Indian Police Service

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Indian Police Service (Bhratya Pulis Sev) or IPS, is an All India Service for
Service Overview
policing.[3] It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India gained
independence from Britain. Logo

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the
IPS is one of the three All India Services its cadre can be employed by both the Union
Government and the individual States.

The service is not a force itself but provides leaders and commanders to staff the state police
and all-India Central Armed Police Forces. Its members are the senior officers of the
police.[4] The Bureau of Police Research and Development is responsible for research and
development of the police force in India.

Abbreviation IPS
Contents Date of 1905 (As Imperial Police)
Establishment 1948 (as IPS)[1]
1 History
1.1 British India Country India
1.2 Modern India
Staff College Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National
1.2.1 Medals and decorations
2 Objective Police Academy, Hyderabad,
3 Selection Telangana
3.1 Training Cadre Ministry of Home Affairs,
4 Career Progression Controlling Government of India
4.1 Pay structure of Indian Police Service
4.2 Ranks and insignia Authority
4.2.1 Ranks of IPS officers Minister Rajnath Singh, Minister
5 Reforms and Major concerns Responsible responsible for Ministry of Home
5.1 Corruption and fake encounters Affairs
5.2 National Police Commission (1977-81)
5.3 Ribeiro Committee (1998-99) Legal Governmental: Government
5.4 Padmanabhaiah Committee (2000) personality service
5.5 Malimath Committee Report (2003)
Duties Law Enforcement
5.6 Soli Sorabjee Committee (2005)
5.7 Supreme Court intervention (2006) Crime Investigation
5.8 Follow-up from Supreme Court Security Intelligence (Internal &
6 See also External)
7 References Public Order
8 Further reading
Cadre 3894 members (2016)[2]
9 External links
Strength
Selection Civil Services Examination
History Association IPS (Central) Association
Head of the Civil Services
There is no alternative to this British India

administrative system... The
Union will go, you will not have
a united India if you do not have
good All-India Service which has
the independence to speak out its
mind, which has sense of security
that you will standby your work...
If you do not adopt this course,
then do not follow the present
Constitution. Substitute
something else... these people are
Current Pradeep Kumar Sinha, IAS
Cabinet
In 1861, the British Government
Secretary
introduced the Indian Councils Act of
1861.[8] The act created the foundation of
a modern and professionalised police
bureaucracy in India. It introduced, a new
cadre of police, called Superior Police
Services, later known as the Indian
Imperial Police.[8] The highest rank in the
service was the Inspector General[8] for
each province. The rank of Inspector

the instrument. Remove them and
I see nothing, but a picture of General[9] was equated and ranked with
chaos all over the country. Brigadier[9] and similar ranks in the Indian
Armed Forces, as per Central Warrant of
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in Constituent Assembly
discussing the role of All India Services.[5][6][7]
Precedence in 1937.[a][9]
Jamadar, Constable and Sergeant - NCO positions
opened to Indians until 1920.
In 1902-03, a Police Commission was established for the Police reforms under Sir Andrew
Frazer and Lord Curzon.[10] It recommended the appointment of Indians at officer level in
the police. Indians could rise only to the ranks of Inspector of Police, the senior N.C.O.
position. However they were not part of Indian Imperial Police.[10]
From 1920, Indian Imperial Police was open to Indians and the entrance examination for the service was
conducted both in India and England.[10]

Prior to Independence, senior police officers belonging to the Imperial Police (IP) were appointed by the
Secretary of State on the basis of a competitive examination. The first open civil service examination for
admission to the service was held in England in June 1893 and the ten top candidates were appointed as
probationers in the Indian (Imperial) Police. It is not possible to pinpoint an exact date on which the Indian Police
came formally into being. Around 1907, the Secretary of State's officers were directed to wear the letters "IP" on
their epaulettes in order to distinguish them from the other officers not recruited by the Secretary of State through
examination. In this sense, 1907 could be regarded as the starting point.[1] In 1948, a year after India gained
independence; the Imperial Police was replaced by IPS. Indian Police Medal issued
in 1940.

Modern India

The modern Indian Administrative Service was created under the Article 312(2) in part XIV of the Constitution of India.[11]

In 1972, Kiran Bedi joined the IPS, becoming the first woman police officer.[12]

As per media reports, there is massive shortfall of IPS officers in India, amounting to nearly 19% to 22% of sanctioned strength.[13][14]

Medals and decorations

Historically, few officers have been awarded United Nations Medal and have participated in Indian Army United Nations peacekeeping
missions.

Objective
The First Police Commission, appointed on 17 August 1865, contained detailed guidelines for the desired system of police in India and
defined the police as a governmental department to maintain order, enforce the law, and to prevent and detect crime. The Indian Police
Service is not a force itself but a service providing leaders and commanders to staff the state police and all-India Central Armed Police Forces.
Its members are the senior officers of the police. With the passage of time Indian Police Service's objectives were updated and redefined, the
current rules and functions of an Indian Police Service Officer are as follows:[15]

To fulfil duties based on border responsibilities, in the areas of maintenance of public peace and order, crime prevention, investigation,
and detection, collection of intelligence, VIP security, counter-terrorism, border policing, railway policing, tackling smuggling, drug
trafficking, economic offences, corruption in public life, disaster management, enforcement of socio-economic legislation, bio-diversity
and protection of environmental laws etc.
Leading and commanding the Indian Intelligence Agencies like Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Intelligence Bureau (IB),
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Criminal Investigation Department (CID) etc., Indian Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, Civil
and Armed Police Forces in all the states and union territories.
Leading and commanding the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) which include the Central Police Organisations (CPO) such as
Border Security Force (BSF), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), National Security Guard
(NSG), Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), Vigilance Organisations and Indian Federal Law Enforcement Agencies.
To interact and coordinate closely with the members of other All India Services and with the Indian Revenue Service and also with the
Indian Armed Forces primarily with the Indian Army.
To lead and command the force with courage, uprightness, dedication and a strong sense of service to the people.
Endeavor to inculcate in the police forces under their command such values and norms as would help them serve the people better.
Inculcate integrity of the highest order, sensitivity to aspirations of people in a fast-changing social and economic milieu, respect for
human rights, broad liberal perspective of law and justice and high standard of professionalism.

Selection
IPS officers are recruited from Civil Services Examination. They are also promoted from State Police Services and DANIPS. However, at
present, recruitment from Limited Competitive Examination has been put on hold.[13]

After selection for the IPS, candidates are allocated to a cadre. There is one cadre in each Indian state, with the exception of three joint cadres:
Assam-Meghalaya, Manipur-Tripura, and Arunachal Pradesh-Goa-Mizoram-Union Territories (AGMUT). Two-thirds of the strength of every
cadre is filled directly by IPS officers and the remaining are promoted from the respective states cadre officers.

Eligibility conditions for Police Personals is defined by Govt recruitment laws. Each rank has different criteria which includes age limit,
Education and physical qualification. Once candidate satisfies all these criteria, he/she can take part in recruitment exam of Indian Police.

Training

The training of IPS officer recruits is conducted at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy in Hyderabad. The authorised cadre
strength of Indian Police Service is 4920. (3270 Direct Recruitment Posts and 1650 Promotional Posts).[16] The Civil List of IPS officers is an
updated (annual) list maintained by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India that lists the posting details of all IPS officers in India.
This Civil List can be accessed from the MHA website. It allows searching for an IPS officer on the basis of his name, Batch or Cadre.[17]
Career Progression
Pay structure of Indian Police S ervice

Pay structure of Indian Police Service[4][18][19]

Position in
Position in the
Grade/Level on Other Positions or Designation in the State Government(s) orGovernment Indian Base Salary
Insignia State
Pay Matrix[18][19] of India (GOI)[4][20] Order of (monthly)[19]
Government(s)[4]
Precedence

Director of Intelligence Bureau (IB), Special Director inIB, Director of

Director General
Apex Scale[21] (Pay Central Bureau of Investigation(CBI), Director General ofNational
of Police (Head of 25 2,25,000
level 17) Investigation Agency (NIA), Commissioner of Policeof Delhi, Director
Police Force)
General of Central Armed Police Forces(CAPFs).

Special Director General inCAPFs, Special Director in IB, Special Director in

HAG+ Scale (Pay Director General
CBI, Director of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy 25 2,05,400
level 16) of Police
(SVPNPA), Director General ofBureau of Police Research and Development.

Director of National Crime Records Bureau, Special Commissioner of Police

Additional
HAG scale[22] (Pay in Delhi, Commissioner of Police (City Police Commissionerate), Additional
Director General 25 2,00,000
level 15) Director General in NIA, Additional Director inIB, Additional Director in
of Police
CBI, Additional Director General inCAPFs.

(Above Super Time

Scale) Senior Joint Commissioner of Police inDelhi, Commissioner of Police (City Police
Inspector General
Administrative Commissionerate), Inspector General inCAPFs, Inspector General inNIA, 26 1,75,000
of Police
Grade (Pay Level Joint Director in IB, Joint Director in CBI, Joint Director in SVPNPA.
14)

Super Time Scale Additional Commissioner of Police inDelhi, Commissioner of Police (City
(DIG/Conservator Deputy Inspector Police Commissionerate), Deputy Inspector General inCAPFs, Deputy
1,50,000
Grade) (Pay level General of Police Inspector General in NIA, Deputy Director in IB, Deputy Inspector General in
13A) CBI, Deputy Director in SVPNPA.

Superintendent of
Selection Grade
Police (selection Deputy Commissioner of Police inDelhi. 1,18,500
(Pay level 13)
grade)

Junior
Superintendent of
Administrative Deputy Commissioner of Police inDelhi. 78,800
Police
Grade (Pay level 12)

Additional
Senior Time Scale
Superintendent of Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police inDelhi. 67,700
(Pay Level 11)
Police

Assistant
Junior Time Scale
Superintendent of Assistant Commissioner of Police inDelhi. 56,100
(Pay Level 10)
Police

Ranks and insignia

Though the standard uniform colour is Khaki.[23] The ranks, posts and designations of IPS officers vary from state to state as law and order
is a state matter. But generally the following pattern is observed.
Ranks of IPS officers

[24][25][26][27]

This Hindustan Ambassadorhas a triangular flag as

well as one star (on the blue box). Both these
features indicate that the car belongs to aDIG rank
IPS officer.

Indian Police Service Officer Rank Insignia[28][29][30]

Insignia

Assistant Assistant
Director of Additional Deputy Superintendent Superintendent Superintendent
Director Inspector Additional
Intelligence Director Inspector of Police Superintendent of Police of Police
Rank General General Superintendent
Bureau General of General (Selection of Police (Probationary (Probationary
of Police of Police of Police
(GOI) Police of Police Grade) Rank: 2 years Rank: 1 year
of service) of service)
Abbreviation DIB DGP ADGP IGP DIG SP SP Addl. SP ASP ASP

Although DIB is a 4 star post and not a rank, it's given to the senior most IPS officer in Intelligence Bureau .
Rank insignia of DGP is similar to Additional DGP .
Note: Commissioner of Police is a post is held by dif ferent rank of ficers in different places. For example, it is held by DG rank officer
only in Delhi and Mumbai; by Additional DG rank officer in Pune, Ahmedabad , Chennai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Guwahati etc; by IG
rank officer in Gurgaon, Ludhiana, Mysore etc; by DIG rank officer in Trivandrum, Kochi etc.

Reforms and Major concerns

India's police continue to be governed by an colonial police law passed in 1861.
The Indian Constitution makes policing a state subject and therefore the state
governments have the responsibility to provide their communities with a police
service. However, after independence, most have adopted the 1861 Act without
change, while others have passed laws heavily based on the 1861 Act.

Repeated major incidents, (latest of them being 2012 Delhi gang rape) revealed
failure of police to uphold the rule of law.[31][32]

The need for reform of police in India has been long recognised. There has been
almost 30 years of debate and discussion by government created committees
and commissions on the way forward for police reform, but India remains
saddled with an outdated and old-fashioned law, while report after report
gathers dust on government bookshelves without implementation. Many
committees on police reforms have recommended major reforms in the police
system coupled with systematic accountability.[33][34]

Corruption and fake encounters Flags (left) & Stars (right) on official cars of senior IPS officers, as
per their rank.
(Later it was proved that Ishrat Jahan case was not a fake encounter). Recently,
several IPS officers were arrested and jailed[35][36] in graft and corruption
cases[37][38][39] In recent years, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has dismissed few IPS officers for non performance.[40]

Some IPS officers have been convicted of fake encounters.[41][42]

National Police Commission (1977-81)

National Police Commission was the first committee set up by the Indian government to report on policing. The National Police Commission
began sitting in 1979, in the context of a post-Emergency India, and produced eight reports, including a Model Police Act, between 1979 and
1981.[43]

Ribeiro Committee (1998-99)

In 1996, two former senior police officers filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court, asking for the Court to direct
governments to implement the recommendations of the National Police Commission. The Supreme Court directed the government to set up a
committee to review the Commission's recommendations, and thus the Ribeiro Committee was formed. The Committee, under the leadership
of J. F. Ribeiro, a former chief of police, sat over 1998 and 1999, and produced two reports.[43][44]

Padmanabhaiah Committee (2000)

In 2000, the government set up a third committee on police reform, this time under the stewardship of a former union Home Secretary, K.
Padmanabhaiah. This Committee released its report in the same year.[43][45]

Malimath Committee Report (2003)

The Malimath Committee Report submitted in March, 2003 has very articulately laid down the foundation of a restructured and reoriented
police system.[46] The Committee in its report observed that the success of the whole process of Criminal Justice Administration depended
completely on the proper functioning of the police organisation especially in the investigation stage. Apart from the investigation of offences,
the police also have the duty of maintaining law and order.

Soli Sorabjee Committee (2005)

In 2005, the government put together a group to draft a new police Act for India. It was headed by Soli Sorabjee (former Attorney General).
The committee submitted a Model Police Act to the union government in late 2006.[43]

Supreme Court intervention (20 06)

In 1996, Prakash Singh (a former Directors General of Police of the states of Assam and Uttar Pradesh and subsequently Director General of
the Border Security Force) initiated a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court of India, asking the court to investigate measures
to reform the police forces across India to ensure the proper rule of law and improve security across India. The Supreme Court studied various
reports on police reforms. Finally, in 2006, a bench of Justice Y.K. Sabharwal, Justice C.K. Thakker and Justice P.K. Balasubramanyan[47]
ordered the state governments to implement several reforms in police force.[48]

Several measures were identified as necessary to professionalise the police in India:

A mid or high ranking police officer must not be transferred more frequently than every two years.
The state government cannot ask the police force to hire someone, nor can they choose the Director General of the State Police.
There must be separate departments and staff for investigation and patrolling.,[49] which will include the creation of:

A State Security Commission, for policies and direction

A Police Establishment Board, which will decide the selection, promotions and transfers of police officers and other staff
A Police Complaints Authority, to inquire into allegations of police misconduct.

Follow-up from Supreme Court

In 2006, due to a lack of action by all the state governments,[50] the Supreme Court ordered the state governments to report to it why the
reform measures outlined were not implemented.[51] After being questioned in front of the judges of the Supreme Court, the state
governments are finally starting to reform the police forces and give them the operational independence they need for fearless and proper law
enforcement. Tamil Nadu Police has been in the forefront of application of the new referendum.[52]

Again, in October 2012, a Supreme Court bench of Chief Justice Altamas Kabir and Justices Surinder Singh Nijjar and Jasti Chelameswar
asked all state governments and Union territories to inform about compliance of its September 2006 judgement. The order was passed when
Prakash Singh through his lawyer Prashant Bhushan said that many of the reforms (ordered by the Supreme Court) have yet not been
implemented by many state governments.[53]

See also
Indian State Police Services
Law enforcement in India
Encounter killings by police
Civil Services of India
All India Service
Special Duty Allowance (SDA)
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the original (http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/aj/police/india/initiatives/chri_state_compliance_with_supreme_court_dire
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51. "The Supreme Court of India takes the lead on police reform: Prakash Singh vs. Union of India" (http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/
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52. Das, Sunrat (6 May 2007). "Board to lend ears to transfer woes" (http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070507/asp/frontpage/story_774173
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53. "SC asks states to file affidavit on police reforms" (http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/SC-asks-states-to-file-affidav
it-on-police-reforms/Article1-945679.aspx). Hindustan Times. 16 October 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2012.

Notes

a. The rank of IGP is ranked and equated with the rank of Brigadier / equivalent rank of the Indian Armed Forced as per Warrant of
Precedence 1937, as per Ministry of Home Affairs' directions contained in Letter No 12/11/99-Pub II dated 26 Dec 1966. This
Warrant of Precedence is compiled from a joint consideration of the existing Central Warrant of Precedence (which is till the rank of
Major General) and Warrant of Precedence 1937, as per Ministry of Home Affairs' directions contained in Letter No 12/11/99-Pub II
dated 26 Dec 1966, the validity of which has been confirmed by Letter No 12/1/2007-Public dated 14 Aug 2007. The MHA has
confirmed in 2007 that the Old Warrant of Precedence shall be taken as a guide to determine ranks below the ones mentioned in the
current WoP.

Further reading
History of services of Indian police service, as on 1 July 1966, by Ministry of Home Affairs, India. Published by Govt. of India, 1969.
The peace keepers: Indian Police Service (IPS), by S. R. Arun, IPS, DGP Uttar Pradesh. Published by Berghahn Books, 2000.
ISBN 978-81-7049-107-1.
The Indian Police Journal (IPJ), by Bureau of Police Research and Development, Ministry of Home Affairs. Published by Govt. of
India, OctoberDecember 2009 Vol.LVI-No.4. ISSN 0537-2429.
History of services of Indian police service, as on 1 July 1966, by Ministry of Home Affairs, India. Published by Govt. of India, 1969.

External links
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy
"Shortage of IPS officers". Press Information Bureau. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016.

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