ignorance (n.

)
c. 1200, "lack of wisdom or knowledge," from Old French ignorance (12c.), from Latin ignorantia
"want of knowledge" (see ignorant). Ignoration (1832) has been used in the sense "act of ignoring."

ignorant (adj.)
late 14c., "lacking wisdom or knowledge; unaware," from Old French ignorant (14c.), from Latin
ignorantem (nominative ignorans) "not knowing, ignorant," present participle of ignorare "not to
know, to be unacquainted; mistake, misunderstand; take no notice of, pay no attention to," from
assimilated form of in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + Old Latin gnarus "aware, acquainted with"
(source also of Classical Latin noscere "to know," notus "known"), from Proto-Latin suffixed form
*gno-ro-, suffixed form of PIE root *gno- "to know." Also see uncouth.

Form influenced by related Latin ignotus "unknown, strange, unrecognized, unfamiliar." Colloquial
sense of "ill-mannered, uncouth, knowing nothing of good manners" attested by 1886. As a noun,
"ignorant person," from mid-15c. Related: Ignorantly.

in- (1)
word-forming element meaning "not, opposite of, without" (also im-, il-, ir- by assimilation of -n-
with following consonant, a tendency which began in later Latin), from Latin in- "not," cognate
with Greek an-, Old English un-, all from PIE root *ne- "not."

In Old French and Middle English often en-, but most of these forms have not survived in Modern
English, and the few that do (enemy, for instance) no longer are felt as negative. The rule of thumb
in English has been to use in- with obviously Latin elements, un- with native or nativized ones.

*gno-
*gn-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to know."

It forms all or part of: acknowledge; acquaint; agnostic; anagnorisis; astrognosy; can (v.1) "have
power to, be able;" cognition; cognizance; con (n.2) "study;" connoisseur; could; couth; cunning;
diagnosis; ennoble; gnome; (n.2) "short, pithy statement of general truth;" gnomic; gnomon; gnosis;
gnostic; Gnostic; ignoble; ignorant; ignore; incognito; ken (n.1) "cognizance, intellectual view;"
kenning; kith; know; knowledge; narrate; narration; nobility; noble; notice; notify; notion;
notorious; physiognomy; prognosis; quaint; recognize; reconnaissance; reconnoiter; uncouth; Zend.

It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit jna- "know;"
Avestan zainti- "knowledge," Old Persian xnasatiy "he shall know;" Old Church Slavonic znati
"recognizes," Russian znat "to know;" Latin gnoscere "get to know," nobilis "known, famous,
noble;" Greek gignoskein "to know," gnotos "known," gnosis "knowledge, inquiry;" Old Irish gnath
"known;" German kennen "to know," Gothic kannjan "to make known."
rage (n.)
c. 1300, "madness, insanity; fit of frenzy; anger, wrath; fierceness in battle; violence of storm, fire,
etc.," from Old French rage, raige "spirit, passion, rage, fury, madness" (11c.), from Medieval Latin
rabia, from Latin rabies "madness, rage, fury," related to rabere "be mad, rave" (compare rabies,
which originally had this sense), from PIE *rebh- "violent, impetuous" (source also of Old English
rabbian "to rage"). Similarly, Welsh (cynddaredd) and Breton (kounnar) words for "rage, fury"
originally meant "hydrophobia" and are compounds based on the word for "dog" (Welsh ci, plural
cwn; Breton ki). In 15c.-16c. it also could mean "rabies." The rage "fashion, vogue" dates from
1785.

rage (v.)
mid-13c., "to play, romp," from rage (n.). Meanings "be furious; speak passionately; go mad" first
recorded c. 1300. Of things from 1530s. Related: Raged; raging.

attachment (n.)
c. 1400, "arrest of a person on judicial warrant" (mid-13c. in Anglo-Latin), from Anglo-French
attachement, from Old French attacher "to attach" (see attach). Application to property (including,
later, wages) dates from 1590s; meaning "sympathy, devotion" is recorded from 1704; that of
"something that is attached to something else" dates from 1797 and has become very common since
the rise of e-mail.

attach (v.)
mid-14c. (mid-13c. in Anglo-Latin), "to take or seize (property or goods) by law," a legal term, from
Old French atachier "fasten; arrest" (11c.), earlier estachier "to attach, fix; stake up, support"
(Modern French attacher, also compare Italian attaccare), from a- "to" (see ad-) + base also found in
detatch, perhaps from Frankish *stakon "a post, stake" or a similar Germanic word, from Proto-
Germanic *stakon- "a stake," from PIE root *steg- (1) "pole, stick" (see stake (n.)).

Meaning "to fasten, affix, connect," which probably is the original sense etymologically, is attested
in English from c. 1400. Related: Attached; attaching.

ad-
word-forming element expressing direction toward or in addition to, from Latin ad "to, toward" in
space or time; "with regard to, in relation to," as a prefix, sometimes merely emphatic, from PIE
root *ad- "to, near, at."

Simplified to a- before sc-, sp- and st-; modified to ac- before many consonants and then re-spelled
af-, ag-, al-, etc., in conformity with the following consonant (as in affection, aggression). Also
compare ap- (1).

In Old French, reduced to a- in all cases (an evolution already underway in Merovingian Latin), but
written forms in French were refashioned after Latin in 14c. and English did likewise 15c. in words
it had picked up from Old French. In many cases pronunciation followed the shift. Over-correction
at the end of the Middle Ages in French and then English "restored" the -d- or a doubled consonant
to some words that never had it (accurse, afford). The process went further in England than in
France, where the vernacular sometimes resisted the pedantic, resulting in English adjourn,
advance, address, advertisement (Modern French ajourner, avancer, adresser, avertissement). In
modern word-formation sometimes ad- and ab- are regarded as opposites, but this was not in
classical Latin.