APPENDIX A

APPENDIX A
NERACA MASSA
Kapasitas Produksi = 4500 ton/tahun
Waktu Operasi = 1 tahun = 330 hari
= 1 hari = 24 jam

Kapasitas Jagung = 4500 ton/tahun

= 13.6364 ton/hari
= 0.5682 ton/jam
= 568.1818 kg/jam

Komponen jagung % Berat Berat kg/jam

H2O 11 62.5000
Protein 9 51.1364
Lemak 4 22.7273
Pati 73 414.7727
Abu 1 5.6818
Serat 2 11.3636
Total 100 568.1818

1. HAMMER MILL

Jagung 1 Jagung
Hammer Mill
568.1818 kg/jam 568.1818 kg/jam

komposisi bahan baku dari gudang menuju hummer mill(alur 1)

F1 H2O = 11 % x 568.2 = 62.5 kg/jam
F1 PROTEIN = 9% x 568.2 = 51.13636364 kg/jam
F1 Lemak = 4% x 568.2 = 22.72727273 kg/jam
F1 Pati = 73 % x 568.2 = 414.7727273 kg/jam
F1 Abu = 1% x 568.2 = 5.681818182 kg/jam
F1 Serat = 2% x 568.2 = 11.36363636 kg/jam
total = 568.1818 kg/jam
 APPENDIX A

2. Tangki Pelarut

H2O 1 H2O
Protein 3 Protein
Tangki Pelarut
Lemak 2 Lemak
Pati H2O Pati
Abu Abu
Serat Serat
basis air yang digunakan (35-40% wt)= 40% wt (Kirk-Othmer) = 0.4 v
Neraca massa pada tangki pelarut (alur 2)
Air F2 Air = 0.4 x F1 = 0.4 x 568.18 = 227.2727 kg/jam
Total neraca massa pada tangki pelarut(alur 3)
F1 H2O = 62.5 kg/jam F3 H2O = F1 H2O + F2 H2O = 289.773
F1 PROTEIN = 51.1364 kg/jam kg/jam
F1 Lemak = 22.7273 kg/jam F3 PROTEIN= 51.13636 kg/jam
F1 Pati = 414.773 kg/jam F3 Lemak = 22.72727 kg/jam
F1 Abu = 5.68182 kg/jam F3 Pati = 414.7727 kg/jam
F1 Serat = 11.3636 kg/jam F3 Abu = 5.681818 kg/jam
F2 H2O = 227.273 kg/jam F3 Serat = 11.36364 kg/jam
F3 = 505.6818 kg/jam
3. Reaktor Hidrolisis
HCl
H2O 4 H2O
Protein 6 Protein
3. Reaktor Hidrolisis
Lemak 5 Lemak
Pati H2O Pati
Abu HCl Abu
Serat Serat
Glukosa
Neraca massa pada reaktor hidrolisis (alur 6)
Protein F6 PROTEIN = F4 PROTEIN = 51.136 kg/jam
Lemak F6 Lemak = F4 Lemak = 22.727 kg/jam
Abu F6 Abu = F4 Abu = 5.6818 kg/jam
Serat F6 Serat = F4 Serat = 11.364 kg/jam
 APPENDIX A

H2O F6 H2O = F4 H2O = 289.77 kg/jam

Neraca massa pada reaktor hidrolisis (alur 5)

Basis :
Penambahan HCl pada reaktor (0,015-0,02 N) adalah 0,02N (Kirk-Othmer)
%HCl = 37 % = 0.37 BM HCl = 36.5 m. Jenis = 1.19 (wikipedia)
N= massa jenis HCl x 1000 x %
BM
N= 1,19 x 1000 x 0,37 = 12.0630 N
36.5
N1xV1 = N2xV2
12,9 x V1 = 0,02 x 505,68
V1= 0.8384 kg/jam
maka volume HCl yang dibutuhkan untuk hidrolisis glukosa adalah 0.8384 kg/jam

C6H10O5 + H2O C6H12O6 X= 98% = 0.98

BM pati = 162
mol pati = F4pat = 2.5603 kmol/jam
BM
jadi : r = X x mol pati =0,98 x 2.5603 = 2.5091 kmol/jam
-(-1)
N pat =
6
N pat - r =
4
0.0512 kmol/jam

pat: F6glukosa = 0,0512 kmol/jam x 162 kg/mol = 8.2955 kg/jam

glukosa : N glukosa =
6
0+r= 2.5091 kmol/jam
F6glukosa = r x BM = 2,5091 x 180 = 451.6414 kg/jam

mol H2O = F4H2O = 289.8 = 16.0985 kmol/jam

18 18
H2O : N6H2O = N4H2O - r = 13.5894 kmol/jam
F6H2O = 13,5894 x 18 = 244.6086 kg/jam
 APPENDIX A

4. Reaktor Penetral

HCl Na2CO3 CO2

H2O 8 H2O
Protein 7 9 Protein
Reaktor Penetral
Lemak Lemak
Pati Pati
Abu Abu
Serat Serat
Glukosa Glukosa
NaCl

Reaksi yang terjadi di dalam reaktor penetral

Na2CO3 + 2HCl CO2 + H2O + 2NaCl

X HCl = 0.37 (wikipedia)

N HCl= 0.8384 kg/jam = 0.0230 mol/jam
36.5 kg/mol
r1= 0,37 x 0,0230 = 0.0085 kmol

mis : F8 Na2CO3 mula-mula = y1 x Mr Na2CO3= B8Na2CO3 / X HCl x Mr Na2CO3

Na2CO3 + 2HCl CO2 + H2O + 2NaCl

M y1 0.0230
B 0.0085 0.0170 0.0085 0.0085 0.0170
S y1-0,0085 0.0060 0.0085 0.0085 0.0170

F8 Na2CO3= F9 Na2CO3=[(B8Na2CO3/ X HCl)]* Mr Na2CO3

= 2.4348 kg/jam
Masuk Keluar
F8 Na2CO3 = 2.4348 kg/jam F9 CO2 = 0.37395
F7 HCl = 0.8384 kg/jam F9 H2O = 244.762
 APPENDIX A

F7 H2O = 244.609 kg/jam F9 Protein = 51.1364

F7 Protein = 51.1364 kg/jam F9 Lemak = 22.7273
F7 Lemak = 22.7273 kg/jam F9 Pati = 5.6818
F7 Pati = 5.68182 kg/jam F9 Abu = 11.3636
F7 Abu = 11.3636 kg/jam F9 Serat = 289.773
F7 Serat = 289.773 kg/jam F9 Glukosa = 451.641
F7 Glukosa = 451.641 kg/jam F9 NaCl = 1.0114
5. Rotary Filter

F10 CO2 F12 CO2

F10 H2O 10 12 F12 H2O
Rotary Filter
F10 Protein F12 Protein
F10 Lemak 11 F12 Lemak
F10 Pati F12 Pati
F10 Abu F12 Serat
F10 Serat Abu F12 Glukosa
F10 Glukosa F12 NaCl
F10 NaCl

Masuk Keluar
F10 CO2 = 0.3739 kg/jam F12 CO2 = 0.3739 kg/jam
F10 H2O = 244.7616 kg/jam F12 H2O = 244.7616 kg/jam
F10 Protei = 51.1364 kg/jam F12 Protein = 51.1364 kg/jam
F10 Lemak= 22.7273 kg/jam F12 Lemak = 22.7273 kg/jam
F10 Pati = 5.6818 kg/jam F12 Pati = 5.6818 kg/jam
F10 Abu = 11.3636 kg/jam F12 Serat = 289.7727 kg/jam
F10 Serat = 289.7727 kg/jam F12 Glukosa= 451.6414 kg/jam
F10 Glukos= 451.6414 kg/jam F12 NaCl = 1.0114 kg/jam
F10 NaCl = 1.0114 kg/jam F11 Abu = 11.3636 kg/jam

6. Germ Separator

F13 CO2 F15 CO2

F13 H2O F15 H2O
F13 Protei 13 F15 Protein
Germ Separator
F13 Lemak F15 Lemak
F13 Pati F14 Pati
### 14 F15 Pati
F13 Serat F14 Lemak F15 Serat
 APPENDIX A

F13 Glukosa F15 Glukosa

F13 NaCl F15 NaCl

asumsi effiesiensi germ separator = 99% = 0.99

Neraca massa total : F13= F14+F15
Neraca massa pada alur 14 :
Pati : F14 Pati= 0,99 x F13Pati = 5.6250 kg/jam
Lemak : F14Lemak= 0,99 x F13Lemak = 22.5 kg/jam

neraca massa pada alur 15

F15 CO2 = F13 CO2 = 0.3739
F15 H2O = F13 H2O = 244.7616
F15 Protein = F13 Protein = 51.1364
F15 Lemak = F13-F14 Lemak = 0.2273
F15 Pati = F13-F14 Pati = 0.0568
F15 Serat = F13 Serat = 289.7727
F15 Glukosa = F13 Glukosa = 451.6414
F15 NaCl = F13 NaCl = 1.0114
Masuk Keluar
F13 CO2 = 0.3739 kg/ja F14 Pati = 5.6250 kg/jam
F13 H2O = 244.762 kg/ja F14 Lemak = 22.5 kg/jam
F13 Protein = 51.1364 kg/ja F15 CO2 = 0.3739 kg/jam
F13 Lemak = 22.7273 kg/ja F15 H2O = 244.7616 kg/jam
F13 Pati = 5.6818 kg/ja F15 Protein = 51.1364 kg/jam
F13 Serat = 289.773 kg/ja F15 Lemak = 0.2273 kg/jam
F13 Glukosa = 451.641 kg/ja F15 Pati = 0.0568 kg/jam
F13 NaCl = 1.0114 kg/ja F15 Serat = 289.7727 kg/jam
total= 1067.1065 kg/ja F15 Glukosa= 451.6414 kg/jam
F15 NaCl = 1.0114 kg/jam
total= 1067.1065 kg/jam

7. Filter Press

F16 CO2 F18 CO2

F16 H2O 16 18 F18 H2O
Filter Press
F16 Protein F18 Protein
F16 Lemak 17 F18 Lemak
F16 Pati F18 Pati
F16 Serat F17 H2O F18 Serat
 APPENDIX A

F16 Glukosa F17 Protein F18 Glukosa

F16 NaCl F17 Serat F18 NaCl
F17 Glukosa
F17 Pati
Asumsi effisiensi filter press = 99%
Neraca massa total = F16=F17+F18
Neraca massa pada alur 17
Pati : F17 Pati= 0,99 x F16 Pati = 0.0562 kg/jam
Protein : F17 Protein= 0,99 x F16 Protein= 50.625 kg/jam
Serat: F17 Serat=F16 Serat = 289.7727 kg/jam
Glukosa : F17 Glukosa= 0,005 x F16 Glukosa= 2.2582 kg/jam
Air : F17 Air= 0,005 x F16 Air= 1.2238 kg/jam

Neraca massa pada alur 18 :

F18 CO2 : F16 = 0.3739 kg/jam
F18 H2O : F16-F17 = 243.5378 kg/jam
F18 Protei : F16-F17 = 0.5114 kg/jam
F18 Lemak : F16 = 0.2273 kg/jam
F18 Pati : F16-F17 = 0.0006 kg/jam
F18 Glukos : F16-F17 = 449.3832 kg/jam
F18 NaCl : F16 = 1.0114 kg/jam

Masuk Keluar
F16 CO2 = 0.3739 kg/jam F17 H2O 1.2238 kg/jam
F16 H2O = 244.762 kg/jam F17 Protein 50.625 kg/jam
F16 Protein = 51.1364 kg/jam F17 Serat 289.7727 kg/jam
F16 Lemak = 0.2273 kg/jam F17 Glukosa 2.2582 kg/jam
F16 Pati = 0.0568 kg/jam F17 Pati 0.0562 kg/jam
F16 Serat = 289.773 kg/jam F18 CO2 0.3739 kg/jam
F16 Glukosa = 451.641 kg/jam F18 H2O 243.5378 kg/jam
F16 NaCl = 1.0114 kg/jam F18 Protein 0.5114 kg/jam
F18 Lemak 0.2273 kg/jam
F18 Pati 0.0006 kg/jam
F18 Glukosa 449.3832 kg/jam
F18 NaCl 1.0114 kg/jam

total masuk= 1038.9815 total keluar = 1038.9815

 APPENDIX A

8. Kolom adsorpsi

F19 CO2 F20 Karbon Aktif F22 H2O

F19 H2O F22 Protein
F19 Protein F22 Lemak
Kolom Adsorpsi
F19 Lemak F22 Pati
F19 Pati F21 NaCl F22 Glukosa
F19 Glukosa F21 CO2
F19 NaCl F21 Karbon Aktif

Neraca massa yang tertahan di kolom adsorpsi

NaCl : F21 NaCl = 1.0114 kg/jam

Neraca massa pada alur 22

F22 H2O : F22 = F19 = 243.5378 kg/jam
F22 Protein : F22 = F19 = 0.5114 kg/jam
F22 Lemak : F22 = F19 = 0.2273 kg/jam
F22 Pati : F22 = F19 = 0.0006 kg/jam
F22 Glukosa : F22 = F19 = 449.3832 kg/jam

Densitas umpan = 1369.0026 kg/m3

Vcamp umpan = 693.6602 kg/jam = 0.5067 m3/jam

1369.0026 kg/m3

perbandingan volume karbon aktif yang dibutuhkan dan umpan adalah 1:10
maka volume karbon aktif =0,1 x 0.5067 m3/jam = 0.0507 m3/jam
densitas karbon aktif = 1850 kg/m3
laju alir karbon aktif = 0.0507 m3/jam x 1850 kg/m3
F20 = 93.7377 kg/jam
sehingga
Masuk Keluar
F19 CO2 = 0.3739 kg/jam F21 NaCl = 1.0114 kg/jam
F19 H2O = 243.5378 kg/jam F21 CO2 = 0.3739 kg/jam
F19 Protei = 0.5114 kg/jam F21 Karbon a= 93.7377 kg/jam
F19 Lemak= 0.2273 kg/jam F22 H2O = 243.5378 kg/jam
F19 Pati = 0.0006 kg/jam F22 Protein = 0.5114 kg/jam
F19 Glukos= 449.3832 kg/jam F22 Lemak = 0.2273 kg/jam
F19 NaCl = 1.0114 kg/jam F22 Pati = 0.0006 kg/jam
 APPENDIX A

F20 Karbon= 93.7377 kg/jam F22 Glukosa= 449.3832 kg/jam

total = 788.7832 kg/jam total = 788.7832 kg/jam

9. Evaporator

F23 H2O F25 H2O

F23 Protein F25 Protein
F23 Lemak EVAPORATOR F25 Lemak
F23 Pati F25 Pati
F23 Glukosa F25 Glukosa

F24 H2O

Asumsi effisiensi evaporator = 80%

Neraca massa total : F23 = F24 + F25
Neraca massa komponen pada alur 24
F24 H2O = F24 x 80% = 243.5378 kg/jam x 80%
= 194.8302 kg/jam
Neraca massa pada alur 25
F25 H2O = F24-F23 = 243.5378 - 194.8302 = 48.7076
kg/jam
F25 Protein = F23 = 0.5114 kg/jam
F25 Lemak = F23 = 0.2273 kg/jam
F25 Pati = F23 = 0.0006 kg/jam
F25 Glukosa = F23 = 449.3832 kg/jam

Masuk
F23 H2O = 243.5378 kg/jam
F23 Protein = 0.5114 kg/jam
F23 Lemak = 0.2273 kg/jam
F23 Pati = 0.0006 kg/jam
F23 Glukosa = 449.3832 kg/jam
total = 693.6602 kg/jam
Keluar
F24 H2O = 194.8302 kg/jam
F25 H2O = 48.7076 kg/jam
F25 Protein = 0.5114 kg/jam
 APPENDIX A

F25 Lemak = 0.2273 kg/jam

F25 Pati = 0.0006 kg/jam
F25 Glukosa = 449.3832 kg/jam
total = 693.6602 kg/jam
 APPENDIX A

SA
 APPENDIX B
NERACA PANAS

Basis perhitungan = 1 hari operasi

Satuan operasi = kJ/jam
temperatur basis = 25 C

Neraca panas ini menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut :

Perhitungan panas untuk bahan dalam fasa cair/ gas

= (Van Ness,1975)

Data perhitungan untuk Cp air

Cp1 = 18,2964+0,472118 T +(-0,00133878)T2+0,000001314 (Reklaitis,1983)
Cpv = 7,9857+0,00046332 T + 1,402810-6T2+(-6,5784). 10-10 T3 (Reklaitis,1983)
Data perhitungan untuk Cp abu :
Cp= 0,01800+0,000078T (Reklaitis,1983)
Data perhitungan untuk Cp HCl :
Cp1= 17,7227+0,904261 T + (-0,00564496)T2+(1,13383). 10-5 T3 (Reklaitis,1983)
Cpv = 6,969+(-2,236).10-4 T + (7,333).10-7T2+(-1,776). 10--5 T3 (Reklaitis,1983)

Cp
2.5698
 Cp
2.5698

Cp
2.5719

Cp
6.3023

Cp
2.3444

6. Cp
2.5755
 (Indah,2009)

Panas penguapan (Hvl)

H2O = 40656.2 J/mol = 2258.6778 kJ/kg
HCl = 16150.3 J/mol = 442.4658 kJ/kg
1. Tangki perebusan

Steam
T= 150 C
P= 1 atm
Pati Pati
Lemak Lemak
Serat Serat
TANGKI PEREBUSAN
Protein Protein
Abu H2O Abu
H2O T= 28 C H2O
T=28 C P= 1 atm Steam T= 30 C
P= 1 atm T= 100 C P= 1 atm
P= 1 atm

Temperatur basis(C)= 25 = 298 K Dt= 3

Panas masuk =

abu 0,01800+0,000078T
air 18,2964+0,472118 T +(-0,00133878)T2+0,000001314
HCl 17,7227+0,904261 T + (-0,00564496)T2+(1,13383). 10-5 T3

=( 414.77 kg/jam x 7.7094 kJ/kg ) +( 62.5 kg/jam

x 91.398305 kJ/kg ) +( 51.136 kg/jam x
7.7157 kJ/kg ) +( 5.6818 kg/jam x 0.020184 kJ/kg )
+( 22.727 kg/jam x 18.9069 kJ/kg ) +( 11.364
kg/jam x 7.7094 kJ/kg ) +( 227.27 kg/jam x
91.398305 kJ/kg )

= 30594.086 kJ/jam
Panas keluar =

=( 414.77 kg/jam x 31.5115 kJ/kg ) +( 289.773 kg/jam

x 156.2752 kJ/kg ) +( 51.136 kg/jam x
12.8595 kJ/kg ) +( 5.6818 kg/jam x 0.02034 kJ/kg )
+( 22.727 kg/jam x 31.5115 kJ/kg ) +( 11.364
kg/jam x 12.849 kJ/kg ) +( 227.27 kg/jam x
156.2752 kJ/kg )

= 95390.898 kJ/jam

Panas yang dilepas steam (Q) = Q0-Q1 = 64796.812 kJ/jam

Superheated steam pada 1 atm, 150 C H (150 2776.3 Kj/kg (Reklaitis,1983)

Saturated steam pada 1 atm, 100 C Hv (100)= 2676 Kj/kg (Reklaitis,1983)
Hl(100)= 419.064 Kj/kg (Reklaitis,1983)

=[H(1500C)-Hv(1000C)]+ [Hv(1000C)-Hl(1000C)]
= 2357.236 Kj/kg

jumlah steam yang diperlukan (m) = Q/ = 64796.812 kJ/jam

2357.26 kJ/kg
= 27.48819 kg/jam

2. Reaktor Hidrolisa

Steam
T= 150 C HCl
P= 1 atm Glukosa
Pati Pati
Lemak 4 Lemak
Serat 6 Serat
Reaktor Hidrolisa
Protein 5 Protein
Abu HCl Abu
H2O T= 28 C H2O
T=30 C P= 1 atm Steam T= 80 C
P= 1 atm T= 100 C P= 1 atm
P= 1 atm
13383). 10-5 T3