Bribery

ompetency Test (Random Difficulty Questions) - 83%

Question 1
[1064621] Which country passed the 'Foreign and Corrupt Practices Act' in 1977?

A
India
B
United States
C
Soviet Union
D
United Kingdom
You answered : B - United States
The correct answer is: B - United States
Explanation
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) is a piece of US legislation that applies to
US national citizens, or anyone acting in a way that could be an offence under the
Act while resident in the US, and to any company listed on a US Stock Exchange,
who or which bribes a foreign official for the purpose of obtaining or retaining
business for or with, or directing business to, any person.
Question 2
[1064587] Which of the following statements are true, concerning the difference
between bribery and corruption?

I
Bribery is always a transactional offence; corruption need not necessarily be so
II
Corruption is a sub-set of bribery
A
Neither reasons I nor II
B
Reason I, but not II
C
Reason II, but not I
D
Both reasons I and II
You answered : B - Reason I, but not II
The correct answer is: B - Reason I, but not II
Explanation
Bribery is a transactional offence where a person is persuaded to act in favour of the
person offering, promising to offer or giving the bribe without the knowledge of his
employer, and in contradiction of his official duty. Although bribery is a sub-set of
corruption, there are other forms of corrupt behaviour which are neither bribery nor
transaction based; examples include abuse of office and obstruction of justice.
Question 3
[1064608] Which of the following statements is true regarding the 'Six Principles' of
the UK Bribery Act 2010?

A
They have no mandatory status
B
They are aimed at helping individuals avoid accusations of receiving bribes
C
They help companies to define who is, and who is not, a 'foreign public official'
D
If a company chooses not to adopt the Six Principles, they are automatically deemed
to be breaking section 7 of the Act
You answered : A - They have no mandatory status
The correct answer is: A - They have no mandatory status
Explanation
The Guidance on the Bribery Act sets out six principles on which anti-bribery
procedures put in place by commercial organisations should be based. The
principles are neither mandatory nor prescriptive but, along with the Guidance,
indicate what prosecutors and judges may be looking for in terms of company
policies or statements when companies put forward an adequate procedures
defence.
Question 4
[1064614] Under the UK Bribery Act 2010, companies face liability for bribery carried
out by persons that are associated with the company. Which statement is false
regarding 'associated persons'?

A
Formal position is the key determinant in identifying an 'associated person'
B
Employees are assumed to be associated with their company by definition
C
Firms must have adequate procedures to control the actions taken by associated
persons
D
Associated persons are persons that perform services for the company
You answered : A - Formal position is the key determinant in identifying an
'associated person'
The correct answer is: A - Formal position is the key determinant in identifying an
'associated person'
Explanation
A person associated with the commercial organisation is someone who performs
services for or on behalf of the commercial organisation, and their formal or informal
status - employee, agent or subsidiary - is immaterial; it is the circumstances rather
than just the status that will determine what associated means. In the case of an
employee, it will be assumed that they are an associated person by definition. The
only defence to the commercial organisation is if they can prove that it has in place
adequate procedures designed to prevent persons associated with the commercial
organisation from undertaking such conduct. The Act is clear that it is the
circumstance of the relationship, and not simply the formal position that will
determine the relationship between the commercial organisation and the associated
person.
Question 5
[1064616] What is the maximum penalty for an individual found guilty of offering a
bribe on conviction on indictment under the UK Bribery Act 2010?

A
Five years' imprisonment and/or an unlimited fine
B
Seven years' imprisonment and/or an unlimited fine
C
Ten years' imprisonment and/or an unlimited fine
D
Fourteen years' imprisonment and/or an unlimited fine
You answered : C - Ten years' imprisonment and/or an unlimited fine
The correct answer is: C - Ten years' imprisonment and/or an unlimited fine
Explanation
The penalties, for all offences apart from those relating to commercial organisations,
are: - An individual guilty of an offence is liable on summary conviction, to
imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or to a fine not exceeding the
statutory maximum (5,000), or to both, and, on conviction on indictment, to
imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, or to an unlimited fine, or to both. -
Any other person guilty of an offence is liable on summary conviction, to a fine not
exceeding the statutory maximum, and, on conviction on indictment, to a fine. In
relation to commercial organisations, the sanction on conviction on indictment for
failing to prevent bribery is an unlimited fine.
Question 6
[1064598] Which of the following is necessary to create an offence of 'offering a
bribe' under the UK's Bribery Act 2010 ('the Act')?

A
Intent to influence another person's behaviour
B
Offering the bribe before the improper action
C
Intent to induce a person to perform improperly a relevant function or activity
D
The bribe must be in the form of money
You answered : A - Intent to influence another person's behaviour
The correct answer is: C - Intent to induce a person to perform improperly a
relevant function or activity
Explanation
Under the Bribery Act 2010, it is an offence if you offer, promise or give a financial or
other advantage to another person, and intend the advantage to induce a person to
perform improperly a relevant function or activity, or to reward a person for the
improper performance of such a function or activity. A bribe does not have to
precede the improper act; it could be given as a reward after the fact. Merely
intending to 'influence another person's behaviour' is not an offence. A bribe does
not have to consist of giving money - the Act refers to 'financial or other advantage'.
Question 7
[1064596] What type of offences are criminalised under section 6 of the UK's Bribery
Act 2010 ('the Act')?

A
Offences relating to bribery of foreign public officials
B
Offences relating to receiving bribes
C
Offences relating to offering bribes
D
Failure of commercial organisations to prevent bribery
You answered : A - Offences relating to bribery of foreign public officials
The correct answer is: A - Offences relating to bribery of foreign public officials
Explanation
Under the Bribery Act 2010, the main offences by section are: Section 1 - Offences
of bribing another person; Section 2 - Offences relating to being bribed; Section 6 -
Bribery of foreign public officials (FPOs); Section 7 - Failure of commercial
organisations to prevent bribery.
Question 8
[1064620] Which of the following is not a potential consequence of UK companies
breaking the law under the UK Bribery Act 2010?

A
Permanent exclusion from public procurements
B
Prosecution of directors or senior managers
C
Reputational damage
D
Increased access to tender processes for public contracts
You answered : D - Increased access to tender processes for public contracts
The correct answer is: D - Increased access to tender processes for public
contracts
Explanation
As well as the possibility of prosecution of directors and senior managers of the firm,
and concomitant reputational damage, under the EU Public Sector Procurement
Directive, a corporate conviction for bribery could result in permanent exclusion from
public procurements across the EU.
Question 9
[1064609] Which of the following is not one of the 'Six Principles' of the UK Bribery
Act 2010?

A
Proportionate procedures
B
Monitoring and review
C
Risk assessment
D
Staff commitment
You answered : D - Staff commitment
The correct answer is: D - Staff commitment
Explanation
The Guidance on the Bribery Act sets out six Principles on which anti-bribery
procedures put in place by commercial organisations should be based: - Principle 1 -
Proportionate procedures - Principle 2 - Top-level commitment - Principle 3 - Risk
assessment - Principle 4 - Due diligence - Principle 5 - Communication (including
training) - Principle 6 - Monitoring and review
Question 10
[1064619] Which of the following is not a defence whereby directors or senior
officers of a firm are personally liable, under Section 14 of the UK Bribery Act 2010,
for actions of the firm?

A
Consent or connivance
B
Failure to implement adequate procedures
C
Passive acquiescence
D
Guiding mind
You answered : B - Failure to implement adequate procedures
 The correct answer is: C - Passive acquiescence
Explanation
Passive acquiescence - whether knowing but doing nothing about the conduct of an
associated person or knowing that an offence may occur but doing nothing to
prevent its occurrence - is no defence, as it may be interpreted as possible consent
or connivance and is likely to be seen as having awareness of circumstances and
activities relating to the substantive bribery offences. In such circumstances directors
or senior officers could be liable to charges.
Question 11
[1064625] Which of the following statements is not a valid difference between the
UK Bribery Act 2010 ('BA10') and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 1977 (FCPA)?

A
The BA provides sanctions against companies that fail to prevent bribery; the FCPA
does not
B
Facilitation payments are allowable under the BA, but not the FCPA
C
The FCPA requires listing on a US stock exchange to bring a company into its
scope; the BA does not require equivalent listing on the UK stock exchange
D
The FCPA imposes specific record-keeping and internal controls; the BA does not
You answered : A - The BA provides sanctions against companies that fail to
prevent bribery; the FCPA does not
The correct answer is: B - Facilitation payments are allowable under the BA, but
not the FCPA
Explanation
- The UK Act does not allow facilitation payments - The UK Act provides for
sanctions against commercial organisations for failure to prevent corruption. -
Registration on the US Stock Exchange brings companies within the remit of the
FCPA, but the UK approach focuses on where business is carried out, or
incorporation in the UK, not simply listing on the London Stock Exchange. - There
are no specific record-keeping and internal controls requirements in the UK Act,
although the UK Act's requirements on adequate procedures based on the six
Principles would cover this in part.
Question 12
[1064624] Which of the following statements is a valid difference between the UK
Bribery Act 2010 ('BA10') and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 1977 (FCPA)?

A
The BA covers only overseas jurisdictions; the FCPA covers both domestic and
overseas jurisdictions
B
The BA provides sanctions against companies that fail to prevent bribery; the FCPA
does not
C
Facilitation payments are allowable under the BA, but not the FCPA
D
The BA requires listing on the UK stock exchange to bring a company into its scope;
the FCPA does not require equivalent listing on a US stock exchange
You answered : B - The BA provides sanctions against companies that fail to
prevent bribery; the FCPA does not
The correct answer is: B - The BA provides sanctions against companies that fail
to prevent bribery; the FCPA does not
Explanation
- The FCPA is specifically focused on overseas bribery; the UK Act covers both
domestic and overseas jurisdictions. - The UK Act does not allow facilitation
payments - The UK Act provides for sanctions against commercial organisations for
failure to prevent corruption. - Registration on the US Stock Exchange brings
companies within the remit of the FCPA, but the UK approach focuses on where
business is carried out, or incorporation in the UK, not simply listing on the London
Stock Exchange.
Question 13
[1064623] Which of the following statements is false of the US Foreign and Corrupt
Practices Act ('the Act')?

A
There is no lower limit to the value of payments covered by the Act
B
The recipient should be a foreign official, a political party or party official, or a
candidate for political office
C
Facilitation payments are eligible if for routine government action
D
The Act is focused upon bribery taking place within the US
You answered : D - The Act is focused upon bribery taking place within the US
The correct answer is: D - The Act is focused upon bribery taking place within the
US
Explanation
The FCPA is specifically focused on overseas bribery. Payments mean anything of
value (for which there is no lower limit). The recipient should be a foreign official, a
political party or party official, or a candidate for political office. Facilitation payments
are eligible if for routine government action; these include: obtaining permits,
licences, or other official documents; processing governmental papers, such as visas
and work orders; providing police protection, mail pick-up and delivery; providing
phone service, power and water supply, loading and unloading cargo, or protecting
perishable products; and scheduling inspections associated with contract
performance or transit of goods across country.
Question 14
[1064626] Which of the following statements is not a valid difference between the
UK Bribery Act 2010 ('BA') and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 1977 (FCPA)?

A
The FCPA imposes specific record-keeping and internal controls; the BA does not
B
The FCPA allows facilitation payments; the BA does not.
C
The BA imposes specific record-keeping and internal controls; the FCPA does not
D
The FCPA covers only overseas jurisdictions; the BA covers both domestic and
overseas jurisdictions
You answered : C - The BA imposes specific record-keeping and internal
controls; the FCPA does not
The correct answer is: C - The BA imposes specific record-keeping and internal
controls; the FCPA does not
Explanation
- The FCPA is specifically focused on overseas bribery; the UK Act covers both
domestic and overseas jurisdictions; - The UK Act does not allow facilitation
payments; - The UK Act provides for sanctions against commercial organisations for
failure to prevent corruption; - Registration on the US Stock Exchange brings
companies within the remit of the FCPA, but the UK approach focuses on where
business is carried out, or incorporation in the UK, not simply listing on the London
Stock Exchange; - There are no specific record-keeping and internal controls
requirements in the UK Act, although the UK Act's requirements on adequate
procedures based on the six Principles would cover this in part.
Question 15
[1064622] To which of the following groups does the Foreign and Corrupt Practices
Act apply?

I
US nationals
II
UK nationals resident in the US
III
Foreign companies listed on the US stock exchange
IV
US companies listed on foreign stock exchanges
A
I and IV only
B
II and III only
C
III and IV only
D
All of I, II, III and IV
You answered : D - All of I, II, III and IV
The correct answer is: D - All of I, II, III and IV
Explanation
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) is a piece of US legislation that applies to
US national citizens, or anyone acting in a way that could be an offence under the
Act while resident in the US, and to any company listed on a US Stock Exchange,
who or which bribes a foreign official for the purpose of obtaining or retaining
business for or with, or directing business to, any person.
Question 16
[1064602] Which of the following is false of an offence of 'bribing a foreign public
official' under Section 6 of the UK's Bribery Act 2010 ('the Act')?

A
The offence concerns an intention to influence so that the payer intends to obtain or
retain business, or an advantage in the conduct of business
B
The Act does not take local laws into account
C
'Total custom and practice' is considered when deciding if an offence has been
committed
D
The bribe could be made directly, or through another person at the foreign public
official's request
You answered : B - The Act does not take local laws into account
The correct answer is: B - The Act does not take local laws into account
Explanation
Under the Bribery Act 2010, it is an Section 6 of the Bribery Act 2010introduces a
standalone offence of bribing a Foreign Public Official (FPO). The offence concerns
an intention to influence so that the payer intends to obtain or retain business, or an
advantage in the conduct of business. The bribe could be made directly, or through
another person at the FPO's request or with the FPO's assent or acquiescence or
through a third party. However, the offence is not committed where the official is
permitted or required by the applicable written law to be influenced by the
advantage, however the Act specifically excludes total custom and practice unless it
is permitted or required by that country's written law.
Question 17
[1064611] Which of the following is one of the 'Six Principles' of the UK Bribery Act
2010?

A
Investigative efforts
B
Robust procedures
C
Due diligence
D
Regulatory commitment
You answered : C - Due diligence
The correct answer is: C - Due diligence
Explanation
The Guidance on the Bribery Act sets out six Principles on which anti-bribery
procedures put in place by commercial organisations should be based: - Principle 1 -
Proportionate procedures - Principle 2 - Top-level commitment - Principle 3 - Risk
assessment - Principle 4 - Due diligence - Principle 5 - Communication (including
training) - Principle 6 - Monitoring and review
Question 18
[1064597] What type of offences are criminalised under section 7 of the UK's Bribery
Act 2010 ('the Act')?

A
Offences relating to offering bribes
B
Offences relating to bribery of foreign public officials
C
Failure of commercial organisations to prevent bribery
D
Offences relating to receiving bribes
You answered : C - Failure of commercial organisations to prevent bribery
The correct answer is: C - Failure of commercial organisations to prevent bribery
Explanation
Under the Bribery Act 2010, the main offences by section are: Section 1 - Offences
of bribing another person. Section 2 - Offences relating to being bribed. Section 6 -
Bribery of foreign public officials (FPOs). Section 7 - Failure of commercial
organisations to prevent bribery.
Competency Test (Random Difficulty Questions) - 72%
Question 1
[1064559] What is not explicitly required by the accused of an offence to qualify as
'embezzlement' under the UK's Fraud Act 2006?

A
Dishonest abuse of the relevant position
B
The accused occupying a public sector role
C
Intention to make a gain or to expose another person to risk of loss
D
The accused occupying a position of trust
You answered : B - The accused occupying a public sector role
The correct answer is: B - The accused occupying a public sector role
Explanation
Section 4 of the Fraud Act 2006 states: A person breaches this section if he: A.
occupies a position in which he is expected to safeguard, or not to act against, the
financial interests of another person, and; B. dishonestly abuses that position, and;
C. intends, as a result, to make a gain for himself or another, or causes loss to
another/exposes another to risk of loss.
Question 2
[1064548] According to the Transparency International (TI) definition of corruption,
which of the following is true?

A
'According to rule corruption' is where the person receiving the bribe will perform a
service they are otherwise prohibited from performing
B
The TI definition of corruption only applies to passive bribery
C
'According to rule corruption' includes where a bribe is paid for a service that the
receiver would otherwise carry out more slowly
D
Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for public gain
You answered : D - Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for public gain
The correct answer is: C - 'According to rule corruption' includes where a bribe is
paid for a service that the receiver would otherwise carry out more slowly
Explanation
Transparency International defines 'corruption' as the abuse of entrusted power for
private gain. TI further differentiates between 'according to rule' corruption and
'against the rule' corruption. Facilitation payments, where a bribe is paid to receive
preferential treatment for something that the bribe receiver is required to do by law,
constitute the former. The latter, on the other hand, is a bribe paid to obtain services
the bribe receiver is prohibited from providing.
Question 3
[1064589] Which of the following activities is not commonly regarded as a type of
corrupt activity?

A
Operating a boiler room
B
Illicit enrichment
C
Offering bribes to foreign public officials
D
Embezzlement of company assets
You answered : A - Operating a boiler room
The correct answer is: A - Operating a boiler room
Explanation
Bribery, embezzlement and illicit enrichment are commonly regarded as types of
corrupt activity. Operating a boiler room is fraudulent and illegal, but not corrupt, as it
does not involve putting private interests above official duties and responsibilities.
Question 4
[1064566] Which of the following statements is false regarding the OECD's Anti-
Bribery Convention ('the Convention')?

A
It is focused solely on the supply side of the bribery transaction
B
The Convention includes all facilitation payments, even small ones
C
The Convention includes requirements for a range of sanctions
D
It prohibits off-the-book accounts
You answered : B - The Convention includes all facilitation payments, even small
ones
The correct answer is: B - The Convention includes all facilitation payments,
even small ones
Explanation
The Convention does not include small facilitation payments - which could be
considered a weakness in the Convention. The other three statements are true.
Question 5
[1064552] Conflicts of interest can be wrapped up in corrupt practices. Which of the
following is false of the definition of a conflict of interest?

A
Conflicts of interest are an offence in themselves
B
Professional relationships can give rise to conflicts of interest
C
Hospitality and gifts can give rise to conflicts of interest
D
Conflicts of interest can arise from religious affiliations
You answered : A - Conflicts of interest are an offence in themselves
The correct answer is: A - Conflicts of interest are an offence in themselves
Explanation
A conflict of interest is a situation that occurs where a person's private interests -
such as professional relationships, family, religious or ethnic influences, or personal
financial assets - influence, or could influence, or could be thought to have
influenced their professional or official or contractual functions and responsibilities.
Personal conflicts of interest also arise in terms of fixed or short-term benefits, such
as the provision of gifts and hospitality.
Question 6
[1064584] Which of the following is one of the key limitations of anti-corruption
toolkits?

A
Toolkits pull together practical approaches and case studies as a resource for
countries and practitioners to use
B
Many toolkits are not conversant in organisational design and development
C
Toolkits provide procedural options for anti-corruption work
D
Toolkits define issues and intended outcomes of reforms
You answered : B - Many toolkits are not conversant in organisational design and
development
The correct answer is: B - Many toolkits are not conversant in organisational
design and development
Explanation
Although there are some exceptions, many toolkits are not conversant in
organisational design and development. Thus one major absence is information on
the building blocks of effective organisations including establishing conditions of
service, HR and finance departments, standing orders, budget procedures, operating
procedures, and financial control systems.
Question 7
[1064568] The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) contains
various provisions against corruption. Which of the following is a category of
provision?

A
Mutual legal assistance
B
Mutual evaluations
C
Detective measures
D
Technical assistance and information exchange
You answered : A - Mutual legal assistance
The correct answer is: D - Technical assistance and information exchange
Explanation
The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) contains five sets of
provisions: Preventative measures Criminalisation and law enforcement measures
Measures dealing with international cooperation Asset recovery Technical
assistance and information exchange
Question 8
[1064582] What is the name of one of the company training tools produced by the
World Economic Forum Partnering Against Corruption Initiative (PACI)?

A
EXCEPT
B
PROVIDE
C
ENGAGE
D
RESIST
You answered : A - EXCEPT
The correct answer is: D - RESIST
Explanation
The PACI has produced RESIST (Resisting Extortions and Solicitations in
International Transactions), a company training tool with scenarios on extortion and
solicitation.
Question 9
[1067788] Which of the following is not a main weakness of toolkits?

A
They are strong on principle weak on process
B
They lack information on the building blocks of effective organisations
C
They are often not country specific
D
They provide lesson from a range of practitioners
You answered : D - They provide lesson from a range of practitioners
The correct answer is: D - They provide lesson from a range of practitioners
Explanation
Providing lessons from a range of practitioners is a strength of the toolkits.
Question 10
[1064555] FATF's Recommendation 37 requires countries to offer mutual legal
assistance (MLA). Which of the following statements is true regarding such MLA?

A
MLA should be given regardless of considerations of dual criminality, if the
assistance involves coercive actions
B
Dual criminality requires the relevant offence to be in the same category of offence in
both countries in order for MLA to be offered
C
Either MLA, or dual criminality, is required for countries, but the choice of which is
optional
D
Providing both countries criminalise the offence, it is not necessary for strict dual
criminality for MLA to be offered
You answered : D - Providing both countries criminalise the offence, it is not
necessary for strict dual criminality for MLA to be offered
The correct answer is: D - Providing both countries criminalise the offence, it is
not necessary for strict dual criminality for MLA to be offered
Explanation
FATF's Recommendation 37 on Mutual Legal Assistance states: Countries should
render mutual legal assistance, notwithstanding the absence of dual criminality, if the
assistance does not involve coercive actions. Countries should consider adopting
such measures as may be necessary to enable them to provide a wide scope of
assistance in the absence of dual criminality. Where dual criminality is required for
mutual legal assistance, that requirement should be deemed to be satisfied
regardless of whether both countries place the offence within the same category of
offence, or denominate the offence by the same terminology, provided that both
countries criminalise the conduct underlying the offence.
Question 11
[1067786] Which of the following could be seen as a weakness of the Corruption
Perception Index (CPI)?

A
It achieves extensive media coverage
B
The ranking give no guidance on policies
C
It is based on external and international surveys
D
Governments tend to react to low ranking
You answered : B - The ranking give no guidance on policies
The correct answer is: B - The ranking give no guidance on policies
Explanation
Although the CPI gives government no real guidance on where they should be
focusing their attention when adapting policy to control corruption, it can be seen to
create an incentive to improve by those ranked at the lower end of the spectrum.
Question 12
[1064581] Which of the following statements regarding the anti-corruption work of
the UN Development Programme (UNDP) are false?

A
The UNDP provides toolkits to help individual countries fight corruption
B
The UNDP works out of a single office at UN headquarters in New York City
C
Quality technical anti-corruption assistance is provided by UNDC
D
The self-assessment process of the UNCAC is assisted by UNDC guidance notes
You answered : A - The UNDP provides toolkits to help individual countries fight
corruption
The correct answer is: B - The UNDP works out of a single office at UN
headquarters in New York City
Explanation
The UNDP works out of individual country offices in countries around the world.
Question 13
[1064565] Which of the following statements is false regarding the OECD's Anti-
Bribery Convention ('the Convention')?

A
It is focused solely on the demand side of the bribery transaction
B
The Convention imposes legally-binding commitments to criminalise bribery of
foreign public officials
C
The Convention is enforced via a procedure of self- and mutual-evaluation
D
It includes a stipulation that bribes should be non-tax deductible
You answered : A - It is focused solely on the demand side of the bribery
transaction
The correct answer is: A - It is focused solely on the demand side of the bribery
transaction
Explanation
The Convention is focused solely on the supply side of the bribery transaction. The
other three statements are true.
Question 14
[1064553] Which of the following types of conflict of interest is seen as influencing
the holder, in certain circumstances?

A
Actual
B
Potential
C
Prejudicial
D
Acceptable
You answered : C - Prejudicial
The correct answer is: B - Potential
Explanation
Acceptable conflicts of interest exist, and are seen as normal. Actual conflicts of
interest influence the holder. Apparent conflicts of interest are those that others
might reasonably think are influencing the holder. Potential conflicts of interest may
influence the holder, in certain circumstances. Future potential conflicts of interest
are those that could be acquired in the future, which in certain circumstances could
influence current conduct. Prejudicial conflicts of interest are so significant that their
existence is certain to influence the holder.
Question 15
[1064574] The World Bank Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) are
intended to help some of the world's poorest countries with development and anti-
corruption. Which of the following is not one of the four dimensions of PRSPs?

A
Empowering the poor
B
Improving the coverage, efficiency and sustainability of basic services
C
Reducing access to markets
D
Providing security from economic shocks
You answered : C - Reducing access to markets
The correct answer is: C - Reducing access to markets
Explanation
The third dimension is increasing access to markets, not reducing access to
markets.
Question 16
[1067787] The development agenda pursued by the World Bank has a:

A
Strong pro-poor bias
B
Strong pro-rich bias
C
Strong anti-poor bias
D
Strong anti-rich bias
You answered : A - Strong pro-poor bias
The correct answer is: A - Strong pro-poor bias
Explanation
The development agenda pursued by the World Bank and other multilateral and
bilateral donor organisations has a strong pro-poor bias.
Question 17
[1064990] You are advising a corporate client about the risks posed to companies by
fraud. Why is fraud commonly a greater problem for smaller companies than for
larger companies?

A
Smaller companies are exempted from police protection against fraud
B
Smaller companies typically have fewer anti-fraud measures than larger firms
C
Employees of smaller companies tend to be less honest
D
Larger companies are more prestigious than smaller companies
You answered : B - Smaller companies typically have fewer anti-fraud measures
than larger firms
The correct answer is: B - Smaller companies typically have fewer anti-fraud
measures than larger firms
Explanation
According to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners in their 2012 'Report to
the Nations', occupational fraud is a significant threat to small businesses, which
typically have fewer anti-fraud measures than larger firms, increasing their
vulnerability to fraud.
Question 18
[1064570] What is the purpose of GRECO?

A
To help the Greek government decide how to implement austerity cuts
B
It addresses corruption at the Europe-wide level, on behalf of the Council of Europe
C
GRECO is the monitoring branch of UNODC
D
GRECO is the association of securities exchange supervisors
You answered : B - It addresses corruption at the Europe-wide level, on behalf of
the Council of Europe
The correct answer is: B - It addresses corruption at the Europe-wide level, on
behalf of the Council of Europe
Explanation
In 1994 the Ministers of Justice of Council of Europe Member States agreed that
corruption should be addressed at European level, recommending a multi-
disciplinary group on corruption (Groupe Multidiciplianire sur la Corruption GMC)
be set up. GMC evolved into GRECO. GRECO's role, using a small secretariat and
member country evaluators, is to undertake mutual evaluation of countries' progress
in addressing corruption in terms of laws, institutions and procedures.