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Michelle D Heart
Mammal Extinction
I have been researching and reading articles on the topic of mammal extinction.
Global extinction rates are now elevated up to a thousand times higher than the
background extinction rates shown by the fossil record, and may climb another order of
magnitude in the near future [1][3]. Isaac NJ, Turvey ST, Collen B, Waterman C, Baillie
JE (2007). The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) defines recently
extinct mammals as any mammal that has went extinct since the year 1500 C.E. I have
researched what type of mammals have become extinct and the reasons why. I have also
researched what needs to be conducted to help preserve endangered species and prevent
Among mammals alone, at least 14 genera and three families have gone extinct
since AD 1500 [20], and all members of a further 19 families and three orders are
considered to be in imminent danger of extinction [2] Isaac NJ, Turvey ST, Collen B,
Waterman C, Baillie JE (2007). I think this statement from Mammals on the EDGE:
Conservation Priorities Based on Threat and Phylogeny shows how mammal exctinction
is widesspread throughout the group and involves a range of species. Large mammals
seem to have more of a threat of becoming extinct according to the article I read called
Multiple Causes of High Extinction Risk in Large Mammal Species. The article states
Many large animal species have a high risk of extinction. Cardillo, M., Mace, G. M.,
Jones, K. E., Bielby, J., Bininda-Emonds, O. R., Sechrest, W., . . . Purvis, A. (2005,
August 19). This article makes a good point in showing how larger mammals are prone to
having a higher risk of extinction. On the other hand, another article shows how animals,
including mammals, in the medium range on the size scale have lower extinction rates.
largest and smallest species face a greater risk of extinction than do mid-sized animals.
Oregon State University. (2017, September 18). These three articles help give an idea of
what type of mammals have becone extinct, as well as ones that face a greater risk of
extinction.
There are many different causes for animals going extinct I have seen even more
through the articles Ive read. One cause is stated in World's mammals being eaten into
bats - are being eaten into extinction by people, according to the first global assessment
of the impact of human hunting. Carrington, D. (2016, October 19) is stated and I think
it shows how hunting for eating purposes is a huge reason for the decline in mammal
species. The article also states that First global assessment finds 301 species are
primarily at risk from human hunting for the bushmeat trade Carrington, D. (2016,
October 19). I think this statement shows just how many species of mammals are being
affected due to hunting for food. I seen poaching of animals as an issue in 5-year-old
determined to save this endangered mammal that stated, In January, the only mammal
with scales in the world was added to the endangered species list, as people poach them.
Garnier, Terrace. (2017, July 14). Another reason I seen in my reading of Mass
biodiversity crisis that threatens the planet can be considered the sixth major extinction
event. Mendes Pontes AR, Beltro ACM, Normande IC, Malta AdJR, Silva Jnior APd,
Santos AMM (2016). I had to look up exactly what biodiversity is and it is defined as the
variety of life in the world or in a habitat or ecosystem. Im thinking this problem causes
extinction in mammals because they cant survive in the environment they habitate. I also
seen in this article that deforestation is a leading cause of extinction. It states that
Beltro ACM, Normande IC, Malta AdJR, Silva Jnior APd, Santos AMM (2016). I
couldnt imagine how many species lose their lives due to deforestation where their
homes and means of survival get taken away. Finally, I seen again in Multiple Causes of
High Extinction Risk in Large Mammal Species how species size differentiates the cause
of mammal species going extinct. The abstract to this article reads: Many large animal
species have a high risk of extinction. This is usually thought to result simply from the
way that species traits associated with vulnerability, such as low reproductive rates, scale
with body size. In a broad-scale analysis of extinction risk in mammals, we find two
additional patterns in the size selectivity of extinction risk. First, impacts of both intrinsic
and environmental factors increase sharply above a threshold body mass around 3
intrinsic traits. Thus, the disadvantages of large size are greater than generally
recognized, and future loss of large mammal biodiversity could be far more rapid than
expected. Cardillo, M., Mace, G. M., Jones, K. E., Bielby, J., Bininda-Emonds, O. R.,
Sechrest, W., . . . Purvis, A. (2005, August 19). Larger size is shown to be threatened
more, but it shows the factors that effect both smaller and larger mammals.
reduced budgets for recovery.. Restani, M., & Marzluff, J. M. (2002, February 01). This
statement is showing how recovery programs are needed for the conservation of
mammals and without them they are even more threatened and risk extinction I think
North Atlantic right whales decline confirmed: 458 remaining makes a good point that
pertains to more than one mammal species with the statement that Study confirms need
for urgent action NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center. (2017, September 19).
Many mammals are in need of action programs to be saved from extinction. Different
(2017, September 18). This statement from When it comes to the threat of extinction, size
matters: Animals in the Goldilocks zone -- neither too big, nor too small, but just the
right size -- face a lower risk of extinction than do those on both ends of the scale shows
that many conservation actions need to be carried out to prevent extinction from
actions to attain sustainable population sizes and to avert extinction. Restani, M., &
Marzluff, J. M. (2002, February 01). "To turn the tide, international cooperation is
crucial," says a team of lawyers, conservation biologists and social scientists. Pensoft
Publishers. (2017, September 13). I think this statement is saying to enact and carry out
analysis clearly shows the importance of various global and regional treaties... Pensoft
Publishers. (2017, September 13). I believe this is saying treaties need to be enacted to
help show, along with enforce, the conservation that is needed for endangered mammals.
1995, Eisner et al. 1995). Scientific wisdom, public opinion, and agency policy are
currently aligned to allocate funds in proportion to species' needs. Restani, M., &
Marzluff, J. M. (2002, February 01). From my point of view this is saying three things;
that allocating funds is neccesary, scientific thinking needs to be conducted, and public
support are all needed in the conservation process. Strategic delays in conservation
efforts could be the key to protecting more species according to researchers at The
saying exactly what the title states: Biding time could improve conservation outcomes.
The article shows how the right amount of delay of time to enact conservation methods
building, or monitoring and research which can help save many more mammal species.
extinction. The articles I read were very informative on this subject. I knew there were
many mammals that have become extinct, but I didnt know quite how many. I also
wasnt sure how much was in place to help conserve extinct animals prior to my readings.
Cardillo, M., Mace, G. M., Jones, K. E., Bielby, J., Bininda-Emonds, O. R., Sechrest, W.,
. . . Purvis, A. (2005, August 19). Multiple Causes of High Extinction Risk in Large
Mammal Species. Retrieved September 21, 2017, from
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/309/5738/1239
Carrington, D. (2016, October 19). World's mammals being eaten into extinction, report
warns. Retrieved September 21, 2017, from
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/oct/19/worlds-mammals-being-eaten-
into-extinction-report-warns
Garnier, Terrace. (2017, July 14). 5-year old determined to save this endangered
mammal. NY Post. Retrieved September 21, 2017 from
http://nypost.com/2017/07/14/5-year-old-determined-to-save-this-endangered-mammal/
Isaac NJ, Turvey ST, Collen B, Waterman C, Baillie JE (2007) Mammals on the EDGE:
Conservation Priorities Based on Threat and Phylogeny. PLoS ONE 2(3): e296.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000296
Loi, P., Ptak, G., Barboni, B., Fulka, J., Cappai, P., & Clinton, M. (2001). Genetic rescue
of an endangered mammal by cross-species nuclear transfer using post-mortem somatic
cells. Nature Biotechnology, 19(10), 962-4. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1001-962
https://search.proquest.com/docview/222264236?pq-origsite=gscholar
Mendes Pontes AR, Beltro ACM, Normande IC, Malta AdJR, Silva Jnior APd, Santos
AMM (2016) Mass Extinction and the Disappearance of Unknown Mammal Species:
Scenario and Perspectives of a Biodiversity Hotspots Hotspot. PLoS ONE 11(5):
e0150887. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150887
NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center. (2017, September 19). North Atlantic right
whales decline confirmed: 458 remaining: Study confirms need for urgent action.
ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 21, 2017 from
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/09/170919140419.htm
Oregon State University. (2017, September 18). When it comes to the threat of
extinction, size matters: Animals in the Goldilocks zone -- neither too big, nor too small,
but just the right size -- face a lower risk of extinction than do those on both ends of the
scale. ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 21, 2017 from
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/09/170918132732.htm