Académique Documents
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Engineering Faculty
ENG Fida Mohammad Sahil and ENG Samimulhaq samimi
First Year, 1st Semester [2017]
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Parts of Speech
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Outlines
Parts of Speech
Noun
Pronoun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Preposition
Conjunction
Interjection 3
Parts of Speech
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Verb
4. Adjective
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection
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1. Noun
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Noun (Contd.)
There are:
1. Common Nouns: building, planet, boy
2. Proper Nouns: White House, Earth, George
3. Collective Nouns: conference, gang, union
4. Abstract Nouns:
Action: motion, activity, movement
Quality: beauty, goodness, whiteness
State: childhood, youth, friendship
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Noun (Contd.)
In order to count nouns, in English we have:
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Noun (Contd.)
Rules to make plurals of countable nouns:
Note: Some nouns should not be in plural form, in case they are
not preceded by numeral adjective.
Examples: Deer, Sheep and Fish.
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2. Pronoun
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Pronoun (Contd.)
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Pronoun (Contd.)
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Pronoun (Contd.)
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3. Verb
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Verb (Contd.)
Kinds of Verbs
1. Main verb: Has particular meaning and isnt used for making
changes in a sentence.
Examples: look, sweep, provide
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Verb (Contd.)
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Verb (Contd.)
Verb Regularity
Verbs are divided into the following two kinds when changing to
their past form(s):
1. Regular verbs: Kind of verbs that take (d or ed) for second and
third forms.
Examples: believe believed, trust trusted, kill killed
2. Irregular verbs: Kind of verbs that do not take (d, ed) for second
and third forms.
Examples: keep kept, read read, think thought, put put
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Adjective (Contd.)
Kinds of Adjective
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Adjective (Contd.)
Kinds of Adjective
Comparisons
Two nouns with adjectives can be compared:
Note:
The following endings are often found on adjectives:
Examples: -y (milky) -ous (joyous) -ful (hopeful)
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Adjective (Contd.)
Comparisons
Two nouns with adjectives can be compared:
Note:
In most cases, add er to an adjective to make a comparison:
Examples: big bigger tall taller sweet sweeter
Note:
Add the and est to adjectives which use er. Use the most with adjectives
with more than two syllables:
Examples: Earth is big. Uranus is bigger. Jupiter is the biggest of all planets.
Note:
There are some irregular cases of adjectives while using for comparison:
Examples:
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5. Adverb
adverbs give information about verbs,
adjectives and adverb.
Kinds of Adverb
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Adverb (Contd.)
Kinds of Adverb
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8. Interjection
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Article
Articles are words that modify nouns.
There are two types of articles:
Also used when the noun is the only one of its kind:
Examples: The sun rises in the east.
The moon is full.
The door is locked. (if there is only one door)
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Article (Contd.)
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Affixes (Contd.)
Letters added to the beginning of words for changing its meaning or form
are prefixes.
Examples: incomplete, abnormal, disable, improper
Letters added to the end of words for changing its meaning or form are
suffixes.
Examples: converse conversation help helpful
boy boyhood front frontier
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