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Female Ejaculation, G Spot, A Spot, and
Should We Be Looking for Spots?

Beverly Whipple

Current Sexual Health Reports

ISSN 1548-3584

Curr Sex Health Rep

DOI 10.1007/s11930-015-0041-2

1 23
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 Author's personal copy
Curr Sex Health Rep
DOI 10.1007/s11930-015-0041-2
CURRENT CONTROVERSIES (P KLEINPLATZ AND C MOSER, SECTION EDITORS)
Female Ejaculation, G Spot, A Spot, and Should We Be
Looking for Spots?
Beverly Whipple
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2015
Abstract This review considers research concerning the phe-
nomenon of female ejaculation, the G spot, and the A spot.
These topics have been the object of controversy in recent
decades. Female ejaculation has been written about for more
than 2000 years. The area of the Grafenberg or G spot was
named by Drs. John Perry and Beverly Whipple in the early
1980s in honor of Dr. Ernst Grafenberg, and the A spot was
identified by Dr. Chua Chee Ann in 1997. The goal of this
authors research program has been to validate, in a laboratory
setting, womens reports of pleasurable sensual and sexual
experiences, not to create new goals, new spots, or
controversy.
Keywords Female ejaculation . G spot . Grafenberg spot . A
spot . Gushing . Squirting . Female prostate gland .
Clitourethrovaginal complex . CUV
Introduction
Female ejaculation refers to the expulsion of fluid from the
urethra that is different from urine. The fluid is described as
looking like watered-down fat-free milk, tasting sweet, and
usually about a teaspoon (35 cc) in volume. The biological
phenomenon of female ejaculation has been a normal and
pleasurable experience of many womens sexuality. Aristotle
was probably the first to write about female ejaculation and
Galen is said to have known about it in the second century C.E.
In 1672 in his New Treatise Concerning the Generative
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Current Controversies
B. Whipple (*)
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 87 Matlack Drive,
Voorhees, NJ 08043, USA
e-mail: bwhipple@pics.com
Organs of Women, De Graff described the female prostate
and the fluid from the urethra in some detail. Female ejacula-
tion was a tradition in ancient cultures of China, India, Japan,
and other areas of Asia and Africa. The Romans called these
fluids liquor vitae, and in ancient India, the fluids were known
as a amrita (nectar of the gods). Many authors have described
the history of female ejaculation, such as Grafenberg [1],
Sevely and Bennett [2], Addiego et al. [3], Perry and Whipple
[4], Ladas, Whipple, and Perry [5, 6], Belzer, Whipple, and
Moger [7], Stifer [8], Zavaicic and Whipple [9], Cabello [10],
Zavicac [11], Korda, Goldstein, and Sommer [12], and Rubio-
Casillas and Jannini [13].
The area of the Grafenberg spot in women is located about
halfway between the back of the pubic bone and the cervix,
along the course of the urethra. It is a sensitive area that is felt
through the anterior wall of the vagina, which swells when it is
stimulated, although it is difficult to palpate in an un-
stimulated state. Drs. John Perry and Beverly Whipple named
this area the Grafenberg spot to commemorate the research of
Dr. Ernst Grafenberg, a German-born obstetrician and gyne-
cologist, who developed the first IUD. In 1944, Grafenberg
and Robert L. Dickinson described a zone of erogenous feel-
ing located along the suburethral surface of the anterior vagi-
nal wall [14]. In 1950, Dr. Grafenberg wrote about the sensi-
tive area on the anterior wall of the vagina, which when stim-
ulated seems to cause the female urethra to enlarge and swell.
He also described a fluid from the urethra that is different from
urine [1].
Female Ejaculation
Perry and Whipple rediscovered the sensitive area they named
the Grfenberg spot while teaching women Kegel exercises
using biofeedback for stress urinary incontinence. Some of the
women who reported that they lost fluid from their urethra had
 Author's personal copy
very strong pelvic floor muscles, while women with stress
urinary incontinence usually have weak pelvic floor muscles.
The women with strong pelvic floor muscles also reported that
they only lost fluid from their urethra during sexual stimula-
tion and some during orgasm. This led Perry and Whipple to
conduct a study comparing the pelvic muscle strength of
women who they called Bfemale ejaculators^ to women who
did not experience female ejaculation [4]. The results of this
study demonstrated that the pelvic muscle strength of women
who experience female ejaculation was significantly stronger
than the women who did not have this experience. These
women described the fluid as looking like watered-down fat-
free milk, tasting sweet, not smelling like urine, and about a
teaspoon (35 cc) in volume.
The woman who experienced female ejaculation also re-
ported that there seemed to be a sensitive area felt through the
anterior wall of their vagina and stimulation of this area caused
the expulsion of fluid from their urethra and in some cases an
orgasm that felt different from their orgasm from clitoral stim-
ulation. They reported that the orgasm felt deeper inside their
body and produced a bearing down sensation, with the uterus
pushing down into the vagina, rather than the tenting effect of
the vagina (where the end of the vagina balloons out and the
uterus pulls up), as reported at orgasm by Masters and John-
son in 1966, in response to clitoral stimulation [15]. Perry and
Whipples team of medical doctors and nurse practitioners
examined over 400 women and found this sensitive area,
which swells when it is stimulated with a Bcome here^ motion,
in all women tested [5, 6]. The women were lying on their
back and the stimulation of the area felt through the anterior
vaginal wall was done with two fingers, with the palm of the
hand up, of the person doing the stimulation. They then named
this area the Grfenberg spot after Dr. Ernst Grfenberg, who
wrote about the sensitive area that surrounds the urethra and
the expulsion of a fluid from the urethra that is different from
urine [3, 4].
Dr. Milan Zaviacic and Dr. Beverly Whipple started an
email correspondence after Perry and Whipple first published
their findings in 1981. They met personally when Whipple
visited Zaviacic in Bratislava in 1986 and again in 2005. They
had mutual interests in female expulsion of fluid from the
urethra and thus began an almost 30-year history of collabo-
ration and consultation. Unfortunately, Dr. Milan Zaviacic,
passed away on January 9, 2010. (unpublished data).
Dr. Milan Zaviacic, after conducting hundreds of studies,
concluded that the fluid expelled through the urethra comes
from the female prostate gland. His book, The Human Female
Prostate [11], cites most of his anatomical studies as well as
chemical analysis of the fluid [16]. This fluid has been ana-
lyzed chemically by others, such as Addiego and colleagues
[3], Belzer, Whipple, and Moger [7], and Rubio-Casillas and
Jannini [13], all of whom found that the chemical components
of the ejaculated fluid were significantly different from urine
Curr Sex Health Rep
from the same subjects. Specifically, the ejaculate contains
high levels of prostatic acid phosphatase, prostatic specific
antigen, glucose, and fructose, but low levels of urea and
creatinine. The chemical composition of healthy urine is the
opposite of female ejaculate, so they are easily differentiated
from each other. That is, healthy urine contains high levels of
urea and creatinine and no prostatic acid phosphatase, prostat-
ic specific antigen, or glucose (of course, the urine of persons
with diabetes may contain glucose). Other researchers have
described the occurrence of female ejaculation without
performing any chemical analysis. There are many films and
books claiming to teach women to ejaculate, but these films
and books do not report an analysis of the fluid, and the
amounts shown to be expelled in these films are much larger
than those collected and analyzed in laboratory settings.
Rubio-Casillas and Jannini [13] have reported on the
chemical composition of three fluids expelled from the
urethra: urine, large amounts of a clear fluid that has
been called squirting or Bgushing,^ and what Perry,
Whipple, and Zaviacic have all called female ejacula-
tion. Their biochemical evidence demonstrates that the
clear and abundant fluid that is ejected in gushers is
different from the real female ejaculation, and all are
different from urine from the same subject. Consequent-
ly, it is questionable as to whether in those cases the
large amounts of fluid are female ejaculate or, more
likely, as Rubio-Casillas and Jannini demonstrated, di-
lute urine [17].
From these studies, it is evident that some women ex-
pel a fluid that is different from urine during sexual ac-
tivities and orgasm and some women may also expel
urine. In a review of the literature in 1991, Whipple and
Komisaruk [18] reported that in some women, G spot
stimulation, orgasm, and female ejaculation are related,
while in others they are not. There are reports that some
women have experienced female ejaculation with orgasm
from clitoral stimulation and some women have reported
experiencing ejaculation without orgasm [3, 5, 6].
The A Spot
The A spot, the anterior fornix erogenous zone or AFE zone,
was described by Chua Chee Ann, a Malaysian physician, as a
possible sexual stimulatory region in women. It is a region of
sensitive tissue on the anterior vaginal wall, proximal to the
area of the vaginal wall through which the area of the G spot is
stimulated, and just before the cervix [19]. Dr Chua suggests
that not all women will find this area spontaneously sensitive.
He says that some women need a fair amount of practice with
the A spot stimulation technique before the area becomes
erotically sensitized. He has a website about this area (www.
aspot-pioneer.com).
 Author's personal copy
Curr Sex Health Rep
The G Spot
The tissues that compose the area of the G spot have been
reported by many. In 1982, Perry and Whipple wrote that BThe
G spot is probably composed of a complex network of blood
vessels, the parauretheal glands and ducts (female prostate),
nerve endings, and the tissue surrounding the bladder neck^
[5]. In the Orgasm Answer Guide, Komisaruk, Whipple et al.
[20] noted that the area Jannini and colleagues call the clitoris-
urethra-vaginal complex (also known as the area of the G spot)
contains several different organs in this highly complex body
region. BThese include 1) the anterior vaginal wall, 2) the ure-
thra, 3) the Skenes glands (also called the para-urethral glands
or female prostate gland), 4) perhaps other glands in this region
(vestibular glands, Bartholins glands), 5) the surrounding mus-
cle and connection tissue, and 6) perhaps even portions of the
clitoris.^ [20, p. 101].
In 2010, in the section of the Journal of Sexual Medicine
called BControversies in Sexual Medicine,^ Jannini, Whipple
et al. presented information about the area of the G spot. The
conclusion was that although a huge amount of data have been
accumulated in the last 60 years, more research is still needed
[21]. In 2012 in the same journal, Kilchevsky et al. [22] reported
that the female G spot is not a distinct anatomical entity found in
the anterior vaginal wall. Perry and Whipple [4], Ladas, Whipple
and Perry [5], Addiego et al., [3], Jannini et al. [21], and other
researchers have not defined it as a distinct anatomical entity in
the anterior vaginal wall. Again in 2012 in the BControversies in
Sexual Medicine^, in the Journal of Sexual Medicine, research
was reviewed in which it was demonstrated that women can
experience orgasm from many forms of stimulation and that the
assumption that women may experience only the clitoral, external
orgasm is not based on the best available scientific evidence [23].
Using modern imagery techniques, Jannini et al. [24] pro-
vide data to support the anatomical relationships and dynamic
interrelations between the clitoris, urethra, and anterior virgin-
al wall, which led them to calling the region of the Grafenberg
spot the clitourethrovaginal (CUV) complex.
Controversy
Since at least 2006, Dr. Vincenzo Puppo has been publishing
papers saying that the G spot does not exist. He states that
BGrafenberg discovered no G-spot in 1950; the supposed G-
spot must not be identified with Grafenbergs name^ [25 p.7].
Drs. Perry and Whipple named this sensitive area to honor Dr.
Grafenberg for his earlier findings and his findings published
in 1950, Dr. Grafenberg did not name this area after himself.
Puppo further states that Bthe claims by Frank Addiego, Bev-
erly Whipple, Emmanuele Jannini, Odile Bussion, Helen
OConnell, Irwin Goldstein, Barry Komisaruk and others
have no scientific basis^ [25 p.8]. As far as the literature
shows, Dr. Puppo has not conducted any research studies
himself. In addition, he states that Bthe correct anatomical term
to describe the erectile tissues response for female orgasm is
the female penis^ [26, p.134]. When Dr. Komisaruk published
a letter to the editor about Dr. Puppos criticism of our re-
search, Dr. Puppo asked why our subjects used self-stimula-
tion. He stated BWe have challenged him to repeat his exper-
iment on other women in our presence, and in the presence of
colleagues and journalists, but the women must not be self-
stimulated. Dr. Komisaruk rejected our proposal^ [27 p.1]. Dr.
Komisaruk and I do not conduct research with journalists
watching, and we would not request IRB approval for a study
as proposed by Dr. Puppo.
Conclusion
It is important for women and their male and female partners
to know that the phenomenon of female ejaculation is a nor-
mal part of healthy sexuality. Many women reported that they
had surgery to correct this fluid expulsion and others reported
that they stopped experiencing orgasm [4]. It is also important
for health care providers to be aware of this phenomenon and
to help their patients to realize that this is a normal, healthy
part of female sexual responses. When writing about my re-
search findings, I have ended one article with the following, BI
want to conclude by saying that orgasm in women is in the
brain, it is felt in many body regions, and it can be stimulated
from many body regions as well as from imagery alone. Or-
gasm is not a just a reflex, it is a total body experience. We
need to continue to be open to documenting the various plea-
surable sensual and sexual experiences reported by women. It
is important to be aware of the variety of sexual responses that
women report and that have been documented in the labora-
tory. It is also important not to put women into a model of only
one or two ways to experience sensual and sexual pleasure,
satisfaction, and orgasm. Women need to be encouraged to
feel good about the variety of ways they experience sexual
pleasure, without setting up specific goals (such as finding the
G spot, experiencing female ejaculation, or experiencing an
orgasm from vaginal stimulation). Healthy sexuality begins
with acceptance of the self, in addition to an emphasis on
the process, rather than the goals of sexual interactions^ [23,
p.959]. We need scientific studies and then acceptance of the
reports of womens sensual and sexual pleasure, we do not
need any more spots.
Compliance with Ethics Guidelines
Conflict of Interest Beverly Whipple declares no conflict of interest.
Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent This article does
not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by the
author.
 Author's personal copy
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