IT6502 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Unit I - SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

Basic elements of DSP concepts of frequency in Analog and Digital Signals sampling
theorem Discrete time signals, systems Analysis of discrete time LTI systems Z
transform Convolution Correlation.
Part A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. What is meant by aliasing? How can it be avoided? BTL 1 Remembering
2. Give the graphical and mathematical representation of CT and DT BTL 2 Understanding
unit impulse, unit step and unit ramp function.

3. Explain low pass sampling theorem BTL 5 Evaluating

4. Classify discrete time signals BTL 2 Understanding

5. Define Nyquist rate. Compute Nyquist rate of the signal x(t) = A BTL 1 Remembering
sin(250t)+B sin(500t)

6. Find the energy and power of x(n) = Aejnu(n). BTL 1 Remembering

7. Compare energy signal and power signals BTL 2 Understanding

8. Examine which of the following sequences is periodic, and BTL 4 Analyzing

compute their fundamental period.
(a) Aej7n (b) sin(3n)

9. Inspect the system y (n) = ln [x (n)] is linear and time invariant? BTL 4 Analyzing
10. Estimate the Z transform of x(n) = 5nu(n) BTL 6 Creating

11. Find the signal energy of (1/2)nu(n) BTL 1 Remembering

12. Experiment whether the following sinusoid is periodic, if BTL 3 Applying

periodic then compute their fundamental period. (a) cos
0.01n (b) sin(62n/10)

13. Experiment whether the system y (n) = ex (n) is linear BTL 3 Applying
14. Classify the discrete time systems BTL 2 Understanding

15. Estimate the Z transform of x(n) = anu(n) BTL 6 Creating

16. Give the properties of convolution BTL 2 Understanding

17. List the properties of Z-Transform BTL 4 Analyzing

18. Write down the Z transform pairs BTL 1 Remembering
19. Find the inverse Z transform of the sequence What is BTL 1 Remembering

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 correlation? What are it types?
Z-5 X(Z)

20. Identify the autocorrelation of the sequence x(n) = {1, 1, -2, -2} BTL 3 Applying

1. (i) Find the convolution of the signals x(n) = BTL 1 Remembering

and h(n) = u(n)

(ii) Find the transfer function and impulse response of the system BTL 1 Remembering

y(n) + y(n 1) = x(n) + x(n 1).

2. (i) Find the inverse Z transform of BTL 1 Remembering

X(Z) = if
(1)ROC: |Z| > 1, (2) ROC: |Z| < 0.5, (3) ROC: 0.5 < |Z| <1
(ii) Outline the expressions to relate Z transfer and DFT BTL 2 Understanding

3. (i)Determine the transfer function, and impulse response of the BTL 5 Evaluating
system

y(n) y(n 1) + y(n 2) = x(n) + x(n 1)

(ii) Solve the convolution sum of
BTL 3 Applying

And h(n) = (n) (n 1) + (n 2) (n 3)

4. (i) Find the Z transform of (8) BTL 4 Analyzing

n
1. x(n) = 2 u(n 2)
2. x(n) = n2u(n)
(ii) Explain the scaling and time delay properties of Z BTL 4 Analyzing
transform.(8)

5. (i) Suppose a LTI system with input x(n ) and output y(n ) is BTL 5 Evaluating
characterized by its unit sample response h(n ) = (0.8)nu(n ).
Find the response y(n ) of such a system to the input signa
lx(n ) = u(n ).

(ii) A causal system is represented by the following difference BTL 6 Creating

Equation

Compute the system function H (z )and find the unit sample

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 response of the system in analytical form.

6. (i) Compute the normalized autocorrelation of the signal BTL 3 Applying

n
x(n ) = a u(n ),0 < a <1

(ii) Determine the impulse response for the cascade of two LTI BTL 5 Evaluating
system having impulse responses
,

7. 1. (i) Find the inverse Z-Transform of BTL 3 Applying

using
a. Residue method and
b. Convolution method.

(ii) State and prove circular convolution. BTL 4 Analyzing

8. (i) Prove sampling theorem with suitable expressins. BTL 5 Evaluating

(ii) Find the Z-transform of the following sequences:

n
x(n) = (0.5) u(n) + u(n 1)
x(n) = (n 5) .

9. LTI system is described by the difference equation yn a yn1b x n

. Find the impulse response, magnitude function and phase BTL 3 Applying
function. Solve b, if Sketch the magnitude and phase
response for =0.6

10. 1. Determine the causual signal x(n)for the following Z- BTL 5 Evaluating
transform

(i) X(z) = (z2+z) / ((z-0.5)3(z-0.25))

(ii) X(z) = (1+z-1) / (1-z-1+0.5z-2)

UNIT II FREQUENCY TRANSFORMATIONS

Introduction to DFT Properties of DFT Circular Convolution - Filtering methods based
on DFT FFT Algorithms - Decimation in time Algorithms, Decimation in
frequency Algorithms Use of FFT in Linear Filtering DCT Use and Application of
DCT
PART A

Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. Contrast DFT from DTFT BTL 2 Understanding

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2. Find DFT of the sequence x(n) = {1, 1, -2, -2} BTL 1 Remembering

3. Calculate the computational saving (both complex multiplication BTL 3 Applying

and complex addition) in using N point FFT algorithm

4. Define phase factor or twiddle factor? BTL 1 Remembering

5. Compare DIT FFT algorithm with DIF FFT algorithm BTL 2 Understanding

6. Give DFT pair of equation BTL 2 Understanding

7. List any four properties of DFT BTL 1 Remembering

8. llustrate the basic butterfly structure of DIT and DIF FFT BTL 2 Understanding

9. Evaluate DFT of x(n) = {1, -1, 1, -1} BTL Evaluating

10. Estimate % saving in computing through radix 2, DFT BTL 6 Creating
algorithm of DFT coefficients. Assume N = 512.
11. Calculate the value of WNK when N = 8 and K = 2 and also k = 3 BTL 3 Applying

12. Explain and prove Parseval's theorem BTL 5 Evaluating

13. Calculate the DFT of the four point sequence x(n ) = {0,1,2,3}. BTL 3 Applying

14. Explain the relation between DFT and Z-Transform? BTL 2 Understanding

15. List the uses of FFT in linear filtering? BTL 4 Analyzing

16. Find the DTFT of x(n)= -bn.u(-n-1). BTL 1 Remembering

17. Determine the IDFT of Y(k)={1,0,1,0}. BTL 5 Evaluating

18. Find DFT of sequence x(n) = {1, 1, -2, -2} BTL 1 Remembering
19. What is meant by radix 4 FFT? BTL 1 Remembering
20. Discuss transform pair equation of DCT? BTL 1 Remembering

PART B

1. (i) Discuss the properties of DFT. BTL 2 Understandin

g
(ii) State and prove the circular convolution property of DFT. BTL 5
Evaluating
2. (i) Solve DFT of following sequence BTL 3 Applying
(1) x(n) = {1, 0, -1, 0}
(2) x(n) = {j, 0, j, 1}
(ii) Make use of DFT and IDFT method, perform circular BTL 2 Understandin
convolution of the sequence x(n) = {1, 2, 2, 1} and h(n) = {1, 2, 3} g

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 3. Find DFT of the sequence x(n) = { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0} using radix BTL 1 Remembering
-2 DIF FFT algorithm
4. Solve the eight point DFT of the given sequence x(n) = { , , , BTL 3 Applying
, 0, 0, 0, 0} using radix 2 DIT - DFT algorithm
5. (i) Explain, how linear convolution of two finite sequences are BTL 5 Evaluating
obtained via DFT.

(ii) Compute 8 point DFT of the following sequenceusing radix 2 BTL 5 Evaluating
DIT FFT algorithm x(n) = {1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1}

6. Illustrate the flow chart for N = 8 using radix-2, DIF algorithm for BTL 2 Understandin
finding DFT coefficients g
7. By means of the DFT and IDFT, determine the response at the FIR BTL 5 Evaluating
filter with the impulse response h(n ) = [1,2,3] and the input
sequencex(n ) = [1,2,2,1].

8. (i) Evaluate the 8-point for the following sequences using DIT-FFT
algorithm
BTL Evaluating

(ii) Calculate the percentage of saving in calculations in a 1024-

BTL 3 Applying
point radix -2 FFT, when compared to direct DFT
9. Determine the response of LTI system when the input sequence x BTL Evaluating
(n ) = {1, 1, 2, 1, 1 } by radix 2 DIT FFT. The impulse response
of the system is h(n) = {1, 1, 1, 1}.

10. (i)Find 8-point DFT for the following sequence using direct method BTL 1 Remembering
{1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0}

(ii)List out the properties of DFT. BTL 4 Analyzing

UNIT III IIR FILTER DESIGN

Structures of IIR Analog filter design Discrete time IIR filter from analog filter IIR
filter design by Impulse Invariance, Bilinear transformation, Approximation of derivatives
(LPF, HPF, BPF, BRF) filter design using frequency translation
PART A

Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. Outline the limitations of Impulse invariant method of designing BTL 2 Understandin

digitalfilters? g

2. Illustrate the ideal gain Vs frequency characteristics of: HPF and BTL 2 Understandin
g
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 BPF
3. What is meant by warping? BTL 1 Remembering

4. Give the limitations of impulse invariance method? BTL 2 Understandin

g
5. Show the various tolerance limits to approximate an ideal low pass BTL 3 Applying
and high pass filter
6. Explain the importance of poles in filter design? BTL 4 Analyzing

7. Compare bilinear and impulse invariant transformation BTL 2 Understandin

g
8. What is aliasing? BTL 1 Remembering

9. Define Bilinear transformation with expressions. BTL 1 Remembering

10. List the properties of Butterworth filter BTL 4 Analyzing

11. What are the characteristics of Chebyshev filter? BTL 1 Remembering

12. Formulate the transformation equation to convert low pass BTL 6 Creating
filter into band stop filter

13. Define Phase Delay and Group Delay BTL 1 Remembering

14. Why IIR filters do not have linear phase? BTL 1 Remembering

15. Use the backward difference for the derivative and convert the BTL 3 Applying
analog filter to digital filter given H(s)=1/(s2 +16)

16. Formulate the relationship between the analog and digital BTL 6 Creating
frequencies when converting an analog filter using bilinear
transformation

17. Explain the advantage and drawback of bilinear transformation BTL 5 Evaluating

18. Compare the Butterworth and Chebyshev Type-1 filters BTL 3 Applying

19. Explain the drawbacks of impulse invariant mapping? BTL 5 Evaluating

20. Compare digital filter vs analog filter BTL 4 Analyzing

PART B

1. Design digital low pass filter using Bilinear transformation, BTL 6 Creating
Given that

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 Assume sampling frequency of 100 rad/sec
2. 3. Design FIR filter using impulse invariance technique. BTL 6 Creating
Given that

and implement the resulting digital filter by adder, multipliers

and delays Assume sampling period T = 1 sec.

4. (i) Find the H (z ) corresponding to the impulse invariance design BTL 1 Remembering
using a sample rate of 1/T samples/sec for an analog filter H (s)
specified as follows :

(ii) Design a digital low pass filter using the bilinear transform BTL 6 Creating
to satisfy the following characteristics
(1) Monotonic stop band and pass band
(2) -3 dBcutoff frequency of 0.5 rad
(3) Magnitude down at least -15 dB at 0.75rad.

5. Build an IIR filter using impulse invariance technique for the given BTL 2 Understandin
g

Assume T = 1 sec. Realize this filter using direct form I and direct
form II.

6. 7. The specification of the desired lowpass filter is

BTL 3 Applying

Construct a Butterworth digital filter using bilinear transformation.

8. 9. The specification of the desired low pass filter is

BTL 3 Applying

Construct a Chebyshev digital filter using impulse invariant

transformation
10. Design an IIR digital low pass butterworth filter to meet the BTL 3 Applying
following requirements: Pass band ripple (peak to peak): 0.5dB,
Pass band edge: 1.2kHz, Stop band attenuation: 40dB, Stop band
edge: 2.0 kHz, Sampling rate: 8.0 kHz. Use bilinear transformation
technique
11. (i) Discuss the limitation of designing an IIR filter using BTL 6 Creating
impulse invariant method
(ii) Convert the analog filter with system transfer function using
bilinear transformation
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 BLT 4 Applying
Ha(S) =(S+0.3) / ((S+0.3)2+16)

12. The specification of the desired low pass filter is BTL 6 Creating

0.8 H() 1.0; 0 0.2

H() 0.2; 0.32

Design butterworth digital filter using impulse invariant
transformation
uu
UNIT IV FIR FILTER DESIGN
Structures of FIR Linear phase FIR filter Fourier Series - Filter design using
windowing techniques (Rectangular Window, Hamming Window, Hanning Window),
Frequency sampling techniques.
PART A

Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. Compare FIR filters and FIR filters with regard to stability and BTL 4 Analyzing
complexity

2. List out the conditions for the FIR filter to be linear phase BTL 4 Analyzing
3. What is Gibbs phenomenon or Gibbs oscillation? BTL 1 Remembering
4. Give the equations for rectangular window and hamming BTL 2 Understanding
window
5. Give the equations for blackman window and hanning window BTL 2 Understanding

6. Distinguish between FIR and IIR filters BTL 2 Understanding

7. Compare the digital and analog filter BTL 4 Analyzing
8. Give the desirable properties of windowing technique? BTL 2 Understanding

9. Write the equation of Bartlett window BTL 1 Remembering

10. Illustrate the Direct form I structure of the FIR filter BTL 3 Applying

11. Discuss the steps involved in FIR filter design BTL 2 Understanding

12. Solve the direct form implementation of the FIR system having BTL 3 Applying
difference equation
y(n) = x(n) 2x(n-1) + 3x(n-2) 10x(n-6)

13. Solve direct cascade realization of the system BTL 3 Applying

H(Z) = (1+5Z-1+6Z-2)(1+Z-1)

14. What are the advantages and disadvantages of FIR filter? BTL 1 Remembering

15. What is the reason that FIR filter is always stable? BTL 1 Remembering
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16. Explain the necessary and sufficient condition for linear phase BTL 5 Evaluating
characteristic in FIR filter?

17. State the properties of FIR filter? BTL 2 Understanding

18. What are called symmetric and anti symmetric FIR filters? BTL 1 Remembering

19. Explain the condition for a digital filter to be causal and stable? BTL 5 Evaluating

20. List out the steps involved in designing FIR filter using BTL 1 Remembering
windows

PART B

1. Design a high pass filter with a frequency response BTL 6 Creating

Find the values of h(n) for N = 11 using hamming window. Find

H(z) and determine the magnitude response.

2. (i) Realize the following FIR system using minimum number of BTL 2 Understandin
multipliers g
1. () = 1 + 21 + 0.52 0.53 0.54

2. () = 1 + 21 + 32 + 43 + 34 + 25

(ii) Using a rectangular window technique, design a low pass

filter with pass band gain of unity cut off frequency of 1000Hz
and working at a sampling frequency of 5 kHz. The length of the
impulse response should be 5.

3. Determine the coefficients of a linear phase FIR filter of length M = BTL 4 Analyzing
15 which has a symmetric unit sample response and a frequency
response that satisfies the conditions

4. Develop an ideal high pass filter using hanning window with a BTL 6 Creating
frequency response

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 Assume N = 11.

5. Construct a FIR low pass filter having the following BTL 2 Understandin
specifications using Blackman window g

Assume N = 7

6. Design an FIR low pass digital filter using the frequency BTL 1 Rememberin
sampling method for the following specifications g

Cut off frequency = 1500Hz

Sampling frequency = 15000Hz
Order of the filter N = 10
Filter Length required L = N+1 = 11

7. (i) Explain with neat sketches the implementation of FIR filters BTL 4 Analyzing
in direct form and Lattice form
(ii) Construct a digital FIR band pass filter with lower cut off
frequency 2000Hz and upper cut off frequency 3200 Hz using BTL 2 Understandin
Hamming window of length N = 7. Sampling rate is 10000Hz g
8. (i)Determine the frequency response of FIR filter defined by BTL 5 Evaluating

y(n) = 0.25x(n) + x(n 1) + 0.25x(n 2)

(ii) Discuss the design procedure of FIR filter using frequency BTL 2 Understandin
sampling method g
9. Design an FIR filter using hanning window with the BTL 6 Creating

following specification

Assume N = 5.

10. (i) Explain briefly how the zeros in FIR filter is located. BTL 4 Analyzing
(ii) Using a rectangular window technique, design a low pass
filter with pass band gain of unity cut off frequency of
1000Hz and working at a sampling frequency of 5 kHz. The BTL 6 Creating
length of the impulse response should be 7.

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 UNIT V FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS IN DIGITAL FILTERS
Binary fixed point and floating point number representations Comparison Quantization noise truncation and
rounding quantization noise power- input
quantization error- coefficient quantization error limit cycle oscillations-dead bandOverflow error-signal scaling
PART A

Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. What is truncation? BTL 1 Remembering

2. Define product quantization error? BTL 1 Remembering

3. What is meant by fixed point arithmetic? Give example BTL 1 Remembering

4. Explain the meaning of limit cycle oscillator BTL 5 Evaluating

5. What is overflow oscillations? BTL 1 Remembering

6. Give the advantages of floating point arithmetic? BTL 2 Understandin

g
7. Compare truncation with rounding errors. BTL 4 Analyzing

8. What is dead band of a filter? BTL 1 Remembering

9. What do you understand by input quantization error? BTL 2 Understandin

g

10. Describe the methods used to prevent overflow? BTL 2 Understandin

g

11. Compare fixed point and floating point arithmetic? BTL 4 Analyzing

12. Discuss the two types of quantization employed in a digital BTL 2 Understandin
system? g

13. What is rounding and what is the range of rounding? BTL 1 Remembering

14. Will you recommend quantization step size to be small or large BTL 5 Evaluating

15. Define Noise transfer function? BTL 1 Remembering

16. How are limit cycles are created in a digital system BTL 5 Evaluating

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17. What is meant by block floating point representation? What are its BTL 4 Analysing
advantages?

18. Explain the three-quantization errors to finite word length registers BTL 4 Analyzing
in digital filters?

19. Explain coefficient quantization error? What is its effect? BTL 5 Evaluating

20. Why rounding is preferred to truncation in realizing digital filter? BTL 1 Remembering

PART B

1. (i) Discuss in detail the errors resulting from rounding and BTL 6 Creating
truncation
(ii) Explain the limit cycle oscillations due to product round off and BTL 3 Applying
overflow errors

2. Explain the characteristics of a limit cycle oscillation with respect to BTL 4 Analyzing
the system described by the equation
y(n)=0.85y(n-2)+0.72y(n-1)+x(n)
Determine the dead band of the filter x(n) = (3/4)(n) , b=4
3. BTL 4 Analyzing
(i) Explain the characteristics of limit cycle oscillations with
respect to the system described by the difference equation
y(n)=0.95y(n-1)+x(n). x(n)=0; y(n-1) =13. Determine the dead
band of the system
(ii) Define zero input limit cycle oscillation and Explain BTL 5 Evaluating

4. Compare fixed point and floating point representations. What is BTL 1 Remembering
overflow? Why do they occur?
5. (i)Explain the effects of co-efficient quantization in FIR filters? BTL 5 Evaluating
(ii)Distinguish between fixed point and floating point arithmetic BTL 2
Understandin
g
6. Discuss the following with respect to finite word length effects in BTL 6 Creating
digital filters,
a. Over flow limit cycle oscillation
b. Signal scaling

7. (i) Consider a second order IIR filter with BTL 4 Analysing

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 Find the effect of quantization on pole locations of the given
system function in direct form and in cascade form. Assume b = 5
bits.
(ii) The output of A/D converter is applied to digital filter with the
system function H(Z) = 0.5Z / (Z- 0.5)
Estimate the output noise power from the digital filter when the BTL3 Applying
input signal is quantized to have 8 bits.

8. (i) What is called quantization noise? Derive the expression for BTL 1 Remembering
quantization noise power
BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) How to prevent limit cycle oscillations? Explain
9. (i) Compare the truncation and rounding errors using fixed point BTL 2 Understandin
and floating point representation. g

(ii) Show the following numbers in floating point format with five BTL 3 Applying
bits for mantissa and three bits for exponent.
(a)710
(b) 0.2510
(c)-710
(d) -0.2510

10. (i) The output of a 12 bit A/D converter is passed thought a digital BTL 4 Analyzing
filter which is described by the difference equation y(n)= x(n)+
0.2y(n-1). Calculate the steady state output noise power due to A/D
converter quantization

(ii) For the system H(Z) = (1+0.75Z-1 ) / (1- 0.4Z-1) find the scale
factor to prevent overflow BTL 5 Evaluating

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