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1 Introduction
Automatic Car Parking System enables the parking of vehicles, floor after floor and
thus reducing the space used. Such a system is proposed and designed in this project. In
places where more than 100 cars need to be parked, this system proves to be useful in
reducing wastage of space. Here any number of cars can be parked according to the
requirement. These makes the system modernized and thus space-saving one. This idea is
developed using 8051 microcontroller. Car parking issue has some problems with how to
control the number of the car inside it, how to monitor the movement in/out side of the
parking lot, how to check whether there is a place inside for more cars or not and the safety
to park. The aim of this project is to solve these problems by designing a system to control
the parking area using a microcontroller. The microcontroller serves as a programming tool
to run the whole operation, to reduce the cost in terms of requirement such as job
opportunity and to increase security. Moreover, this system is faster, flexible and can meet
market needs.
Human errors are the major source of traffic accidents, therefore building in-car
technologies for checking the parking lot, avoiding accidents and guidance to the parking
facility is turning out to be an integral area for research. The objective of such technologies
is the reduction of the burden on driver, improvement of the traffic capacity, and provision
of reliable and secure car functions [3].
India has more than 40 million vehicles. But the traffic on roads and parking space has
been an area of concern in majority of Indian cities. In most of the cases, 40 per cent of the
road space is used for parking rather than for traffic movement on a normal working day.
With affordable cars launching in the market, almost every middle-class family owns a car
which adds to the vehicular population in our country. If this trend is followed, no amount
of space will be enough to accommodate stationary vehicles, which will lead to narrower
lanes for movement of public transport. Indian cities face a severe problem of congestion
due to the runaway growth of personal vehicles. Traffic management in the many cities is
marked by the introduction of a series of one-way traffic systems, which have implications
on pedestrian safety and fuel consumption.
One-way traffic is generally desirable only when complementary roads are available
and the additional traveling distance is not more than 300 meters as per IRC. This ensures
that whenever such systems are introduced, the interests of public transport modes and
pedestrians are duly addressed. Demand for parking in the CBD areas of Indian cities is
twice the supply. Acute shortage of parking supply is seen in commercial areas;
indiscriminate parking impedes the free flow of traffic and causes accidents.
It is a building (or part there hereof) which is designed specifically to be for Automobile
Parking and where there are a number of floors or levels on which parking takes place.Is
essentially a Stacked Car Park Multilevel Car Park Term Originated in UK, in US it is
called a Parking Structure.
So these are the different car parking systems that are available in India. And of them the
automatic multilevel car parking system is beneficial as compared to all the car parking
available.
There are different types of Automatic Multilevel Car Parkings available in India.
This system allows vehicle access without a valet. The Lift-Sliding Parking System
allows drivers to retrieve their own vehicles, after which another car slides over to take its
place while a mechanical car lift brings up another car[6] .
This system requires a human attendant (usually a valet). The parking system stacks
two, three, or four vehicles in an area usually occupied by a single car. A trained operator
uses the Lift-Sliding Parking System to raise the vehicle on a mechanical car lift, which
creates an additional space for another vehicle to be stored below. This process is repeated
until the system reaches capacity. To retrieve a vehicle, the operator removes the vehicle
below (at grade position) in order to lower the mechanical car lift and return the stacked
vehicle requested. Fully-automatic system and semi-automatic comes under this category.
A multi-storey car park , also called a parking garage, parking structure, parking ramp,
or parking deck is a structure designed Specifically for automobile parking where there are
a number of floors or levels on which parking takes place. It is essentially a stacked car
park. The Multi-storey car parking system can either be fully automatic or semi-automatic
and are suitable for installation in basement and in open spaces outside commercial
building, residential building, shopping malls, restaurants and hotels etc. The unique feature
of this system is that it maximizes the number of cars parked in a given floor space
substantially.
Automated Car Parking System is a fully computer controlled mechanism [5] which
becomes user friendly as it ensures maximum utilization of space allowing the machines to
park the car in the allocated space. Fully automated parking systems use auto car lifts. They
are designed for high density parking. These parking systems allow for virtually unlimited
stacking capacity and provide fully integrated storage and retrieval functionality. The
system allows the driver to drive up to a Park and Drive Station. After the driver exits the
vehicle, a robotic shuttle transports the vehicle onto the Vehicle Transfer Center, which
then transfers the car to a designated parking stall. Whether the retrieval of vehicles is faster
in an automatic car park or a self park car park depends on the layout and number of exits.
In order to accommodate the large volume of vehicles, small cities and towns must develop
their infrastructure. One solution may be a multi-level car parking system to maximize car
parking capacity by utilizing vertical space, rather than expand horizontally. With land in
metros and a grade cities becoming scarce and dearer, and plots getting smaller,
conventional parking is proving infeasible[6].
The term multi-level car park is used in the United Kingdom, Hong Kong and many
Commonwealth of Nations countries. In the western United States, the term parking
structure is used especially when it is necessary to distinguish such a structure from the
garage in a house. In some places in North America, parking garage refers only to an
indoor, often
underground, structure outdoor multi-level parking facilities are referred to by a number
of regional terms:
Parking garage-is used in the Western United States, Eastern Canada and by civil
engineers;
Parking ramp- is used in the upper Midwest, especially Minnesota and Wisconsin,
and has been observed as far east as Buffalo, New York
Multistoried parking systems are preferred since they multiply parking capacity of a given
area. Various floors are present for parking the vehicles with ramps and staircases provided
for moving between floors. These types of systems are expensive to build and require
manpower for co-ordination. To make system automated and less expensive, stacking
systems are used. In these systems, lift is available for moving the vehicle from one floor to
another. As shown in fig 2-6, the system has three six floors divided into three columns
with middle column kept free for maneuvering cars. The actual parking of the car is
controlled manually by operator. This type of manual intervention may cause some
faults.[10]
RFID Technique
RFID is a radio frequency identification system. This is an ADC technology. RFID
technology has inherited the advantages of the previous magnetic card, bar code,
contactless IC card. An RFID system consists of three components: an antenna and
transceiver (often combined into one reader) and a transponder (the tag). The
antenna uses radio frequency waves to transmit a signal that activates the
transponder. When activated, the tag transmits data back to the antenna. RFID can
read the tag using RF, meaning that the RFID tag can be read from a distance, right
through your clothes, wallet, backpack or purse. Besides the RFID tag consist of
unique ID for each tag. RFID system draws our attention for this purpose due to
several useful features of it such as non-line-of-sight operation, high speed
For the design of this system as discussed earlier an RFID tag and reader is used. According
to this, RFID Tags are installed in the cars. A door mount antenna is used to track the tag. A
reader is attached to this antenna, which reads the information coded in the tag. To get
started with RFID-based automatic vehicle parking system, the vehicle owner has to first
register the vehicle with the parking owner and get the RFID tag. When the car has to be
parked, the RFID tag is placed near the RFID reader which is installed near the entry gate
of the parking lot. As soon as the RFID tag is read by the reader, the system automatically
verifies the information data then car is allowed to go inside the parking area. At the same
time, the parking counter increments by one. Similarly, at the time of exit a button at the
ground floor will be manually pressed and parking counter will be decremented at the LCD
screen. In this project necessary precautions have been taken programmatically in case of a
parking lot. If the parking space is not available than further that vehicle which is about to
check-in will not be allowed to let in, thus there wont be any time loss to look for parking
space.[9]
Elevator (Tower) type car parking system is used where minimum space is available.Floor
space of 7 mtr X 7 mtr can be used for multi level car parking and the no. of cars is
depending upon the height of Tower. Max. height of 70 mtrs used where 70 cars can be
parked.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM:
7.4 ELEVATOR:
The elevator in our project plays a very important role because it is used to park the
cars automatically. No problems like accidents would occur as the human error is not at all
involved.
Power supply of 5V is required for the microcontroller working and DC motor mainly
requires 12V power supply respectively which can be obtained by using 7805 and 7812
respectively together in the same power supply
12.1 CONCLUSION:
The Proposed designed in this paper has been successfully completed and tested
with integration of the features of every hardware component for its development. The main
purpose of our project is to build up a automatic car parking system demo. To face the
with Microcontroller based control system. We also tried to differentiate among different
types of automation and control systems. In here we also tried to give proper security of the
vehicle. To increase the knowledge about automation, this project will obviously be very
helpful. Nonetheless, this project can further be modified or developed any time to offer
more flexibilities and facilities. It reduces traffic and pollution problem to great extent. We
can park more cars in small space. We also reduce time and cost required for conventional
The basic idea behind a solar parking lot is simply to incorporate solar panels into a
carport, which is basically an open-sided shed with a roof. Solar carports can be small
enough to fit a single car at a residence, or scaled up for commercial and institutional
purposes. The main benefit, of course, is to generate renewable energy that can be used to
lower utility costs on site, for example at a mall or office complex. Depending on the scale,
the installation could also yield excess energy in the form of electricity for sale. A solar
carport can also help reduce the heat island effect of parking lots and contribute to a
cooler community, and by providing protection from the elements it can help enhance
vehicle lifespan.
Solar typically meets up to 35 per cent of a spaces total power requirements and
can typically save up to 15 per cent in energy costs. These sustainable car parks also have
short pay back periods (five to eight years) and offer multiple benefits by providing both
shade and electricity.
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