BIOL10811

One hour only

DO NOT REMOVE THIS EXAM PAPER FROM THE EXAMINATION ROOM

UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER

BODY SYSTEMS

22 January 2015
09:45 10:45

Electronic calculators may be used provided that they cannot store text.

Before beginning to answer the questions please study the instructions carefully. The
method of selection of the appropriate answer changes during the course of the paper.

Indicate your answers in pencil on the answer sheet provided according to the
instructions on the next page. If you wish to change an answer you have given erase
the original letter and make sure that your final answer is bold and clear.

Check carefully that you have entered your registration ID number on the answer sheet
as instructed.

Please read the following sheet carefully before you begin the examination.

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 BIOL10811

Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) Answer Sheet Instructions

Please read this page very carefully before starting the exam.

Please note that this exam will be negatively marked. That is, a fraction of a mark
(1/(n-1), where n is the number of options) will be subtracted for each wrong answer e.g.
a wrong answer to a question with 4 possible choices will receive a mark of
-0.33. This is intended to ensure that if you guess at random, you will get a score of
zero. Questions that are not answered or where the answer is llegible will score zero.

Notes for filling out the MCQ answer sheet:

1. Use a pencil (HB grade would be best) and have an eraser available in case you
make a mistake. Also have a sharpener with you.
2. To record an answer, fill in the relevant letter choice for each question. If you
make a mistake, thoroughly erase or cross out the wrong answer and select a
new choice.
3. Do not mark the sheet anywhere except as instructed; this may result in
rejection of the sheet from the reader.

4. Write your name in the boxes provided.

5. It is absolutely necessary to record your ID number (shown on your Library Card)

accurately in the space provided. This is done as follows:

a. Write the first 7 digits of your ID

number in the box provided (see
diagram) i.e. omitting the final digit,
which should be in a lighter font. Do
not use any other number. If in doubt
call an invigilator.

b. Beneath the box fill in the appropriate

corresponding number in the column
below each digit.

c. Please note that this is the only

criteria by which your answer sheet
will be recognised by the optical
reader. If you get it wrong the sheet
will be rejected from the reader!

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 BIOL10811
In questions 1 to 25 select the ONE CORRECT option from those provided.

1. The movement of water across a membrane from an area of low solute

concentration to an area of higher solute concentration is known as

a. diffusion
b. active transport
c. osmosis
d. facilitated transport

2. Compared to the outside surface, the inside of a resting cell membrane is

a. negatively charged
b. electrically neutral
c. positively charged
d. continuously reversing its electrical charge

3. Muscarinic receptors

a. are located on the surface of ganglion cells in both the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system
b. are activated by noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
c. are activated by acetylcholine
d. when stimulated always produce an excitatory response

4. Regarding anatomical locations, the

a. ankle is proximal to the knee

b. diaphragm is inferior to the liver
c. diaphragm is superior to the lungs
d. hand is distal to the elbow

5. A branch of the brachiocephalic artery is the

a. left axillary artery

b. left common carotid artery
c. right brachial artery
d. right subclavian artery

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 BIOL10811
In questions 1 to 25 select the ONE CORRECT option from those provided.

6. The type of junctions which allow the transmission of electrical activity between
cardiac muscle cells are

a. desmosomes
b. gap junctions
c. hemidesmosomes
d. tight junctions

7. The epicardium of the heart

a. adheres tightly to the heart

b. forms the innermost layer of the heart
c. is fused to the pericardium
d. prevents overstretching of the heart

8. The specific process by which red blood cells are formed is called

a. erythropoiesis
b. erythropoietin
c. haemopoiesis
d. leucopoiesis

9. The stem cell that differentiates to form all types of blood cells is the

a. myeloid stem cell

b. pluripotent stem cell
c. proerythroblast
d. progranulocyte

10. The agranular leukocyte that leaves the blood and becomes a macrophage in the
tissues is the

a. basophil
b. lymphocyte
c. monocyte
d. neutrophil

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 BIOL10811
In questions 1 to 25 select the ONE CORRECT option from those provided.

11. When a blood vessel is damaged, clot formation includes the conversion of
fibrinogen into X by the action of the enzyme Y

a. X = fibrin, Y = prothrombin
b. X = fibrin, Y = thrombin
c. X = thrombin, Y = erythropoietin
d. X = thrombin, Y = prothrombin

12. Tachycardia is

a. a deviation of the hearts normal rate

b. typified by an decrease in the number of beats per minute
c. caused by reduced activity of the sinoatrial node cells
d. typified by the generation of fewer triggered heart beats

13. During the cardiac cycle, the route that electrical signals travel outwards from the
pacemaker is

a. AV node, AV bundle, SA node, Purkinje fibres, bundle branches

b. SA node, AV bundle, AV node, bundle branches, Purkinje fibres
c. Purkinje fibres, bundle branches, AV node, AV bundle, SA node
d. SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibres

14. The largest fraction of total blood volume is found

a. in the aorta
b. between the aorta and capillaries
c. in the capillaries
d. in small and large veins

15. As blood travels from the aorta toward the capillaries, the

a. flow increases
b. pressure increases
c. diameter of the blood vessels increases
d. resistance increases

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 BIOL10811
In questions 1 to 25 select the ONE CORRECT option from those provided.

16. Drugs commonly used to treat cardiovascular diseases and their respective
mechanisms of action of include

a. angiotensin receptor blockers which cause vasoconstriction

b. statins which inhibit cholesterol synthesis
c. -adrenoceptor antagonists which increase cardiac output
d. digitalis glycosides which decrease force of contraction

17. The nasopharynx is lined with

a. non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

b. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
c. simple squamous epithelium
d. stratified squamous epithelium

18. The right and left lung differ, in that the right lung

a. contains the cardiac notch to accommodate the heart

b. has 1 fissure, whereas the left lung has 2 fissures
c. has 3 lobes, whereas the left lung has 2 lobes
d. is longer than the left lung

19. An increase in thoracic volume

a. causes an increase in intrapulmonary pressure

b. occurs due to contraction of the internal intercostal muscles
c. occurs due to relaxation of the diaphragm
d. results in air entering the lungs

20. In order for lungs to function normally the intrapleural pressure must

a. alternate between being less than and greater than atmospheric pressure
b. be between +5 and +10 mmHg above atmospheric pressure
c. be lower than alveolar pressure
d. be the same as atmospheric pressure

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 BIOL10811
In questions 1 to 25 select the ONE CORRECT option from those provided.

21. A healthy adult male who takes 15 breaths in 1 minute, has a tidal volume of 500
mL and a total lung capacity of 4 L will have a respiratory minute ventilation of

a. 2.5 L
b. 4.5 L
c. 7.5 L
d. 30,000 L

22. The maximum volume of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiration is

a. inspiratory capacity
b. tidal volume
c. total lung capacity
d. vital capacity

23. The primary regulator of the central chemoreceptors is

a. arterial pH
b. input from stretch and mechanoreceptors
c. PCO2
d. PO2

24. In the lungs, oxygenation of haemoglobin will

a. aid unloading of CO2 in the lungs

b. increase buffering power
c. increase release of H+ ions
d. lower affinity for H+ ions

25. Obstructive lung disorders include

a. respiratory distress syndrome

b. emphysema
c. fibrosis
d. pleurisy

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 BIOL10811
In questions 26 to 50 select the ONE INCORRECT option from those provided.

For questions 26 to 50, there has been a change in question format.

From now on, indicate the ONE INCORRECT option from those provided.

26. The bodys intracellular fluid

a. has a higher protein concentration than interstitial fluid

b. volume is larger than that of extracellular fluid
c. is divided into plasma and transcellular fluid
d. is separated from interstitial fluid by the plasma membrane

27. Parasympathetic nerves

a. innervate skeletal muscle

b. have their origins in the sacral region of the spinal chord
c. have long pre-ganglionic fibres
d. use acetylcholine as a transmitter

28. The movement of an ion through an ion channel can be influenced by the

a. membrane potential
b. osmotic potential across the membrane
c. charge on the ion
d. concentration gradient of the ion across the membrane

29. Skeletal muscle

a. can be found in sphincters

b. contains multinucleated cells
c. controls the diameter of blood vessels
d. is under voluntary control

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 BIOL10811
In questions 26 to 50 select the ONE INCORRECT option from those provided.

30. Arteries differ from veins, in that arteries

a. are able to control the rate of blood flow to suit the needs of the structure that
they supply
b. are highly contractile due to the presence of smooth muscle
c. contain folds in the tunica intima that form valves
d. have a thicker tunica media than veins

31. The hepatic portal vein receives blood from the

a. large intestine
b. liver
c. small intestine
d. stomach

32. The lymphatic system

a. drains lymph from both upper limbs and the head via the thoracic duct
b. returns excess tissue fluid to the blood vascular system
c. consists of a series of vessels that include blind-ended capillaries
d. is involved in the bodys defence against infection

33. The coronary circulation includes the

a. right coronary artery which supplies blood to the SA node and AV node
b. left coronary artery which supplies blood to the left ventricle
c. coronary sinus which drains into the left atrium
d. anterior cardiac veins which drain into the right atrium

34. Aged red blood cells can be broken down by macrophages in the

a. lymph nodes
b. liver
c. spleen
d. uterus

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 BIOL10811
In questions 26 to 50 select the ONE INCORRECT option from those provided.

35. Haemoglobin

a. concentration is greater in normal healthy males than females

b. has a ferrous iron atom in the centre of the haem group
c. is a tetramer of 4 alpha and 4 beta subunits
d. is the main transporter of oxygen

36. Regarding white blood cells

a. neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cell

b. all types of white blood cell have a single lobed nucleus
c. their cytoplasm may either be granular or agranular
d. they can be identified by their nuclear shape and size

37. Stroke volume will increase as a result of an increase in

a. preload
b. contractility
c. afterload
d. end diastolic volume

38. Cardiac output

a. may fall momentarily when moving from a supine (lying) to standing position
b. is normally greater for the left side of the heart than from the right
c. increases during vigorous exercise
d. is determined by heart rate and stroke volume

39. The reflex responses to an increase in mean arterial blood pressure may include a
decrease in

a. cardiac output
b. heart rate
c. discharge of cardiac parasympathetic nerves
d. total peripheral resistance

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 BIOL10811
In questions 26 to 50 select the ONE INCORRECT option from those provided.

40. In the coronary circulation

a. blood flow will increase during a period of exercise

b. partial blockage of an artery may cause angina
c. extraction of oxygen at the capillaries is much greater than in most other
tissues
d. blood flow through the arteries is greatest during ventricular systole

41. Arterial baroreceptors

a. are present in the carotid sinus

b. are stretch receptors
c. decrease their discharge rate when there is an increase in arterial blood
pressure
d. are tonically active at normal blood pressures

42. The terminal portion of the respiratory tree

a. consists of the alveoli

b. contains smooth muscle within its walls
c. is lined with simple squamous epithelium
d. is the site of gas exchange

43. The neurovascular supply to the intercostal muscles

a. also supplies the parietal pleura

b. also supplies the skin adjacent to the muscles
c. runs between the external and internal intercostal muscles
d. runs inferiorly to the rib

44. During inspiration, the following muscle(s) contracts

a. external intercostals
b. diaphragm
c. pectoralis minor
d. rectus abdominis

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 BIOL10811
In questions 26 to 50 select the ONE INCORRECT option from those provided.

45. Smaller lung volumes are generally found in

a. females
b. people living at high altitude
c. shorter people
d. smokers

46. Residual volume

a. cannot be measured by a spirometer

b. helps to stabilise the composition of alveolar air
c. is approximately 500 mL in both males and females
d. is the volume of air left in the lungs after a normal, passive exhalation

47. When considering compliance of the lungs

a. a low level of surfactant will decrease lung compliance

b. it is an indicator of how lungs expand and contract
c. mobility of the thoracic cavity will not affect compliance
d. the greater the compliance the easier it is to fill and empty the lungs

48. During inspiration

a. intrapulmonary pressure decreases

b. the diaphragm lifts up
c. the ribs move upward and out
d. thoracic volume increases

49. Intrapleural pressure

a. can reach -18 mmHg during a powerful inspiration

b. is typically approximately -4 mmHg
c. is the pressure inside the alveoli
d. is usually below atmospheric pressure

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 BIOL10811
In questions 26 to 50 select the ONE INCORRECT option from those provided.

50. Asthma

a. can be caused by air pollution

b. can be treated with bronchoconstrictors such as salbutamol
c. presents with symptoms that include oedema of airway mucosa
d. will cause an increase in airway resistance

END OF EXAMINATION PAPER

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