Team 2

AAE451 System Requirements Review

Chad Carmack Ben Goldman

Aaron Martin Russell Hammer
Ryan Mayer Donnie Goepper
Jake Schaefer Phil Mazurek
Abhi Murty John Tegah
Shane Mooney Chris Simpson
 Outline
• Brief Market Overview
 Customer needs, benefits ,market size and competitors.
• Concept of Operations
 Customer satisfaction
 Flight ranges, runway lengths
 Aircraft Payload and passenger capability
 Mission Sketch
 Segment descriptions
• System Design Requirements
 Quality Function Deployment(QFD)
 NASA N+2 goals
 New technology adopted
• Initial Estimations
 Lift to Drag ratio, Specific Fuel Consumption(SFC)
 Empty weight fraction prediction
• Future Progress
 Project goals and deadlines.

1
 Mission Statement
 Designed to maximize productivity and
minimize travel time.
 Design an environmentally sensitive business jet
with a wide range of capabilities.

An elite ownership experience awaits

2
 Benefits
Time saving capability
Long range
Comfort and Luxury

3
 Primary Customers
Multinational Corporations
Celebrities
Governments
Fractional Air Services

“Now more than ever, a business aircraft is

an essential tool for capturing new
opportunities, for compacting two- to three-
week trips into two to three days. ”

-Jeff Habib, Senior Vice President of U.S. and

Canadian Sales, Dassault Falcon Jet

4
 Projected Market

The graph indicates that the Long Range market will continue to
grow in the next decade.
*Source – Honeywell Aviation Forecast
5
 Jet Purchases

Big Cabin Jets Captured 40% of Mentions and ~70% of $Value*

*Source – Honeywell Aviation Forecast

6
Purchase Expectations by Region

Source – Honeywell Aviation Forecast

7
Meeting Our Customer’s Needs
 Travel Fast
◦ Mach 0.85 Long Range Cruise
◦ An Initial Cruise Altitude of 42,000 ft. helps evade
commercial traffic
 Travel Far
◦ Maximum Range of 6350 nm
◦ LA to Hong Kong, Chicago to Tokyo, non-stop.
 Travel Productively
◦ Spacious and comfortable cabin provides a generous
place to both work and relax

8
Proposed Fuselage

9
 Aircraft Amenities

Amenities Dimensions
Recliners (10x) – 10 Seats L: 35”, W: 33”
Sofas (2x) – 6 Seats L: 90”, W: 35”
Tables (3x) L: 24”, W: 35”
Conference Table L: 36”, W: 60”
Lavatories (2x) L: 62”
Bar L:62”, W:40”
Flight Attendant Seating (2x) – 2 Seats L: 30”, W:30”

10
 Amenity Dimensions

Approximating Cabin Length

Amenity Amenity Length Current Total Length

1 Lavatory 62” x 1 Lavatories 5’ 2”
4 Recliners 35” x 4 Recliners 16’ 10”
1 Tables 24” x 1 Table 18’ 10”
1 Conference Table 38” x 1 Conference Table 22’
2 Sofas 90” x 2 Sofas 37’
1 Bar/Kitchenette 72” x 1 Bar/Kitchenette 43’
Miscellaneous Spacing 84” 50’

11
Cabin Layout and Dimensions
Fuselage Cross-Section

13
 Aircraft Characteristics

Total Aircraft Length = (50’ Cabin) + (14’ 2” Nose) + (23’ 10” Tail)
= 88’

Cabin Diameter = 8’ 10”

Fineness Ratio = 9.96

Volume per passenger (Max. Capacity) = 81.5 cubic feet

14
 Representative City Pairs
 Non-stop possibilities:
◦ LA to Seoul
 (5209 nm)
◦ Dallas to Moscow
 (5035 nm)
◦ LA to Beijing
 (5432 nm)
◦ New York to Dubai
 (5949 nm)
◦ Chicago to Tokyo
 (5452 nm)
◦ LA to Hong Kong
 (6309 nm)
15
 Design Mission
3
2 Cruise

6 7

Climb

Los Angeles Hong Kong Alternate

0 Takeoff 1 4 5 8 9
6350 nm 200 nm

0-1: Take off to 50 ft.
1-2: Climb to 42000 ft. (Best Rate)
2-3: Cruise at Mach 0.85
3-4: Decent to Land (No Range Credit)
4-5: Missed Approach (Go Around)
5-6: Climb to 5000 ft. (Best Rate)
6-7: Divert to Alternate 200 nm
7-8: 45 minute Holding Pattern
8-9: Land
16
 Operating Missions
 New York to Los Angeles
◦ Mach 0.9*
◦ 2146 nm
◦ 16 passengers
 Chicago to Houston
◦ Mach 0.9*
◦ 804 nm
◦ 4 passengers

*Maximum operating Mach dependent on engine selection

17
 Benchmark Aircraft
 Gulfstream G550
 Gulfstream G650
 Bombardier Global Express
XRS
 Bombardier Global 5000
 Gulfstream G500
 Citation X
 Bombardier Challenger 300
 Bombardier Challenger 850
 Bombardier Learjet 60 XR
 Bombardier Learjet 85
 Cessna Citation Sovereign
 Gulfstream G150
 Hawker 4000
 Hawker 750
 Hawker 850XP
 Hawker 900XP
18
 Fuel Consumption Benchmark
 6.31 lbs/nm (Jane’s All The World’s Aircraft) for
the Gulfstream G650
 3.78 lbs/nm As 40% Reduction Design Goal
 Currently the G150 Burns approximately 3.49
lbs/nm

19
NASA Subsonic Fixed Wing Project
 Develop improved prediction methods and
technologies for lower noise, lower emissions,
and higher performance for subsonic aircraft
 Analyzing Research and Testing Methods to
make major improvements by 2020

20
 Advanced Technology
 Unducted Fan shows promise to reduce emissions and fuel
consumption
 “ERA is focused on the goals of NASA’s N+2, a notional
aircraft with technology primed for development in the 2020
time frame as part of the agency’s subsonic fixed wing
program”
◦ Aviation Week Dec 14, 2009

21
 Benefits of UDF
 Relative to 1998 levels, NASA plans to reduce
cumulative noise levels to 42 dB below stage 4, 75%
lower NOx emissions, and reduce fuel burn by 40%
◦ Aviation Week

22
House of Quality

23
 Requirements Compliance Matrix
Part 1

Performance Target Threshold Current

Characteristics
Range 6300 nm 6000 nm 6300 nm
Takeoff Distance 6000 ft 7000 ft 6000 ft
Max. Pax. 17 8 16
Cruise Mach 0.85 0.8 0.85
Cruise Altitude 45000 ft 40000 ft 45000 ft

24
 Requirements Compliance Matrix
Part 2

Performance Target Threshold Current

Characteristics
Cabin Noise 60 dB 70 dB 65 dB
LTO NOx CAEP 6-75% CAEP 6-60% CAEP 6-70%
Emissions
Cumulative 232 dB 274 dB 274 dB
certification
noise limits

25
 Requirements Compliance Matrix
Part 3

Performance Target Threshold Current

Characteristics
Fuel cost per 3.8 lb/mile 4 lb/mile 6.23 lb/mile
mile
Loading Door 4 ft 5 ft 4 ft
Still height
Variable Costs $4100/hr $4300/hr $4100/hr

26
Constraint Diagram

27
 Constraint Diagram Analysis
 T/W limited by Second Segment Climb
◦ Current min. is ~0.33
 W/S limited by Landing Ground Roll
(3500ft)
◦ Current max. is ~100

28
 Aircraft Database
 Database Includes two classes
◦ Class 1: Larger Business Jets
 Gulfstream G500
 Gulfstream G550
 Gulfstream G650
 Bombardier Global 5000

29
 Aircraft Database
 Database Includes two classes
◦ Class 2: Smaller Business Jets
 Cessna Citation X
 Cessna Citation Sovereign
 Bombardier Challenger 300, 850
 Bombardier Learjet 60XR, 85
 Gulfstream G150
 Hawker 750, 850XP, 900XP, 4000

30
 Aircraft Database
Team 2 Aircraft Database
y = 1.378x-0.08
0.65

0.63
Class 1: Larger Planes
0.61

0.59

0.57
We/Wo

0.55

0.53

0.51

0.49
Class 2: Smaller Planes
0.47

0.45
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000
Wo

31
 Performance Estimates
 Aspect Ratio
◦ AR = 8.0
◦ Estimated from existing Business Jets
 Lift to Drag Ratio at Cruise
◦ L/D = 0.85[1.4(AR)+7.1] = 15.56
◦ Source: Raymer and Carte
 Specific Fuel Consumptions
◦ SFCcruise = 0.5
◦ SFCloiter = 0.6
◦ Estimated from existing Business Jet engine data

32
 Weight Estimates
 Least Squares Regression: 108,000 lbs

We
bW0c1 ARc 2 (TSL / W0 )c3 (W / S )c 4 M cruise
c5
Rangec 6
W0

We
3.08 W0 0.154 AR 0.016
(TSL / W0 )0.394 (W / S )0.089 M cruise
0.934
Range0.032
W0

33
 Weight Estimates
 Curve Fit with Similar Planes: 92,000 lbs

We
aW0c 67.69W0 0.422
W0
Similarly Sized Planes y = 67.69x-0.42
0.57

0.56

0.55
We/Wo

0.54

0.53

0.52

0.51

0.5
84000 86000 88000 90000 92000 94000 96000 98000 100000 102000
Wo

34
 Performance Prediction
Range vs. Mach for Various Loadings

08 Passengers
7200
12 Passengers
16 Passengers
7000

6800

6600
Range (nmi)

6400

6200

6000

5800

5600

0.7 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.8 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9
Mach Number

35
 Technology Factors
 Currently none are being used
◦ Predicts “worst case” in early design stage
◦ Should make it easier to meet initial design
goals once technology factors are included
 Anticipated Technology Factors
◦ Empty Weight (composites)
◦ Engine Efficiency (unducted turbofan)

36
 Next Steps
 More accurate L/D equations
 Inclusion of technology factors in sizing
 Development of aircraft performance
code
 Acquiring engine configurations and
performance data
 Choosing wing type and analyzing
aerodynamic data to minimize drag
 Completing aircraft Catia model

37
Questions?

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