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2 Certificate
3 Introduction
Experiment
-Aim
4 -Materials required
-Observation
-Result
5. Bibliography
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank the CBSE, for providing me the
opportunity to carry out this investigatory project. I also take
this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to my
Physics teacher, Mr. Arindam Ojha, PGT Physics
(Contractual), for guiding me and imparting a sound base
of knowledge pertaining to this topic which ensured the
successful completion of this project. I would also like to
thank him for unending assistance to enable completion of
the exercise.
CERTIFICATE
This is to hereby certify that the
original and genuine
investigatory project has been
completed sincerely and
satisfactorily by Joydeep
Naskar of class XII Sc.
KendriyaVidyalaya IIMJoka,
Kolkata, regarding his project
titled To study the effect of
various solutes on the
elevation of boiling point of
water as per the CBSE
practical work requirement for
the session 2015-2016.
Teachers Signature Examiners Signature
AIM:
1. To observe and draw the input and output
characteristics of a transistor connected in
common base configuration.
2. To find current gain () of the given
transistor.
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
1. A pnp Transistor
2. Regulated power supply (0-30V, 1A) and a 3-V battery
3. Voltmeter (0-30V)
4. Ammeters (0-50mA)
5. 2 high resistance rheostats
6. Connecting wires
PROCEDURE:
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. For plotting the input characteristics, the output voltage V CE is kept
constant at 0V and for different values of V EB note down the values of
IE.
3. Repeat the above step keeping VCB at 2V, 4V, and 6V. All the
readings are tabulated.
4. A graph is drawn between VEB and IE for constant VCB.
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
CALCULATIONS
RESULT
1. The input, output and transfer characteristics are shown
in the adjoining graphs.
2. The current gain, =
3. The voltage gain, Av =
PRECAUTIONS
1. The supply voltages should not exceed the rating of the
transistor.
2. Meters should be connected properly according to their
polarities.
SOURCES OF ERROR
The transistor may be faulty.
BIBILOGRPAHY