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3.26 Response Reduction Factor (R) 3.21 Response Reduction Factor (R) It is
It is the factor by which the actual base shear the factor by which the base shear induced
force, that would be generated if the structure in a structure, if it were to remain elastic, is
were to remain elastic during its response to reduced to obtain the design base shear. It
the Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) shaking, depends on the perceived seismic damage
shall be reduced to obtain the design lateral performance of the structure, characterized
force. by ductile or brittle deformations,
redundancy in the structure, or overstrength
inherent in the design process.
3.27 Response Spectrum 3.22 Response Spectrum It is the
The representation of the maximum response representation of maximum responses of a
of idealized single degree freedom systems spectrum of idealized single degree freedom
having certain period and damping, during systems of different natural periods but
earthquake ground motion. The maximum having the same damping, under the action
response is plotted against the undamped of the same earthquake ground motion at
natural period and for various damping their bases. The response referred to here can
values, and can be expressed in terms of be maximum absolute acceleration,
maximum absolute acceleration, maximum maximum relative velocity, or maximum
relative velocity, or maximum relative relative displacement
displacement.
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4.17 Principal Axes 4.17 Principal Plan Axes These are two
Principal axes of a building are generally two mutually perpendicular horizontal directions
mutually perpendicular horizontal directions in plan of a building along which the
in plan of a building along which the geometry of the building is oriented.
geometry of the building is oriented.
4.18 P- Effect 4.18 P- Effect It is the secondary effect
It is the secondary effect on shears and on shear forces and bending moments of
moments of frame members due to action of lateral force resisting elements generated
the vertical loads, interacting with the lateral under the action of the vertical loads,
displacement of building resulting from interacting with the lateral displacement of
seismic forces. building resulting from seismic effects.
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For es A
For response spectram
6.4.2.1 For determining the correct spectrum
to be used in the estimate of (Sa/g), the type
of soil on which the structure is placed shall
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As per 1893:2016
Table 1 Percentage Increase in Net Bearing Pressure and Skin Friction of Soils (Clause
6.3.5.2)
Sl.no Type of Soil Percentage Increase Allowable
NOTES Notes
1. The allowable bearing pressure shall be 1. The net bearing pressure shall be
determined in accordance with IS 6403 or determined in accordance with IS 6403 or IS
IS 1888. 1888.
2. If any increase in bearing pressure has 2. Only corrected values of N shall be used.
already been permitted for forces other 3. If any increase in net bearing pressure has
than seismic forces, the total increase in already been permitted for forces other than
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Sl Soil Remarks
No. Type (3)
(1) (2)
i) Type Well graded gravel (GW)
A or well graded sand (SW)
Rock both with less than 5
or percent passing 75 mm
hard sieve (Fines) Well graded
soils gravel sand mixtures
with or without fines
(GW-SW) Poorly-graded
sand (SP) or Clayey sand
(SC), all having N above
30 Stiff to hard clays
having N above 30, where
N is corrected standard
penetration test value
ii) Type B Poorly graded sands or
B poorly graded sands with
Medi gravel (SP) with little or
um or no fines having N between
stiff 10 and 30 Stiff to medium
soils stiff fine-grained soils,
like silts of low
compressibility (ML) or
clays of low
compressibility (CL)
having N between 10 and
30
iii) Type All soft soils other than SP
C with N<10. The various
Soft possible soils are:
soils Silts of intermediate
compressibility (Ml); Silts
of high compressibility
(MH); Clays of
intermediate
compressibility (CI);
Clays of high
compressibility (CH);
Silts and clays of
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6.4.5 The design acceleration spectrum for The value of Sa/g shall be based on natural
vertical motions, when required, may be period T corresponding to the first vertical
taken as two-thirds of the design horizontal mode of oscillation, using 6.4.2
acceleration spectrum specified in 6.4.2.
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less than 3)
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Vb=Ah*w
7.2.2 Minimum Design Lateral Force
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Sl No. Seismic Zone
Percent
(1) (2)
(3)
i) II 0.7
ii) III 1.1
iii) IV 1.6
iv) V 2.4
7.4 Seismic Weight
7.4.1 Seismic Weight of Floors
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0.08
0.08
Where where
h = Height of building, in m. This excludes
the basement storeys, where basement walls h =height (in m) of building (see Fig. 5). This
are connected with the ground floor deck or excludes the basement storeys, where
fitted between the building columns. But it basement storey, walls are connected with
includes the basement storeys, when they are the ground floor deck or fitted between the
not so connected. building columns, but includes the basement
storeys, when they are not so connected.
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N
w L 2
wi
Aw Awi
0.2
h
1
where
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7.7 Distribution of Design Force 7.6.3 The design base shear (VB) computed
7.7.1 Vertical Distribution of Base Shear to in 7.6.1 shall be distributed along the height
Different Floor Levels of the building and in plan at each floor level
The design base shear (VB) computed in 7.5.3 as below
shall be distributed along the height of the a) Vertical distribution of base shear to
building as per the following expression: different
where
W
i = seismic weight of floor i;
and
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r r r r
i 1 j 1
i ij j
i 1 j 1
i ij j
Where Where
r = Number of modes being
considered
ij = Cross model coefficient
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j
= natural frequency ratio = i ;
a)if the building does not have closely-spaced 1) If building does not have closely-
modes, then the peak response quantity () spaced modes, then net peak
due to all modes considered shall be obtained response quantity due to all
as modes considered shall be
r estimated as:
( )2 r
(
k
k 1 k )2
k 1
Where where
K Absolute value of quantity in mode
k, and k = peak response quantity in mode k, and
r Number of modes being considered
Nm= number of modes considered
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i 1
Where where
g = Acceleration due to gravity
ik = Mode shape coefficient at floor i g = acceleration due to gravity,
in mode k, and
Wi = Seismic weight of floor i. ik = mode shape coefficient at floor
i in mode k,
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Wiik W i ik
Pk n
i 1
Pk n
i 1
Wi (ik ) 2
i 1
W (
i 1
i ik )2
c)Design Lateral force at each floor in each Design lateral force at each floor in each
Mode the peak lateral force(Qik) at floor I mode Peak lateral force Qik at floor i in
in mode k is given by mode k is given by Equation
e)Storey Shear Forces due to All modes Storey shear force due to all modes
Considered The peak storey shear force considered Peak storey shear force Vi in
(Vi) in storey i due to all modes considered is storey i due to all modes considered, shall be
obtained by combining those due to each obtained by combining those due to each
mode in accordance with 7.8.4.4. mode in accordance with 7.7.5.3
f)Lateral forces at Each Storey Due to All Lateral forces at each storey due to all modes
Modes Considered The design lateral considered Design lateral forces Froof at
forces, Froof and Fi, at roof and at floor i; roof level and Fi at level of floor i shall be
Froof = V roof , and obtained as:
Fi = Vi Vi+1 Froof = V roof , and
Fi = Vi Vi+1
7.9 Torsion 7.8 Torsion
7.9.1 Provision shall be made in all buildings 7.8.1 Provision shall be made in all
for increase in shear forces on the lateral buildings for increase in shear forces on the
force resisting elements resulting from the lateral force resisting elements resulting
horizontal torsional moment arising due to from twisting about the vertical axis of the
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bi
= floor plan dimension of floor i,
perpendicular to the direction of force.
NOTE The factor 1.5 represents dynamic
The factor 1.5 represents dynamic amplification factor, and 0.05bi represents
amplification factor, while the factor 0.05 the extent of accidental eccentricity. The
represents the extent of accidental above amplification of 1.5 need not be used,
eccentricity. when performing structural analysis by the
Time History Method.
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Em = 550 fm
where fm is the compressive strength of
masonry prism (in MPa) obtained as per IS
1905 or given by expression:
fm = 0.433fb0.64 fmo0.36
wher
e
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h h 4 Emt
sin 2
4E I h
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a) RC structural walls, or
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7.12.2.3 The increased design forces 7.12.2.3 The increased design forces
specified in 7.12.2.1 and 7.12.2.2 are only for specified in 7.12.2.1 and 7.12.2.2 are only
designing the projecting parts and their for designing the projecting parts and their
connections with the main structures. For the connections with the main structures, and
design of the main structure, such increase NOT for the design of the main structure.
need not be considered.
7.12.3 Compound Walls 7.12.3 Compound Walls
Compound walls shall be designed for the Compound walls shall be designed for the
design horizontal coefficient Ah with design horizontal coefficient Ah of 1.25Z,
importance factor I= 1.0 specified in 6.4.2. that is, Ah calculated using 6.4.2 with I = 1,
R = 1 and Sa/g = 2.5
7.12.4 Connections Between Parts 7.12.4 Connections between Parts
All parts of the building, except between the All small items and objects of a building
separation sections, shall be tied together to shall be tied to the building or to each other
act as integrated single unit. All connections to act as single unit, except those between
between different parts, such as beams to the separation joints and seismic joints.
columns and columns to their footings, These connections shall be made capable of
should be made capable of transmitting a transmitting the forces induced in them, but
force, in all possible directions, of magnitude not less than 0.05 times weight of total dead
(Qi/Wi) times but not less than 0.05 times the and imposed load reactions; frictional
weight of the smaller part or the total of dead resistance shall not be relied upon in these
and imposed load reaction. Frictional calculations.
resistance shall not be relied upon for
fulfilling these requirements.
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List of some towns with population more than 3 lakhs (As per Census 2011) and their Seismic
Zone factor Z. Table is same for old and new codes.
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