THE PROBLEM

Chapter I

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

Feminists are deeply divided on the issue of prostitution,

and the debate between the sexwork and the abolitionist lobbies

is often heated and bitter.

The abolitionists argue that prostitution is carried out

primarily by women and therefore should be seen as part of the

perpetuation of the traditional roles of power of men over

women, and be abolished. (Davidson)

Prostitution has many features in common with other

activities entailing bodily service. It differs from these

activities in many subtle ways but the biggest difference

consists in the fact that it is, today, more widely stigmatized.

The stigma comes from a moral judgement: historically,

prostitution has been seen as immoral because non-reproductive

extramarital sex has been viewed as immoral.

Prostitution is categorized as sex work. It involves the

exchange of sexual services, performances, or products for

 THE PROBLEM

material compensation. It includes activities of direct physical

contact between buyers and sellers.

Prostitution is a bad attitude which will cause the bad

impacts for their lives. The impacts have been giving the

anxiety for society by their presents and the venereal disease

caused by sexual intercourse done with men. Prostitution has

been phenomena happened everywhere and it has been known by

society since long time ago until today. It is proven by many

reports about it in many regions, cities and countries. (Steinar

Strom)

Prostitution viewed as something negative or bad by society

because prostitutes were selling or renting their bodies to

other men for earning money. Prostitutes have their own reasons

why they choose this profession since it causes the bad impact

for their selves and people around them.

There are many reasons which drive the prostitutes in

choosing the profession, one of them is economic reason; women

come from lower-class background who have no income for their

survival, so that many women from this community choose to work

as a whore or prostitute for their survival. Other reason is for

their pleasure; they do that because they enjoy having sexual

intimate with men and also will earn much money and want to get

more satisfaction sexually. (Steven E. Barkan)

 THE PROBLEM

Prostitution in the Philippines is illegal, although

somewhat tolerated among society, with law enforcement being

rare with regards to sex workers. Penalties range up to life

imprisonment for those involved in trafficking, which is covered

by the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003. Prostitution is

often available through bars, karaoke bars (also known as

KTVs), massage parlors, brothels (also known as casa), street

walkers, and escort services.

In 2013, it was estimated that there were up to 500,000

prostitutes in the Philippines, from a population of roughly

97.5 million. Citing a 2005 study, Senator Pia S. Cayetano

asserted in her Anti-Prostitution Act (Senate Bill No. 2341

s.2010), that the number of people being exploited in

prostitution in the Philippines could be as high as 800,000. The

bill was reintroduced in 2013 as Senate Bill No. 3382, and in

2015 as Senate Bill No. 2621.

There is no one single reason for the widespread prevalence

of prostitution in the Philippines. Poverty is but one reason,

as cultural factors and the attitude of people toward money and

the social acceptance of prostitution play a major role.

As in most other countries, there are three types of

prostitutes or sex working girls in the Philippines:

streetwalkers, entertainment girls, and call girls or high-class

 THE PROBLEM

prostitutes. Streetwalkers are not common, are usually self-

employed, and many have pimps. Their safety is at jeopardy on

the streets. (Jeffrey Hays)

Prostitution as reported is one of the familiar crimes in

Pagsawitan, Santa Cruz, Laguna. Accordingly, most of the women

young and adult are engaged in prostitution. That is why the

researcher conducted this study to know if prostitution is

really rampant in Pagsawitan, Laguna, to discover what are the

causes and effects of prostitution and lastly, to know what are

the preventive measures of prostitution in order to discover the

solution to the problem.

Conceptual/Theoretical Framework

Prostitution is low-skill, labor intensive, female, and

well paid. This paper proposes a marriage market explanation to

this puzzle. If a prostitute compromises her marriage market

prospects, she will have to be compensated for forgone marriage

market opportunities. We discuss the link between poverty and

prostitution and show that prostitution may decrease with male

income if wives and prostitutes are drawn from the same pool of

women. We point to the role of male sex ratios, and males in

transit, in sustaining high levels of prostitution, and we

 THE PROBLEM

discuss possible reasons for its low reputation and implications

for marriage patterns. (Lena Edlund)

INDEPENDENT VIARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

1. Present status of Degree of proliferation of
Prostitution in the town Human Trafficking and
of Santa Cruz Laguna Prostitution in the town of
2. Present Status of Santa Cruz.
Human Trafficking in the

town of Santa Cruz Laguna

3. Is there a

significant association

between the proliferation

of Human Trafficking and

Prostitution.
 THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem and Hypothesis

1. What is the present status of Prostitution in the town of

Santa Cruz Laguna in terms of:

1.1 Number of Arrests

1.2 Number of Report

1.3 Number of Victims

2. What is the present status of Human Trafficking in the town

of Santa Cruz Laguna in terms of:

2.1 Number of Arrest

2.2 Number of Report

2.3 Number of Victims

3. Is a there significant association between the

proliferation of Human Trafficking and Prostitution in

terms of:

3.1 Number of Arrest

3.2 Number of Report

 THE PROBLEM

Hypothesis:

There is no significant association difference between the

proliferation of Human Trafficking and Prostitution.

 THE PROBLEM

Electronic Sources

http://glc.yale.edu/sites/default/files/pdf/the_rights_and_wrong
s_of_prostitution.pdf (Davidson)

https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=Uyd9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7&lpg=PA7
&dq=Prostitution+has+many+features+in+common+with+other+activiti
es+entailing+bodily+service.+It+differs+from+these+activities+in
+many+subtle+ways+but+the+biggest+difference+consists+in+the+fac
t+that+it+is,+today,+more+widely+stigmatized.&source=bl&ots=X7NZ
VJGoI5&sig=x_us3QKfevgO6i2Crofy2zXXKtE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj7o
JuD7bLWAhXIzLwKHUeDC7IQ6AEIJDAA#v=onepage&q=Prostitution%20has%2
0many%20features%20in%20common%20with%20other%20activities%20ent
ailing%20bodily%20service.%20It%20differs%20from%20these%20activ
ities%20in%20many%20subtle%20ways%20but%20the%20biggest%20differ
ence%20consists%20in%20the%20fact%20that%20it%20is%2C%20today%2C
%20more%20widely%20stigmatized.&f=false (Marina Della Giusta, Maria
Di Tommaso, Steinar Strm)

https://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/reader/3064?e=bar
kansoc_1.0-ch09_s04 (barkan)

http://www.globalization101.org/human-trafficking/ (UNODC.org)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Philippines

http://factsanddetails.com/southeast-
asia/Philippines/sub5_6e/entry-3895.html (Jeffrey Hays)

https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2014/226799.htm
(human trafficking in Philippines)

http://www.choike.org/documentos/traffick/02frame.pdf
(conceptual framework)
 THE PROBLEM

http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/324390 (Lena
Edlund)

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2013/ra_10364_2013.htm
l (legal basis)
 THE PROBLEM

Research Paradigm

Figure 1 presents the paradigm of the study which shows

this process of this study. The dependent variables were

evaluated by establishing the independent variables such as

the level of
 THE PROBLEM

Legal Basis

Republic Act No. 9208

AN ACT TO INSTITUTE POLICIES TO ELIMINATE TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS

ESPECIALLY WOMEN AND CHILDREN, ESTABLISHING THE NECESSARY

INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR THE PROTECTION AND SUPPORT OF

TRAFFICKED PERSONS, PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR ITS VIOLATIONS, AND

FOR OTHER

Section 1. Title. This Act shall be known as the "Anti-

Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003".

Section 3. Definition of Terms. - As used in this Act:

(a) Trafficking in Persons - refers to the recruitment,

transportation, transfer or harboring, or receipt of

persons with or without the victim's consent or knowledge,

within or across national borders by means of threat or use

of force, or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud,

deception, abuse of power or of position, taking advantage

of the vulnerability of the person, or, the giving or

receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of

a person having control over another person for the purpose

of exploitation which includes at a minimum, the

 THE PROBLEM

exploitation or the prostitution of others or other forms

of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery,

servitude or the removal or sale of organs.

The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or

receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation shall

also be considered as "trafficking in persons" even if it

does not involve any of the means set forth in the

preceding paragraph.

Section 4. Acts of Trafficking in Persons. - It shall be

unlawful for any person, natural or juridical, to commit

any of the following acts:

(a) To recruit, transport, transfer; harbor, provide, or

receive a person by any means, including those done under

the pretext of domestic or overseas employment or training

or apprenticeship, for the purpose of prostitution,

pornography, sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery,

involuntary servitude or debt bondage;

(c) Prostitution - refers to any act, transaction, scheme

or design involving the use of a person by another, for

sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct in exchange for

money, profit or any other consideration.