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2010 Caterpillar
All Rights Reserved
SEBU7689-11
May 2010
Operation and
Maintenance
Manual
C18 Marine Engine
WKB1-Up (Engine)
PLE1-Up (Engine)
CKH1-Up (Engine)
C1J1-Up (Engine)
SAFETY.CAT.COM
SEBU7689-11 75
Maintenance Section
Maintenance Interval Schedule
Ensure that all safety information, warnings, Initial 500 Hours (for New Systems, Refilled
and instructions are read and understood before Systems, and Converted Systems)
any operation or any maintenance procedures Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 2) -
are performed. The user is responsible for the Obtain ................................................................. 93
performance of all maintenance including the
following procedures: all adjustments, the use of Every 500 Service Hours
proper lubricants, fluids, filters, and the installation
of new components due to normal wear and aging . Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 1) -
The performance of this product may be diminished if Obtain ................................................................. 91
proper maintenance intervals and procedures are not
followed. Components may experience accelerated Every Year
wear if proper maintenance intervals and procedures
are not followed. Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 2) -
Obtain ................................................................. 93
Note: Use whichever of the following that occurs
first in order to determine the maintenance intervals: Every 6000 Service Hours or 3 Years
fuel consumption, service hours, and calendar time
. Before each consecutive interval is performed, all Cooling System Coolant Extender (ELC) - Add .... 90
maintenance from the previous intervals must be
performed. Every 12 000 Service Hours or 6 Years
Products that operate in severe operating conditions Cooling System Coolant (ELC) - Change ............. 88
may require more frequent maintenance.
First 14 400 L (3750 US gal) of Fuel or 250
When Required Service Hours
Ensure that all safety information, warnings, Initial 500 Hours (for New Systems, Refilled
and instructions are read and understood before Systems, and Converted Systems)
any operation or any maintenance procedures Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 2) -
are performed. The user is responsible for the Obtain ................................................................. 93
performance of all maintenance including the
following procedures: all adjustments, the use of Every 500 Service Hours
proper lubricants, fluids, filters, and the installation
of new components due to normal wear and aging . Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 1) -
The performance of this product may be diminished if Obtain ................................................................. 91
proper maintenance intervals and procedures are not
followed. Components may experience accelerated Every Year
wear if proper maintenance intervals and procedures
are not followed. Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 2) -
Obtain ................................................................. 93
Note: Use whichever of the following that occurs
first in order to determine the maintenance intervals: Every 6000 Service Hours or 3 Years
fuel consumption, service hours, and calendar time
. Before each consecutive interval is performed, all Cooling System Coolant Extender (ELC) - Add .... 90
maintenance from the previous intervals must be
performed. Every 12 000 Service Hours or 6 Years
Products that operate in severe operating conditions Cooling System Coolant (ELC) - Change ............. 88
may require more frequent maintenance.
First 14 400 L (3750 US gal) of Fuel or 250
When Required Service Hours
Illustration 32
g01638393 Clean the Aftercooler Core
Typical
Remove the core. Refer to the Disassembly and
Assembly Manual, Aftercooler - Remove for the
procedure.
NOTICE
Do not use a high concentration of caustic cleaner to
clean the core. A high concentration of caustic cleaner
can attack the internal metals of the core and cause
leakage. Only use the recommended concentration of
cleaner.
g01348104
Illustration 33
2. Back flush the core with cleaner.
(1) Valve
(2) Plunger
(3) Valve seat
Caterpillar recommends the use of Hydrosolv
liquid cleaner. Table 13 lists Hydrosolv liquid
The engine boost pressure forces the plunger to cleaners that are available from your Caterpillar
move down to the valve seat. The plunger must dealer.
close against the seat at a pressure of 27.5 kPa
Table 13
(4 psi). When the engine is stopped, the absence
of boost pressure allows the plunger to rise to the Hydrosolv Liquid Cleaners(1)
open position, which allows condensation from the Part
aftercooler to drain out. Description Size
Number
The plunger must be able to move freely in order to 1U-5490 Hydrosolv 4165 19 L (5 US gallon)
close the system when the engine is running. The 174-6854 Hydrosolv 100 19 L (5 US gallon)
plunger must be able to move freely in order to allow
(1) Use a two to five percent concentration of the cleaner
condensation to drain from the aftercooler when
at temperatures up to 93C (200F). Refer to Application
the engine is stopped. Residue from normal engine Guide, NEHS0526 or consult your Caterpillar dealer for more
operation could cause the plunger to stick. information.
80 SEBU7689-11
Maintenance Section
Alternator - Inspect
i01042055
6. Dry the core with compressed air. Direct the air in
the reverse direction of the normal flow. Auxiliary Water Pump (Bronze
Impeller) - Inspect
Test the Aftercooler Core
SMCS Code: 1371-040
1. Inspect the core for trapped debris and
cleanliness. If necessary, remove the debris and Impellers and seals require periodic inspection.
repeat the cleaning procedure. Impellers have a service life that is limited. The
service life depends on the engine operating
2. Inspect the core for damage and perform a conditions.
pressure test in order to detect leaks. Many shops
that service radiators are equipped to perform Inspect the components more frequently when the
pressure tests. pump is exposed to debris, sand, or other abrasive
materials. Inspect the components if the pump is
3. Plug both ends of the aftercooler core and operating at a differential pressure of more than
pressurize the core to 205 kPa (30 psi). Submerge 103 kPa (15 psi).
the core in water. Look for bubbles which are
being emitted from the core. The bubbles are Check the following components for wear or damage:
evidence of leaks.
Bearings
4. If any leaks are found, do not attempt to repair the
core. Impeller
Install a core that is clean and a core that passes the Seals
pressure test in step 3. Refer to the Disassembly
and Assembly Manual, Aftercooler - Install for the Wear plate
procedure.
If wear or damage is found, replace the components
For more information on cleaning the core, consult which are worn or damaged. Use the proper repair
your Caterpillar dealer. kit for the pump. Refer to the Disassembly and
Assembly for more information on servicing the
auxiliary water pump.
SEBU7689-11 81
Maintenance Section
Auxiliary Water Pump (Rubber Impeller) - Inspect
i01041983 i02153996
Bearings
Impeller The battery cables or the batteries should not be
removed with the battery cover in place. The bat-
Seals tery cover should be removed before any servic-
ing is attempted.
Wear plate
Removing the battery cables or the batteries with
If wear or damage is found, replace the components the cover in place may cause a battery explosion
which are worn or damaged. Use the proper repair resulting in personal injury.
kit for the pump. Refer to the Disassembly and
Assembly for more information on servicing the 1. Turn the key start switch to the OFF position.
auxiliary water pump. Remove the key and all electrical loads.
2. Check the condition of the electrolyte with the 4. Proceed with necessary system repairs. Reverse
245-5829 Coolant Battery Tester Refractometer. the steps in order to reconnect all of the cables.
Use a fine grade of sandpaper to clean the To check the belt tension, apply 110 N (25 lb) of force
terminals and the cable clamps. Clean the items midway between the pulleys. A correctly adjusted
until the surfaces are bright or shiny. DO NOT belt will deflect 13 to 19 mm (0.50 to 0.75 inch).
remove material excessively. Excessive removal
of material can cause the clamps to not fit properly. Slippage of loose belts can reduce the efficiency
Coat the clamps and the terminals with 5N-5561 of the driven components. Vibration of loose belts
Silicone Lubricant, petroleum jelly or MPGM. can cause unnecessary wear on the following
components:
Belts
Pulleys
SEBU7689-11 83
Maintenance Section
Closed Crankcase Ventilation (CCV) Filter Service Indicator - Inspect
Bearings i01852860
If the belts are too tight, unnecessary stress is placed Closed Crankcase Ventilation
on the components. This reduces the service life of
the components.
(CCV) Filter Service Indicator
- Inspect
Replacement SMCS Code: 1317-040-FI
For applications that require multiple drive belts,
replace the drive belts in matched sets. Replacing
one drive belt of a matched set will cause the new
drive belt to carry more load because the older drive
belts are stretched. The additional load on the new
drive belt could cause the new drive belt to fail.
g00744250
Illustration 35
(1) Plastic cover
(2) Service indicator
g01292899
Illustration 37
(4) Plastic cover
(5) Service indicator
3. Remove the filter element by pulling down. Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, Caterpillar
Dispose of the used element properly. Dealer Service Tool Catalog for tools and supplies
suitable to collect and contain fluids on Caterpillar
4. Remove the O-ring assembly on the top end cap products.
of the used element.
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
5. Replace the O-ring seal on the bottom of the filter mandates.
base assembly.
6. Install the new O-ring on the top end cap of the Clean the cooling system and flush the cooling
element. Install the element into the correct place. system before the recommended maintenance
interval if the following conditions exist:
7. Replace the canister and align the canister with
the boss on the filter base assembly. The engine overheats frequently.
SMCS Code: 1350-070; 1395-044 Note: Inspect the water pump and the water
temperature regulator after the cooling system
has been drained. The inspection provides a good
opportunity to replace the water pump, the water
temperature regulator, and the hoses, if necessary.
Personal injury can result from hot coolant, steam
and alkali.
Drain
At operating temperature, engine coolant is hot
and under pressure. The heat exchanger and all
lines to heaters or the engine contain hot coolant
or steam. Any contact can cause severe burns.
g01355994
Illustration 39
3. Remove the following plugs so the coolant may 4. Allow coolant to drain.
be totally drained:
NOTICE
a. Remove plug (2) in order to vent the water near Dispose of used engine coolant properly or recycle.
the water temperature regulator. Various methods have been proposed to reclaim used
coolant for reuse in engine cooling systems. The full
distillation procedure is the only method acceptable by
Caterpillar to reclaim the used coolant.
Flush
NOTICE
Use of commercially available cooling system clean-
ers may cause damage to cooling system compo-
nents. Use only cooling system cleaners that are ap-
proved for Caterpillar engines.
g01355995
Illustration 40
b. Remove drain plug (3) from the bottom heat 1. Flush the cooling system with clean water in order
exchanger. to remove any debris.
NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.
Cooling Systems with Heavy 5. Pour the coolant/antifreeze into the tank until the
coolant reaches the COLD FULL mark. Do not
Deposits or Plugging fill the tank above the COLD FULL mark.
Note: For the following procedure to be effective,
6. Clean the filler cap. Install the filler cap onto
there must be some active flow through the cooling
the recovery tank. Start the engine. Inspect the
system components.
cooling system for leaks and for proper operating
temperature.
1. Flush the cooling system with clean water in order
to remove any debris.
Engines That Are Not Equipped with a
2. Close the drain valve (if equipped). Clean the Coolant Recovery Tank
drain plugs. Reinstall the drain plugs. Refer to
the Operation and Maintenance Manual for more 1. Fill the expansion tank with the coolant/antifreeze.
information on the proper torques. Do not install the expansion tank filler cap.
3. Fill the cooling system with a mixture of clean 2. Start and run the engine at low idle. Increase the
water and Caterpillar Fast Acting Cooling System engine rpm to 1500 rpm. Run the engine at 1500
Cleaner. Add 0.5 L (1 pint) of cleaner per rpm for one minute in order to purge the air from
3.8 to 7.6 L (1 to 2 US gal) of the cooling system the cavities of the engine block. Stop the engine.
capacity. Install the expansion tank filler cap.
3. Check the coolant level. Maintain the coolant level
4. Start and run the engine at low idle for a minimum within 13 mm (0.5 inch) below the bottom of the
of 90 minutes. The coolant temperature should be pipe for filling. Maintain the coolant level within
at least 82C (180F). 13 mm (0.5 inch) to the proper level on the sight
glass (if equipped).
5. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.
Loosen the expansion tank filler cap slowly in order 4. Clean the expansion tank filler cap. Inspect the
to relieve any pressure. Remove the expansion gasket on the filler cap for the expansion tank.
tank filler cap. Open the drain valve (if equipped) If the gasket for the expansion tank filler cap is
or remove the cooling system drain plugs. Allow damaged, discard the filler cap and install a new
the water to drain. Flush the cooling system with filler cap. If the gasket for the filler cap for the
clean water. Close the drain valve (if equipped). expansion tank is not damaged, use a 9S-8140
Clean the drain plugs. Reinstall the drain plugs. Pressurized Pump Group to pressure test the filler
Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual cap. The correct pressure for the filler cap of the
for more information on the proper torques. expansion tank is stamped on the face of the filler
cap for the expansion tank. If the expansion tank
Fill filler cap does not retain the correct pressure,
install a new expansion tank filler cap.
NOTICE 5. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal) leaks and for proper operating temperature.
per minute to avoid air locks.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, Caterpillar a. Remove plug (2) in order to vent the water near
Dealer Service Tool Catalog for tools and supplies the water temperature regulator.
suitable to collect and contain fluids on Caterpillar
products.
Fill
NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.
g01355996
Illustration 44
Engines That Are Equipped with a
c. Remove drain plug (4) from the bottom of the
water cooled exhaust manifold. Coolant Recovery Tank
d. Remove drain plugs (5) from the bottom of the 1. Fill the expansion tank to the top with the
jacket water pump inlet. ELC. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance
Manual for more information on cooling system
e. Remove drain plug (6) from the bottom of the specifications.
oil cooler.
2. Reinstall the filler cap for the recovery tank.
4. Allow coolant to drain.
3. Start and run the engine at low idle. Increase the
engine rpm to 1500 rpm. Run the engine at 1500
NOTICE rpm for one minute in order to purge the air from
Dispose of used engine coolant properly or recycle. the cavities of the engine block. Stop the engine.
Various methods have been proposed to reclaim used
coolant for reuse in engine cooling systems. The full 4. Loosen the filler cap of the recovery tank slowly in
distillation procedure is the only method acceptable by order to relieve any pressure. Remove the filler
Caterpillar to reclaim the used coolant. cap from the recovery tank.
For information regarding the disposal and the 5. Pour the ELC into the tank until the coolant
recycling of used coolant, consult your Caterpillar reaches the COLD FULL mark. Do not fill the
dealer or consult Caterpillar Service Technology tank above the COLD FULL mark.
Group:
6. Clean the filler cap of the recovery tank. Reinstall
Outside Illinois: 1-800-542-TOOL the filler cap onto the recovery tank. Start
Inside Illinois: 1-800-541-TOOL the engine. Inspect the coolant recovery tank
Canada: 1-800-523-TOOL for coolant leaks and for proper operating
temperature.
Flush Engines That Are Not Equipped with a
1. Flush the cooling system with clean water in order Coolant Recovery Tank
to remove any debris.
1. Fill the expansion tank with the ELC. Do not
2. Close the drain valve (if equipped). Clean the reinstall the expansion tank filler cap.
drain plugs. Reinstall the drain plugs. Refer to
the Operation and Maintenance Manual for more
information on the proper torques.
90 SEBU7689-11
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant Extender (ELC) - Add
g00103638
Illustration 45
(1) Filler cap
(2) COLD FULL mark
(3) LOW ADD mark
NOTICE NOTICE
Always use a designated pump for oil sampling, and Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained
use a separate designated pump for coolant sampling. during performance of inspection, maintenance, test-
Using the same pump for both types of samples may ing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to
contaminate the samples that are being drawn. This collect the fluid with suitable containers before open-
contaminate may cause a false analysis and an incor- ing any compartment or disassembling any compo-
rect interpretation that could lead to concerns by both nent containing fluids.
dealers and customers.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, Caterpillar
Note: Level 1 results may indicate a need for Dealer Service Tool Catalog or refer to Special Pub-
Level 2 Analysis. lication, PECJ0003, Caterpillar Shop Supplies and
Tools Catalog for tools and supplies suitable to col-
lect and contain fluids on Caterpillar products.
2. If necessary, drain some coolant in order to allow If the water temperature regulator is installed incor-
space for the addition of the SCA. rectly, the engine may overheat, causing cylinder head
damage. Ensure that the new water temperature reg-
3. Add the proper amount of SCA. For the ulator is installed in the original position. Ensure that
proper amount of SCA, refer to this Operation the water temperature regulator vent hole is open.
and Maintenance Manual, Refill Capacities
and Recommendations topic. The proper Do not use liquid gasket material on the gasket or
concentration of SCA depends on the type of cylinder head surface.
coolant that is used. For the proper concentration
of SCA, refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251, Refer to two articles in the Disassembly and
Caterpillar Commercial Diesel Engine Fluids Assembly Manual, Water Temperature Regulators
Recommendations. - Remove and Water Temperature Regulators -
Install for the replacement procedure of the water
4. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Install the temperature regulator, or consult your Caterpillar
cooling system filler cap. dealer.
NOTICE
Accumulated grease and oil on an engine is a fire haz-
ard. Keep the engine clean. Remove debris and fluid
spills whenever a significant quantity accumulates on
g01134779
the engine.
Illustration 48
Viscous vibration damper
Periodic cleaning of the engine is recommended.
Typical example
Steam cleaning the engine will remove accumulated
(1) Crankshaft pulley oil and grease. A clean engine provides the following
(2) Weight
(3) Case benefits:
NOTICE
Do not use gasoline, steam, caustic or unapproved
detergents, or parts cleaning solvents. Do not use high
pressure water or air to clean the air cleaner element.
Any of those liquids or methods can cause air cleaner
element damage.
Type 2
g01640336
Illustration 51
g00898590 Typical air cleaner service indicator
Illustration 50
g00351792
Illustration 52
Porous filter
The service indicator may need to be replaced 1. Loosen hose clamp (1) and remove breather hose
frequently in environments that are severely dusty, if (2) from valve cover (3).
necessary. Replace the service indicator annually
regardless of the operating conditions. Replace the 2. Remove valve cover (3). Refer to the Disassembly
service indicator when the engine is overhauled, and and Assembly Manual.
whenever major engine components are replaced.
i02751871
NOTICE Illustration 54
g01377736
Perform this maintenance with the engine stopped.
3. Wash breather (4) in solvent that is clean and
nonflammable. Allow the breather to dry before
If the crankcase breather is not maintained on a
regular basis, the crankcase breather will become installation.
plugged. A plugged crankcase breather will cause
4. Install the valve cover. Refer to the Disassembly
excessive crankcase pressure that may cause
crankshaft seal leakage. and Assembly Manual.
i02456872 2. Check the engine oil. Maintain the engine oil level
between ADD mark (Y) and FULL mark (X) on
Engine Mounts - Inspect engine oil level gauge (2). Do not fill the crankcase
above FULL mark (X).
SMCS Code: 1152-040
4. Replace the engine oil filter by using the procedure In addition to a good preventive maintenance
in this Operation and Maintenance Manual, program, Caterpillar recommends using SOS oil
Engine Oil and Filter - Change . analysis at regularly scheduled intervals in order
to monitor the condition of the engine and the
5. Clean the engine oil level gauge and install the maintenance requirements of the engine. SOS oil
engine oil level gauge. analysis provides infrared analysis, which is required
for determining nitration and oxidation levels.
6. Use the information in Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Refill Capacities and Recommendations Obtain the Sample and the Analysis
in order to select the correct oil for the engine.
Standard Oil Sump: Fill the crankcase with Before you take the oil sample, complete the Label,
45.4 L (48 qt) of the recommended oil. PEEP5031 for identification of the sample. In order
to help obtain the most accurate analysis, provide
Deep Oil Sump: Fill the crankcase with 64.3 L the following information:
(68 qt) of the recommended oil.
Engine model
8. Start the engine. Ensure that the lubrication
system and the new engine oil filter are filled. Service hours on the engine
Inspect the lubrication system for leaks.
The number of hours that have accumulated since
9. Stop the engine and allow the engine oil to drain the last oil change
into the engine crankcase for approximately ten
minutes. The amount of oil that has been added since the
last oil change
10. Check the engine oil level. Use a marking tool in
order to engrave the ADD mark (Y) to the correct To ensure that the sample is representative of the
location on the gauge assembly. oil in the crankcase, obtain a warm, well mixed oil
sample.
11. Add 3.8 L (4 qt) of the recommended oil grade
and weight of engine oil to the crankcase. Add this To avoid contamination of the oil samples, the tools
amount for both standard sumps and deep sumps. and the supplies that are used for obtaining oil
samples must be clean.
12. Check the engine oil level. Use a marking tool in
order to engrave FULL mark (X) onto the correct
location on the gauge assembly.
SEBU7689-11 101
Maintenance Section
Engine Oil and Filter - Change
b. If the engine has an oil drain valve, open the Replacing the Engine Oil Filters With the
valve. After the oil has drained, close the valve. Engine Stopped (Standard Oil Filters)
c. If the engine has a pump for removing dirty oil,
connect a hose to the outlet of the pump. Place
the hose in a suitable container. Open the valve
for the drain line. The two marks on the valve
must be turned so that one mark points to the
pump and the second mark points to the drain
line. Operate the pump until the crankcase
is empty. Close the valve to the drain line.
Disconnect the hose.
Replace the engine oil filters when any of the 1. Remove used oil filters and properly discard the
following conditions occur: used oil filters.
NOTICE
Do not fill the oil filters with oil before installing them.
This oil would not be filtered and could be contaminat-
ed. Contaminated oil can cause accelerated wear to
engine components.
SEBU7689-11 103
Maintenance Section
Engine Oil and Filter - Change
3. Allow the oil pressure gauge for the oil filter that
is being changed to reach a ZERO pressure
reading.
If the engine is equipped with duplex oil filters, the 8. If the engine oil filters were replaced without
engine oil filter elements can be changed while the changing the crankcase oil, maintain the oil level
engine is in operation. This is useful if the oil filter between the FULL mark and the ADD mark on
elements require more frequent replacement than the oil level gauge. If necessary, add oil.
the engine oil.
104 SEBU7689-11
Maintenance Section
Engine Speed/Timing Sensor - Clean/Inspect
Fill the Crankcase 3. Ensure that the oil level is to the FULL mark on
the oil level gauge. Start the engine and operate
NOTICE the engine at low idle for two minutes. This will
Only use oils that are recommended by Caterpillar. ensure that the lubrication system has oil and that
For the proper oil to use, refer to this Operation and the oil filters are filled with oil. Inspect the engine
Maintenance Manual, Engine Oil topic (Maintenance and the oil filters for oil leaks. If any leaks exist,
Section). stop the engine and make any necessary repairs.
4. Stop the engine and allow the oil to drain back into
NOTICE the sump for a minimum of ten minutes.
If the engine is equipped with an auxiliary oil filter
system, extra oil must be added when filling the 5. Remove the oil level gauge and check the oil
crankcase. If equipped with an auxiliary oil filter level. Maintain the oil level between the FULL
system that is not supplied by Caterpillar, follow the mark and the ADD mark on the oil level gauge. If
recommendations of the OEM. necessary, add oil.
1. Remove the oil filler cap. Fill the crankcase Due to normal wear and friction, it is not uncommon
through the oil filler tube only. For the amount to find small amounts of debris in the oil filter element.
of oil and type of oil to use, refer to Operation If an excessive amount of debris is found in the oil
and Maintenance Manual, Refill Capacities and filter element, consult your Caterpillar dealer in order
Recommendations (Maintenance Section). Clean to arrange for further oil analysis.
the oil filler cap. Install the oil filler cap.
i03572058
NOTICE
To prevent crankshaft or bearing damage, crank en- Engine Speed/Timing Sensor -
gine with fuel off to fill all filters before starting.
Clean/Inspect
Do Not crank engine for more than 30 seconds.
SMCS Code: 1905-040; 1905-070; 1907-040;
1907-070
2. Close the fuel supply line and crank the engine
until the oil pressure gauge indicates 70 kPa NOTICE
(10 psi). Open the fuel supply line. Allow the Keep all parts clean from contaminants.
starting motor to cool for two minutes before
cranking again. Contaminants may cause rapid wear and shortened
component life.
SEBU7689-11 105
Maintenance Section
Engine Speed/Timing Sensor - Clean/Inspect
g01900805
Illustration 64
Camshaft Speed/Timing Sensor (4) Bolt
(5) Sensor
(6) Harness
Removal Procedure
1. Disconnect the harness assembly.
3. Remove the O-ring seal from the sensor. 3. Connect the harness assembly.
Installation Procedure
1. Install a new O-ring seal on the sensor. Lubricate
the O-ring seal with clean engine oil.
i02703023
NOTICE
Engine Storage Procedure - Only qualified service personnel should perform this
Check maintenance. Refer to the Service Manual or your
Caterpillar dealer for the complete valve lash adjust-
SMCS Code: 1000-535 ment procedure.
Caterpillar recommends storage procedures and Operation of Caterpillar engines with improper valve
start-up procedures for all engines that are stored adjustments can reduce engine efficiency. This re-
for more than 1 month. These procedures provide duced efficiency could result in excessive fuel usage
maximum protection to internal engine components. and/or shortened engine component life.
Refer to Special Instruction, SEHS9031, Storage
Procedure For Caterpillar Products for information
on these procedures.
An extension of the oil change interval to 12 months Ensure that the engine can not be started while
is permitted if you follow the required procedures for this maintenance is being performed. To help pre-
storage and start-up. This extension is permitted if the vent possible injury, do not use the starting motor
following intervals in the Operation and Maintenance to turn the flywheel.
Manual, Maintenance Interval Schedule have not
been reached: Hot engine components can cause burns. Allow
additional time for the engine to cool before mea-
Operating hours suring/adjusting valve lash clearance.
Fuel consumption
i01597115
Adjust the electronic unit injector (preload) at the 2. Operate the engine at low idle.
same interval as the valve lash adjustment. The
operation of Caterpillar engines with improper valve 3. Observe the top surface of each valve rotator. The
adjustments and with improper adjustments of the valve rotators should turn slightly when the valves
electronic unit injector can reduce engine efficiency. close.
This reduced efficiency could result in excessive fuel
usage and/or shortened engine component life.
SEBU7689-11 107
Maintenance Section
Fuel Injector - Inspect/Adjust
i03570039
NOTICE
A valve rotator which does not operate properly will
Fuel System - Prime
accelerate valve face wear and valve seat wear and
SMCS Code: 1258-548
shorten valve life. If a damaged rotator is not replaced,
valve face guttering could result and cause pieces of
the valve to fall into the cylinder. This can cause piston
and cylinder head damage.
Fuel leaked or spilled onto hot surfaces or elec-
trical components can cause a fire. To help pre-
If a valve fails to rotate, consult your Caterpillar vent possible injury, turn the start switch off when
dealer. changing fuel filters or water separator elements.
Clean up fuel spills immediately.
i03534881
g01096972
Illustration 65
Hand priming pump
(1) Air purge screw
(2) Fuel pressure regulating valve
108 SEBU7689-11
Maintenance Section
Fuel System - Prime
5. Clean any residual fuel from the engine 2. Fill the fuel tank (s) with clean diesel fuel.
components.
3. Open the the air purge screw for the fuel filter by
three full turns. Do not remove the air purge screw.
The Engine Has Been Run Out of
Fuel 4. Open the fuel pressure regulating valve by two
and one half turns. The regulating valve is located
1. Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position. in the integral fuel filter base.
2. Fill the fuel tank(s) with clean diesel fuel. Note: Do not remove the regulating valve completely.
Open the valve enough to allow the air that is trapped
3. Open the fuel pressure regulating valve by two in the cylinder head to be purged from the fuel
and one half turns. The regulating valve is located system.
in the integral fuel filter base.
NOTICE
Note: Do not remove the regulating valve completely. Do not crank the engine continuously for more than
Open the valve enough to allow the air that is trapped 30 seconds. Allow the starting motor to cool for two
in the cylinder head to be purged from the fuel minutes before cranking the engine again.
system.
Note: You may use the hand priming pump for the
fuel filter (if equipped) instead of cranking the engine.
Water in the fuel can cause the engine to run rough. 5. Remove the fuel filter bowl (1) and wash the fuel
Water in the fuel may cause an electronic unit injector filter bowl with clean diesel fuel.
to fail. If the fuel has been contaminated with water,
the element should be changed before the regularly 6. Remove the fuel filter (2).
scheduled interval.
7. Clean the gasket sealing surface of the fuel filter
The primary filter/water separator also provides base. Ensure that all of the old gasket is removed.
filtration in order to help extend the life of the
secondary fuel filter. The element should be changed 8. Apply clean diesel fuel to the new fuel filter gasket.
regularly. Install a vacuum gauge. Change the
element for the primary filter/water separator if the
NOTICE
pressure is at 50 to 70 kPa (15 to 20 inches Hg).
In order to maximize fuel system life and prevent pre-
mature wear out from abrasive particles in the fuel,
Replace the Element use Caterpillar fuel filters.
NOTICE NOTICE
Do not fill the fuel filters with fuel before installing them. Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained
The fuel would not be filtered and could be contami- during performance of inspection, maintenance, test-
nated. Contaminated fuel will cause accelerated wear ing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to
to fuel system parts. collect the fluid with suitable containers before open-
ing any compartment or disassembling any compo-
nent containing fluids.
10. Install the clean fuel filter bowl (1) on the new fuel
filter. Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, Caterpillar
Dealer Service Tool Catalog for tools and supplies
NOTICE suitable to collect and contain fluids on Caterpillar
The water separator is under suction during normal products.
engine operation. Ensure that the vent plug is tight-
ened securely to help prevent air from entering the fu- Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
el system. mandates.
i02927285
NOTICE
The water separator is under suction during normal
engine operation. Ensure that the drain valve is tight-
ened securely to help prevent air from entering the fuel
system.
SEBU7689-11 111
Maintenance Section
Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace
i03572801
NOTICE Illustration 68
g01902879
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained Right hand service
during performance of inspection, maintenance, test-
(1) Fuel priming pump
ing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to (2) Fuel filter
collect the fluid with suitable containers before open-
ing any compartment or disassembling any compo- 1. Stop the engine.
nent containing fluids.
2. Turn off the start switch or disconnect the battery
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, Caterpillar (starting motor) when maintenance is performed
Dealer Service Tool Catalog or refer to Special Pub- on fuel filters.
lication, PECJ0003, Caterpillar Shop Supplies and
Tools Catalog for tools and supplies suitable to col- 3. Shut off the fuel tank supply valve to the engine.
lect and contain fluids on Caterpillar products.
NOTICE
Keep all parts clean from contaminants. 4. Unlock the fuel priming pump in order to relieve
residual pressure in the fuel system.
Contaminants may cause rapid wear and shortened
component life. 5. Remove the used fuel filter. Use a cloth or use a
container in order to catch excess fuel.
Note: If the engine is equipped with duplex fuel 6. Clean the gasket sealing surface of the fuel filter
filters, the fuel filter elements can be replaced while base. Ensure that all of the old gasket is removed.
the engine is in operation. Refer to Replacing the
Fuel Filter Elements During Engine Operation For 7. Apply clean diesel fuel to the new fuel filter gasket.
Engines That Are Equipped With Duplex Fuel Filters.
NOTICE
Replacing the Fuel Filter Elements Do not fill the secondary fuel filter with fuel before in-
with the Engine Stopped stalling. The fuel would not be filtered and could be
contaminated. Contaminated fuel will cause acceler-
ated wear to fuel system parts.
NOTICE
Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Thoroughly
clean the area around a fuel system component that 8. Install the new fuel filter. Tighten the fuel filter until
will be disconnected. Fit a suitable cover over discon- the gasket contacts the base. Tighten the fuel
nected fuel system component. filter by hand according to the instructions that are
shown on the fuel filter. Do not overtighten the fuel
filter.
9. Operate the fuel priming pump plunger until a Replacing the Main Fuel Filter
strong resistance is felt and until the check valve
clicks. This procedure will require considerable
strokes. Lock the fuel priming pump.
NOTICE
Do not crank the engine continuously for more than
30 seconds. Allow the starting motor to cool for two
minutes before cranking the engine again.
g01902917
Illustration 70
g01902918 g01902918
Illustration 71 Illustration 72
2. Move the control valve to the AUX RUN position. 7. Move the control valve to the RH FLOW - LH
The fuel pressure gauge for the auxiliary fuel filter FILL position. The fuel pressure gauge for the
should indicate full pressure. The fuel pressure auxiliary fuel filter should indicate full pressure.
gauge for the main fuel filter should indicate no The fuel pressure gauge for the main fuel filter
pressure. should indicate slight pressure. Five minutes may
be required in order to fill the main fuel filter. The
NOTICE main filter must become full of fuel.
Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Thoroughly
clean the area around a fuel system component that
will be disconnected. Fit a suitable cover over discon-
nected fuel system component.
NOTICE
Use a suitable container to catch any fuel that might
spill. Clean up any spilled fuel immediately.
g01902917
Illustration 76
i03645042
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained
during performance of inspection, maintenance, test-
ing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to
collect the fluid with suitable containers before open-
ing any compartment or disassembling any compo-
nent containing fluids.
g01902917
Illustration 77
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, Caterpillar
7. Move the control valve to the LH FLOW - RH FILL Dealer Service Tool Catalog or refer to Special Pub-
position. The fuel pressure gauge for the main lication, PECJ0003, Caterpillar Shop Supplies and
fuel filter should indicate full pressure. The fuel Tools Catalog for tools and supplies suitable to col-
pressure gauge for the auxiliary fuel filter should lect and contain fluids on Caterpillar products.
indicate slight pressure. Allow five minutes in
order to fill the auxiliary fuel filter. The auxiliary Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
fuel filter must become full of fuel. mandates.
Fuel Tank
Fuel quality is critical to the performance and to the
service life of the engine. Water in the fuel can cause
excessive wear to the fuel system. Condensation
occurs during the heating and cooling of fuel. The
condensation occurs as the fuel passes through the
fuel system and the fuel returns to the fuel tank. This
causes water to accumulate in fuel tanks. Draining
the fuel tank regularly and obtaining fuel from reliable
sources can help to eliminate water in the fuel.
Illustration 78
g01902918 Drain the Water and the Sediment
Fuel tanks should contain some provision for draining
8. Move the control valve to the AUX RUN position. water and draining sediment from the bottom of the
The fuel pressure gauge for the auxiliary fuel filter fuel tanks.
should indicate full pressure. The fuel pressure
gauge for the main fuel filter should indicate no Open the drain valve on the bottom of the fuel tank
pressure. in order to drain the water and the sediment. Close
the drain valve.
Move the control valve to the FLOW BOTH position
after both fuel filters are replaced. Note: Failure to properly close the drain can allow air
into the system, which could have detrimental results
to performance.
Refer to Choosing the Correct Cleaning Fluid for Assembly and Installation of the Heat
the correct cleaning fluid for your heat exchanger. Exchanger
Clean the plates with a cleaning solution and a soft
brush. Pressurized water may also be used. Do not Refer to the Disassembly and Assembly Manual,
use steel wool or a wire brush, which may scratch the Heat Exchanger - Assemble for the assembly
plate. Any iron scratches on the plates can lead to procedure.
corrosion of the plates. Rinse the plates with water.
Refer to the Disassembly and Assembly Manual,
Choosing the Correct Cleaning Fluid Heat Exchanger - Install for the installation
procedure.
Refer to 15 for the correct cleaning fluid for the heat
exchanger.
118 SEBU7689-11
Maintenance Section
Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/Replace
Personal injury can result from removing hoses or Contact with high pressure fuel may cause fluid
fittings in a pressure system. penetration and burn hazards. High pressure fu-
el spray may cause a fire hazard. Failure to fol-
Failure to relieve pressure can cause personal in- low these inspection, maintenance and service in-
jury. structions may cause personal injury or death.
Maintenance
Recommendations
Hot oil and hot components can cause personal
injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to SMCS Code: 1000
contact the skin.
Maintenance Information
1. Drain the oil from the lubrication system to a level
The operating conditions of an engine affect the
that is below the hose that is being replaced.
maintenance intervals and the time between
2. Remove the hose clamps. overhauls for the engine. The following conditions
affect the maintenance intervals and the expected
overhaul interval for the engine.
3. Disconnect the old hose.
5. Install hose clamps which have been inspected or Severe operation is the use of an engine that
install new hose clamps. Refer to Specifications, exceeds current published standards for the engine.
SENR3130, Torque Specifications, Hose Caterpillar maintains standards for the following
Clamps for information about selecting and engine parameters:
installing the proper hose clamps.
Horsepower
6. Refill the lubrication system. Refer to this
Operation and Maintenance Manual, Engine Range of rpm
Oil Level - Check in order to ensure that the
lubrication system is filled with the proper amount Fuel consumption
of engine oil.
Fuel quality
7. Start the engine. Inspect the lubrication system
for leaks. Altitude
Maximum reliability
Retention of full service life
Because of individual applications, it is not possible
to identify all of the factors which can contribute to
severe operation. Consult your Caterpillar dealer
about the maintenance that is needed for your
specific engine.
SEBU7689-11 121
Maintenance Section
Maintenance Recommendations
Not using recommended fuel, lubricants, and When the oil consumption has risen to three times
antifreeze/coolant solutions the original oil consumption rate due to normal wear,
an engine overhaul should be scheduled. There may
be a corresponding increase in blowby and a slight
increase in fuel consumption.
122 SEBU7689-11
Maintenance Section
Oil Cooler Core - Check/Clean/Test
Note: Overhaul programs vary according to the Clean the Oil Cooler Core
engine application and according to the dealer that
performs the overhaul. Consult your Caterpillar Remove the core. Refer to the Disassembly and
dealer for specific information about the available Assembly Manual, Oil Cooler - Remove for the
overhaul programs and about overhaul services for procedure.
extending the engine life.
1. Turn the oil cooler core on one side in order
A planned overhaul before failure may be the best to remove debris. Remove the debris that is
value for the following reasons: accessible.
Personal injury can result from air pressure. An increase in the levels of noise and vibration
An increase of wear metals in the lube oil indicates
Personal injury can result without following prop-
that the bearings and the surfaces that wear may
er procedure. When using pressure air, wear a pro-
need to be serviced. An increase in the levels of
tective face shield and protective clothing.
noise and vibration indicates that rotating parts
require service.
The maximum air pressure for cleaning purposes
must be reduced to 205 kPa (30 psi) when the air
Note: It is possible for oil analysis to indicate a
nozzle is deadheaded.
decrease of wear metals in the lube oil. The cylinder
liners may be worn so that polishing of the bore
6. Dry the core with compressed air. Direct the air in occurs. Also, the increased use of lube oil will dilute
the reverse direction of the normal flow. the wear metals.
Exhaust manifold bellows Inspect the crankshaft for any of the following
conditions:
Fuel pressure regulating valve
Deflection
Fuel priming pump
Damage to the journals
Fuel transfer pump
Bearing material that has seized to the journals
Inlet manifold gaskets
Check the journal taper and the profile of the
Inlet manifold seals crankshaft journals. Check these components by
interpreting the wear patterns on the following
Oil cooler core components:
SEBU7689-11 125
Maintenance Section
Overhaul (Top End)
Inspect the gears of the gear train and inspect the Full Level I analysis
gear train bushings for the following conditions:
Identification of the source of metal corrosion and
Worn gear teeth of contaminants
Always use a board or cardboard when checking When a turbocharger bearing failure is accompanied
for a leak. Escaping air or fluid under pressure, by a significant engine performance loss (exhaust
even a pin-hole size leak, can penetrate body tis- smoke or engine rpm up at no load), do not continue
sue causing serious injury, and possible death. engine operation until the turbocharger is repaired or
replaced.
If fluid is injected into your skin, it must be treated
immediately by a doctor familiar with this type of
injury. An inspection of the turbocharger can minimize
unscheduled downtime. An inspection of the
turbocharger can also reduce the chance for potential
Inspect all of the components in the air circuit for damage to other engine parts.
the starting motor. Inspect all of the air lines and
connections for leaks. Note: Turbocharger components require precision
clearances. The turbocharger cartridge must
If the teeth of the starting motor pinion and/or the be balanced due to high rpm. Severe Service
flywheel ring gear are damaged, the air circuit for Applications can accelerate component wear.
the starting motor must be examined in order to Severe Service Applications require more frequent
determine the cause of the problem. inspections of the cartridge.
2. Turn the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel For maximum engine service life, make a thorough
by hand. The assembly should turn freely. Inspect inspection of the engine compartment before starting
the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel for the engine. Look for items such as oil leaks or coolant
contact with the turbocharger housing. There leaks, loose bolts, worn belts, loose connections and
should not be any visible signs of contact between trash buildup. Make repairs, as needed:
the turbine wheel or compressor wheel and the
turbocharger housing. If there is any indication of The guards must be in the proper place. Repair
contact between the rotating turbine wheel or the damaged guards or replace missing guards.
compressor wheel and the turbocharger housing,
the turbocharger must be reconditioned. Wipe all caps and plugs before the engine is
serviced in order to reduce the chance of system
3. Check the compressor wheel for cleanliness. contamination.
If only the blade side of the wheel is dirty, dirt
and/or moisture is passing through the air filtering NOTICE
system. If oil is found only on the back side of the For any type of leak (coolant, lube, or fuel) clean up the
wheel, there is a possibility of a failed turbocharger fluid. If leaking is observed, find the source and correct
oil seal. the leak. If leaking is suspected, check the fluid levels
more often than recommended until the leak is found
The presence of oil may be the result of extended or fixed, or until the suspicion of a leak is proved to be
engine operation at low idle. The presence of oil unwarranted.
may also be the result of a restriction of the line for
the inlet air (plugged air filters), which causes the
turbocharger to slobber. NOTICE
Accumulated grease and/or oil on an engine or deck is
4. Use a dial indicator to check the end clearance a fire hazard. Remove this debris with steam cleaning
on the shaft. If the measured end play is greater or high pressure water.
than the Service Manual specifications, the
turbocharger should be repaired or replaced.
An end play measurement that is less than the Ensure that the cooling lines are tight and ensure
that the cooling lines are properly clamped. Check
minimum Service Manual specifications could
for leaks. Check the condition of all pipes.
indicate carbon buildup on the turbine wheel. The
turbocharger should be disassembled for cleaning
and for inspection if the measured end play is less Inspect the water pumps for coolant leaks.
than the minimum Service Manual specifications.
Note: The water pump seal is lubricated by coolant
in the cooling system. It is normal for a small amount
5. Inspect the bore of the turbine housing for
of leakage to occur as the engine cools down and
corrosion.
the parts contract.
6. Clean the turbocharger housing with standard
Excessive coolant leakage may indicate the need
shop solvents and a soft bristle brush.
to replace the water pump seal. For the removal of
water pumps and the installation of water pumps
7. Fasten the air inlet piping and the exhaust outlet
and/or seals, refer to the Service Manual for the
piping to the turbocharger housing.
engine or consult your Caterpillar dealer.
SMCS Code: 1000-040 Inspect the fuel system for leaks. Look for loose
fuel line clamps.
Inspect the Engine for Leaks and
Inspect the piping for the air inlet system and the
for Loose Connections elbows for cracks and for loose clamps.
A walk-around inspection should only require a few Inspect the alternator belt and the accessory drive
minutes. When the time is taken to perform these belts for cracks, breaks or other damage.
checks, costly repairs and accidents can be avoided.
SEBU7689-11 129
Maintenance Section
Water Pump - Inspect
Belts for multiple groove pulleys must be replaced as Inspect the water pump for wear, cracks, pin holes
matched sets. If only one belt is replaced, the belt will and proper operation. Refer to the Parts Manual
carry more load than the belts that are not replaced. for the correct part numbers for your engine or
The older belts are stretched. The additional load on consult your Caterpillar dealer if repair is needed or
the new belt could cause the belt to break. replacement is needed.
Drain the water and the sediment from fuel tanks i03915817
on a daily basis in order to ensure that only clean
fuel enters the fuel system. Zinc Rods - Inspect/Replace
Inspect the wiring and the wiring harnesses for SMCS Code: 1388-040; 1388-510
loose connections and for worn wires or frayed
wires. Corrosion in sea water circuits can result in premature
deterioration of system components, leaks, and
Inspect the ground strap for a good connection and possible cooling system contamination.
for good condition.
Zinc rods are inserted in the sea water cooling
Inspect the ECM to the cylinder head ground strap system of the engine in order to help prevent the
for a good connection and for good condition. corrosive action of salt water. The reaction of the zinc
to the sea water causes the zinc rods to deteriorate.
Disconnect any battery chargers that are not The zinc rods deteriorate instead of engine parts
protected against the current drain of the starting for the cooling system that are more critical. Rapid
motor. Check the condition and the electrolyte level deterioration of zinc rods may indicate the presence
of the batteries, unless the engine is equipped with of uncontrolled electrical currents from improperly
a maintenance free battery. installed electrical attachments or improperly
grounded electrical attachments.
Check the condition of the gauges. Replace any
gauges which are cracked and replace any gauges The zinc rods must be inspected at the proper
that can not be calibrated. intervals. The zinc rods must be replaced when
deterioration occurs.
i03543200
Inspect the zinc rods within 24 hours of initially
Water Pump - Inspect filling the plumbing with sea water. If no significant
corrosion is noted, inspect the zinc rods weekly or
SMCS Code: 1361-040; 1361 inspect the zinc rods after each 50 hours of engine
operation. If no significant deterioration is noted,
A failed water pump might cause severe engine inspect the zinc rods weekly or inspect the zinc rods
overheating problems that could result in the following after each 50 hours of engine operation.
conditions:
Locations of the Zinc Rods
Cracks in the cylinder head
The number and the location of the zinc rods may
A piston seizure vary between engines.
Other potential damage to the engine
A failed water pump might cause severe engine
overheating problems that could result in cracks in
the cylinder head, a piston seizure or other potential
damage to the engine.
g01937142
Illustration 80
One zinc rod may be located on top of the auxiliary water pump.
g01937141
Illustration 81
One zinc rod may be located in the intake for the heat exchanger. One zinc rod may be located in the outlet for the heat exchanger.
g01958134 g00104048
Illustration 82 Illustration 83
View of the top of the engine
One zinc rod may be located in the lines group.
2. Tap the zinc rod lightly with a hammer. If the zinc
rod has deteriorated, or if the zinc rod flakes,
install a new zinc rod.
Inspect the Zinc Rods
1. Remove the zinc rod.
SEBU7689-11 131
Maintenance Section
Zinc Rods - Inspect/Replace
g00104049
Illustration 84
1. Unscrew the old zinc rod or drill the old zinc rod
from the plug. Clean the plug.