhisdaughtersinFebruary2008forrescindingall"friendsandfamily"condominiumpurchases,including
Radler's.[106][107]AspresidentoftheSunTimes'holdingcompany,Radlerhadnegotiatedthesaleofthepaper's
headquartersbuildingtoTrump'sconsortium.ThepriceofRadler'scondohadbeendiscountedby10%,andonlya
5%depositwasrequiredinsteadofthestandard15%.[106]Radlerandfamilywerepartofagroupof40insiders
whowereabletopurchasepropertyatabout$500persquarefoot($5,400/m2).Whenthemarketvalueofthe
propertyeventuallyrosetoover$1,300persquarefoot($14,000/m2),Trumpnullifiedthe"friendsandfamily"
sales.[108]Theinsiderswereinvolvedintheplanninganddesigningofthebuilding.[109]InJanuary2007,Trump
citedbothaclauseabout"mattersbeyond[the]seller'sreasonablecontrol"andthedesireto"havemoreincometo
handlepotentiallyhigherconstructioncosts".[109]DespiteTrump'sconcernsabouthigherconstructioncosts,
earlierinthesamemonth,IvankaTrump,hisdaughterandanexecutiveofthecompany,hadstatedthatthe
constructionwas$50millionunderbudget.[110]InadditiontotheRadlersuitoverthevalidityofthe"friendsand
family"discountcontracts,agroupoffourownerssuedoverrevisionstotheclosingterms,whichplacedlimitson
theowneroccupancyofcondohotelunitsandexcludedthemeetingroomsandballroomsfromthecommon
elementsofwhichtheownershaveaninterest.[111]
Inanadditionallegalissue,onFebruary8,2005,Trumphadclosedona
constructionloanof$640millionfromDeutscheBankfortheproject.[112]
Healsoobtaineda$130135millionjuniormezzanineloanfromanother
syndicateheadedbyFortressInvestmentGroup.[113][114]Aspartofthese
contracts,Trumphadincludeda$40millionpersonalguarantee.[115]The
contractsalsomandatedpartialrepaymentsforeachclosedunitsale,and
minimumsaleprices.[113]InSeptember2008,duetoslowunitsales,
Trumpsoughttoextendbothloansuntilmid2009becausehefeltthatit
wasnecessaryinthebusinessenvironmentandexpectedfromtheoutsetof
April2006viewfromMichiganAve. thecontract.[116]OnNovember10,DeutscheBankdemandedthe
Bridgewithvisiblerebar outstandingloanpaymentandthe$40millionguarantee.[115]Trumpfiled
suitlaterthatmonthagainstDeutscheBankinNewYorkStateSupreme
Courtinanefforttoexcusearepaymentofmorethan$330millionthat
hadbeendueNovember7,andtoextendtheconstructionloanforanunspecifiedperiodoftimebecauseof
extenuatingcircumstancesarisingfromthefinancialcrisisof20072010.[115]Trumpciteda"forcemajeure"
clausethatallowedtheborrowertodelaycompletionoftheprojectunderacatchallsectioncovering"anyother
eventorcircumstancenotwithinthereasonablecontroloftheborrower".[113]Trumpnotonlysoughtanextension,
butsoughtdamagesof$3billionfromthebankforitsuseofpredatorylendingpracticestounderminetheproject
anddamagehisreputation,whichheclaimed"isassociatedworldwidewithontime,underbudget,firstclass
constructionprojectsandfirstclassluxuryhoteloperations."[113]AttheendofNovember,DeutscheBank
countersuedTrumptoforcehimtoupholdhispersonalpaymentguaranteefromFebruary2005,afterhefailedto
repaytheamountdueNovember7adatethatalreadyhadbeenextended.[115]Thesuitsdidnotinterferewith
Trump'sabilitytocontinuedrawingonthecreditlineprovidedbyDeutscheBank,becausewithouttheproject's
continuedfinancing,DeutscheBankmayhavehadtoassumetheroleofdeveloper.[115][117]InMarch2009,both
partiesagreedtosuspendlitigationandresolvethedisagreementamicablyinanefforttohelptheprojectto
succeed.[118]InSeptember2010,anamendedloanagreementstoppedthelitigationandextendedthetermonan
approximately$600millionconstructionloanforfiveyears.[119]
Construction
BillRancic,TheApprentice'sseasononewinnerin2004,wasoriginallyhiredtomanagetheprojectfora$250,000
salary.[120][121]Rancic'stitlewasPresidentoftheTrumpInternationalHotelandTower,[120]butthetitlewas
somewhatmisleading,becausehewasinfactlearningonthejobasan"Apprentice".[122]Rancic'scontractwas
renewedafterhisfirstyear,butinSeptember2005itappearedthathisemploymentwithTrumpwouldfinishatthe
endofhissecondyearinApril2006.[123]During2005DonaldTrump,Jr.,whohadbeeninvolvedinthebuilding
sinceitsearlieststagesin1999,wasoverseeingtheconstructionwithweeklyvisits,whileRancicworkedonsales
andmarketing.[124]InDecember2005,RancicmadeitclearthathewantedtocontinueworkingforTrump,[125]
andinApril2006hiscontractwasrenewedforathirdyear.[126]InthatyearDonaldTrump'schildrenbeganto
assumeprominentpublicrolesasintheTrumpOrganization[127][128]byJanuary2007allthreeadultTrump
children(IvankaTrump,DonaldTrump,Jr.,andEricTrump)wereexecutivesintheacquisitionsanddevelopment
divisionoftheorganization.[110]BythetimetheChicagoTrumpTower'shotelopenedinthebuildinginJanuary
2008,DonaldTrumpandhisthreeadultchildrenwereinthespotlight,overseeingtheconstruction.[129][130]
BovisLendLease,notedforworkonDisneylandParis,PetronasTowers,andthe
TimeWarnerCenter,wastheconstructioncompany.[10]JamesMcHugh
ConstructionCo,theconcretesubcontractor,implementedacomprehensive
formworkfortheconstructionofthebuilding.Atthecompletionofconstruction
thebuildingwasthetallestformworkstructureintheworld,[22]andfollowsinthe
footstepsofitsneighbor,MarinaCity,aswellasChicago'sTwoPrudentialPlaza,
aspastrecordholders.[103]Concretemouldingwasused,becauseusinga
traditionalironworkstructurewouldhaverequiredabuildingfootprintthatwould
havebeentoobigforthepropertysize,proportionaltotheheightofthedesigned
building.Asteelframewouldhavehadtobe25feet(7.6m)widertohave
supportedabuildingofthisproportion.Concretewillcounteracttheforceofwind
withtheforceofgravityofthe360,000shortton(330,000t)building.[13]Anew
chemicalprocessthatleveragedmorefluidliquidconcretefacilitatedpumping
ViewfromRichardJ.Daley
concreteupseveralhundredfeettotheelevatingconstructionsite.[13]Although Centerthreemonthsbeforethe
previoustechnologylimitedformworkto700feet(213.4m),thistechnology hotelopenedamid
permittedthepumpingofconcrete1,700feet(518.2m)high.[1] construction(September14,
2007)
Thebuildingiscantileveredintoasectionof420millionyearoldlimestone
bedrock110feet(33.5m)underground.Ituses4foot(1.2m)widestiltlikepillars
thatweredrilledbeneaththebuilding.Every30feet(9.1m)arounditsperimeter,steelreinforcedconcretewas
pouredintotheseholestoformthestructuralsupport.[13]Ontopofthesecaissonshaftsandpillars,an8,400short
ton(7,600t)concretepadfoundationwasbuilttosupportthebuilding'sspine.[13]Thebuildinghas241caissons,
andthemajorityofthecaissonsonlydescend75feet(22.9m)intohardclay.However,57ofthemgoan
additional35feet(10.7m)intotheground,including6feet(1.8m)ofbedrock.[1]TheconcretespineusesfiveI
beamshapedwallsandexteriorcolumns,narrowingtotwoasthebuildingrises.Eachfloorisseparatedbya
concreteslab,andstainlesssteel,glass,andaluminumpanelsareattachedtoeachfloor.[13]50,000shorttons
(45,000t)ofreinforcingsteelbars,calledrebar,supportthehotel.[68][131]Theextensiveuseofconcretemakesthe
buildingmorefireproof.Ofthe$600millionconstructionbudget,$130millionwasearmarkedfortheJames
McHughConstructionCo,whohandledthe180,000cubicyard(140,000m3)concreteonlyportionofthe
job.[103]
TwoearlierbusinessdecisionsbytheChicagoSunTimesledtosubstantialsavings
oftimeandmoneyduringtheTrumpTower'sconstruction.Theoriginal1950ssea
wallwasbuiltbythenewspapercompanytobombshelterthickness,towithstanda
ColdWarattack,andthusdidnothavetobebrokendownandrebuilt.
Furthermore,thecompanydecidedinthe1970stoswitchfrompetroleumbasedto
soybasedink,whichreducedgroundpollutionfromtheprintingplant.This
considerablyreducedthecostsandtimeforcleaningupthesitepriortobuilding
anew.[1]
OnAugust16,2008,constructioncrewsmadethelastmajorconcretepourtotop
offtheTrumptower'sconcretecore,whichwascommemoratedwithanunofficial
ceremony.Tocelebratethemilestone,ayellowtowercraneraisedabucketfullof
concreteandanAmericanflagtotherooftopoftheskyscraper.Anotherceremony
occurredonAugust19,whenconstructionsupervisors,structuralengineersand
Thecomponentsectionsofthe companyrepresentativesfromMcHughConstructionmadeaminorconcretepour
spireweredeliveredby atthetopoftheTrumptower.[132]ThoughDonaldTrumpwasabsentfrombothof
helicopter theseceremonies,he,DonaldJr.,IvankaandEricTrumpattendedthetoppingoff
partyonSeptember24,2008.Originalplanscalledforthewindowstobe
completedandthespireerectedinOctober2008.[133]However,thespire
installationwasdelayedthroughhighwindsinDecember2008,[134]andwasfinallycompletedonJanuary3,
2009.[135]Kamin'scriticalopinionisthatthespireisnotaestheticallycomplementary.[81]
AttheSeptember2008toppingoffceremony,DonaldTrumpmarketedhishotelbyexpressingdoubtsaboutthe
ChicagoSpireeverbeingcompletedduetothefinancialcrisisof20072009.[136][137]However,DonaldJr.said
thattheywerefortunatetocompletetheproject,whiletheSpireandWaterviewTowerwereamongdevelopments
hitbytheeconomicslowdownthatfollowedthefinancialcrisis.[138]Occupancyhadbegunonlowerfloor
condominiumsatthetimeoftheceremony.[139]
ResidentsoftheTrumpbuildingarezonedtoChicagoPublicSchools,[140]morespecificallytoOgdenSchooland
WellsCommunityAcademyHighSchool.[141][142]
Afteropening
Residentialunitsales
Trump'shotelwas25%unsoldatthetimeofthe2008toppingoffceremony,and
wasexpectedtoneedthemid2009constructionloanextensionthathascaused
legalcomplications.[143]Trumphadsoldallbut36ofthebuilding's486residential
condosattheendof2012,and15remainedunsoldattheendof2013.[31]ByMay
15,2014onlysixunitsremainedforsaleincludingthreethatwereusedasthesales
centerandsalesmodels.[144]
Severallocalcelebritiespurchasedunitsinthebuilding,includingnumerous
professionalathletes.JuwanHoward,RexGrossman(whohasputhisunitonthe
market),andPatrickKaneareamongthepurchasersofTrumpproperties.[145]
DerrickRosepurchaseda$2.8million3,102squarefoot(288.2m2)condoin
spring2012.[146]OtherprominentpurchasersofunitsincludedMcDonald'sChief
ExecutiveandPresidentDonThompsonandWMAQTV(NBC5Chicago)
TheTowerin2012
presidentandgeneralmanagerDavidDoebler.[147][148]UnitedAirlinesCEOJeffSmisekandHuronConsulting10/25
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Chicago)
presidentandgeneralmanagerDavidDoebler.[147][148]UnitedAirlinesCEOJeffSmisekandHuronConsulting
GroupCEOJamesRothalsopurchasedpropertiesinthebuilding.[149]
Twounitsonthe87thand88thfloorssoldforpricesinexcessof$5millionin2009directlyfromthedeveloper.
Afterafewsoftyearsintherealestatemarket,ittookuntilAugust2014,forunitstosellforpricesinexcessof
$1000persquarefoot.Twounitssoldforover$3millionthatmonthincludinga$3.99millionsale,whichwasthe
highestsalepriceinthebuildingsince2009.[150][151]Thepenthousesoldfor$17millioninlate2014toSanjay
Shah,thefounderandCEOofVistex.[152][153]
InMay2016,aonebedroomunitwithaparkingspacebecamethefirstlistedChicagoonebedroomunittofetch
over$1,100asquarefootwhenMarkandDeborahHellmanmovedtheirinterestsfromaonebedroomtoatwo
bedroomunitinthebuilding.[154]Overall,however,realestateobserversnoticedaslowdowninTrumpTower
salesduetothecontroversialnatureoftheDonaldTrumppresidentialcampaign,2016:prospectivebuyerswho
werehappywiththeactualtowerresidenceswereunsuretheywantedtobeassociatedwiththeTrumpname.[155]
Retailoccupancy
Sincecompletingthebuilding,Trumphasfailedtoattractasingletenanttoanyofthebuilding'sretailspaces.[156]
Floodsin2014
InFebruaryafteroneroundofdrinkservice,threemenweredeniedfurtherserviceatSixteenduetotheirapparent
intoxicationandasapayback,thethreepulledwhatwasintendedtobeaprank.Theysetofffirealarmsand
openedafifthfloorstairwellChicagoFireDepartmentstandpipevalveandfloodedelevatorshaftswiththousands
ofgallonsofwateranddamagedwoodwork,electricalcircuitryandmarble.Theresultingdamagewasestimatedat
$700,000andthethreefacedfelonycriminaldamagetopropertycharges.[157]
OnJune26,apipeburstnearthewestpublicparkingentrance,causingthefirstfloorofthetowertoflood.[158]
Protests
ProtesterssurroundingTrumpTowerChicagoonNovember9,2016
AftertheelectionofDonaldTrumpaspresidentin2016,thebuildingbecamearallyingpointforprotestersofthe
election.[159]
Criticalreview
Fodor'sChicago2010ranksthehotelashavingoneofthebestspasandoneofthebestpoolsinthecity.Italso
rankedthehotelasaFodor'sChoiceamongChicagolodgingoptions.[160]Fodor'salsonotesthatthehotelhas
impeccableserviceandlavishamenities,butalsonotesthatthehotelmaybeabit"toodecadent",withofferings
suchas$25bottlesofwater.[161]
Frommer'sChicago2010describesthehotelashavingthegorgeousviewsand
upscaleamenitiestoprovideaplacetogotolivethelifeofawealthytourist.[162]
Thebuildingispraisedforitslocation,whichprovidesasmanyviewsalongthe
ChicagoRiveraspossible.Itsmodernarchitectureispraisedfor"contemporary
synthesisofadjacentbuildingfabricsandmodulations"thatpreservethecity's
architecturalheritageandintegratetheriverfrontsetting.[14]
BlackBookMagazine'sGuidetoChicagodescribestheHotelasanembodimentof
poshnesswhichgivesthevisitorbraggingrightsuponhis/herreturnhome.[163]
ForbesTravelGuidedescribesthehotelashavinganunderstatedupscalelobby,
sophisticatedlounge,gorgeousrestaurantandlavishroomswithamazing
views.[164]ItalsodescribesthehotelasbefittingoftheTrumpnameinseveral
ways.[165]
Towerasviewedfromthe
TimeOutdescribesthebuildingasa"testamenttoavibrant21stcenturyoptimism ChicagoRiverbeforethe
inChicago".[166]Itnotesthatthehotelmeetsallexpectationsattachedtothename Trumpsignwasadded
Trumpintermsofluxury,modernconveniencesandspeakshighlyofthe
views.[167]
InsightGuidesdescribesthebuilding'sarchitecturalswaggerasfittingforthepostSeptember11attacks
skyline.[168]TenyearsaftertheSeptember11attacks,Kamindescribedthebuildingastheonethat"bestreveals
howtheSept.11terroristattackseitherdidordidnotchangearchitecture".Kaminclarifiedhisbelief:
SimplybyvirtueofstandingthereandbybeingthetallestAmericanbuildingbuiltsincethe1974
completionofSears(nowWillis)TowerTrumpconfoundsthosewhopredictedafter9/11thaticonic
skyscraperswouldneverbebuiltagain.Atthesametime,Trump'sheightoriginallypeggedatmore
than2,000feetbuteventuallyscaledbackto1,362feetsuggeststhatthefearspawnedbytheattacks
didhavesomeeffect.
BlairKamin,ChicagoTribune[169]
Chicagoskylineatsunrisethetoweristowardstherightofthepicture,standingleftnexttoTwoPrudentialPlaza.
Inpopularculture
Thebuilding'splanningandredesignledtopublicityinlocalandnationalmediabothbeforeandduringits
construction.Forexample,onSeptember19,2007,theTrumpInternationalHotelandTowerwasfeaturedonan
episodeoftheDiscoveryChannelseriesBuildItBiggertitled"HighRiskTower".[170]
ThefinalconfrontationscenebetweenBatmanandTheJokerinthe2008filmTheDarkKnightwasshotatthe
constructionsiteofthethenpartiallycompletedtower.[171]
WhenFoxNewsChannelembarkedonitsmonthlong6citytourtocelebrateits15thanniversary,NeilCavuto
broadcastthenetwork's1hourYourWorldwithNeilCavutoshowfromtheriverwalkattheTrumpInternational
Hotel&ToweronOctober3,2011.[172]
ThetowerwasalsooneofthekeylocationsfilmedinChicagoforthe2011filmTransformers:Darkofthe
Moon.[173][174]
Seealso
Listofbuildingsandstructures
ListoftallestbuildingsinChicago
ListoftallestbuildingsintheUnitedStates
Listoftallestbuildingsintheworld
ListofthingsnamedafterDonaldTrump
Notes
^a:Viewingthebuildingfromtheeast(alongtheChicagoRiver,e.g.),oneseesthattheMarinaCitytowers
beyondtheTrumpInternationalHotelandTowerdonotlineupwiththesecondsetback.
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Externallinks
TrumpInternationalHotel&TowerChicago(http://www.trumphotels.com/chicago/)OfficialHotelWebsite
TrumpInternationalHotel&TowerChicago(https://web.archive.org/web/20100301105052/http://www.tru
mpchicago.com/_files/pdf/brochure.pdf)OfficialRealEstateWebsite
TrumpOrganization(http://www.trump.com/)OfficialWebsite
TrumpInternationalHotel&Tower(http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/trumpinternationalhoteltower/2
03)onCTBUHSkyscraperCenter
ChicagoTribunestorygallery(http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/chitrumpstorygallery,0,7039151.st
orygallery)
archive(http://articles.chicagotribune.com/keyword/trumptower)atChicagoTribune
TrumpTowerFloorplans(http://lucidrealty.com/trump_tower.php#floorplans)
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