ANTHROPODS

are animals that are members of the phylum Arthropoda. More than 80% of all of the
animals in the world are arthropods. With such a large group of animals, there is quite a lot of
diversity - and quite a lot of examples - but they do have some similar traits.

MILLIPEDE

Millipedes - Diplopoda.

Millipedes are long-bodied arthropods that have two pairs of legs for each segment, with the
exception of the first few segments behind the head which have no leg pairs or only one leg pair.
Millipedes feed on decaying plant matter.

PORCELAIN CRAB
Porcelain crab - Porcellanidae.

This porcelain crab is not really a crab at all. In fact, it belongs to a group of crustaceans that are
more closely related to squat lobsters than to crabs. Porcelain crabs have a flat body and long
antennae.

ROSY LOBSTERETTE

Rosy lobsterette - Nephropsis rosea.

The rosy lobsterette is a species of lobster that inhabits the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and
northward to the waters around Bermuda. It inhabits waters of depths between 1,600 and 2,600
feet.

DRAGONFLY
Dragonfly - Anisoptera.

Dragonflies are large-eyed insects with two pairs of long, broad wings and a long body.
Dragonflies resemble damselflies but adults can be distinguished by the way they hold their
wings when resting. Dragonflies hold their wings away fro their body, either at right angles or
slightly forward. Damselflies rest with their wings folded back along their bodies. Dragonflies
are predatory insects and feed on mosquitoes, flies, ants and other small insects.

LADYBUG

Ladybug Coccinellidae.

Ladybugs, also known as ladybirds, are a group of beetles that range in color from yellow to
orange to bright red. They have small black spots on their wing covers. Their legs, head, and
antennae are black. There are more than 5,000 species of ladybugs and they occupy a variety of
habitats around the globe.
CNIDARIAN

MEDITERRANEAN JELLYFISH

The Mediterranean jellyfish (Cotylorhiza tuberculata), also known commonly as the fried egg
jellyfish, is a species of jellyfish that inhabits the Mediterranean Sea, Adriatic Sea and Aegean
Sea.

BUBBLE TIP ANEMONE

The bubble-tip anemone (Entacmaea quadricolor) is a species of sea anemone that includes four
different color variationsrose, orange, red and green. The bubble-tip anemone is native to
Indo-Pacific waters. This anemone perhaps best known for providing protection for several
species anemone fishes, including the cinnamon anemonefish.

BUTTON POLYP CORAL

Button polyp corals belong to a group of cnidarians known as the Zoantharia. Zoantharia take on
numerous different forms and colors. Some live as individual polyps while others form large
colonies. Most Zoantharia species have tentacles that are arranged in two rows.

HYDROZOA

Hydrozoans make up a group of predatory cnidarians that includes animals such as freshwater
jellies, Portuguese Man o' War, Obelia, and chondrophores.
BRAIN CORAL

Brain coral - Favia pallida

Brian corals make up a group of cnidarians known as the Faviidae. Brain corals form large
spherical colonies that have deep grooves on their surface. These colonial animals secrete a hard
skeleton made of calcium carbonate and as a result are among the species of corals the help to
build coral reefs.
ECHINODERMS
Echinoderms (Echinodermata) are a group of marine invertebrates that includes star fish, sea
lilies, feather stars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers and sea urchins. There are about 6000 species of
echinoderms alive today.

STARFISH

Starfish - Asteroidea.

Starfish (Asteroidea) are a group of echinoderms that include about 1,500 living species. Starfish
live in marine waters throughout a variety of depths, from the intertidal zone to abyssal zone (as
deep as 20,000 feet below the water's surface). Starfish have an easily recognized form, with a
central body disc from which five or more arms radiate outward. Starfish have a water vascular
system that enables them to move, as well as to transport waste materials and breath. The under-
side of their arms are lined with tiny tube feet that adhere to surfaces such as the sea floor or
rocks and enable the sea star to move.
SEA CUCUMBER

Unlike other echinoderms, holothurians don't have a distinct radial symmetry but are bilateral
(distinct dorsal and ventral side). Holothurians are also called sea cucumbers. As their name
suggests, they are cucumber shaped with an elongated, muscular, flexible body with a mouth at
one end and the anus at the other. Around the mouth there is a number of tentacles (modified
tube feet) used in food collecting. Sea cucumbers come in many sizes, from small species only a
few centimeter in length to long snakelike animals which may stretch up to 2 meter!

FEATHER STAR

Feather stars also known as crinoids. They are characterized by radial symmetry. The body of a
typical feather star is cup-shaped, their numerous feathery arms project from a central disc. Some
have five arms, others as many as 200. The arms, called pinnules are coated with a sticky
substance that helps to catch food. There are appendages known as cirri attached to the underside
of the body with which they cling to to sponges or corals. Both their mouth and their anus are
situated on the upper side.
BRITTLE STAR

Brittle stars are close relatives of sea stars. Characterized by radial symmetry with a central body
from which five snakelike arms protrude. The arms are highly flexible. There is no replication of
internal organs, just one set in the central disk. Compared to starfish, brittle stars have a much
smaller central disc and no anus. Wastes are eliminated through the mouth which is situated on
the underside center.

SEA URCHIN

Radial symmetrical body with a external chitinous skeleton and a centrally located jaw (called
Aristotle's lantern) with horny teeth. The mouth consists of a complex arrangement of muscles
and plates surrounding the circular opening. The anus is located on the upper surface. Some sea
urchins have a spherical, bulb like cloaca (to store fecal material) that protrudes from the anal
opening. It can be withdrawn into the shell.
MOLLUSCS
The molluscs or mollusks compose the large phylum of invertebrate animals known as the
Mollusca. Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. Molluscs are the largest
marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms.

TRIDACNA

- the giant clam, a Pelycopod

A typical bivalve mollusc seen here end-on embedded in a coral reef, the blue region is the soft
tissues which are outlined on each side by the two shells that make it a bi-valve. Tridacna like
most bivalves is a filter feeder.

HELIX
 a common garden Gastropod
Scourge of gardeners and beloved of illustrators of children's books. The land snail approach to
life is remarkably successful, eat many kinds of plants, only come out when it's safe, hide the rest
of the time, when times get hard retreat into shell and seal yourself in for a while.

OCTUPOS

a Cephalopod Mollusc
Members of the Cephalopods have either no shell (as here) or a very modified internalized shell
as in squid and cuttlefish

MARINE GASTROPOD

A Mollusc
Gastropods usually glide along on their single large foot, they often have a number of soft
appendages, eyes, tentacles etc. that may emerge when they are moving. They are able to
withdraw all soft parts into the shell for protection, sometimes being able to seal the shell
opening with a hardened disc or clamping down onto a rock for protection using the foot as a
holdfast. Some members of the group have lost or internalized their shell.
NAUTILUS

This belongs to a very ancient group of Cephalopod Molluscs. The animal is similar to a
squid or octopus except it lives in a large shell that grows with the animal. The shell is
compartmentalized and the animal lives in the last and largest chamber, the rest of the shell
functions as an adjustable buoyancy device.
SEGMENTED WORMS
Segmented worms (phylum Annelida) are so named because of their elongated, more or less
cylindrical bodies divided by grooves into a series of ringlike segments. Typically, the external
grooves correspond to internal partitions called septa, which divide the internal body space into a
series of compartments.

Typical Annelids - Segmented Worms

A polychaete bloodworm, Glycera sp.

The paddles used for swimming can be seen clearly in this picture. Such bloodworms have the
red respiratory pigment, haemoglobin, which allows them to get oxygen from oxygen poor
environments such as mud.

A LEECH IN A FRESHWATER STREAM

picture used permission of Chris Schuster
published under Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.0 License

EARTHWORM, LUMBRICUS SP.

The top end is the front, note that this is rounded while the tail end is noticeably flattened. The
pale ring about 1/4 of the way along is the "clitellum", this is involved in reproduction and egg
case formation.
EARTHWORMS CASTS

The basic material of many rich soils around the world. Earthworms swallow the finer parts of
the soil in order to absorb the bacteria and other micro-organisms contained, they then void the
waste. In this way, they sort out the finer parts of the soil and bring them to the surface. They
draw down dead leaves and other plant material and help to incorporate them into the soil.

TOMOPTERID WORM

Swimming above Davidson Seamount at 389 meters water depth.

SPONGES
Sponges are animals of the phylum Porifera (/prfr/; meaning "pore bearer"). They are
multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate
through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells.
Sponges have unspecialized cells that can transform into other types and that often migrate
between the main cell layers and the mesohyl in the process. Sponges do not
have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems. Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant
water flow through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes.

AGELAS CONIFERA,

the Brown Tube Sponge. Typically smooth walled, brown to tan in color, smooth, velvety in
appearance. Grow in clusters, joined at base.

APLYSINA CAULIFORMIS

the Row Pore Rope Sponge. Long rows of excurrent siphons. Occur in tints of purple, reds.
ATERGIA SP.

Distinct species with octopus-sucker like papillations. Occur in red to white color on dead coral,
protected regions. .

CALLYSPONGIA SPECIES

Blue Callyspongia. A species of Hawaiian sponge found living exposed on the open reef
CINACHYRA SP

Orange Ball Sponge. Tropical West Atlantic, to 100 foot depth, under ledges, in protected areas.
To about 1/2 foot diameter orange ball-shapes, with many excurrent siphons riddling their
surface.