Page 1 of 8
Power Quality Improvement in PFC Bridgeless-Luo
Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive
[l l
Bhim Singh , Fellow, IEEE, Vashist Bist Student Member, IEEE,
[31
Ambrish Chandra , Senior Member, IEEE and Kamal AI-Haddad , Fellow, IEEE
Abstract -- This paper presents a PFC
Correction) based BL-Luo (Bridgeless-Luo)
BLDC (Brushless DC) motor drive. A single voltage sensor is
used for the speed control of BLDC motor and PFC at AC
mains. The voltage follower control is used for a BL-Luo
converter operating in DICM (Discontinuous Inductor Current
Mode). The speed of the BLDC motor is controlled by an
approach of variable DC link voltage, which allows a low
frequency switching of VSI (Voltage Source
electronic commutation of BLDC motor; thus offers reduced
switching losses. The proposed BLDC motor drive is designed to
operate over a wide range of speed control with improved power
quality at AC mains. The power quality indices thus obtained
are under the recommended limits of IEC 61000-3-2.
performance of the proposed drive is validated with test results
obtained on a developed prototype of the drive.
Index Terms-BL-Luo Converter, BLDC motor, PFC, Power
Quality.
I. INTRODUCTION
BLDC (Brushless DC) motors have become increasingly
popular in the past decade due to the advantages such as high
efficiency, high power density, compact size, high
ruggedness, lower maintenance requirements and their
immunity to EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) problems
[1-3]. A BLDC motor is a three phase synchronous motor
having torque-speed characteristics of a DC motor [1-3]. It
has three phase windings on the stator which are excited by a
VSI (Voltage Source Inverter) and permanent magnets on the
rotor. It does not require any brushes and commutator
assembly; rather an electronic commutation based on the
rotor position as sensed by Hall Effect position sensors is
used [4, 5]. Hence the problems such as sparking, wear and
tear of brushes, EMI and noise interference are eliminated in
the BLDC motor.
A conventional BLDC motor drive using a front end DBR
(Diode Bridge Rectifier) and a high value of DC link
capacitor draws highly distorted peaky current which is rich
in harmonics [6]. This leads to a very low power factor of the
order of 0.7-0.8 and high THD (Total Harmonic Distortion)
of supply current at AC mains. Such types of power quality
indices are not acceptable under the limits of international
power quality standards such as IEC 61000-3-2 [7]. Hence,
IPQC's (Improved Power Quality Converters) are used for
improving the power quality at AC mains [8, 9].
An IPQC may be designed to operate in either of CCM
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[21
[41
(Power Factor (Continuous Conduction Mode) or DCM (Discontinuous
converter fed Conduction Mode) operation. A CCM offers an advantage of
lower stress on a PFC converter switch, but requires a two
control loop (i.e. voltage and current control loops) for
achieving a DC link voltage control with PFC at AC mains
[9]. This requires three sensors for the operation, which is a
costly option, and hence preferred for high power ratings
Inverter) for (>lkW). Whereas, the converter operating in DCM acts as an
inherent power factor corrector and hence requires a single
voltage control loop (i.e. single voltage sensor) for DC link
voltage control. But, a higher stress on PFC converter switch
The is obtained in it for a PFC converter operating in DICM;
hence this mode is preferred for low power applications [9].
Many configurations of PFC converter feeding a BLDC
motor drive have been reported in the literature [6, 10-12]. A
boost-PFC converter fed BLDC motor drive has been the
most widely used configuration but it utilizes a constant DC
link voltage with PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) based VSI
for speed control [10, 11]. A high switching loss on account
of high switching frequency occurs which drastically reduces
the efficiency. Moreover, it requires high number of sensors
and complex control for its operation. A concept of variable
DC link voltage for speed control of BLDC motor has been
reported in [3]. Gopalarathnam et. al. [12], have proposed a
SEPIC (Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter) for
feeding a BLDC motor drive using the concept of variable
DC link voltage. It uses a bifilar winding which uses a PWM
based control of VSI and have high switching losses. Singh
et. at. [6], have proposed a Cuk converter fed BLDC motor
drive using the control of variable DC link voltage. This
utilizes a Cuk converter operating in CCM; hence requires
three sensors and is preferred for higher power rating.
Bridgeless converter configurations have gained
importance in the past decade due to their high efficiency.
The front end DBR is eliminated in these configurations
which reduce the conduction losses associated in them [13-
16]. The bridgeless buck and boost converters have been
reported in [13] and [14] respectively. They suffer from a
limited voltage conversion ratio 1 for buck and >1 for
boost converter) which limits its application for a wide range
of speed control by varying DC link voltage. The bridgeless
Cuk and SEPIC converters have also gained popularity due to
a wide voltage conversion ratio [15, 16].
A Luo converter has been widely used due to its inherent
 2013-IA CC-287
characteristics of voltage lifting [17-21]. Many versions of
Luo converter voltage lifting technique such as re-lift [19],
super-lift [20] and ultra-lift [21] have been reported in the
literature. The use of Luo converter as a PFC has been
explored in [22]. Inheriting the advantages of the Luo
converter, a bridgeless configuration of the Luo converter is
explored in this paper for feeding a BLDC motor as a low
cost solution for low power applications.
II. PROPOSED PFC BL-Luo CONVERTER FED BLDC MOTOR
DRIVE
Fig. 1 shows the proposed PFC based BL-Luo converter
fed BLDC motor drive. A single-phase supply followed by
filter and a BL-Luo converter is used to feed a VSI driving a
BLDC motor. The BL-Luo converter is designed to operate in
DICM (Discontinuous Inductor Current Mode) to act as an
inherent power factor pre-regulator. The speed of the BLDC
motor is controlled by adjusting the DC link voltage of VSI
using a single voltage sensor. This allows VSI to operate at
fundamental frequency switching (i.e. electronic
commutation of BLDC motor) and hence has low switching
losses in it; which are considerably high in PWM based VSI
feeding a BLDC motor. The proposed scheme is designed
and its performance is simulated for achieving an improved
power quality at AC mains for a wide range of speed control
and supply voltage variations. Finally, the simulated
performance of the proposed drive is validated with test
results on a developed prototype of the drive.
PFC Based BLLuo Converter
Dp, Lo,
w' (Reference Speed)
Fig. I. Proposed PFC BL-Luo Converter fed BLOC motor drive.
III. OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF PFC BL-Luo CONVERTER
The operation of proposed PFC BL-Luo converter is
classified into two parts which include the operation during
the positive and negative half cycles of supply voltage (Fig.
2) and during the complete switching cycle (Fig. 3).
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A. Operation during Positive and Negative Half Cycle of
Supply Voltage
Figs. 2(a) and (b) show the operation of PFC BL-Luo
converter for positive and negative half cycles of supply
voltage respectively. The bridgeless converter is designed
such that two different switches operate for a positive and
negative half cycles of supply voltages. As shown in Fig.
2(a), switch Sw" inductors Li' and Lo' and diodes Dp and Dp'
conduct during the positive half cycle of supply voltage. In a
similar manner, switch Sw2, inductors Li2 and Lo2 and diodes
Dn and Dnl conduct during the negative half cycle of supply
voltage as shown in Fig. 2(b). Fig. 2(c) shows the associated
waveforms demonstrating the vanatlOn of different
parameters such as supply voltage (vs), discontinuous input
inductor currents (iLil and iLi2), output inductor current (iLol
and iLo2) and the intermediate capacitor's voltage (Vc, and
VC2) during complete cycle of supply voltage.
(b) (c)
Fig. 2. Operation of the PFC BL-Luo converter during positive and negative
half cycle of supply voltage.
B. Operation during Complete Switching Cycle
Fig. 3 shows the operation of PFC BL-Luo converter
during a complete switching period for positive half cycle of
supply voltage.
Mode 1: As shown in Fig. 3(a), when switch Swl is turned-on,
the input side inductor (Li!) stores energy depending upon the
current (iLi) flowing through it and the inductor value (Li')'
Moreover, the energy stored in intermediate capacitor (C,) is
transferred to the DC link capacitor (Cd) and the output side
inductor (Lio). Hence, the voltage across intermediate
capacitor (Vc, ) decreases, whereas the current in output
inductor (iLol) and the DC link voltage (Vde) are increased as
shown in Fig. 3(d).
Mode 11: As shown in Fig. 3(b), when switch Sw' is turned
off, the input side inductor (Li,) transfers its energy to the
intermediate capacitor (C,) via diode Dp" Hence, the current
iLi' decreases till it reaches zero, whereas the voltage across
intermediate capacitor (V Cl) increases as shown in Fig. 3(d).
DC link capacitor (Cd) provides the required energy to the
load; hence DC link voltage Vde reduces in this mode of
operation.
Page 3 of 8 2013-IA CC-287

Mode 111: As shown in Fig. 3(c), no energy is left in the input

inductor (Lil) i.e. current iLiI becomes zero and enters into (2)
discontinuous conduction mode of operation. The "in + Vdc
intermediate capacitor (Ca and output inductor (Lol) are Now using (2), minimum (dmin) and maximum (dmax) duty
discharged; hence current iLol and voltage VCl are reduced ratios corresponding to Vdemin and Vdemax are calculated as
and DC link voltage Vde increases in this mode of operation 0.2016 and 0.5025 respectively.
as shown in Fig. 3(d). The operation is repeated when switch The critical value of input inductor operating in DICM for
Swl is turned-on again. a worst duty ratio of dmin is given as [17],
In a similar way, for negative half cycle of supply voltage L druin (1- druin )Vin
IC =
(3)
the inductor's Li2 and L02, diode Dnl and intermediate 2Iof s
capacitor C2 conduct to achieve a desired operation.
where fs is the switching frequency which is taken as 20 kHz
_ Inductor Charging ___0,. and 10 is the load current.
".r

Dr \,--_,:!./ Hence a value of Lie is obtained as 1991lH. i.e. the value of

input inductor's is selected much less than this critical value
VSIF.
BLDC [24]; hence the selected value of inductors (Lil and Li2) is
Motor
taken as 40uH.
The value of intermediate capacitors (CI and C2) is
calculated for worst duty ratio (dmax) and is given as [17],
Inductor Charging Capacitor o;scharglng Capacitor Charging iswl

(a) d max Vc
Cm = C = C =
- =--=- (4)
1 2
- --

2f SRL (I1Vc/2)
where RL is the emulated load resistance, VC is a voltage
appearing across intermediate capacitor (i.e. Yin+Vde) and
11VC is the permitted ripple voltage, which is taken as 50%.
Hence the value of intermediate capacitors (Cl and C2) is
Inductor Discharging Capacitor Charging Capacitor Discharging VC ..-i _+--+
11-_-+---,,..._ obtained as 502nF and their selected value is 440nF.
(b) The relation governing the value of output inductor's (Lol
and L02) is given as [17],

L -L dmaxIo
- ---'-""''--'--
'-
01 - 02 (5)
- 16f:Cin (!,!,jo/2)
where l1io is the permitted ripple current in output inductors
(d) (Lol and L02) which is taken as 10% of Io.
Inductor Discharged Capacitor o;scl/arglng Capacitor Charging Hence value of Lol and L02 obtained is as 1.78mH.
(c) The value of DC link capacitor (Cd) is obtained as [9],
Fig. 3. Operation of the PFC BL-Luo converter during complete switching
10
cycle for positive half cycle of supply voltage -
C d = ---.:::...-
.- (6)
2coL Vdcnom
11
IV. DESIGN OF PFC BL-Luo CONVERTER
where 11Vde is the permitted ripple voltage in DC link
The PFC BL-Luo converter is designed for its operation in capacitor (taken as 2%) and COL is line frequency in rad/sec.
DICM to act as a power factor pre-regulator. The current in Hence a value of Cd obtained is 2211.61lF and its selected
input inductors (iLil and iLi2) becomes discontinuous in a value is 2200IlF.
switching period, whereas the output inductor currents (iLol An input filter (L-C filter) is designed to avoid the
and iL02) and intermediate capacitor's voltage (VCl and VC2) reflection of high current ripple in the supply system. The
remain continuous. A 400W (Po) PFC converter is designed maximum value of filter capacitor (Cmax) is given as [25],
to control the DC link voltage from 50V (Vdemin) to 200V
(Vdemax) with nominal voltage (Vdenom) as 120V. The average lpeak
Cf < Cmax = tan(8) (7)
voltage (Vin) appearing at the input of filter is given as [23],
coLVpeak
2J2V 2J2x220 where Vpeak and Ipeak represent peak value of supply voltage
"in = 5 = ::::: 198V (1) and supply current respectively and e represent displacement
7t 7t
__

angle between supply voltage and supply current.

The relation between the input and output voltages for a
A value of Cmax is obtained as 459nF for displacement
BL-Luo converter is given as [23],
angle of 10 . Hence selected value of filter capacitor (Cr<Cmax)
is 330nF.

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Now the required inductor value is calculated by sensors. The conduction states of two switches (Sl and S4)
considering the source impedance (4-5% of base impedance) are shown in Fig. 4. A line current iab is drawn from the DC
of the supply system and is given as, link capacitor which magnitude depends on the applied DC

I
( J( J link voltage (Vde), back emfs (ean and ebn), resistance (Ra and
1 V2
L = -0.05 s (8) Rb) and self and mutual inductance (L., Lb and M) of the
f
_ __

41t2fe 2C Po(OL stator windings. Table-I shows the governing the different
f
where fe is the cut off frequency (fL<fe<fsw) taken as fswllO. switching states of the VSI feeding a BLDC motor based on
Hence a value of filter inductor (Lreq) is selected 3.77mH. the Hall Effect position signals (Ha-He).
A DC filter of 3.77mH and 330nF is required for the
proposed application.

V. CONTROL OF PFC BL-Luo CONVERTER FED BLDC

MOTOR DRIVE

The control of the PFC BL-Luo converter fed BLDC motor vdc
drive is classified into two parts as follows.

A. Control of Front-End PFC Converter: Voltage Follower

Approach

The control of the front-end PFC converter generates the Fig. 4. A VSI feeding a BLOC motor.
PWM pulses for the PFC converter switches (Swl and Sw2) for
TABLE I
DC link voltage control with PFC operation. A single voltage
PERFORMANCE OF PFC BL-LUO CONVERTER FED BLOC MOTOR
control loop (voltage follower approach) is utilized for the DRIVE UNDER SPEED CONTROL
PFC BL-Luo converter operating in DICM. A reference DC e(o) Hall Signals Switching States
link voltage (Vde*) is generated as,
Ha Hb He SI S2 S3 S4 S; S6
(9) NA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
where kv is motor's voltage constant and (0* is reference 0-60 0 0 I I 0 0 0 0 I
speed. 60-120 0 I 0 0 I I 0 0 0
Reference DC link voltage (Vde*) is compared with 120-180 0 I I 0 0 I 0 0 I
sensed DC link voltage (Vde) to generate voltage error signal 180-240 I 0 0 0 0 0 I I 0
(Ve) given as, 240-300 I 0 I I 0 0 I 0 0
300-360 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
Ve(k) = Vdc *(k)- Vdc(k) (10)
NA I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0
where k represents the k th sampling instant.
This error voltage signal (Ve) is given to the voltage PI
VI. SIMULATED PERFORMANCE OF PROPOSED PFC BL-Luo
controller to generate a controlled output voltage (Vee) as,
CONVERTER FED BLDC MOTOR DRIVE
Vee (k) = Vee (k -1) + kp {Ve(k) -Ve(k -I)} + kj Ve(k) (11)
A MATLAB/Simulink environment is used to evaluate the
where kp and ki are proportional and integral gains of the performance of proposed PFC BL-Luo converter fed BLDC
voltage PI controller. motor drive for wide range of speed control and supply
Finally, output of voltage controller is compared with a voltage variation using a standard model of BLDC motor [6].
high frequency saw-tooth signal (md) to generate the PWM Performances indices such as supply voltage (vs), supply
pulses as,
current (is), DC link voltage (Vde), speed ((0), electromagnetic
{ if md(t) < vcc (t) then SWI =Sw2 ='ON '
if md(t) Vcc(t) then Swl =Sw2 ='OFF'
} (12)
torque (Te), stator current (ia), inductor currents (iLi!, iLi2' iLol
and iL02), intermediate capacitor's voltage (VCI and VC2) and
PFC converter switch's voltage and current (vsw and isw) are
where Swl and Sw2 represent the switching signals to the
analyzed for determining the performance of proposed BLDC
switches of PFC converter.
motor drive. Power quality indices such as PF (Power
Factor), DPF (Displacement Power Factor), CF (Crest Factor)
B. Control of BLDC Motor: Electronic Commutation and THD (Total Hannonic Distortion) of supply current at
An electronic commutation of the BLDC motor includes AC mains are analyzed for demonstrating the improved
the proper switching of VSI in such a way that a symmetrical power quality at AC mains.
DC current is drawn from the DC link capacitor for 1200 and A. Steady State Performance of Proposed Drive
placed symmetrically at the centre of each phase. A rotor
Figs. 5(a) and (b) show steady state performance of
position on a span of 600 is required for electronic
proposed BLDC motor drive at rated load on BLDC motor
commutation; which is sensed by Hall Effect position
with supply voltage as 220V and DC link voltage as 200V. A

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discontinuous input inductor current is obtained for every half TABLE II

PERFORMANCE OF PFC BL-LUO CONVERTER FED BLOC MOTOR
cycle of supply voltage which confirms the DICM operation
DRIVE UNDER SPEED CONTROL
of a bridgeless based configuration. Table-II shows the
Vdc OJ THD of Is
obtained performance for a wide range of speed control. An (V) (rpm)
DPF
Is (%)
PF
(A)
improved power quality is obtained with power quality
60 450 0.9976 4.73 0.9965 0.5344
indices within the limits of IEC 61000-3-2 [7]. Figs 6(a) and 80 650 0.9984 4.51 0.9974 0.7046
(b) show harmonic spectra of supply current at AC mains for 100 850 0.9993 4.19 0.9984 0.8747
rated load conditions with DC link voltage as 200V and 50V. 120 1110 0.9995 4.04 0.9987 1.056

500 . ... ..... ... .... .... .... . . . . . . J

140 1310 0.9999 3.79 0.9992 1.232
160 1490 1 3.52 0.9994 1.421

.505 =
180 1710 1 3.48 0.9994 1.609

200 1810 1 3.45 0.9994 1.7996

O B. Performance at Varying Supply Voltages

2i6
200
The performance of proposed BLDC motor drive is also
evaluated for varying supply voltages to demonstrate its

20B8 . . . behavior at practical conditions. Table-III shows the obtained

power quality indices at varying supply voltages from 170V
to 270V. Figs. 6(c) and (d) show the harmonic spectra of the
supply current at AC mains for rated load with supply voltage
E
e as 170V and 270V respectively.
.
....

i2 l , ;

1 , I I\/V\] {ITV\]
u uu uu ' uu u u

as 051 o:sz 053 054 05

.5 05
. 051 052 053 054 055

}
10

i ,u u'ul
Time(s) Time(s)

! u"ul u + J
Funl (50Hz) -2.54SA (peak),
1lID-345%
Fundamental(50Hz) -0 6393A(peak),
1lID-542"/.

J 1000.-
: i 'i . I I
u

50
0.5 0.511 0.52 0.53 ..
0.I54
I0.550.56 . .I

lu 1 ..n .J t."
. .11,1 .I
200 400 600 800 1000 200 400 600 800 1000

Time(s) >
Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz)

(a)

0.5 05
. 1 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55 05. 0.51 05
. 2 05
. 3 0.54 0.55

10 ,..-__-_-_--, 10 ,..-____-_--,
Time(s) Time(s)

Fundamental (50Hz) = 3.3A(peak), Fundamental (50Hz) = 2.077 A(Peak).

TI-II>=3.170/0 TI-II>=3.9Y'/.

$
4 LrCu!.l"uu, :i! 2 :i! 2

_:3 : 200 400 600

Frequency (Hz)
800 1000

(C)
)!
(d)
Fig. 6. Harmonic spectra of supply current of the proposed PFC-Luo
converter fed BLDC motor drive at rated load torque on BLOC motor with

100.LI .' ".-;.Li--I

. "" (a) Supply voltage as 220V and DC link voltage as 200V, (b) Supply voltage
____ . ____ . _____L____
.,-
...-..., . ______ as 220V and DC link voltage as 50V, (c) Supply voltage as l70V and DC
link voltage as 200V and (d) Supply voltage as 270V and DC link voltage as

% 10t-.5I--
---'-o01.51-4..
-"""I0.5-
-- 2---;-4
0. 53--....,..:--
0.54--- .55--- 0.56
0.-
200V.

C. Dynamic Performance of Proposed Drive

>

Time(s) >

(b) Fig. 7 shows the dynamic performance of the proposed

Fig. 5. Steady state performance of the proposed PFC BL-Luo converter fed BLDC motor drive at different DC link voltage and supply
BLOC motor drive voltages. Figs. 7(a) and (b) show the dynamic performance
during starting at DC link voltage of 50Y and change in DC

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link voltage from lOOV to 150V. Fig. 7(c) shows TABLE III
PERFORMANCE OF PFC BL-LUO CONVERTER FED BLOC MOTOR
perfonnance during varying supply voltage from 270V to
DRIVE UNDER VARYTNG SUPPL Y VOLT AGE
l70V. A smooth control of DC link voltage is obtained which
Vs THD of Is
shows a satisfactory performance of the closed loop control. (V)
DPF
ls (%)
PF
(A)
CF
The controller gains are given in Appendix.
170 0.9997 3.17 0.9992 2.333 1.414
190 0.9998 3.27 0.9993 2.083 1.414
210 0.9999 3.39 0.9993 1.887 1.414
230 I 3.52 0.9994 1.72 1.414
250 0.9999 3.71 0.9992 1.584 1.414
270 0.9998 3.93 0.999 1.468 1.414

D. Stress on PFC Converter Switches

The analysis of voltage and current stress with varying

15:f load on BLDC motor is shown in Table-IV. A peak voltage

and current stress of 560V and 29A are obtained which are
acceptable for a PFC converter operating in DICM. Based on
this analysis a hardware prototype of the proposed drive is
developed for experimental verification as discussed in next

- o 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

section.

Time(s) --- > TABLE IV

(a) VOLTAGE AND CURRENT STRESSES UNDER DIFFERENT
LOADING
Load Vsw Tswp Tswr
(%) (V) (A) (A)
20 560 15 0.2544
40 560 19 0.4174
60 560 23 0.601
80 560 26 0.7425
100 560 29 0.8838

VII. HARDWARE VALlDATlON OF THE PROPOSED PFC BL-Luo

CONVERTER FED BLDC MOTOR DRIVE

A TI-TMS320F2812 DSP (Digital Signal Processor) is

used for the development of proposed BLDC motor drive
[26]. An opto-isolation based on 6N136 opto-coupler is used
for providing the isolation between the PFC converter and the
Time(s) ---> VSl's switches with the DSP. A Hall signal filtering circuitry
(b) for Hall Effect position sensor is developed. Moreover,
software based MAF (Moving Average Filter) is also
developed for Hall signals filtering [27]. Obtained test results
of the proposed BLDC motor drive are discussed as follows.
A. Steady State Performance of Proposed Drive

Figs. 8(a) and (b) show the steady state behavior of the
proposed BLDC motor drive at rated torque conditions of
load on BLDC motor with DC link voltage as 70V and 200V.
A sinusoidal supply current in phase supply voltage is
obtained with a near unity power factor at AC mains.
B. Operation of PFC Based BL-Luo Converter

Fig. 8(c) shows the input and output inductor currents (iLil
and iLo1) and intermediate capacitor voltage (VC1) with the
supply voltage. A discontinuous current of the input side
Time(s) --->
inductor is obtained for positive half cycle which
(c) demonstrates the DICM operation of PFC BL-Luo converter.
Fig. 7. Dynamic performance of the proposed PFC-Luo converter fed BLOC
motor drive during (a) Staring of BLDC motor at DC link voltage of 50V,(b)
Step change in DC link voltage from 100V to 150V and (c) Step change in
supply voltage from 270V to 170V.

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C. Stress on PFC Converter Switches

Figs. 8(d) and (e) show the voltage and current stress on
the PFC converter switches and its enlarged waveforms. A
peak voltage and current stress of S80V126A is obtained
which is in accordance with the simulated results.
D. Dynamic Performance of Proposed Drive

Figs. 8(t), (g) and (h) show the dynamic performance

during starting at DC link voltage of SOY, change in DC link
voltage from 100V to IS0V and during step change in supply
voltage. A smooth control of DC link voltage is obtained
which shows a satisfactory performance of the closed loop
control. The hardware controller gains are given in Appendix.
E. Improved Power Quality of the Proposed Drive

The performance indices and the power quality indices

such as supply voltage (vs), supply current (is), active (Pac),
reactive (Pr) and apparent (Pa) powers, PF, DPF and THD of
supply current are measured on a 'Fluke' make power quality
analyzer. Figs. 9(a)-(c) and (d)-(t) show the obtained indices
at rated condition of BLDC motor with DC link voltages as
200V and 70V respectively. Moreover, Figs. 9(g)-(i) and 0)
(I) show the performance at supply voltage of 266V and
173V respectively. An improved power quality is obtained in
all these conditions with power quality indices within the
limits of IEC 61000-3-2 [7].

VIII. CONCLUSION
A PFC based BL-Luo converter fed BLDC motor drive
has been proposed for wide range of speeds and supply
voltages. A single voltage sensor based speed control of
BLDC motor using a concept of variable DC link voltage has
been used. The PFC BL-Luo converter has been designed to
operate in DICM and to act as an inherent power factor pre
regulator. An electronic commutation of the BLDC motor has
been used which utilizes a low frequency operation of VSI
for reduced switching losses. The proposed BLDC motor
drive has been designed and its performance is simulated in
MATLAB/Simulink environment for achieving an improved
power quality over wide range of speed control. Finally, the
performance of proposed drive has been verified
experimentally on a developed hardware prototype. A
satisfactory performance of proposed drive has been achieved
and is a recommended solution for low power applications.

ApPENDIX
BLDC Motor Rating: 4 pole, Prated (Rated Power) 314W, =

Vrated(Rated DC link Voltage) 200V, Trated (Rated Torque)

=

= l.SNm, (Orated (Rated Speed) 2000rpm, Kv (Voltage

=

Constant) 78V/krpm, Kt (Torque Constant)

= 0.74NmlA, =
(g) (h)
Fig. S. Test results of proposed BLOC motor drive (a) At rated load torque
Rph (Phase Resistance) 14.S6Q, Lph (Phase Inductance)
2 on BLOC motor with Vdc=50V and vs=220V, (b) At rated load torque on
= =

2S.71mH, J (Moment of Inertia) 1.8xlO-4Nm/s .

Controller Gains: Kp = 0.2,
= 0.001 (Experimental).
= BLOC motor with Vdc=200V and vs=220V, (c)iLd, iLol. Vel with VS, (d) PFC
converter's switch voltage and current at rated load torque on BLOC motor
(e) Enlarged waveforms of PFC converter's switch voltage and current,(f)
K; = 2 (Simulation); Kp = 0.4, K;
Dynamic performance during starting at 50V, (g) Dynamic performance
during change in DC link voltage from 100V to 150V, (h) Dynamic
performance during change in supply voltage from 250 to ISOV.

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 2013-IA CC-287 Page 8 of 8

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[10] R. Yijayarajeswaran, "DSP Implementation of a Power Factor
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[12] T. Gopalarathnam and H. A. Toliyat, "A new topology for unipolar
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978-1-4673-5202-4/12/$31.00 2013 IEEE