Interpreting Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams-Symbology - AIChE

1/3/2017 InterpretingPipingandInstrumentationDiagramsSymbology|AIChE
AICh CCP CI If Giving Academ ngage
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Wherechemicalengineermixitup.
Home InterpretingPipingandIntrumentationDiagram-molog
InterpretingPipingandIntrumentationDiagram-
molog
RoertCook 2/5intheerieHowtoInterpretPipingandIntrumentationDiagram
Withaitofmoke,aFewMirrorandaDegreeinHieroglphic,AnoneCan
LearntoReadaP&ID.
P22,2010 Part3-mologPrimer
COMMNT(35) WelcomeacktoPart3folk!Letmeapologizeattheoutetforthedelain
gettingthipotedoonerutwehadourLaorDaholidahereinthe
UAlatweekandoddlenough,wetendNOTtoworkonLaorDa.Go
AICH
figure...IuppoeithouldecalledlackerdaecaueIrealldidn'tdo
muchthewholeweekend.Inanevent,I'mackintheaddleolet'recap
Topic:
thelattwoparteforewehitthetrailagain.Wehavealotofgroundto
quipment covereforeunet.
PlantOperation Part1talkedaoutwhtheinterpretationofP&IDiimportantto
Proceafet everoneinvolvedintheplanning,deign,andcontructionthrough
operationofaproceplant.
hareThiPot: Part2decriedthevarioufunctionP&IDerveandhighlightedthe
22 kindofinformationtheconve,alongwiththeupportdocumentthat
arecommonlaociatedwiththem.Wealotalkedaoutomeoftheir
weaknee.
http://www.aiche.org/chenected/2010/09/interpretingpipingandinstrumentationdiagramssymbology 1/27
Withtherequiiteacademicoutofthewa,it'timetofocuontheexcitingtuff-P&IDmologinterpretation.
That'thegoalIhadwhenItartedthierieandgoll,I'mtickingtoit.However,I'mgoingtowarnouup
front-thiiaigpartintheerie,figurativelandliterallpeaking.Imightevenepuhingthelimitof
Chenected.com'ervercapacitutIdidmettoalancereadthofcontentwithdepthofdetail.IfouthinkI
hort-changedanareaandwouldlikemoredetailonantopic,pleaeletmeknowviathecommenttem.I'll
domettoolige.
LeadheetDefinemolog
AImentionedinPart2,themeaningofthevarioumoluedonP&ID(aka,molog)aredefinedon
eparatedrawingcalled"Leadheet"(orLegendheet).Theeareour"ecretdecoderring"toP&IDmolog
interpretation.vercompanthatuildproceplanthouldhaveaetofleadheetcutomizedtotheir
particularwaandmean.Havingeenanumerofleadheetovertheear,Icantellouthatmotofthemare
jutvariationonacoreetofgenerallacceptedmolandnotationthatengineerandindutrorganization
haveettledonadefactotandardovertheear.TheleadheetIprovideintheupportingfiledownloadto
thierieincludethefollowing;
D001-IntrumentationandValve
D002-Code,Tag,andLael
Here'thegoodnew-theeleadheetinclude90.00?0.05%ofwhatouneedtoknow.erioul,theignificant
digitarerighthere,Icheckedthem.Yeah,Irealizeomecompaniehavemorethantwoleadheet,fourorfive
even.ProalevenafewwithixorevenjuttoproveapointIuppoe,utthenumerofleadheetin't
important.Whatiimportantithatthearelogicallorganizedothatthemolandtagcanelocatedeail.
Poorlorganizedand/orincompleteleadheetwilljutfrutratefolkwhoturntothemforhelpoit'important
tokeepthemneat,concieandlogical.AndthetwoIpreentherehouldeup-front-and-centerinouret.
RelatedtothecontentIincludeontheexampleleadheet,oumighthavenoticedaconpicuouaenceoflead
heetformajorequipment,i.e.,tank,pump,andundritemtpicallincludedinproceplant,etc.It'good
tohaveleadheetforthatkindoftuff;I'mnotgoingtoaotherwie.However,Ihavegeneralltoppeduing
theminmgroupecaue;
1.Itialmotalwaelf-evidentwhatamolrepreentformajorequipment,and
2.venifit'notapparent,themajorequipmentialwataggedandnamedwithomegeneralpecification
providedalongoneedgeofthedrawing.Iunderlinealwaecauethat'thewaithoulde.Idon'twantto
deateit.Jutmakeito!
Aidefromtheereaon,it'toughtokeepanequipmentleadheetupdatedwhenneworcutomequipmentthat
doen'treallhaveanindutrtandardmoliaddedtoadrawingforaparticularjo.Icouldgoonregarding
thetopicofmolformajorequipmentutthiiatopicIdecidednottoexpandonintheinteretoffocuing
moreontheintrumentationandcontrolideofmolog.hootmeanoteifouwanttodicuthimore.
Caveatmptor
eforewemoveon,Iwanttoaddretheoperationfolkhereinattendance:Keepinmindthatreadingand
undertandingP&IDiacoretopicofoperatortraining.Andthattraininghappenlongeforeoutepon-ite.In
fact,ouhouldknowthituffeforeouentertheroomaateammemeronaProceHazardAnali.Aa
proceengineeratheart,Iviewoperationam#1clientandworkhardtomakeurethatthefullundertand
theplantanditprocedureothatitcanafelandefficientlmeetitojective.Ifouareinanoperation
group,ouarenotexpectedtohaveitallfiguredoutjutfromreadingthieriealone.However,thefollowing
ectionhoulderveaaolidprimer.AndIwillmakeouaimplepromie-olongaoudon'tgetoredand
tartdadreamingaoutwhetherrockLenerwillremaintheUFCheavweightchampionforthenextfiveear
(Idon'teven...),ouwilldefinitelwalkawafromthieriewithaolid,functionalundertandingofP&ID!If
oudon't,callmeandIwillrefundourmone,noquetionaked.
IntrumentationandControlmolog
We'llkickthingoffwithwhathatraditionalleenviewedathe"hardetpart"ofP&IDinterpretation,thatof
coureeingintrumentationandcontrol.Inmexperience,thiitheareathatgivenewcomerthemotgrief.
Trutme,it'notthathardandonceouhavethiareaconquered,everthingafterthatitupidimpleandthe
learningcurvewillkrocket.
ThemainmoluedforIntrumentationandControl(I&C)arehowninthetaleaove.Whenoupotoneof
theeonaP&ID,ouwillealetogleanthreethingfromit,including:
1.Whatithatdevice?
2.Whereiitlocated?
3.Whiitthere?
The'what'and'where'apectcanedeterminedfromthemolhape.The'wh'partcomefromtextplaced
inidethemolthatimadeupoftwopartthatformthe"tagnumer".Thiinclude:
1.Anareviationforwhatthedevicei(aedonIA5.1),cominedwitha
2.Loopnumeraedonourcompan'preferrednumeringtem
eforeIdigintothitopicmoreheavil,it'worthprovidingacoupleimpletagnumerexampleaalead-in.
PreureindicatorhavetheareviationPIandtemperatureindicatoruetheareviationTI.Itfollowlogicall
thatflowandlevelindicatoruetheareviationFIandLI,repectivel.incemotplantcanhaveman
intrumentoftheametpe,auniquenumeriappliedothateachonecaneindividuallidentified.Thi
numerioftenreferredtoathe"loopnumer".Thu,thedeviceareviation+loopnumerecometheunique
"tagnumer".Whilethedeviceareviationarelargelaedonacceptedtandard(IA5.1),theloop
numeringtemicompanpecific.Mgrouphappentoueafourdigitnumeringtem.Inthicae,
tpicaltagnumerforpreureandtemperatureindicatorinourplantwillePI0134andTI4348,repectivel.
Youcouldevenreuetheloopnumer"0134"todefineothertpeofdevice,uchaalevelindicator,LI0134or
flowindicator,FI0134.Theameholdtrueforloopnumer"4348";itmaeuedforPI4348,LI4348andH4348
(whereHtandforHandwitch).Thekepointithattheareviation+loopnumermuteuniqueforeach
deviceotherwie,itcannoteuniquelidentified.Youcangetcreativeandapplpecialprefixe(oruffix)
numertothetagnumerwhenouwanttoreuetheametag(likeincaewhereouhaveredundantdevice
utoudon'twantthemtohavedifferentloopnumer).IwillgetintothoewhenwelookattheexampleP&ID.
utthatidetailtuff.
Whatithatcontrolmol?
Refertothefirtrowinthetaleaove.Acirclemoliquiteimplanphicalintrumentordeviceinthe
fieldoronapanel.Itdoen'tmatterifitialeveltranmitter,aflowmeter,apreuregaugeoromeothertpeof
indicator.Ifitiaphicaldevicethatmeaureordiplaomething,itwilleillutratedtheueofacircleon
aP&ID.NoticealohowIplacedthetagnumerPI0134inidethemol.Thecommonpracticeitoplacethe
devicefunctionareviationonthetopline,withtheloopnumerattheottom.Whenthedeviceiorderedanda
tampedtagirequeted,ithouldmatchthetagnumerplacedinidethemolontheP&ID.Aide:ometime,
ouwillhearfolkrefertothemolaintrument"ule".Thiijutjargonthaticommonlued.When
ouhearit,theareimplreferringcategoricalltothemolhapeIamtalkingaoutinthipart.Jutactlike
ou'veeencallingthemuleforearandhownowignofconfuion!
Movedowntothemolontheecondrowofthetale-theonethathowacircleinideofaquare.Theeare
uedtorepreentagraphiconacomputercreenorcontrolpanelthatoucaneeandpoilinterfacewithvia
touchpaneloracomputermoue.Itmighteuedtohowthelevelinatank(athetanumerintheule
hownhereugget)orrepreentahandwitchthatoucanclickonwiththemouetotartapump(oramillion
otherthing!).Thepointiifoucaneeitonacontrolcreen,itwillerepreentedaacircleinideaquareon
P&ID.Don'takmewhodecidedthi,itwan'tme!Thelattworowareformolthatletthereaderknowa
computeriuedtodoomeortofcomplexproceing.Inthecaeofthehexagon,itmeana"computer"iued.
That'aprettvaguedecriptiondon'touthink?Imean,iourplanta"PCoraMac"?Idon'twanttogetintothat
deate(mwifeueaMac,otherwieIwould)utmpointithatomeoftheemolegintohowtheir
deate(mwifeueaMac,otherwieIwould)utmpointithatomeoftheemolegintohowtheir
quaintage.
Inthecaeofaquarewithadiamondinit,thatmeanaprogrammalelogiccontroller(PLC)iued.Ahe,the
veneralePLC-tillhangingtoughafteralltheeear.venifouarenotfamiliarwithcontrolcomputeror
PLC,don'tweatit.Jutknowthattheemolreallrepreentoftwareintructionthatengineerwriteto
definetheautomatedehavioroftheplant.Forexample,codethattellapumptoautomaticalltopwhenthe
tankitipumpingfromrunlow.Thatwouldeao-calledlowlevelinterlocktpefunctionthatwouldexita
intructioninideaPLC.Inthiintance,alevelelementprovidetheinputandthecomputerrunaetof
intructionthata'topthepump'iftanklevelilow.TheemolareoftenleftoffofP&IDecauethereall
don'tprovideanualeinformationthatoucouldgetoutofjutlookingatthemol.Forexample,inthe
impleexamplethatIjutprovided,howcouldoudecriethelowlevelinterlockuingamolthatlooklikea
quarewithadiamondinit?Youcouldn't!YouwouldneedtoupplementtheP&IDwithawrittendecriptionof
whattheplantiuppoedtodowithalloftheinputitreceive.othemolwouldjuttakeuppaceandclutter
thedrawingfornogoodreaonotherthanperhapprovideomepointerviaatagnumertocodedintruction.
uttheP&IDervetheproce,nottheprogrammerowecan'thavethat!
mologtarPower!
ThiringmetothearitrartarratingIgaveallofthemolinthetale(ee"o'Review"keatottomof
tale).Folk,thiin'tpulihedtheIA(aifIhadtoqualifthi...)utwe'veeentogetherlongenoughforou
toknowthatthiihowIroll.It'mwaofexplainingthefrequencandimportanceoftheemolinmot
cae.Heregoe.Foreachmol,IrateitaedonhowoftenittpicallhowupondrawingthatIhaveworked
onovertheear.verplantidifferentutthereiageneralthemehere.Iviewmolwithonlonetara
prettmuchueleecauetheatractconceptthearetringtoillutrateimplcan'tedoneeffectivelwith
jutmolog.Twotarmolhavevalueutmanothowupveroftenoratallinmancae,dependingon
thetpeofplantanditdeign.AnthingatoraovethreetariaceleritinourP&IDfeaturepreentation.
We'retalkingArnoldchwarzenegger,whereatheonetarmoliakintothenondecriptenignkilledoffin
thefirtfiveminuteofatarTrekepiode.owhataoutthoequizzicalcomputermolthatIpokefunof?
Well,oucantilluethemifouwantuttheneedheavupportfromadocumentthatdecrieallofthe
functionalrequirementofaplantandthatitpicallcalledaFunctional[Control]Decription.Maeinafuture
erie(ifou'regood),wewillcoverfunctionalcontrolapect.OhGood!Icanalmoteneourjoatthe
thought!He,paattentionandnomartremark.Wetillhaveworktodohere!
Whereithedevicelocated?
Ifouglanceackatthetale,ouwilleethattherearefourcolumnthatprovidethe'Where'partofamol.
Now,awedicuedinPart2ofthierie,P&IDgenerallaren'tgoodathowingouwhereomethingilocated
inthefield.Wearen'ttalkingaoutthatkindof'where'.Inthicae,weareuingwhereaarelativereference.
Relativelocationiindicatedviathepreenceofacentered,horizontalline(orlackthereof),adualcentered
horizontalline,oradahedcenteredhorizontallineplacedinidethemol;
1.inglehorizontalline-locatedonamaincontrolpanelnearthecontrolroomoromecomputercreeninthe
maincontrolroom,
2.Nohorizontalline-locatedomewhereinthefield,proalcloetothegeneralareahownontheP&ID,
3.Doulehorizontalline-onomeecondar(atellite)localpanelinthefield.
4.ingledahedhorizontalline-inacceileornotgeneralllocatedwhereitcaneeailacceedorviewed.
4.ingledahedhorizontalline-inacceileornotgeneralllocatedwhereitcaneeailacceedorviewed.
Maaloeuedforhiddenorpawordprotectedareaofacontroltem.
Noticeintheaoveitem,nopecificlocationinformationiprovided,onlthatthedeviceorgraphiciaociated
witharelative,generallocation.Inmancae,it'nothardtofigureoutwhereomethingijutfromwherethe
moliatonthedrawing.uttherearelimittowhatthemolcanconve.
MoreontheDahe
IhavefoundthatthedahedlinemolcancaueconfuionoIwanttopeakonthoeaitmore.Whenouee
amoluchatheonehownatleft,thatimplmeanthatoucan'tnormalleeitorworkwiththatdeviceit
inthefield.Itmighteintalledehindorinideofapanelothatitinormallnotinview(inacceiletothe
operator).ointhemolhownhere,acirclewithadahedlineinthemiddlemeanitianintrumentor
devicethatoucan'tnormalleeorgetto.Ifouareanoperator,itiproalomethingoudonotneedtogetto
utitmighttillevitallimportanttotheplantcontroltem,owehowitthiwaonaP&ID.Inaimilar
fahion,agraphicdiplamolwithadahedlineinthemiddleimplmeanthatthiportionofthecontrol
temipawordprotectedorhiddenfromnormalviewonacreenoroperatingpanelooucan'tgettoit
unleouknowtheecretaccecode.It'notthatpeoplearekeepingecretfromou(ormaethe
are...hmmmm);it'jutthatitmightcontainimportantettingthatnoodhouldeverneedtomewith.
Whithatdevicehere?
You'vecomealongwatowardundertandingcontrolmolog.Youcannowidentifwhatacontrolmol
repreentanditrelativelocationintheplant.utoutilldon'tknowwhit'there.It'nothelpfultoknowhow
toidentifacontrolmoltpeifoucannotexplainwhatpurpoeiterveintheplant.Thatithepointofthe
textualareviationplacedinidethemol.Wetouchedonthiaitaoveonowletcovertheeenceof
whatouneedtoknow-andkeepinmind,comeofthiithewaIliketodothing,whichdoen'tnecearil
meanititheetoronlwa.Refertothefigureelowentitled"IntrumentmolTagIdentification".Acontrol
molwilltpicallcontaintwolineinideit,afollow:
1.UpperLine-anareviationforthefunctionalititprovide(aedontheIA5.1tandard),and
2.LowerLine-aloopnumerthatcorrepondtotheequipmentorareaitiaociatedwith(oraedonour
compan'preferredtandard).
Theupperlinetextareviation,alongwiththelowerlinetagnumermakeuptheuniquemolidentification
tag.Itiimportantthateachmolhaveauniquetagothatitcaneindividuallidentified.Inthiexample,the
molwouldereferredtoaPDIT1703inaprocedocumentoroperatingprocedure.Theremaeaunchof
othermolwith1703inthem,utthemuthaveadifferenttextareviationeforethe1703orouwon'te
aletouniquelidentifit.Part4ofthieriewilltalkmoreaouttpicaldevicetaggingprotocolutfornow;
coniderthiour"IntroductiontoTagging101".
TheletteronthefirtlineareinaccordancewithIAtandard5.1,adecriedintheupperleftcorneroflead
heetD001.achletterprovideuniqueinformation.WecanuethetaleinD001todeterminethatthimol
repreent:
repreent:
1."P"-FirtLettertandfor"Preure"
2."D"-econdletteriamodifierforthefirtandtandfor"Differential"
3."I"-Thirdlettertandfor"Indicating"
4."T"-Fourthlettertandfor"Tranmitter"
5.1703itheloopnumer(thelectricalngineeringeggheadneedloopnumertoo)
Iliketoaeloopnumerofftheaociatedmajorequipment.That'jutme,andIthinkitmakegoodene.ut
ifourcompanueadifferenttechnique,rollwithit.Nowinotthetimetoearenegadecreatorofnewtagging
tem.Fightourattleutwinourwar!ointhicae,wehaveapreuredifferentialindicatingtranmitter
intalledonequipment1703.Youmighteeuchadeviceacroatrainerinletandoutlettoletouknowwhatthe
preuredropiacroitothatoucancleanitwhenitgethigh.
CommonIntrumentAreviation
Thereareanumerofintrumentlettercominationthatouarelikeltocomeacroalot.Afewoftheeare
litedinthefiguretitled"CommonPrimarDevicemol".Theeexamplewillhelpougetomepractice
undertandingtheareviationuedforcontrolmol.YoucancomparetheexampletothetaleonD001to
getthehangofit.Theeexampleallrepreentfield-mounteddevice.Weknowthatecauetheareallimple
circlemolwithnohorizontalline.Itoldouthiwapretttraightforward!
Thehardetpartindecipheringtheareviationinidecontrolmolifiguringoutwhattheletterdeignate
whentherearethreeormoreletterued.Hereareacoupleruleofthum:
Inthecaeofareviationwithfourletter,theecondletteriamodifiertothefirt.
Whenonlthreeletterareued,theecondletterproalinotamodifier.
Awithan"ruleofthum",oumileagemavar,oifindout,lookitupuingthetaleonD001(orourown
companleadheet).
molAttriute
Dependingonthemolpurpoe,variouotherattriutemaeplacednearcontrolmolin"upporting
role".Theectioncalled"IntrumentAreviation"onleadheetD001defineomeofthemorecommonone
oumightruninto.Theeareimplhelpfulitthatprovidefurtherclarificationfortheituationathand.In
mancae,itihelpfultoknow"ataglance"thatavalveiFC(FailCloed)orthatDIia(DigitalInput).Referto
thitalewhenouencounterareviationuedaroundcontrolmol.
IntrumentInput-Output(I/O)
Depitemajoradvanceincomputertechnologandcommunicationprotocol,manintrumenttilltranmit
theirignaluingatrutanalogignal(viaa4-20ma,24V).Forwitcheddevice,theinputitpicallawitch
thatimplprovideavoltageinput.Whileitinotacommonpracticetohowthetpeofignalaparticular
deviceendtoand/orreceivefromthecontroltem(collectivelreferredtoatheI/O),inmcompanIliketo
emploimpletriangularmolalongtheinterconnectinglinetohelpillutratetheI/Oflow(ifouwill)ona
P&ID.Thiiillutrateduingthemolhowninthefigureelow.Theimportantpointtorememerwhenou
eetheemolithattheI/Oflowialwafromthecontrolcomputer'perpective.Thu,alloutput(DO,AO)
comeoutofaoutputmoduleandgotoomefielddevice.Converel,allinput(DI,AI)areignalfromfield
devicethatflowintoomeinputmodule.OthertpeofI/Othatmarequirepecializedtranducercardor
networkprotocolareometimeued.Forexample,theKTignaliacommontpeofignalthatathermocouple
emplo.YoumahavealoheardofRTDtemperatureenor.Thereareamriadoftranmiionprotocolued
todaandaproceengineer,wedon'tneedtogetcaughtupinthat.utitihelpfultoundertandtheflowofI/O
inaplantanduingtheemoliacheap,eawaofhowingthatwithnopenaltonthecomplexitofthe
drawing!AlloftheI/Omolinvariallinktotheoftwarelinetpe(decriedelow),athiiuedto
illutrateoftwareproceingwithinacomputerorPLC.Youdon'tknowwhatitakingplacejutlookingata
line,utoucaneurethatwhateveriti,theFunctionalControlDecriptionitheplacetolooktofindout.
Linemol
Thekelinetpearehighlightedinthefigureatright.far,themotcommonlinetpeitheolidline,whichi
uedtorepreentapipe.Althoughnothown,aprocelinewithlongdahemeanthepipeiexitingori
outidetheatterlimit(OL)oftheplant.Othercommonlinetpethatouhouldealetoidentifare
electricalignal(anwherewireareemploed),intrumentairtocontrolvalve/device(laeledapneumatic
ignal)andoftwareordatalinkwhichinclude"virtual"communicationuchawhatoccurinideacomputer
programorPLCladderlogic.Theoftwarecanincludeanthingthathappeninideacomputer,utouneeda
functionaldecriptiontoactuallknowwhatthati,awedicuedearlierinthirief.Jutknowthatwhenou
eeaoftwareline,itmeancomputerareatworklinkingthedeviceinomemeaningfulwathatrelatetothe
temcontrol.
ComputingFunction
Theemoldecriethetpeoffunctionthatruninideacomputerprogram.Aprolemwithapplingthee
molithatthedonotreallprovideolidinightintohowtheplanticontrolledincomplexintance.For
thireaon,motP&IDwillmakelimitedueofcomputingfunctionmol.Youcanafelignoretheeandnot
mioutonmuchecauethefunctionalcontroldecriptionireallintendedtodecriecontroldetailthatthee
moltrtoillutrate.
Valvemol
Thefigureelowhowthekemolforthevarioutpeofmanuall-operatedvalveandactuatordetailfor
automatedvalve.Notetheattriutedtemontheactuatortoindicatefailtate.Thiiagoodexampleofuing
attriutetoprovidekeinformationthativalualetooperation.
ConnectionTpe
Regardingconnection,themologhowninthefigureelowitandard.OnepointIwillmakeithatin
platicpipingtem(PVC,CPVCandA),everthingigenerallglueduingaconnectiontpecalled"ocket
weld".However,ocketweldcanaloeappliedtometallicpipingtemwhereaweldedconnectioniemploed
uingocketed(veruuttweld)fitting.Thereinopecificdeignationetweengluedorweldedocket
connection.Norithereamolforthreadedconnection.
Whenoutartgettingintowhattpeofconnectionhouldeuedinaparticularpipe,thiinotreallomething
thatiaedonperonalpreferenceorimplwhatoumighthaveonhandinthemaintenancetrailer.Thii
omethingthatiaedonthinglikethelineervice(what'intheline),condition(temperature,preure),and
otherfactor(likeupportingrequirement).ThikindoftuffidefinedinaMaterialandLinepecification
tandard.Wewon'tcoverthatindetailhereutouknowwhat?Ijutgotanidea!Thiigreattopicforafuture
erie.Thefunneverenddoeit?
Whataoutpipefitting?
Incaeouarewondering(andIknowouwere),P&IDgeneralldonothowpipefitting(elow,tee,union,o-
let,etc.).Norwilltheincludeallthevariouflangedconnection
thatmightactuallexitintheplant.Theearedetailthathowuponpipingplan/ection,iometricand
faricationdrawing.o,unleitiimportanttotheprocedeignforomereaon,fittingandextraneou
flangedconnectionaregenerallnothown.Ifouneedtogetafittingtake-off,lookelewhere!
TranducerFunction
Thiianareathatdefineignalconverion.Onlelectricalengineergetexcitedaoutthituff,andoureall
don'tneedtofocutoomuchonthi.Infact,IalmotkippeditutIjutknowthatifIdidomeonewouldak,o
let'getthioutofthewaecauethielectricaltuffitartingtogetatadoring...Atranduceriomething
thattakeaignalinoneformandconvertinintoanotherformothatitcaneuedadowntreamdevice.For
example,acontrolvalvemaneedairtoactuateutreceiveanelectricalignaltotellittodothat.omehow,ou
havetogettheelectricignalconvertedintoanequivalentairignalothevalvecanmove.Helloignaltranducer.
Inthiparticularexample,anI/P(currenttopneumatic)tranducerinecearothatthevalvecanepoitioned
toandeiredopeningpointwithjutanelectricalignal.Thiithemotcommontranducerfunctionuedin
manplant;theotherlitedarecomparativelrare.o,undertandwhatI/Pmeanwhenoueeitanddon't
worrtoomuchaouttheretofthemfornow.WhenougraduatetoMaterNinjaP&IDinterpreter,thenwewill
focuontheedetail.
PrimarFlowlement
Theemolarenothingmorethangraphicillutrationthatcomplementthecontroluletohelpreaderof
thedrawingmoreeailidentifthetpeofflowelementeingemploed.Themotcommontpearehownin
Theemolarenothingmorethangraphicillutrationthatcomplementthecontroluletohelpreaderof
thedrawingmoreeailidentifthetpeofflowelementeingemploed.Themotcommontpearehownin
thitaleonD001.Theemolarenotreallcriticaltowardanundertandingoftheintrumentationor
control.Levelelementdon'thaveanequivalent.Nordoothercommonintrumenttpe.
reaktime!
OK,onowouhaveaolidfeelforwhatP&IDare,thepurpoetheerve,theirlimitationandupporting
documentrequirementandnow-aprettolidhandleonthemologued.Depiteallthegroundwecovered
inthipart,wehaven'treallhadachancetogothroughafewexample.veroneknowthatwhenitcometo
learningnewinformation,applicationitike.Theoldadage"ueitorloeit"applie.Itillaimtogettoome
exampleutfornow,juttakeawelldeervedreakandletthituffinkit.eide,I'muretheneedtogou
acouplemoreharddriveforPart4and5.
euretodropmeancommentouhaveothatIcantailortheremainingpart.
Hanginthere,wearealmotdone.Yourontheackideoftheraceandheadingtowardthefinihline.Thankfor
joiningme!
Comment Login topotcomment
Roert,xcellentpreentation-oneminorcommentithatthePLCmol
thatourarelencountericommonluedinatchprocethatare
tpicalofpharmaceuticalplant.Greaterie.David
DavidGreene(notverified)
P30,2010
David-thankforourkindfeedack.YournoteaoutthePLCmol
howingupofteninthetpeofprojectouworkoninoturpriing.I
doeeitnowandagainuttriedtopeakatavergenericlevelaoutit
RGCook(notverified) utilit.Italwacomedowntoouraudienceandmineigenerall
OCT5,2010
operation.Icaneehowprogrammer(I&Ctpe)mightenjouingit
fortheirworktomarkcode,procedure,etc.-o
haitoall,ineedaclearrepreentationaoutcloedtankandopentank
levelcalculationandhowtomeaureandcalculatetherangeforthelevel
andflowtranmitteriaminneedofthicalculation
aravind(notverified)
OCT3,2010
whatareomemorelintrumentinemolandfunctionmol
lww(notverified)
OCT7,2010
thankforharing!it'veruefulinformation!waitingforpart4and5!
jeica(notverified)
OCT13,2010
Roert,Ietou,ourtuffiAWOM!Wheredidoulearnhowto
teachoeail?MfourearinUniv.tudingmineralproceing
technologcouldn'tgivememuchonP&IDthanIhavejutgottenoutof
Ken(notverified) ourighthere.IthakepthauntingmeeverinceIleftUni11ragoand
MAY18,2011
wajutlucktohaveranchedintoH.utcoInowfindmelfalo
doingproceafetmanagement,IhadtorunacktorefrehonmP&Id
tuff.Thankforthegreatjoo.Cheer.Ken.Thankforthegoodjo.
KenandAndrew,Manthankforourkindfeedack.I'veeenawatoo
long.Iintendtoeginmnexterie.ItwillethePrequeltoP&ID.Itill
plantocontriutemetontheproceengineeringcore.copeand
RGCook(notverified) writingfunctionaldecriptionthatreallworkinhelpingprogrammer
P8,2011
maketheplantdowhatithould.Alongwithmajorequipmentpec(the
ketuff).tc.It'oeatogetcaughtupinhugetomeontheetopic
andIthinkthiithevalueofthiite.Foroldergulikemetoditillit
downaedonexperienceandwhatreallwork.Thankforthe
motivationtogettartedagain.et,o
GreattohearthiRoert.Youreriehaconitentleenoneofthe
motpopularonChnected!
jvako(notverified)
P8,2011
HiRoertWritingthitoconveapecialthankouformakingreading
P&IDfuntolearn.Atwork.Iwatakedthiweek,tocreateatutorialfor
P&IDfuntolearn.Atwork.Iwatakedthiweek,tocreateatutorialfor
ourfrehrecruitonreadingP&ID.Googlingledmetoourarticlethat
AnnieJohn(notverified) greatlimplifiedmtak..Ihaveorrowedfreelfromourloganditha
DC30,2011
mademwrite-upthatmuchricher.Youwillfindthatouare
immortalizedthroughmreferencelit!!.Incloing,itmuteaidthat
ouhaveflairformakingdratechnicaltuffeemlightandeven
interetingMaourtrieflourih...HappNewYear
Annie,Manthankforourkindfeedack.Iamverhappthatoucan
ueitinourwork.Ileveragedthegreatviionofthiitetoprovidethi
openandfreereource.Ihadfunputtingittogether(depitethework),and
RGCook(notverified) tillplantogetafewmoreout.Iwillreolvetodothatin2012!etwihe
DC30,2011
toouin2012awell.o<divtle="dipla:lock;margin:6px00"><a
cla="a2a_dd"href="http://www.addtoan.com/hare_ave"><img
rc="http://tatic.addtoan.com/utton/hare_ave_171_16.png"
width="171"height="16"order="0"alt="hare/ave/ookmark">
iamaproceengineerwithomeoperationackgroundandwillingto
makecareerinproceafet.IhavetartedlearningP&IDutIcouldnot
locateallmolwhicharegeneralluedwithomeaicdecription
ram(notverified) andexample.AloIwouldliketohaveimplifiedloopnormalleenon
JAN1,2012
theP&IDexplained.Pleaeprovidefurtherourceforreading.Ifoundour
articlevergoodanditigreatervicetooungproceengineer.
ram,Thankforournote.Regardingexplanationofimplifiedloop,have
oulookedatanofthecompanionvideoIprovideatouttue?Thiiat
leatatart.Takealookandletmeknowifthathelp.-o
RGCook(notverified)
JAN1,2012
Thankouomuchforourclearandinformativearticle.IwihIhad
foundthiiteearago!!!!Unfortunatel,thelinktodownloadtheLead
heetforthiarticledoen'teemtowork-couldoulookintothiand
FJLACK(notverified) hopefullfix.ManThankFJlack
APR10,2012
FJ,Thankforthefeedack.Ihavenotifiedtheoperatorofthiiteaout
therokenlink.Ifouwihtoendmeaprivateemail,Iwillendthe
filedirectltoou.I'veocuredthe@molelowtokeepthe
RGCook(notverified) pammerata.roert.cookATveoliawaterna.cometwihe,o
APR10,2012
HiRoertIwalookingforagoodguidelineaoutP&IDandallofa
uddenIfounditallhere.Iamoexcitedtoreadmore.Yourarticleifullof
goodandhandinformationandIwouldaitiimpl"well-written"....
Hanieh(notverified) JutThankou,ThankouandThankou.pleaekeeponthegoodjo!
APR10,2012
YouarequitewelcomeHanieh.PleaerefertomreponetoFJLACK
aoveregardingarokenlinktotheexamplefile.Ifouwouldlikea
cop,endmeanemailawell.etregard,o
RGCook(notverified)
APR10,2012
orrthelinkwan'tworking.Iawthecommentandhavefixedit!
Dougla@Chenected.
Dougla(notverified)
APR11,2012
ThankagainRoert,Thelinkinowworking,tnxtoDouglatoo.Ialo
wihtoakouaoutpreparingtheP&ID,likeaicrule,,wheretoput
checkvalve,wheretoputgateandetc.orHowtodopipeizing?Ihave
Hanieh(notverified) heardaoutimplecalculationofFlow/Velocitandthenpipeizing,ut
APR11,2012
whatitheetvelocitforeachcae?ithereanRef ?IthinkIamaking
lot!Thankinadvance
eatoundertandthank
aak(notverified)
JUN28,2012
dearirimconfuedaouttheprimar&econdarlineuedinp&idiri
jutwanttoknowhowtoundertandwhereitheprimarline(proce
line)iuedandwhereitheecondarlineiuedinadrawing.
Amit(notverified)
AUG11,2012
helloir,howtoidentifaI/Pignalfromaninrumentoratemto
intrumentindex
VIJAY(notverified)
OCT24,2012
OCT24,2012
II'velearnedalotaoutP&IDandhowtouethemol....Thankoufor
thiitethatou'vecreated...
leah(notverified)
JAN4,2013
Hithere,IwawonderingaouttheP&IDDiagramthatitheprofile
picturefor'InterpretingPipingandIntrumentationDiagram-molog
[Part3of5]',IhaveeenthiP&IDplantdiagramallovertheweandItill
Vee(notverified) havenotmanagedtodecipherwhatchemicalplantthii,alittlehelp
APR9,2013
pleae?
Thankforthipreentation
Ravi(notverified)
JUL3,2013
Thankforthee!!!!#aweome:)
uc(notverified)
JUL17,2013
DearRoert,Iamwritingtoexpremprofoundgratitudetooufor
makingP&IDinterpretationeemeaier.Iamamechanicalengineerut
wahardlintoantechnicaljo.Recentl,Iuddenlfindmelfin
Vincent(notverified) proceafet.However,Iwaalwafrightenedandoverwhelmed
P5,2013
wheneverIcomeacroP&IDandIdecidedtoattendtrainingcoure.
JutaoutwhenIwatoregiterforthetraininginCanada,Icameacro
ourlog.Afteracarefulreadingofourlogtogetherwithothermaterial
Igot,IamnowverconfidenttoconfrontanP&IDIcomeacro.Thank
alotforhelpingmetoavemone.Alotofpeoplepahandomeltoget
theinformationoupotedfreel.Iwouldliketoakifouhavean
materialonplotplanand3Ddrawinginterpretationathatimnext
technicalareatoimprove.Iwillegratefulifoucouldwritemeonm
privateemail.Onceagain,thankalotforourgeneroitinHuman
CapacitDevelopment.
Greatpot,andverhelpfulexampleinthecomment,thankforharing
gu!
Arnoldchwarz(notverified)
NOV18,2014
Dearir,
Iamfollowingfollowingequenceforlineidentificationline.
ANANTAD
F12,2015 LINIZ-FLUID-PIPMOC-LINNO-INULATION.
80-W-316-0001
LINIZ80MM,FLUIDINLINW(OFTWATR),PIPMOC-316
FOLLOWDYLINNO0001.
IITOKORRQUIRDCHANGINIT.
Anant,
Thelinelaeloudeviedicertainlworkale.TheonluggetionIhave
RoertCook (anditiimplthat),itoconiderchangingourPIPMOCtoaline
F12,2015
pecification.Aproperldefinedlinepecificationincludeallfitting,
pipeMOC,chedule,valve,welding,andevenhdroteting,etc.
requirementforaparticularervice.Whenouonlpecifthematerial
ofcontruction,itleavealotofopenquetion.Forexample,atoou
putitona40mmlinev.an80mmline.Arethecheduledifferentdueto
P/Tconideration?Aretherelimintationwithrepecttothetpeof
connectionthatiallowed?mallerorepipemanotealetoue
threadedconnectionduetoderatingfromthethread.Theetpeof
thingwillhauntoulaterwhenthefaricatorcomeackaking
quetion.
etregard,
Thank.
Anant.
ANANTAD
F13,2015
DearRoert,
Iamgettingconfudethatinpipelineometimedummarethere,the
ANANTAD arelankedflangeonit,(meannotconnectedtoantem),
MAY6,2015
InP&IDdoweneedtohowthiindiagram.
Anant,
Thankforourquetion.Theueoflindflangehamanpoile
RoertCook purpoeinaproce.Thecouldexitontank/veelforfuture
MAY6,2015
flexiilit,proceexpanion,optiontoaddadditionalline,etc.
Alternatel,themaimplethereultofchange;perhapalineorpiece
ofequipmentwaremovedanditwaeaiertoimpllindaflangeata
convenientpointthantoremoveitfromthetemaltogether.Inpipeline,
themightexittoprovideflexiilitforclean-out,new/futureaddition
thatareplannedortoimplhavethemfordrainingorotherneed.Iti
vercommonnottohowalllindflangenozzlethataveelhaona
P&ID.Mantime,atankwilleveroldandalotofnozzlewillimple
lindedandaandonedothereilittlepointinclutteringaP&IDwith
thingthathavenopracticalpurpoe.
Havingaidthat,whenIauditaetofP&ID,Iwouldhighlrecommend
thatoudohowalllindedflangeonpipingtem.Youaregoingfor
anaccuraterepreentationofwhattheplantactualllooklikeand
knowingtherearelindflangeatvarioupointinthepipingcoulde
eneficialtofutureneed,review,etc.Fortank,itmightmakeeneto
referencethefaricationdrawingfordetailandappurtenance.
ointhefinalanali,Iwouldadviceoutohowallflangedconnection,
evenpoolpieceiftheerveauefulpurpoeurroundingmaintenance
orotheractivitie.Unlikefitting,whereflangeareconcerned,therei
uuallapurpoeforthemeondimplconnectingthingtogetherand
itigenerallagoodideatoknowwherelindflangeareinaplant.
Opionionmavaronthipointutthat'madvice.
Iamconfuedaoutthedifferenceinmeaningetweentheingle
horizontallinethroughtheuleandtheoxaroundtheule.
JoergDckerhoff inglehorizontalline-"locatedonamaincontrolpanelnearthecontrol
MAY13,2016
roomoromecomputercreeninthemaincontrolroom"
ox-"...ifoucaneeitonacontrolcreen,itwillerepreentedaacircle
inideaquareonP&ID."
Whatithedifferenceetweentheinglehorizontallineandtheox?
@JoergDckerhoff-Thepurpoeofthehorizontallineidifferentwhen
uedinideacircle(alone)oracirclewithinaquare.Intheformercae,a
circlemolimplrepreentaphicaldevice,likeapreuregaugeora
RoertCook
handwitch.omethingthatoucanee,touch,feel-itexitinthereal
world.Whenlineareplacedinideacirclemol,theprovideaig
MAY17,2016
moreinformationaoutthatdevice'location.Hereiareakdown:
-Acirclewithnolinemeanthatdeviceiomewhereinthefield,intalled
ontheproceitelf.Apreuregaugeonapipeforexample.
ontheproceitelf.Apreuregaugeonapipeforexample.
-Acirclewithainglelinemeanthatdeviceimountedonfrontofa
panel.Itcouldtilleapreuregauge,utitwouldhaveapilottue
tappingintothepointwhereitieningpreure.Youmighteeaunch
ofpreuregaugegroupedonapanelforomeparticularkiddedproce.
Itmakeiteaiertohavethemallconolidated.Theewouldallehown
onaP&IDaacirclewithaolidhorizonatallinethroughthemiddleofit.
-Thelattwocirclearethoewithadahedhorizontalline(meaningiti
tillaphicaldeviceutmountedwhereitinotreadilacceile,
perhaptheackofapanel).Thecirclewithtwoparallelhorizontalline
provideimilarpurpoetoainglehorizontallineutimplindicatethe
panelilocal.Whatdoe"local"mean?Well,itcouldmeanouhaveamall
controlpanelintallednexttoaunitoperationothatoperatorcaneethe
particularandinterfacewithjutthatunitoperationlocall.Meanwhile,a
larger"mainpanel"wouldeackinthecontrolroom.Ifouhaveaplant
whereouhavemultiplemallerpanelthatinomewaenduptinginto
amaincontrolpanel,thenoumightelecttoillutratethatwithtwo
horizontallinefordeviceinthelocalpanel,andonehorizontallinefor
thoeinthe"mean"panel.
utthingarechangewhenouhaveaoxaroundthatcircle.Inthatcae,
thedevicei"virtual".Meaning,itianatractrepreentationofadevice
onadiplacreen.Ifouwantedtohowthelevelinatankuinga
graphicarthatgoefrom0-100%onacreen,thatwouldecricleina
quare.incervirtualdevicedonotreallhaveaphicallocationinthe
realworld,thelineinthemtakeonan"acceiilit"role.Forexample:
-Ahareddipla(circleinaquare)molwithaolidhorizontalline
meanthatanoperatorha"acce"toit.Itionthecreeninplainview,or
canehownacceingauttonorwidgetthatringitup.Itinot
hiddenincodeonluchaanoject-orientedcodedthing.Ifoperatorcan
eeit,gettoitorinomewaacceit,ueahorizontallineinthehared
mol.
-Ahareddiplawithadottedlinemeanthatitinotnormall
acceile.Ititillomethingthatcaneroughtuponacreenutthe
donotnormalleeitoritharetrictedacce.Maeouwanttohide
thetuningparameterforacriticalPIDloopinadialogoxthati
pawordprotectedforexample?Orouonlwanttoallowchangeto
etpointforalarmauthorizedfolkinacreenthatoucan'tnormall
acce.
Ihopethihelp.Letmeknowifouhaveanquetion.
etregard,
Allclear.Thankou.
JoergDckerhoff
MAY17,2016
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