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UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER
BIODIVERSITY
14:00 15:00
Electronic calculators may be used provided that they cannot store text.
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BIOL10511
Please note that this exam will be negatively marked. That is, a fraction of a
mark (1/(n-1), where n is the number of options) will be subtracted for each
wrong answer e.g. a wrong answer to a question with 4 possible choices will
receive a mark of
-0.33. This is intended to ensure that if you guess at random, you will get a score
of zero. Questions that are not answered or where the answer is llegible will
score zero.
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A. 1 minute
B. 3 minutes
C. 10 minutes
D. 30 minutes
2. Organisms that use light as their energy source and organic forms of
carbon as their source of carbon are called:
A. photoautotrophs
B. chemoautotrophs
C. photoheterotrophs
D. chemoheterotrophs
A. contain thylakoids
B. are eukaryotes
C. have cellulose cell walls
D. contain mitochondria
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11. The brown seaweed Macrocystis, which forms kelp forests off the
Californian coast :
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15. Welwitschia mirabilis is one of the few successful organisms in the Namib
desert because:
16. The evolutionary step thought to have been most critical in making
angiosperms (flowering plants) more successful than gymnosperms is
thought to have been:
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A. on seaweeds.
B. on urchins and crustaceans.
C. by detecting bioluminescence of dinoflagellates disturbed by the fish
they prey on.
D. by using sonar to locate the squid they prey on.
A. locust.
B. millipede.
C. sperm whale.
D. Branchiostoma (lancelet).
21. Amphibians:
A. are tetrapods.
B. lack jaws.
C. lack eyelids.
D. lay amniotic eggs.
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22. When confronted with starvation, the social amoeba Dictyostelium initiates
a developmental process that starts with cell aggregation, and ends with a
sporing structure. The process includes:
A. Cyclic AMP, which elicits chemotactic responses.
B. Cells aggregating into a slug which migrates into the soil.
C. Amoebae engulfing each other until only the fittest survives.
D. Some amobae forming elaters and others forming spores.
A. an autotrophic organism.
B. a carnivorous organism.
C. a parasite.
D. sexually deceptive.
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29. The orchids are a very successful and horticulturally important group
which include plants that:
(i) insects
(ii) heat
(iii) minty odours
(iv) bats
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(i) uses hyaluronic acids to capture cations from the surrounding water.
(ii) is an environmentally important carbon sink
(iii) has leaves which contain a higher proportion of dead than living tissue.
(iv) can deter competitors by making its environment alkaline.
33. Snails:
(i) They produce modified leaves that form traps for animals.
(ii) By digesting the bodies of insects.
(iii) They produce modified leaves that provide roosts for animals.
(iv) By digesting the faeces of mammals.
END OF SECTION A
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SECTION B
(1/3 of marks, total 18 marks, suggested time 20 min)
Write words or short notes to answer each of the following questions. Full
sentences are NOT required. The answers in Section B are NOT negatively
marked. Answers should be provided in the spaces provided on this answer
sheet. Write your Registration Number (from your swipe card) clearly at the
bottom of each answer-sheet.
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_____
_____
41. Giant clams are molluscs (animals). Explain how they are able to harvest
energy from the sun and what the implications of recent research on this
mechanism might be for biofuel production. (2 marks).
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Images reproduced from Campbell Biology (Pearson); Open University Tree of Life
http://www.open.edu/openlearn/nature-environment/natural-history/tree-life and New Scientist.
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