Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
31
a 75o
WHITE'S
cien c Pand
RADIO
LOG
electronics AM Stations
Worldwide SW
Police /Emergency
W'I4EIiMENTER
Shutterbug special
S I E's UNIVERSAL
DARKROOM TIMER O.
controls enlarger on time
clocks any tray operation
LUS
BUDGET BUILD -ITS
97 -cent Hard -Rock Fuzz Box
EGNSS
X11-- -
HE SKIES ABOVE US
S /E's roving report on what's what in outer space
Dazzle your friends with lightworks.
..;
Sound n' Color Translators Strobe Lites
. "1.
-4 :A 11 R
r w
.
"w'_1if:- *PP IMO
-
..
. n 1-- r ir) -Wa t 9'7!e Stereo
9.59 .. t -3_ :n - 17^el Cr,rlna
,1399,.. -d
co F
,-Ir16F'r ..
, s
EICO 240 Solid -State EICO 379 Solid -Slate EICO 242 Solid -State FICO 150 Solid -Stale EICO 330 Solid -State
FET-TVOM Sine / Sonare Wave Gene't'e r Deluxe FET -TVOM Signal Tracer RF Signal Generator
549.95 kJ. 569 95 e.ired 554 95 k !. 574 95 ear. 159.95 kit, 579 95 r. red 549.95 kit. $69.95 -.:red 559.95 kit, 579.95 wired
You save up to 50% with EICO Kits. Since 1945, Best Buys in Electronics. Over 3 Million EICO Instruments Now in Use.
Sound too good to be true? We assure This course opens a tremendous future
you it is all true, and you can prove it to for you. Full -time, part -time, your own busi-
your own satisfaction within a few days! ness. You've got a whole new career to
This course can stand up to any TV training gain- nothing to lose!
you can get anywhere, at any price and
Send the coupon- today!
the cost is incredibly low. ICS, Scranton, Pa. 18515
National Electronic Associations agree. International Correspondence Schools
They found the ICS course so thorough, so Division of Inte4
helpful, easy -to -grasp that they approved
it for use in their own apprenticeship train- ICS, Scranton, Pa. 18515
Rush me free information on TV Servicing) under-
ing program! stand there is no obligation.
t
Science and
ec onlcs
SCIENCE SPECIALS
* 44 The Skies Above Us -an
introduction to prowling the galaxies
46 San Onofre's Fabulous 450-Southern California's unique, nuclear- powered
generating station
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
* 35 Universal Darkroom Timer -an all- solid -state device that tunes prints and
negatives with great accuracy and no moving parts
* 41 Penny Pincher's Police Convertor-easy to build, low -cost convertor for
listening to fire and police calls
* 61 Sn /Fe Moving-Vane Ammeter-works on AC or DC
* 67 97 -Cent Hard -Rock Fuzz Box -add fuzz to your amplified guitar
* 79 Perpetual Motion Freq Standard -an
electronic tuning fork
SCIENCE AND ELECTRONICS FEATURES
* 31 Light Powers This Liquid Semiconductor -experiment with the primitive
photoelectric cell
73 Tallest Tower -newest design in self- supporting towers
78 Famous Patents- Marconi's four-circuit tuning patent
COMM UNICATIONS- SWL /CB /HAM
49 Their Time Is Your Time -standard time stations 'round the world
56 Saturday Morning Ham -In- suburban Philadelphia hams at an early age
76 Ham Traffic -watch not, have not
LAB CHECKS
59 Heathkit Model IG -28 Color Bar and Dot Generator
65 EICO Cortina Model 3150 Integrated Stereo Amplifier
71 Univox- Super-Fuzz Guitar Fuzzbox
SCIENCE SHORTIES
30 The Precision Approach -cartoon page
40 Did You Know That . .-
keeping up to date on the latest happenings
.
Highlights ABC
Model 450K4 3 in 1
Model 199K,
Al -Purpose soldering kit
5 pc. kit
130 watt "instant heat" soldering gun for wiring, appliance WEN exclusive single post design gives long reach & clear
repair, radio, T.V., etc. Kit includes: solder gun with long view of work. Automatic heat conurol for all soldering
nosed tip, 1 tip for cutting plastic and removing putty, jobs. 3 interchangeable tips -3 separate heat ranges, 25-
1 flat iron tip for removing dents from wood 100 watts. 100 -200 watts, 200 -450 watts.
and heat sealing, 5 ft. solder, attractive
heavy gauge metal case.
=g95 Handsome molded plastic carrying case.
Mfg. Sugg. List
Mfg. Sugg. List
5
OCTOBER -NOVEMBER, 1969
NEW AND IMPORTANT
SAMS BOOKS
Science and
ALL -NEW EDITION OF THE FAMOUS
AUDIO CYCLOPEDIA
Electrbnics
Completely revised 2nd Edition -the most comprehen-
sive reference now available on audio -by the renowned JULIAN M. SIENKIEWICZ, WA2CQL
authority, Dr. Howard W. Tremaine. Fully covers every
phase of the subject, including all the latest develop- Editor -in -Chief
ments, right down to the newest solid -state and inte-
grated circuits. Contains authoritative, concise explan- RICHARD A. FLANAGAN, KQD2566
ations of thousands of topics in the fields of acoustics,
recording, and reproduction. Virtually a complete refer- Managing Editor
ence library on the audio art in a single volume
Order 20675, only $29.95
CHARLES S. HARRIS
Technical Editor fr
Transistor Substitution Handbook. New 9th Ed.
Fully updated. Lists thousands of direct substitutions; HELEN PARKER, KQD7967
includes basing diagrams and polarity indications. Cov-
ers manufacturers of all transistor types, providing sub- News Editor
stitutions for U.S. and foreign home entertainment,
industrial, and military types. Order 20705, only $1.95
JIM MEDLER
Know Your VOM -VTVM. 2nd Ed. Art Editor and Associate Art Director
Explains VOM's, VTVM's and solid -state electronic
voltmeters in language anyone can understand. In-
cludes full explanations of the circuitry, uses, care ARTHUR S. COOKFAIR; ERNEST A. KEHR;
and repair of the instruments. Explains how to under-
stand electrical measurements. Order 20676, on /y.$3.50 MARSHALL LINCOLN, K9KTL /W7DQS;
73 Dipole and Long -Wire Antennas ROY K. MARSHALL, PH.D.; JACK SCHMIDT
Describes virtually every type of wire antenna; includes
dimensions, configuration, and construction data for 73 Contributing Editors
different types, plus appendices describing construction
and operation of noise bridges and antenna line tun-
ers, measuring data, etc.
Order 65071, (Editors & Engineers) only $4.50 JOSEPH A. D'AMATO, Art Director
Using and Understanding Unijunction Transistors IRVING BERNSTEIN, Cover Art Director
Explains the construction, operation, and characteris- MARGARET R. GOTTLIEB, Art Associate
tics of the unijunction transistor (UJT). Shows applica- JIM CAPPELLO, Advertising Director
tions and circuits employing UJT's. Separate chapters
describe the use of UJT's as oscillators, voltage con- CARL BARTEE, Production Director
trols, time delays and flashers, and in sensing circuits.
Order 20720, only $2.50 GERTRUD BORCHARDT, Production Manager
MARILYN VARGAS, Assistant Production Manager
RTL Cookbook
Explains the principles and use of RTL (Resistor -Tran- WILFRED M. BROWN, Instruments Division Manager
sistor Logic) digital integrated circuits. Provides the
experimenter with an understanding of RTL integrated
circuits as they are used in everyday electronic proj-
ects. Shows how these circuits work and how to design B.G. DAVIS, Chairman of the Board
with them. Order 20715, only $5.25 JOEL DAVIS, President and Publisher
RECENT BESTSELLING BOOKS LEONARD F. PINTO,
Tube Substitution Handbook. 12th Ed. 20700... .61.75 Vice-President and General Manager
How to Build Speaker Enclosures. 20520 3 50
Citizens Band Radio Handbook. 3rd Ed. 20569....4.25 VICTOR C. STABILE, KBP0681,
Color -TV Servicing Guide. 20358 4 25 Vice-President and Treasurer
Tape Recorders -How They Work. 2nd Ed. 20445..4.50
How to Repair Major Appliances. 20650 4 95
ROGER G. CAVANAGH,
Short -Wave Listener's Guide. 3rd Ed. 20695 2 25 Circulation and Marketing Director
- - --HOWARD W. SAMS & CO., INC.- - -- SCIENCE AND ELECTRONICS and RADIO -TV EXPERIMENTER Vol. I
Big, new 100 -page handbook packed with with built-in filter- eliminatee hrmf shorten Edmund kit. Won't deteriorate when leftdrops dis-
facie, loaded with illustrations. All latest wave ultraviolet rays. Use to identify min- charged. Minimum maintenance-few
developments, applications, equipment. Cov- erals, fungi, bacteria-check for surface flaws, of water per year. Rugged, hock- and -vibra-
ers trobes, sources, black light, projectors, oil and gee leakage-perfect for displays with nylon
crystal and organic slides, color orgy mir- fluorescent paper,
paper paints, chalk. crayons. trace charged, filled h electrolyte.ve3t/' x2 "x6e.
rors polarized color, screens, light boxes. powder. Incl. aluminum reflector, 2 lb.
MusicVision, etc. Rare find for bulginess, push -pull switch, connecting plug. Mount Stock No. 70,942HP (battery)...$15.00 Ppd.
houses, vert., horr., or on corner. 10" L., 11/2" W.,
bons..experimenters, [hobbyists. 1' c1" 1t/z" H.
Stock No. 70,304NP
Stock No. 70,807HP (charger kit) $5.00 Ppd.
Stock No. 41,109EH (cell) $3.95 Ppd.
loot:eleaf paper punched to fit 3 ring binder $12.50 Ppd.
add new developments as they happen. No. 00,124H (Replacement Bulb) $4.50 Ppd.
Stock No. 9100HP $3.00 Ppd. GIANT FREE CATALOG
148 PAGES! MORE THAN 4,000 "
UNUSUAL BARGAINS!
Completely new 1969
edition. New items,
categories. illustrations.
Dozens of electrical and
electromagnetic parts.
accessories. Enormous
selection of Astronomi-
cal Telescopes, Micro-
scopes, Binoculars.
Magnifiers, Magnets.
Lenses, Prisms. Many war surplus
items: for hobbyists. experimenters.
NEWI LOW -COST COLOR ORGAN workshop, factory. Mail coupon for
Create tremendous variety of unusual and catalog "HP." EDMUND SCIENTIFIC
ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE KITS beautiful effects. Simply plug In 3 dill. sets CO., 300 EDSCORP BUILDING, BAR -
of colored lights and place near audio source. RINGTON, N.J. 08007
e stn mirror for powerful
Grind your tele-
pyrex mir- Notes picked up by interior "mike" deter-
ror blank, tool, abrasives, diagonal mirror mine which colored lights go on- loudness
and eyepiece lenses. You build instrument determines intensity. Surprising number of Name
valued from $75.00 up. commercial, display and home uses- control
Stork No. Diam. Thickness Price lighting in pools and fountain., window and
70,003HP 41/4" 3" $9.75 Ppd.
holiday decorations, great for parties. Tough,
compact with light intensity control. Address
70,004HP 0 1" 13.95 Ppd. x nit r h ". 1 lb. 8 on.
70,005HP
7090811F
70.107HP
8"
10"
12h"
1a/a"
1a/e"
21/a"
21.00 Ppd.
34.25 F.O.B.
65.85 F.O.B.
Stock No. 1900HP
4 Channel De Luxe 2,000 Watt
Stock No. 71,1031IP
$39.95 Ppd.
$195.00 Ppd.
City State Zip,
ORDER BY STOCK NUMBER SEND CHECK OR MONEY. ORDER MONEY -BACK GUARANTEE
300 EDSCORP BUILDING
EDMUND SCIENTIFIC CO BARRINGTON. NEW JERSEY 08007
and handling charge. (If you prefer you may use our Easy Payment Plan.) If not
remit $47.50 plus postage and han- satisfactory, I may return for cancellation of account.
dling charge. (If you prefer you may Name
use our Easy Payment Plan.) If not
Address
completely satisfied, return to us, City Zone State
no explanation necessary. Save Money! Check here and enclose $47.50 with this coupon and we will pay all shipping
and charges. You still retain the privilege of returning after 10 day trial for Lull refund.
The GD -48 is highly sensitive, probes to 6 feet, and has an adjustable sensitivity NEW
control. Its built -in speaker signals presence of metal; front panel meter gives Kit GD -48
visual indication. Other features include built -in headphone jack, telescoping
shaft for height adjustment, smartly styled and smartly designed for easy
in- $5995*
hand use and easy assembly. Whether you're an amateur weekend hobbyist or
a professional treasure hunter the GD -48 is for you ...
also a great help to
contractors, surveyors, Gas, Electric, Telephone and other public Utility Com-
2000
panies. 4 lbs. GDA -48 -1, 9 Volt Battery $1,30'; GD -396, Headphones,
ohm (Superes) $3.50*
11
OCTOBER- NOVEMBER, 1969
_525257_52 52 52.5?5252525252'
Volume I, which concentrates on the basic
hi -fi and stereo equipment, opens with a brief
but very thorough discussion of acoustics. Writ-
ten clearly, concisely, it gives the reader an ex-
cellent background, including the often over-
looked relationship between enclosure, speaker
BOOKMARK and listening area. Criteria are given for select-
ing the various types of speakers. Cutting
BY BOOKWORM through the confusing array of enclosure types
and sub -types the book tells just how different
52.5-65252525252.52 kinds of enclosures affect sound, and which
kinds are particularly effective in given situa-
tions. Headphones, preamplifiers, amplifiers,
m Here's Howl Don't take a back seat to any tuners and receivers are then discussed, showing
(w
Sun of a Gun!
This new movie light unit from Sylvania is
named the Sun Gun, is designed for 8 and 16
mm movie cameras, and operates on 9 nickel
cadmium energy sources in a separate power
pack that weighs only 3 lb. Each energy source
has a running time of 10 minutes or approxi-
mately two 50 -ft. rolls of movie film when bat-
teries are fully charged. The energy power Bell & Howell Road Runner Cassette Kit
packs can be fully recharged in 60 minutes cial prerecorded cassette tape bonus offer. The
with a separate recharger. The Sun Gun fea- package comes in a sturdy travel carton with
tures a beam selector in the back of the light handle and sells for $38.88. If you bought the
head so you can regulate the light beam from elements separately they would come to $45.00.
spot to flood even when shooting. The total The Road Runner cassette features touch con-
light output on the spot position is 15,000 cen- trol for fast forward, play or stop, easy drop -in
ter beam candle power and 7,000 center beam cassette loading, and a rugged case. You can, of
candle power at the flood position. The light course, use all standard cassette tapes in the
Road Runner. At your local dealer or write to
Bell & Howell, Video and Audio Products Div.,
7235 N. Linder Ave., Skokie, III. 60076.
lb., and the price is $129.95 with a one -year do more jobs with
guarantee. Write to Avanti Research & Devel- fewer tools.
opment, Inc.. 33 -35 W. Fullerton Ave., Addi-
son, 111. 60101.
Skywatch by Ear
Heath Company has ,a new portable aircraft
monitor receiver, the GR -98, which tunes from
108 -136 MHz. With it you can hear commer-
cial and private aircraft, airport control towers, PS -89 SET
air control conversations, and many other air- 8 midgets (hex size .028"
craft- related signals. There's a six -to -one ver- thru /8 ") plus hollow,
1
nier tuning control, a built -in whip antenna, "piggyback" handle. Slim, trim,
40 -kHz selectivity and 1.5 -uV sensitivity for see -thru plastic case fits
a 10 dB signal -to -noise ratio. Another feature pocket or tool box,
is adjustable squelch control, and, for those doubles as bench
stand.
-"N
ELECTRONIC O 0 o o
5V t PLY
MART REQUEST COMPLETE HAND TOOL CATALOG
which includes information on other Xcelite Compact Sets,
too -slot tip /Phillips /Scrulox' screwdrivers, nutdrivers,
and combinations.
Nationwide availability through local distributor
r-- -
name
address
city state & zip
L
In Canada contact Charles W. Pointon, Ltd.
15
OCTOBER- NOVEMBER, 1969
NEW PRODUCTS
Heathkit GR -98
Aircraft Monitor Receiver
For your FREE copy, fill out coupon and mall. Dept. TV
FAIR RADIO SALES
1105 LIMA, OHIO 45802
1016 E. EUREKA Box
17
OCTOBER -NOVEMBER, 1969
sAt**iY**** ;; ***************************************Id
the voltage is too low. Do 1 have to add an AC
input voltage control?
-A. M., Santa Barbara, Calif.
ORIGINAL
ANOTHER
ASK ME FROM
EXPERIMENTER RECTIFIER
RADIO-TV
OUTPUT
SOUTH
229 PARK AVENUE
NEW YORK, N.
.4(
MODIFIED
It's Zapped!
Everytime my amplifier is turned on, the 6X5
rectifier tube burns out. What gives?
-R. L. F., Middletown, N. Y.
Undoubtedly the input filter capacitor (see
diagram) is shorted. Replace it with one of the Try a resistor in series with input capacitor
same value in microfarads. The same trouble Cl. Try various values until the output voltage
iscorrect. The resistor will probably have to be
a wire wound type rated at 10 watts or more.
logs of Lafayette Radio, Allied Radio, and type UX199 tubes. Where can 1 get replace-
Radio Shack for some good buys. ment tubes? Our local stores don't have them.
-L.
J. E., Everett, Wash.
Get information on the phone by dialing
Show Some Resistance 206 -MA 4-2341 or order direct by mail from
1 am having trouble getting the right voltage Seattle Radio Supply, 2117 Second Avenue,
out of a DC power supply. When 1 use a ca- Seattle, Wash. 98121. The Company advertises
pacitor input circuit, the voltage is too high. that they have lots of old tubes (199, 12A, 483,
When 1 disconnect the input filter capacitor, etc.) and sell them at $3.00 each.
18 .SCIENCE A ND ELECTRONICS, formerly RADIO -TV EXPERIMENTER
THOUSANDS OF BARGAINS
ELPARTSNIC
TOP VALUES IN
Achtung! HI -FI,
have seen a relatively new Grundig radio Transistors, Modules, C. B., Speaker, Stereo, Parts.
1
Photo Cells and Thousands of Other Electronic
in a local drug store. The owner got it out-of- Send for FREE Catalogue
state from a fellow who needed the money.
Whom can I contact to obtain Grundig sales ELECTRONIC DISTRIBUTORS INC.
information? I am interested in AM and FM
stereo plus short wave reception. EDI
-R. B. V., Montgomery, Ala. Dept. TA -2, 4900 Elston
Chicago, III. 60630
Write to Grundig Electronic Sales, 355 Lex- RUSH CATALOGUE
ington Avenue, New York City. Name
Address
City
Going Abroad State Zip Code
In recent months I have obtained quite a few
2S transistors. I hare found no reference
to
such types in magazines or books and would TREASURE
buried gold, silver,
Find
like to know if they are interchangeable with coins, treasures.
(or the same as) 2Ns. If not, please give me 5 Powerful models.
some information on them. Write for free catalog
-D. S., Liberty, Mo. 95
Get a copy of the Datadex Transistor Refer-
ence Book for $3.95 from IRC. Inc., 401 N.
RELCO
DEPT.
C -58
you can pass the test. Start studying. A sensible way to protect
Back to School (and preserve) your copies of
know next to nothing about radio or elec-
1
SCIENCE AND ELECTRONICS
formerly
tronics, but would like to learn. I saw an ad in
RADIO -TV EXPERIMENTER
your magazine on kits. Would I be able to gain
enough basic knowledge from assembling these
,,,.,,1111,,,,1,,,,,,
,,,,,,.,,,,.,,.,,,,,.......,.,...11111,,,,,,,,1,,,,,1,,,,,,,111,1,,,11,,,11111,1111,1,,,,,,,,,0,,,,,,,1,,,,,,.,,,,,1
P. 0. Box 5120
Please send me
-
To: JESSE JONES BOX CORP.
Dept. D - Philadelphia, Pa. 19141
SCIENCE AND ELECTRONICS Library
Cases at $3.50 each. I understand this price includes
postage, packing and handling. (e 3 Library Cases for
$10.00, 6 for $19.00.) My check (or money order) for
is enclosed.
C
NAME (PLEASE. PRINT)
ADDRESS
"A cable from Uncle Willie? I didn't CITY STATE ZIP
know he went abroad!" Note: Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.
Allow 3 weeks for delivery.
19
OCTOBER- NOVEMBER, 1969
ASK ME ANOTHER ***r* r*** *r*** ******* **** * * ****** ***
kits to go on to more advanced projects, or with a voltage drop of less than a volt across
would I be better ofj to start out some other the diode.
way? Connect a DC voltmeter across D and try
-S. G. K., Wichita, Kansas various values of R (during no- signal condi-
Building kits is a good way to get some prac- tion) so that the diode will not be forward -
tical experience. But, take a home -study course biased and therefore conduct. For C2, use a
or go to a resident school to learn theory and high value electrolytic. If ungrounded output
to get guidance. There's nothing like school for is positive instead of negative, reverse the po-
learning. larity of the diode and of C2.
-----.1110
RECTIFIER
u VW . R
TO
AMPLIFIER
T' T2
You might try adding additional power sup-
ply filtering by adding capacitor C2, diode D
and resistor R, as shown in the diagram. Ca-
pacitor CI is the existing output filter capaci-
tor. When there is no audio signal going
through the amplifier, power supply current is
low, the diode does not conduct, and filter sec-
tion R /C2 reduces power supply ripple. When
power supply current rises, the diode conducts, "I rather fight than switch!"
shorting R, and allowing heavy current to flow
NATIONAL
CAR RENTAL
1969 21
OCTOBER -NOVEMBER.
ASK ME ANOTHER ****************Itrtrtr
ust
about everybody dabbles
in electronics!
tenna like the 75 -foot long wire in my attic
which I use for SW. This is my problem. How
do 1 go about coupling the antenna to the
S -120? I've tried connecting it to the antenna
terminal on the back, but the results were very
poor. The antenna boosted signals, but 1 got
hets, a high- pitched tone, and strong locals all
over the band. Also, when 1 tune in a strong
Why not you? local (on the right frequency) the audio is very
distorted. Connecting the antenna to the ferrite
bar antenna netted me the same results. How
can I couple the antenna to the S -120 so that
it works for BCB? Also, how can I eliminate
the ferrite bar antenna completely, and just use
the antenna?
-W. W., Chicago, Ill.
121E6
CONVERTER
Here's a magazine that serves up elec- Your receiver's schematic diagram shows
tronic theory in pleasant spoonfuls that when an external antenna is connected to
the antenna terminal the long wire ant signal
and reinforces the knowledge you is fed to a tap on the internal ferrite antenna,
gain with exciting and useful projects which is as it should be. In Chicago, in the
you can build at home today! This proximity of lots of high power radio signals,
you can expect the problems you encountered.
fine magazine will be delivered to There's just too much signal being pumped into
your mailbox at the special rate of the receiver input. You could try adding a man-
just $3.00 for six issues. Order now! ual RF gain /level control, as shown in the sim-
plified diagram. Break the circuit at "X" and
connect a 5000 -ohm pot and an 0.1 F capaci-
ELEMENTARY ELECTRONICS tor as shown by dotted lines.
Dept. 113
229 Park Ave., South, New York, N.Y. 10003
He Gets the Image
Begin my subscription to ELEMENTARY ELECTRONICS
My small, portable eight- transistor radio
at your special low-subscription rate of $3.00.
picks up CW signals on 930 kHz and at
(Outside USA & Canada, add $1.00 for postage & handling)
about 690 kHz when I'm at Newport Beach.
Bill me Money enclosed
With my communications receiver operating
(No stamps please)
in the 200-400 kHz band, I hear CW signals
Name exactly the same as on the BCB except that
(please pnat) they are much stronger. Could you please
Address explain this?
-L. C. Tucson, Ariz.
i City State lip It could be that the signals from the CW
station are being heterodyned with a signal
22 SCIENCE AND ELECTRONICS, formerly RADIO -TV EXPERIMENTER
from a strong BCB station. For example, if Not all good things
a CW signal on 290 kHz beats with a BCB
station on 640 kHz their sum frequency
would be 930 kHz. You would hear the CW
signal as an audio tone since the sum fre-
disappear...
quency and the carrier of the BCB station
on 930 kHz would not be exactly the same.
Also, the 290-kHz signal beating with a 980 -
kHz BCB signal would produce a beat at
690 kHz.
These may no be the actual conditions that
existed when you heard the CW signals, but
the principles are the same. The CW signals
could have come from a beacon, Naval, or
commercial shore station, or from a nearby
ship.
These signals will produce a beat if the
first stage of your receiver is non- linear-
which would be the case if it has no RF stage Though Radio -TV Experimenter -the old-
ahead of it. If it has one, the RF stage est name on the newsstands for a small -
could be overloading or be biased improper- size electronics magazine -is passing
ly for linear operation. into history like the 5c beer, its new name,
SCIENCE AND ELECTRONICS, will con-
tinue to serve its readers in the spirit and
Cheapy Q Checker tradition of the old.
The only test equipment I have is a VOM. Any dramatic changes? Not really, for you
How can ! test the transistors in my radio see the editorial coverage for Radio -TV
with it? Experimenter has been science and elec-
-T. I., Duluth, Minn. tronics for several years.
Look for a bright new future with SCIENCE
Connect the negative lead of the VOM AND ELECTRONICS, for with its new
(set to measure DC volts) to the collector of descriptive name many new readers in-
a pnp transistor and the positive lead to its terested in the varied esoteric corners of
emitter. If it is an npn transistor, the VOM electronics and science will join our ranks.
leads should be just the reverse. Finally, use And with greater numbers, the Editors of
a clip lead and short the base to the emitter. SCIENCE AND ELECTRONICS can serve
If the voltage increases, the transistor is ac- you better. There'll be bigger and better
tive and you're in business. But, let's be hon- stories; varied construction projects for
est -you need a transistor tester. hobby, home, and lab; fun items just for
relaxing. Look for it on your newsstand or,
better yet, enter your subscription now.
r
Mail today to Dept. 114
Science and
'Electronics
229 Park Ave. So., New York, N.Y. 10003
23
OCTOBER -NOVEMBER, 1969
LITERATURE
11111111111111 10. Bursteln- Applebee offers a new 116. Pep-up your CB rig's perform-
giant catalog containing 100s of big ance with Turner's M +2 mobile mi-
pages crammed with savings includ- crophone. Get complete spec sheets
ing hundreds of bargains on hi -fi kits, and data on other Turner mikes.
power tools, tubes, and parts.
48.
*11. Now available from EDI (Elec- log isHy- Gain's new CB antenna cata-
packed full of useful informa-
tronic Distributors, Inc.): a catalog tion and product data that every
containing hundreds of electronic CBer should know. Get a copy.
items. ED! will be happy to place
you on their mailing list. 111. Get the scoop on Versa- Tronics'
Versa -Tenna with instant magnetic
*6. Bargains galore, that's what's in mounting. Antenna models available
store! Poly -Paks Co. will send you for CBers, hams and mobile nits
their latest 8 -page flyer chock -full of from 27 MHz to 1000 MHz.
Poly -Paks' new $1.00 electronic and
scientific "blis -dor" paks and equip- 45. CBers, Hams, $WLs-get your
ment. copy of World Radio Labs' 1969 cata-
log. If you're a wireless nut or ex-
23. No electronics bargain hunter perimenter, you'll take to this catalog.
should be caught without the 1969
copy of Radio Shack's catalog. Some
equipment and kit offers are so low, *101. If it's a CB product, chances
they look like misprints. Buying is are International Crystal has it listed
believing. in their colorful catalog. Whether kit
or wired, accessory or test gear, this
CB- oriented company can be relied
CB-- AMATEUR RADIO on to fill the bill.
ELECTRONIC PARTS SHORTWAVE RADIO 103. Squires- Sanders would like you
*2. Now, get the all -new 512 -page, 102. No never mind what brand to know about their CB transceivers,
fully illustrated Lafayette Radio 1969 your CB set is. Sentry has the crystal the "23'er" and the new "SSS." Also,
catalog. Discover the latest in CB you need. Same goes for ham rigs. CB accessories that add versatility to
gear, test equipment, ham gear, tools, Seeing is believing, so get Sentry's their 5- watters.
books, hi -fi components and gifts. catalog today. Circle 102.
Do it now!
146. It may be the first -Gil /er's spe- TOOLS
*5. Edmund Scientific's new cata- ciality catalog catering to the SWL.
Books, rigs, what -nots-everything you *78.
log contains over 4000 products that Xcelite's midget hex socket
embrace many interests and fields. It's screwdrivers
need for your listening post. Go Gilfer, let you makein delicateXcelite's PS -89 set
a 148 -page buyers' guide for Science circle 1461 adjustments
Fair fans. easier. "Piggyback" handle adds grip,
100. You can get increased CB jobs.
reach, and power needed for other
*4. 0/son's catalog isa multi -colored range and clarity using the "Cobra-
newspaper that's packed with more 23" transceiver with speech compres- 118.
bargains than a phone book has sor-receiver sensitivity is excellent. wires, Secure coax cables, speaker
names. Don't believe us? Get a copy. Catalog sheet will be mailed by B &K staple gun phone wires, etc., with Arrow
Division of Dynascan Corporation. tackers. 3 models for wires
*1. Allied's catalog is so widely used and cables from dho" to th" dia. Get
as a reference book that it's regarded 141. Newly-designed CB antenna fact-full Arrow literature.
as a standard by people in the elec-
tronics industry. Don't you have the catalog by Antenna Specialists has
1969 Allied Radio catalog? The sur- been sectionalized to facilitate the
picking of an antenna or accessory ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS
prising thing is that it's free! from a handy index system. Man, 143. Bring new life to your hobby.
*7. Before you build from scratch, Antenna Specialists makes the pickin' Exciting plans for new projects -let
check the Fair Radio Sales latest cat- easy. Electronics Hobby Shop give you the
alog for electronic gear that can be dope. Circle 143, now.
modified to your needs. Fair way to 130. Bone up on the CB with the
save cash, latest Sams books. Titles range from *44. Kit builder? Like wired prod-
"ABC's of CB Radio" to "99 Ways EICO's 1969 catalog takes care
8. Get it now! John Meshna, Jr.'s to Improve your CB Radie." So Cir- ucts? both breeds of buyers. 32 pages
new 96 -page catalog is jam packed cle 130 and get the facts from Sams. of full of hi -fi, test, CB, ham, SWL, au-
with surplus buys -surplus radios,
new parts, computer parts, etc. 107. Want a deluxe CB base sta- tomotive and hobby kits and products
tion? Then get the specs on Tram's -do you have a copy?
*140. How cheap is cheap? Well, all new Titan I1 -it's the SSB /AM rig
take a gander at Cornell Electronics' you've been waiting for! *42. Here's colorful 116 page catalog
latest catalog. It's packed with bar- containing a wide assortment of elec-
gains like 6W4, I2AX7, 5U4, etc., 96. Get your copy of E. F. John- tronic kits. You'll find something for
tubes for only 33e. You've got to see son's new booklet, "Can Johnson 2- any interest, any budget. And Heath
this one to believe it! Way Radio Help Me ?" Aimed for Co. will happily send you a copy.
business use, the booklet is useful to
*135. Get with ICs! RCA's new everyone. 144. Hear today the organ with the
integrated Circuit Experimenter's Kit "Sound -of- Tomorrow," the Melo-
KD2112 is the first of its kind and
should be a part of your next project.
129. Boy, oh boy -if you want to Sonic by Whippany Electronics. It's
read about a flock of CB winners, get portable -take it anywhere. Send for
Get all the facts direct from RCA. your hands on Lafayette's new 1969 pics and descriptive literature.
Circle 135. catalog. Lafayette has CB sets for all
pocketbooks. 12. C. B. Hanson new Automatic
106. With 70 million TV and 240 Control records both sides of a tele-
million radios somebody somewhere 46. Pick up Hallicrafters' new four - phone call automatically -turns off
will need a vacuum tube replacement page illustrated brochure describing automatically, too! Get all the details
at the rate of one a second! Get Hallicrafters' line of monitor receivers -today!
Universal Tube Co.'s Troubleshooting -police, fire, ambulance, emergency,
Chart and facts on their $1.50 flat weather, business radio, all yours at 126. Did you dig Delta's new litera-
rate per tube. the flip of a dial. ture package chucked full of pics and
specs on such goodies as an FET- 114. Prepare for tomorrow by 1969 stereo consoles. Discover how to
VOM, SCR ignition system, compu- studying at home with Technical pick a hi -fi console for your living
terized auto tach, hi- voltage analyzer, Training International. Get the facts room.
etc.? Man, then let Delta know you're today on how you can step up in
alive! Circle 126 now! your present job. TAPE RECORDERS AND TAPE
109. Seco offers a line of specialized 137. For success in communica- 14. You just gotta get Craig's new
and standard test equipment that's tions, broadcasting and electronics get pocket -size, full -color folder illustrat-
ideal for the home experimenter and your First Class FCC license and ing what's new in home tape record-
pro. Get specs and prices today. Grantham School of Electronics will ers- reel -to -reel, cartridge and cas-
show you how. Interesting booklets sette, you name it! It looks like a
9. Troubleshooting without test gear? are yours for the asking. who's who for the tape industry.
Get with it -let Accurate Instrument
clue you in on some great buys. Why 123. Yours for the asking- Elpa's
do without? new "The Tape Recording Omni -
HI -FI /AUDIO book." 16 jam -packed pages on facts
You can't hear FM stereo un- and tips you should know about be-
145. Alco Electronic Products has 28 104. your FM antenna can pull 'em in. fore you buy a tape recorder.
circuit ideas using their remote control less more and discover what's avail-
relay. Get 100- and -one odd jobs done Learn
at home without calling an electrician. able from Finco's 6 -pages "Third Di- All the facts about Concord
31.
Get all the facts today! mensional Sound." Electronics Corp. tape recorders are
yours for the asking in a free book-
119. Kenwood puts it right on the let.
Portable, battery operated to four-
SCHOOLS AND EDUCATIONAL track, fully transistorized stereos cov-
line. The all -new Kenwood FM-stereo er every recording need.
*136. You can become an electrical receivers are described in a colorful
engineer only if you take the first 16 -page booklet complete with easy -
step. Circle 136 and ICS will send to-read- and -compare spec data. Get 34. "All the Best from Sony" Super- is an
your copy today! 8 -page booklet describing Sony-
you their free illustrated catalog de- scope products -tape recorders, mi-
scribing 17 special programs. ICS
also has practical electrical courses
that'll increase your income.
30. Shure's business is hi -fi -
tridges, tone arms, and headphone
crophones, tape and accessories. Get
car- a copy today before you buy!
amps. Make it your business to know 35. If you are a serious tape audio-
*74. Get two free books -"How to Shure! phile, you will be interested in the
Get a Commercial FCC License" and
"How to Succeed in Electronics"
from Cleveland Institute of Electron-
- 17. Mikes,
all new Viking /Telex line of quality
speakers, amps, re- tape recorders.
ics. Begin your future today! ceivers -you name it, Electro -Voice
makes it and makes it good. Get the TELEVISION
straight poop from E -V today.
*3. Get all the facts on Progressive 70. Need a new TV set? Then as-
Edu -Kits Home Radio Course. Build 99. Get the inside info on why semble a Heath TV kit. Heath has
20 radios and electronic circuits; all sizes. B &W and color, portable
parts, tools and instructions come Koss /Acoustech's solid -state ampli-
and fixed. Why not build the next
with course. fiers are the rage of the experts. Col- TV you watch?
orful brochure answers all your ques-
tions.
142. Radio-Television Training of
America prepares you for a career -
not a job. 16 big kits help you learn 26. The all new, lavishly-illustrated,
127. National Schools will help you
learn all about color TV as you
assemble their 25 -in. color TV kit.
as you build. 120 lessons. Get all the full -color brochure, "At Home With Just one of National's many exciting
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ADDRESS
CITY
STATE 7IP
electronics?
Lamp1 Lamp 2 Lamp3 Z: 10 volt zener diodes
Are you just a beginner with an interest In Valuable Equipment -Yours To Keep
electronics? Or, are you already making a living A variety of RCA Institutes engineered kits are
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Broadcasting
Marine Communications In the new program on Solid Please send me FREE illustrated career catalog.
State Electronics you will study
Nuclear Instrumentation the effects of temperature and Age
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Solid State
Electronics Drafting L J
29
OCTOBER- NOVEMBER, 1969
PRECISiON by Jack Schmidt
APPROACH
- '? y-CASE
cc
OF FIRE
-''L owl
OR
W.T/E
gIRCN I1NO RED
IEVa
C7:FT
OpVE REO
MOVE RT LL
re<
RFSURE
MTD
couT CORO
-'oeE
SURE
C REO6
IVcKIFo cDMLrt.
O,NEM
RErtM
S nrEyTR/E
pryT:
TliyLS
ONE k, RE
**
"Roger, 4175, it is confirmed ... "Our pulsing sonar shows it to be
. we have you in radar contact!" over 80 feet deep along here."
" . thereby turning off the light * ".. , adjust to 3147.42 kHz, or
when-the closet door is closed!" c give the chassis a rap with a hammer!"
30 SCIENCE AND ELECTRONICS, formerly RADIO -TV EXPERIMENTER
NDUCTOR!
Some copper, some lead, sore water,
spoon-a
iul of che- iical, and you've made a PHOTOCELL!
OR THE PAST few years, solid state electronics have become common-
place. However, back in the Roaring 20s, before the transistor, pioneers in
electronics experimented with many unusual dev ces. One of the most
iiteresting devices a~ this period was the liquid photocell, an inexaensive,
si y made ihotovoitaic cell houses in a glass jar containing
31
OCTOBER-NOVEMBER, 1969
Liquid When a load is connected to the electrodes,
a small DC current flows from the photo-
Semiconductor cell. The amount of DC current is deter-
mined by the internal resistance between
lead electrodes and a liquid electrolyte, lead the copper and lead electrodes through the
nitrate. electrolyte.
A thin coating of copper oxide on the This internal resistance varies with the
copper electrode acts as the photosensitive condition of the copper oxide coating on
element. You can experiment with the liq- the copper electrode, which is the photo-
uid photocell by building this liquid semi- electric sensitive surface. When light strikes
conductor described in the article and in the copper oxide, electrons are emitted, and
the accompanying drawing and photos. Also the internal resistance of the photocell is
included are plans for a variable sensitivity changed. This causes a larger DC current to
meter module that can be used to test DC flow out of the photocell into the load. The
current output of the liquid photocell. amount of light controls the DC current out-
How It Works. When radiant energy, in put; the more light, the more current output
1111/1111111111 11
PLASTIC TOP
(COFFEE JAR TOP)
REAR OF COPPER IS
Details of cell's construction appear in COATED WITH BLACK
PLASTIC TAPE - AFTER
drawing (right) and photo (above). We COPPER HAS FORMED
SPACED APPROX. IN.
APART
used plastic cap supplied with Maxim THE OXIDE (SEE TEXT)
coffee jar to insulate electrodes. Be
sure to cover rear of copper electrode
with plastic tape after oxide forms.
33
OCTOBER- NOVEMBER, 1969
Liquid
Semiconductor
mount it approximately 3/ -in. away from LEAD
the solder as shown in the drawing. Do not
touch the photosensitive surface with your
fingers. LIQUID
PHOTOCELL
Cover the rear of the copper strip with
black plastic tape so that light will strike
only the surface facing the lead electrode
and the light source. METER ASSY. WITH RI SENSITIVITY
CONTROL
Fill the jar with water to just below the Potentiometer R1 is shunt to adjust range of
plastic top, making certain that the water 0 -1 mA meter. It is best viewed as a sensitivity
level is below the end of the machine screws control allowing a wide range of readings.
holding the electrodes to the jar cover. Dis-
solve one teaspoon of lead nitrate in the The photocell has to he aged with the
water. Note: all lead compounds are poi- meter connected, until the dark current (DC
sonous, therefore thoroughly wash your current output with no light) is from 0.3 to
hands and all items that were in contact 0.5 mA. This aging may take anywhere
with the lead nitrate. Lead nitrate can be from several minutes to an hour, depending
obtained from a chemical supply or student upon the quality of the cuprous oxide layer
science store. After the lead nitrate is dis- on the copper electrode.
solved, screw on the plastic cap and elec- Testing the Photocell. Place a 100 -watt
trode assembly. The water should be clear. lamp near the photocell on the side near the
If, because of chemical treatment of your lead electrode. Turn the lamp on and ob-
local water, it does not remain clear after serve that the photocell DC current output
adding the lead nitrate, you may have to increases. Adjust the meter module sensi-
use distilled water to mix with the lead ni- tivity control as necessary for an indication.
trate electrolyte. The amount of current increase will depend
The Photocell Meter. The liquid photo- on the quality of the cuprous oxide layer
cell has a low impedance output; therefore, formed on the copper electrode. Our unit
it requires a low resistance meter for accu- had a 2 mA increase.
rate readings. A 5 -mA milliammeter should Experiment with various lamps of differ-
be used to indicate the change in the DC ent wattages, as well as with fluorescent
current output. A VOM with an equivalent lamps. Also test the photocell in sunlight.
5 -mA range usually has a higher internal Make a chart of the photocell DC output
resistance and will not indicate as well as current readings obtained with the lamp at
the individual meter. different distances from the cell.
Our meter module unit contains a 1 -mA The liquid photocell has a definite life
meter movement with a variable sensitivity span. As it is used, you will notice that the
control connected in parallel with the meter copper electrode becomes darker and the
(see the drawing). We built our module on DC current output from the light source di-
a 4 x 5 -in. piece of fiberboard. Coathanger minishes gradually. This occurs because
wire is bent into a support bracket and is lead is gradually being deposited on the cop-
bolted to the bottom of the fiberboard as per strip through internal electrochemical
shown in the photo. activity.
Connect a 5 -mA milliammeter or the When the DC current output becomes too
meter module, to the photocell terminals as low, remove the copper electrode from the
shown in the drawing. The copper electrode photocell, clean the surface with sandpaper,
is connected to the meter plus terminal and and then reheat the copper strip to form a
the lead one is connected to the meter nega- new oxide coating, as previously described
tive terminal. There may be a high current in the construction of the photocell. Remove
output from the photocell momentarily. If the oxide from the copper with ammonia,
so, short out the photocell terminals (or wash and replace the copper electrode in
turn the meter module sensitivity control to the photocell. In this way the photocell will
minimum resistance) until this output cur- have an indefinite life just by renewing the
rent drops. coating on the copper strip.
34 SCIENCE AND ELECTRONICS, formerly RADIO -TV EXPERIMENTER
COVER STORY
Now!
Control
exposure
time,
development
time,
any
darkroom
function
with
our
-35
OCTOBER -NOVEMBER, 1969
Universal TIMING TABLE
A -For enlarger timing of 0 -7 seconds and
Darkroom process timing of 0-7 minutes
R1- 50,000 -ohm potentiometer
R3- 10- megohm potentiometer
Timer B
C1- 200 -DF, 350 -V electrolytic capacitor
-For enlarger timing of 0.10 seconds
it a Universal Timer, we should also refer and process timing of 0 -10 minutes
to it as a Custom Designed Timer. Reason R1- 50,000-ohm potentiometer
is that with the exchange of just a few criti- R3- 10- megohm potentiometer
cal components the timing cycle ranges can C1- 300 -uF, 350 -V electrolytic capacitor
be tailored to fit your particular darkroom C -For enlarger timing of 0-15 seconds
and process timing of 0.15 minutes
needs.
R1- 100,000 -ohm potentiometer
For example, we prefer never to expose R3- 10- megohm potentiometer
print paper for more than seven seconds C1-400 -uF, 350 -V electrolytic capacitor
when using the enlarger- that's the maxi-
mum exposure time in the process we use.
Also, we never keep negatives in their de- on (allows current flow to pass through),
veloping solutions for more than seven AC current can flow through the bridge
minutes. Since these two ranges represent rectifier (Q2) and the load, or whatever is
the maximum timing cycles we use, we se- plugged into the output sockets. When the
lected the components that produce these SCR is turned off the bridge acts like an
ranges for our timer. The Timing Table in- open switch and no current flows through
cluded with this article gives the proper the load. The balance of the circuit is an
values of the key components for several unique biasing arrangement that adapts the
other timing ranges. switching circuit to function as two different
How It Works. A full -wave silicon con- timers.
trolled rectifier (SCR) switching circuit is Key point to remember in the following
the heart of our timer. When the SCR turns circuit description is that the SCR remains
_1111,1111111,1WU.1,,,,,111111111,1,1111,111111,11111111,1,,,,111111111111111,,,1111111111111,,,1111:,111,,,,111,11,11,,1
,,,,,,,, , ,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,.,,w,.,,iala1w11.,,,,,,
01
ENLARGER
SS1B
R6
T1
D2
ST-2 1800 T ,SSTART
02
02
blk
,o
e 100NF
C2 S1A
t
a
a 10
R3
MEG R1 '(SEE TEXT) 01
gr
R5 TIME TIME a 10681
NC 680K READY
bIk !
grn
R4 r R2 - - 546
FOCUS
1 MEG
4700 S3
Rg TIME
S TIME
S4A
D1 6800
POWER READY R8
HEP 311
Cl 68K
R10
R7 820
(SEE
820
TEXT)
4-4117 VAC
36
on (and the bridge conducts) whenever a timing capacitor Cl is charged to approxi-
current of more than 200 microamps (1/5 mately 200 VDC. Instantly this voltage
of a milliamp) is fed into the gate terminal. sends a substantial amount of current into
The Enlarger Timer. The desired opera- the gate terminal of the SCR, turning it on
tion is that the enlarger lamp will turn on and thus permitting rectifier bridge current
at the touch of a button, remain on for a to flow through the load. Switch SI is a
present time period, then will turn off auto- double pole unit; one section is used to
matically. The desired time period is se- select one of the two convenience outlets
lected by an adjustable control (R1). When to be connected to the timer switching cir-
function switch SI is placed in the ENLARGER cuit. When Si is placed in the ENLARGER
position, the timing circuitry for this func- position, outlet "01 ", labeled ENLARGER, IS
tion is actuated. This is a very straightfor- connected. This is the outlet the Enlarger's
ward operation. power cord is plugged into.
When pushbutton switch S2 is depressed, The SCR remains on as long as the gate
C1- Electrolytic capacitor, 350 volt rating, R4- 1- megohm, r/2 -watt resistor
200 uF (for 0 -7 sec timing) (Cornell Dubilier R5- 680,000 -ohm, 1/2 -watt resistor
BR200 -350 or equiv.); 300 uF (for 0 -10 sec. R6- 1,800 -ohm, 1/2 -watt resistor
timing) (Cornell Dubilier BR300 -350 or R7- 820 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
equiv.); 400 uF (for 0 -15 sec. timing) (Cor- R8- 68,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
nell Dubilier BR400 -350 or equiv.) R9 -6,800 -ohm, I/2 -watt resistor
C2 -100 uF, 250 volt electrolytic capacitor R 10- 820 -ohm, 1/2 -watt resistor
(Cornell Dubilier BR100 -250 or equiv.) Si, S4 -Dpdt toggle switch (Allied 56F3867
D1- Silicon, bilateral trigger diode (Motorola or equiv.)
S2 -Spst, normally open pushbutton switch
HEP 311)
D2 -Diac trigger diode (GE ST -2) (Allied 56F4947 or equiv.)
01, 02-Panel mounting AC socket (Allied 53, S5 -Spst toggle switch (56F3869 or equiv.)
T1 -Power transformer, 117 volt pri.; 125
47F0830 or equiv.)
Q1- Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) (GE volt, 0.15 mA sec. and 6.3 volt, 1 amp.
106B1) sec. (not used) (Allied 54F4163 or equiv.)
Q2- Bridge rectifier (International Rectifier -8
1 x 5 x 3 -in. sloping -front cabinet (Allied
I ODB6A) 42F8686 or equiv.)
R1- Potentiometer, 50,000 ohm for 0 -7 sec. 1- Terminal tie strip (Allied 47F2917 or
and 0 -10 sec. timing (Allied 46E5314 or equiv.)
equiv.); 100,000 ohm for 0 -15 sec. timing
(Allied 46E5317 or equiv.)
-4700 -ohm,
R2 1/2 -watt resistor
wire, solder, cement, fiber-
R3- 10- megohm potentiometer IIRC -CTS D106 Misc.- Hardware,
with shaft 18 or equiv.) glass tape, labels, etc.
37
OCTOBER -NOVEMBER, 1969
it into wall outlet. When S3 is placed in
Universal FOCUS position, the enlarger lamp is turned
on and remains on until S3 is placed in the
Darkroom off position, where it must remain whenever
using the timer to time an operation.
The Process Timer. For this function the
Timer timing cycle is of much longer duration
(several minutes), and the timer should
current flow continues. However, the com- sound a signal at the end of the present
bined current drain of the SCR and the ad- timing interval. When S1 is placed in the
justable shunt resistance, consisting of R1 PROCESS position, a biasing circuit is acti-
in series with R2, rapidly 'discharges timing vated that is virtually the opposite of the
capacitor Cl. The exact time of discharge circuit for the ENLARGER timing just de-
is dependent on the setting of R1. Within scribed.
a few seconds C1's voltage falls below the The PROCESS timing operation is con-
breakdown voltage of trigger diode D1 trolled by toggle switch S4. With S4 in the
01 Q2 Cl C2 T1 S5
View shows front panel and
interior layout of timer
assembly. Notice how Cl and
C2 are taped together and
cemented in position on rear
panel. With exception of
variable resistors, all semi-
conductors and resistors are
placed on an insulated tie
strip, to which tie strip
terminals have been staked.
Strip is mounted adjacent to
power transformer on bottom
of cabinet and raised by
spacers to prevent shorting
R3 S4 S1 S3 S2 RI
out circuitry.
(about 30 V) and the diode blocks any READY position, capacitor Cl is kept fully
further flow of current into the gate of the discharged and the SCR is kept turned off.
SCR. Therefore, no current can flow through the
Pushing S2 a second time recharges Cl load (in this case some type of 117 -volt
and recycles the timing circuit. Toggle
switch S3 has been added as a bypass switch
operated signal device -a
bell, horn, or buz-
zer). When S4 is switched to its TIME posi-
to enable focusing the enlarger without hav- tion, capacitor Cl is connected to the 200 -
ing to disconnect it from the timer and plug volt DC supply through a high value re-
38 SCIENCE AND ELECTRONICS, formerly RADIO -TV EXPERIMENTER
sistance chain composed of potentiometer the cabinet's base next to the power trans-
R3 in series with R4. former. All other controls except for power
Because of its high capacity, and this re- switch S5 are mounted on the front panel.
sistance chain, Cl charges very slowly, and, The two convenience outlets and the power
after several minutes (the exact time is de- switch are mounted on the rear of the cabi-
pendent on the setting of R3), the voltage net.
across capacitor Cl reaches the breakdown The two electrolytic capacitors, Cl and
voltage of diode D1. Instantly the capacitor C2, are first taped together with fiberglass
begins to discharge through the SCR gate, binding tape and then cemented to the in-
turning the SCR on and allowing current side surface of the rear of the cabinet. Be-
to flow through the load, which in this oper- fore fastening the tie strip to the cabinet
ation is the signaling device. base, mount all of the components men-
With Si in the PROCESS position, outlet tioned above to it.
"02" is activated through the timer. How- The timer draws so little current in stand-
ever, after about 5 seconds, Cl's voltage by condition that no harm would result from
falls below the critical diode breakdown leaving the power on when the unit was
potential, current flow stops, the SCR is not being used. Therefore, to facilitate the
turned ofi, and the signaling device stops parts layout and the wiring, the power switch
sounding. The capacitor then again begins was mounted on the rear panel.
building up to the breakdown potential, at Calibrating the Timer. Once the proper
which point the signal device would again timing ranges have been chosen, and the
be activated. However, the person using the components specified in the Timing Table
timer would normally interrupt the cycle as have been wired in the circuit, calibration
soon as the signal is first sounded. Used in points can be marked on the panel adjacent
this manner our circuit behaves in much the to the knobs for R1 and R3. The exact
same way as an electrical or mechanically locations of the marks are determined by
driven clock. checking the timing of on status with a stop-
Building the Timer. We housed our watch at each of the timing periods desired
timer in an aluminum cabinet having a cowl to meet your particular darkroom process.
front. Our reason for using this type of Because many of the components in the
cabinet is that the overhang, or cowl avoids circuitry are common to both timing oper-
accidental operation of the controls in the ations there is some interaction between the
darkroom. The unit has been well designed two adjustable controls. For this reason it
is important that S4 be kept in the READY
and packs a lot of circuitry into a small
space. Even so, there is ample room to position whenever using the unit as an en-
easily wire the components if you follow larger timer.
our layout as shown in the photos. Our Universal Timer has an advantage
All of the resistors, the bridge rectifier, over commercial units. Should you change
the SCR, and diode Dl are mounted on a your photo processing procedures, which
phenolic board containing staked terminals, may require a change in timing, this can be
which, in turn, is mounted in the center of easily done by exchanging a few parts.
39
OCTOBER -NOVEMBER, 1969
Did
you
0
a1:..
. . . clouds of nitrogen dioxide were
recently studied remotely by a team of
Canadian scientists? Working under an
HEW contract and using a unique,
telescopic, gas- analyzing spectrometer,
Toronto's Barringer Research Inc. was able
to perform quantitative chemical analyses
of polluted air over the Los Angeles basin
without making physical contact
with the material under study.
W,p,313=: rftcz',
y:'i
41
OCTOL'ER- NOVEMBER, 1969
module's internal oscillator to 52 MHz, the
PC1130g 52 MHz oscillator signal will beat with the
Practically any mounting arrangement will work for Police Converter, but
it's best to keep
leads from R1 to module as short as possible. Module (at right) is roughly
size of ice cube.
fire transmitters, and reception from mobile antenna of the FM radio and clip the con-
units was limited to one or two miles, de-
pending on the terrain.
verter wire to any part of the FM antenna.
Tune the radio to a dead spot on the band
preferably between 90 and 100 MHz. Turn
-
By feeding output of the converter to an
FM radio, the signal is detected by an FM on the converter by rotating RI's knob, and
detector and maximum modulation is ex- then very slowly, advance R1 until the back-
tracted from the signal. The converter ground noise heard in the radio reaches a
module uses a single 24-in. wire lead both usable volume. If R1 is advanced too far
as the receiving antenna and the radio coup- the radio will block up. It will go quiet and
ling. The lead is clipped or connected to you may hear several different FM com-
the antenna of the FM radio. The antenna mercial radio stations as RI is adjusted.
The
module correct R1 adjustment is maximum noise
serves both as the antenna for the
and the converter /radio coupling. just before "blocking." As a double check,
Building the Converter. Our converter when Rl is correctly adjusted you will hear
is built on the front panel of a 4 x 21/2 x 15/s- clicks as you touch the FM antenna.
in. utility case. The converter module is If possible, borrow a friend's vhf FM
mounted on the front panel by pushing the police and fire receiver and tune in the local
module's mounting clip through a 27/64-in. police or fire frequencies. When you hear
or a 13/32 -in. hole. Adjustment control a transmission in this receiver, adjust the
R /S1 should be mounted as
1 close as pos- tuning slug of the converter module until
sible to the module. Connections should be you hear the same station. If
you can't bor-
made directly to the module's leads; do not row a receiver, you'll just have to be patient
attempt to use terminal strips between the (Continued on page 109)
43
OCTOBER -NOVEMBER, 1969
NOZINOH NN3HINON
DIM
The t)rv1oel
14111011) '
Skies
Above
Us
SOUTHERN HORIZON
travels at a speed of 186,300 miles per * A close friend of mine among astron-
second. omers, Dr. John Charles Duncan, examined
Our sun is one of the stars in a similar many photographs of the Crab Nebula, taken
galaxy, our own, whose flattened spiral shape over decades at the Mount Wilson Observa-
is responsible for the appearance of the tory, and found that before 1926, the Crab
Milky Way. Nebula had been expanding at such a rate
* The galaxies are interestingly detailed that, about 900 years earlier, this cloud of
objects as photographed through large tele- gas had been all at one point.
scopes, but disappointing as seen with the With the cooperation of a scholar in the
eye through the same instruments, because University of California, he discovered that,
,the eye takes only snapshots, while the pho- in the year 1054, Chinese and Korean as-
so strongly that the overlying layers of the but that's his story. From
doctorate in astrophys-
star can't hold it in, so the star literally ex- a
ics at the University of
plodes. For a few days or weeks or even Michigan through stints
months, the star may be the brightest object at various planetariums (planetaria ?), Dr. Roy K.
in the sky, until it subsides to the obscurity Marshall has perhaps not as many qualifications as
there are stars, but enough. Dr. Marshall has been
from which it erupted. We have records in associated with the Adler Planetarium, Chicago;
both early and later times of many such ex- the Yerkes Observatory, University of Chicago; the
ploding stars. Harvard Observatory; the Fels Planetarium, Phila-
What we see when we observe the Crab delphia; Morehead Planetarium, Chapel Hill, N.C.;
Odessa College Planetarium, Odessa, Texas and is
Nebula in Taurus is the gaseous debris of currently Director of the Gibbes Planetarium, Co-
the colossal explosion when a star literally lumbia Museum of Science, Columbia, S.C. Dr. Mar-
"blew its top." The gigantic explosion oc- shall is the author of "The Nature of Things,"
curred about 3050 years B.C., .because mod- "Sun, Moon and Planets," "Star Maps for Begin -
hers" and "Sundials." A man for all media, Roy
ern measures show that the object's distance Marshall has been education director for the Phila-
is 4100 light -years. Now, after a lapse of delphia Inquirer radio and TV stations, science
almost 5000 years, the Crab Nebula may editor of the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, colum-
be telling us something of a new state of nist for SKY AND TELESCOPE magazine, and now
astronomy columnist for SCIENCE AND ELECTRON-
matter. ICS. He is the recipient of an honorary degree from
* The great radio telescopes have been tell- the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science
ing us that something in or near the Crab "for propagating the knowledge of science via
Nebula is sending us radio "beeps" at inter- writings, lecturing, planetarium work, radio and
television." Let him welcome you aboard on a
vals of one -thirtieth of a second. fascinating trip to the heavens!
(Continued on page 110)
45
OCTOBER- NOVEMBER, 1969
by James Robert Squires
SAN ONOFRE'S
Set beside the Pacific Ocean in a man- 450 megawatts of electrical power, 80%
made cavity 90 ft. below the cliffs, the San of which is used by the Southern California
Onofre nuclear -powered generating station Edison Company and 20% by the San Diego
is located roughly 60 miles south of Los Gas and Electric Company, co- owners of
Angeles. In operation since January of last the project.
year, the station is capable of generating The generating station, which is of the
Twin flash evaporators (left), powered by steam from secondary system, convert sea water
into distilled water at rate of 120 gallons per minute. Water is stored in huge tanks for
later use; any excess is pumped to reservoir high on cliffs for supplying domestic water needs.
FARULOUS 40
pressurized water type similar to that used member that whenever the pressure on a
by nuclear submarines and surface vessels quantity of water is raised above 14.7
typified by the aircraft carrier Enterprise, pounds per square inch (psi), the water
has its nuclear reactor located at the bottom will no longer boil at 212 F. Because of the
of the big sphere (see our photos). 2000 psi pressure within the reactor's pri-
To understand how the station works., re- mary system, water doesn't even boil at the
Steam generators and turbine generator (left) form secondary portion of generating se -up.
Though heated by nuclear energy, pressurized water serves only as means of conducting
energy between reactor and steam generators. Right, sea intake and outflow pump pit.
47
OCTOBER- NOVEMBER, 1969
SAN ONOFUE FABULOUS 1150
Structure immediately
in front of sphere is
waste collection build-
ing. Here, radioactive
substances which can-
not be otherwise dis-
posed of are baled
and pressed into
cement containers.
pages -
QSLs are shown on these
JJY- Japan,
Italy, CHU- Canada, VNG-
IBF-
IB F
STAZIONE PER SEGNASI
Dl TEMPO
CHU
E FREOUENZA EtEOUENa eTATION
CAMPIONE AND
DOMINION OBSERVATORY
LA OIREEIONE
7335 kc.t
DIRECTION 14670 kc.
APPROVED UNDER
NEW GI BILL If you served
since January 31. 1955, or are in ser-
vice, check GI line in postage-free card.
THE ONLY
COLOR TV
TOTALLY
ENGINEERED
FOR TRAINING
55
OCTOBER- NOVEMBER, 1969
Code practice occupies sizable
portion of Saturday morning ses-
sions. Informal gatherings nor-
mally begin with Joe tapping
telegrapher's key while boys
jot down letters they hear. To
earn FCC Novice license, boys
must pass test showing they can
send and receive code at 5 wpm.
`Saturday 6Morning
O This is the world of diodes ...transistors
... toroids. It's a maze of tiny electronic
components ... of wire and peri boards ...
of telegraphers' keys ... 9 -volt batteries and
soldering guns.
This is Joseph R. Wasserman'.s 90- minute
Saturday morning world spent with a dozen
or more (depending on the vagaries of
weather, homework, and colds; wide -eyed
`Ham -in
and quick -to -learn kids from suburban Phil-
adelphia. It's a 90- minute world that has a
way of stopping the clock, for those 90 min-
utes more often than not somehow stretch
into two or more hours.
Joe is a school psychologist (Monday to
Friday) with the Upper Darby School Sys-
tem (adjacent in Delaware County, Pa.)
and a ham radio buff of long standing. And
Thrilled with romance of communicating with earth's four corners, boys cluster around Joe's
transmitter and receiver. Often, they too manage to take part in exciting world of DX action.
Dot Generator
Just as with one of the airlines' claims, Features, Features. The IG -28 provides
there's a "something extra" with the Heath - the usual color generator patterns: dots,
kit Color Bar and Dot Generator. In this in- cross hatch, horizontal lines, vertical lines,
stance that something is extra features and color bar. What's more, it also provides
hung on a standard color generator. What for purity adjustment, a "plaid" gray scale,
they do is make it a lot easier to align a and a 3x3 divide for the vertical and hori-
TV for darn good color quality; you might zontal lines.
say they're akin to the fine tuning adjust- In addition to the tunable RF output cov-
ments common to lab -grade service equip- ering channels 2 through 6 (with an asso-
ment. ciated level control) , there is a video signal
The IG -28 is all solid-state, using the output with level control, a 4.5 -MHz sound
latest in computer type design to obtain the carrier output, a sync take-off on the front
necessary waveforms. Thing is, the step panel, and the usual "gun killer" switches.
counters and adjustable dividers generally Since some of these features are totally new
associated with color generators normally to some of you we'll take time out to explain.
require at least an oscilloscope for proper If you look at a color bar pattern on a
generator alignment. With the IG -28, how- black-and -white TV, or a color receiver with
ever, integrated circuit flip -flops and gates the color turned off, the color bars appear
mean that you build it and it works. as shades of gray. Now picture many of these
Except for the non -critical circuits, such shades of gray running both vertically and
as the RF oscillators and modulator, the horizontally so they form a "plaid" pattern
IG -28 is all -IC, with printed circuits for of gray scale covering the entire CRT.
everything except the front -panel controls. When a color set is properly adjusted
Since the ICs are essentially direct coupled (using the test procedure given in the Heath
through the printed foils, should any prob- manual), the color gun levels are such that
lems arise you simply plug in a new IC (all no color tinting occurs on the "plaid" pat-
ICs use sockets). tern. In short, it makes it easy to adjust the
Even the RF oscillator is made trouble - TV so black and white reproduces as black
free through use of POWER FUNCTION
a printed "tank Large printed -circuit
RF /VIDEO
AMP BOARD TRANSFORMER' 'SNITCH
lilo
VANE
\1
,,
1
.%
AMMETER
Easy to build -works on AC and DC
by Charles Green, W6FFQ
When the first electric indicator was meter components housed in a plastic
made by Hans Oersted in 1819 "P" box. Included in this article are
out of a magnetic compass and some experiments to help you better under-
wire, he could not have imagined that stand the repulsion vane action of this
millions of meters that are its direct type of meter.
descendants would be in use wherever Vane Repulsion Experiments. Fig.
a low-cost rugged indicator is required. 1 shows the components used in one
For example: as an ammeter in an au- experiment that can be performed to
tomobile. show how iron vanes move by magnetic
The iron vane electrical meter (am- repulsion. In our experimental hookup
meter or voltmeter as it's called today) shown in the photo, the coil is made by
is made in two general types: the polar- random winding 200 turns of #22 en-
ized vane type -amagnet or an iron ameled magnet wire on a 11/4-in. diam-
eter cardboard coil form, about 1 -in.
vane moving in a magnetic field, or,
the repulsion vane type-two iron vanes long. This cardboard form can be made
repelling each other in an induced by cementing cardboard wound around
magnetic field created by the current a bottle having 11/4-in. diameter. Use
flow being measured. plastic tape to hold the wire in place
Our project uses the repulsion vane and leave 10 -in. leads coming out of the
principle in an easy -to -build iron vane coil. Remove about 1 in. of the enamel
ammeter. This project will provide the from the end of each lead.
reader the opportunity to combine edu- Next, cut up a clean tin can to make
cation with the fun of building. This two 11/2 x /2 -in. pieces. These will be-
1
simple ammeter indicates from 0 to 1 come the iron vanes in this experiment.
ampere, AC or DC. A solenoid, two Make sure the tin can is made from
sections of a tin can, and a rubber band sheet iron and not from aluminum.
(in lieu of the conventional metal pivot Bend each iron piece about /2 -in. from
1
and spiral spring) are the essential one end into a right angle.
61
OCTOBER -NOVEMBER, 1969
MOWING VANE AMMETER
Fig. 1. Vane repulsion experiments
demonstrate basic operation of mov-
ing -vane ammeter. Circuit works with
6-V battery or filament transformer.
la BRACKET I"
DETAILS
#27 DRILL ")
EC=
1 *' APPROX. L5"
48011
THICK ALUMINUM
--
REPEL
Fig.
polarities are and fixed vane. Bracket is made of
0.05 -
always same, in. aluminum strip, vanes from tin
can.
so vanes repel.
FAHNESTOCK CONNECTORS
VANE SUSPENSION
MOUNTING BRACKETS
1.1111.,1111111,1111111111111,11111111,11111101111110
1 .,.,1111111111111iiiiiiiiiii1111 1.1 11 iii. 111I111111M1111111111111111III.1111111,
63
OCTOBER-NOVEMBER, 1969
DC AMMETER
^ `
.
Model 3150 im4
Out-
When the original EICO Cortina ampli- switch provides the tape-recorder input.
puts include main speaker, remote speaker,
fier was introduced a year or so ago, just
headphones, and tape recorder.
about nothing else was available that de-
Other Controls. Volume and tone con-
livered comparable performance at such a you
low price. But the original Cortina unfor-
trols are ganged, which means that what
channel you automatically do to
do to one
tunately lacked the punch needed to drive
PI
The 3150's
+20
+1
frequency
BASS 1.
'
response and 'the effect of its controls
TREBLE BOOST
BASS d TREBLE C U T - .
2011
RIAA equalization on 3150
was ruler flat from 20 to
20,000 Hz. Bass and treble
controls had fulcrum around
1 -kHz point, with
maximum
boost and cut of some 20 dB.
-20 3K
40 60 80 300 6008001K 4K 6K
00 200 400
10 FREQUENCY Hz)
+2
LOUDNESS CONTOUR, VOLUME CONTROL i OPEN
s +1 J
'_ N Response at 1 -watt output
-2
0in 30 0 1 00 2L ,,,,4 800
I LK ,I 4 16k 13K 203 effective, though low filter
20 40
FREQUENCY (Hz)
proved somewhat broad.
uun wumn.amommilmmnrnmomimumommuumummumumumwuwwnuaml
uUuuuu 1uuuuu1uuuuuuuuuuuuiuuuuuuuuuauuuutuuuuuuuuuuuuluuuuuuuunuuuuuuu
uu uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuMuuuuu
your
or just 97 you can modify the amplifier ofhottest
Fpractice, or budget, guitar by adding the
sound going with the hard -rock combos -fuzz. For
we'll explain.
those too square to know what fuzz is,
Fuzz is distortion, out -and -out distortion of
the original guitar sound. Unlike random
distortion, most fuzz effects are accom-
waveform of the
plished by squaring the
guitar pickup, thereby obtaining a husky
sound quality akin to that of a saxophone.
Most new guitar amplifiers have the fuzz
built in, the technical terms for fuzz
being
harmonic modifier, overtone, or something
67
OCTOBER-NOVEMRER, 1969
Hard-Rock TONE CONTROL RI SI DI, D2 VOLUME CONTROL
Fuzz Box
similar. Whatever it's caned, it's still fuzz.
If the amplifier doesn't have built -in fuzz,
the fuzz sound can be added through the
use of a fuzz box -an adapter connected
between the guitar pickup and amplifier in-
put. Though fuzz boxes provide the con-
veniences of adjustable fuzz quality and a
foot switch, the price range of $12 to $40
often puts it well outside the budget, par-
ticularly for units considered practice or Fig. 1. Parts for fuzz circuit mounted on am-
budget units that originally cost less than the plifier panel surrounding existing controls.
commercial fuzz box. Well, for you budget -
minded people, we offer the 974 Fuzz Box, point, usually across the volume control,
actually a fuzzing circuit that is built di- where the guitar signal is approximately 1
rectly into the amplifier (see Fig. 1). to 3 volts. Therefore, the diodes will clip
What Is Fuzz. As shown in the schem- that part of the signal waveform that ex-
matic, the fuzz circuit is nothing more than ceeds 0.5 to 0.7 volt. RI increases the con-
a diode clipper (D1 and D2), a switch duction voltage, allowing the user to set the
to
turn it on and off (S1), and a depth control clipping level anywhere from just peaks
(R1) that sets the degree of fuzz effect. of the waveform (slight fuzz) to the husky
The on -off switch can be combined with the sound obtained when the diodes are returned
control, and if you use the recommended directly to ground. The photographs clearly
source for parts the whole bit will cost 974. indicate the effect of the fuzz circuit. Fig. 2
If you want to build a super-deluxe version shows a sine- waveform simulating the guitar
having a separate on -off switch it may run sound with no fuzz-S1 open. Fig. 3 is the
about $2. When a separate switch is used fuzz circuit cut -in, with R1 at almost full
the setting of the depth control is not resistance (note that the waveform is just
af-
fected as the fuzz is switched in and out. slightly distorted). Fig. 4 shows the high
How It Works. Diodes D1 and D2 degree of distortion obtained when R1 is set
are
the silicon type, requiring approximately 0.5 to zero resistance-full fuzz.
to 0.7 volt before they conduct. The fuzz The scope pictures have been adjusted to
circuit is connected into the amplifier be almost equal in size for clarity of illus-
at a
tration. Actually, as you would expect, the
MIC PREAMP fuzz circuit causes a loss in sound level of
up to 6 dB, depending on the degree of fuzz.
DC BLOCKING CAPACITOR
(SEE TEXT)
This is generally no problem since most
1V OR MORE
guitar amplifiers have much more than 6 dB
2ND AMP
SIGNAL reserve gain.
VOLUME When fuzz is added to transistor ampli-
CONTROL
GUITAR r- -
_
TO
OUTPUT amplifier. Right, fuzz circuit to use COLLECTOR
(PREAMP I
01
if your amplifier is transistorized. CIRCUIT
INPUT)
RI
rating and when required) (SEE TEXT
D1, D2 -Low signal voltage silicon
diode ABOUT POLARITY
(see text) (Lafayette 1976001 or equiv.) OF Cl)
i 1 R1 /S 1- 10,000-ohmminiature potentiometer
C1
R1
i S1 with spst switch (Lafayette 3277364 or
equiv.) (same less switch -see text -La-
L fayette 3277356 or equiv.) S1
CIRCUIT REQUIRED FOR
FUZZ ADDED 51 -Spst toggle switch (Lafayette 3473301 TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS
or
TO GUITAR AMP 9976162 or equiv. -see text)
68
SCIENCE AND ELECTRONICS, formerly RADIO -TV EXPERIMENTER
fiers the circuit must be mod-
ified slightly by inserting a
100 -uF capacitor (C1) in
series with the arm of Rl, as
shown in the schematic.
Voltage rating of Cl should
be equal, at least, to the volt-
age to which D1 and D2
connect. Polarity connections
of C 1 are determined by the
amplifier circuit voltage at
Dl -D2 (usually + for npn
and -
for pnp transistors).
When the voltage is positive,
Cl's positive lead is connect-
ed to the arm of R1, or, if
amplifier the voltage is negative, Cl's
Fig. 2. Undistorted sine wave output of guitar
negative lead is connected to
simulating guitar sound with no fuzz added.
it.
Where to Connect. The
fuzz circuit must be connect-
ed into the amplifier at some
point where the signal level
exceeds 1 V. This is normal-
ly after the microphone pre-
amplifier, across the volume
control. (If tone controls are
also connected across the
volume control they are ig-
nored.) If the volume control
is in the circuit before the
microphone preamplifier ra-
ther than after it (which
would not be normal), or if
it follows a second amplifier
stage, connect the fuzz after
at the first amplifier, following
Fig. 3. Output of guitar amplifier with fuzz in,
R1
the plate DC blocking capa-
nearly full resistance. Note waveform slightly distorted.
citor. Do not connect the
fuzz to the wiper arm of the
volume control as this will
disable the volume control,
causing the volume control to
affect only the degree of
fuzz. Similarly, don't try to
get more fuzz by connecting
to the grid of the output tube
as this will sharply reduce
the overall amplifier gain,
and the volume control again
will affect only the degree of
fuzz. The best location for
the fuzz circuit is at the
point where the signal volt-
age just exceeds 1 V, usually
after the microphone pream-
fuzz, plifier.
Fig. 4. Output of guitar amplifier with maximum
R1
In transistor amplifiers you
set to 0 resistance. Note high degree of distortion.
69
OCTOBER- NOVEMBER, 1969
Hard-Rock amplifier ground. There usually is a ground
wire connecting the ground lug of the vol-
Super -Fuzz
Guitar Fuzzbox
Imagine, if you can, a guitar sound so with in a manner that simulates a frequency shift.
it, so now, so far out, that it can't be put on On the other hand, the Univox can be set
a record! That's just what you get with a to automatically trigger a slight frequency
Univox Super- Fuzz -the ultimate in a gui- shift at the beginning of each note that cre-
tar fuzzbox. ates a continuous "blue note" sound. End
Unlike conventional fuzzboxes, the Uni- result sounds as though the vibrato handle
vox Super -Fuzz neither distorts the wave- had actually been moved at the beginning
form by clipping signal peaks, nor generates of each note!
a slight kickback oscillation that causes a And that's only one effect. The Univox
peak burst of distortion. Instead, this un- can generate everything from standard fuzz
usual unit generates almost completely new effect to impulse waveforms that can be
sound waveforms which are triggered by handled by only the finest of amplifier equip-
the basic guitar waveforms. And the sound ment- waveforms so steep they couldn't be
no longer resembles that of a guitar. Rather, traced by a phono stylus even if they could
it can simulate many new ethereal instru- be cut on disc.
ments depending on the setting of the Uni- Picture Gallery. Some typical effects
vox's controls. that can be obtained are shown in our wave-
form photographs. These were made using
V For Vibrato. For example, with a
-a
guitar, vibrato -
rapid variation in pitch
can only be obtained by changing the ten-
a sine -waveform test signal. Since guitar
sounds aren't necessarily sine -waveform,
sion on the guitar strings; this is normally the actual effects obtained surpass those
accomplished by physical movement of a shown in our photos.
guitar's vibrato arm which is mechanically Fig. 1 is our 600-Hz reference, a pure
connected to the guitar strings. The closest sine -waveform. In Fig. 2, the Univox No. 1
you can get electronically is wah -wah, a fuzz has been slightly opened, distorting the
simple system whereby a foot control causes basic waveform as in a typical fuzzbox and
an oscillator to trigger on guitar waveforms also adding some second harmonic (note 6
.fil r fln''
UUv LIu uu Li
Fig. 3. With No. 1 fuzz more open. Fig. 6. With No. 2 fuzz more open.
Fig. 4. With No. fuzz fully open. Fig. 7. With No. 2 fuzz
1
fully open.
LOWER
Tallest self -supporting antenna
tower in the U.S. was recently
erected by the Monroe County Elec-
tric Co -op just north of Waterloo,
Illinois.
Interestingly enough, the Union
Metal Manufacturing Company in
Canton, Ohio has fabricated a series
of monotube self -supporting an-
tenna poles from 25 feet through
200 feet since 1941. But the 225 -ft
antenna pole in our photos is the
first to be manufactured in this se-
ries and the first one erected in
the U.S.
L.V. Hard, manager of the Coop-
erative, said this pole was ordered
to complete his excellent communi-
cations hookup. His system con-
sists of a Motorola base station and
six Motorola mobile units, broad-
casting on 158.78 MHz and cover-
ing three counties with a range of
'35 miles.
Prior to its erection, the antenna
OCTOBER-NOVEMBER, 1969
Below, left, ten 80 -in. anchor rods made up
pole's anchorage. Below, right, Alois Luhr
TALLEST TOWER (no hat) checks pole's 16 -ft -deep foundation.
Breathtaking part of 20- minute erection time came as 225 -ft pole was progressively raised
higher and higher toward true vertical. As safety precaution, steel cable was placed around
pole near base and held taut by winch truck. Erection crew found plenty of opportunity to
put their two -way radios to good use during course of actually raising 26,850 -lb. tower.
77
OCTOBER- NOVEMBER, 1969
By ARTHUR S. COOKFAIR
.
1111111.........
FAMOUS PAENTS
A ' . ,
(i
A
No. 763,772
THE FOUR- CIRCUIT
TUNING PATENT
1
In the year 1901, accepted scientific theory radio waves, which travel in a straight line,
said that wireless communication must would not follow the curve of the earth,
be limited to about 165 miles. When Gug- but would go off into space. Despite the
lielmo Marconi announced his plan to trans- gloomy forecasts of failure, Marconi suc-
mit signals across the Atlantic, the greatest ceeded in sending radio waves across the
scientific minds in the world said it couldn't Atlantic Ocean. Explanations were quick to
be done! follow. The following year Sir Oliver Heavi-
But the 26- year-old engineer went ahead side and Arthur Kennelly showed that radio
and invented a better "wireless" system and, waves are bounced back to earth by an ion-
on Dec. 13, 1901, used it in the first trans- ized layer in the stratosphere (the "Heavi-
atlantic transmission. He had done the thing side- Kennelly layer ").
that couldn't be done. Marconi's achievement was acclaimed by
The irony of it is that 40 years later the the scientific world. But it's one thing to
Supreme Court of the United States found convince a group of scientists and quite an-
his claim to that accomplishment invalid. other to convince a group of lawyers and
The pessimistic predictions of the turn -of- judges. In the legal world, the young Ital-
the- century scientists were based on the line - ian's troubles were just beginning.
o}-sight theory. According to that theory, Marconi patented his improved radio sys-
tem in 1904 (Patent No. 763,772.) Because
his system required two tuning circuits in the
fl I' transmitter and two in the receiver, the
patent became known as the "four- circuit
tuning patent."
Others were quick to use Marconi's sys-
tem (without permission) and the patent
gy2 became involved in one law suit after an-
other. While the rest of the world acknowl-
edged the inventor's accom-
plishment, lawyers and judges
continued to argue about it.
(Continued on page 109)
TUNING
FORK
T1
An
SPKR
C2- 10 -uF, 12 -V electrolytic capacitor T1-Output transformer: 1000 -ohm pri.; 8 -ohm
J1-Open-circuit phone jack (Lafayette 3378550 or equiv.)
sec.
L1, L2 -See text 1- Tuning fork (see text)
Q1- 2N5306 Darlington Amplifier
Q2, Q3- 2N5172 transistor (GE)
(GE) 1- 2y2 -in., 8 -ohm speaker (Lafayette 9976038
or equiv.)
R1- 1000 -ohm, 1/2 -watt resistor Misc.-Aluminum minibox, 1/4 -round wood mold-
R2- 220,000-ohm, -watt resistor 1/2 ing, epoxy cement, battery strap, tie strip (4
R3 -820 -ohm, 1/2 -watt resistor J lug), perfboard and push -in terminals, wire,
R4 -560 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor solder, hardware, etc.
ili,Iiiiii,,,,,111111,1,,,,111 ,i1,,,,,,,. .., 11,111111,,,,,,,,,1111,1111111111,,,,11,1,11111 1 1
1,1,,11111,11111111,1111111111111111f/1111,.1,111111111111111111111 11111111.1r11,.111o111111111111111:11,,,,. 11111111111111T,I1
TV's long,
long way
to Tipperary
WI-111E'S
ao@ I(AVR
I(AWA
I(AWL
I(AWT
Apple Valley, Calif.
Waco -Marlin. Tex.
York, Neb.
Douglas, Ariz.
KA W W Heber Springs. Ark.
960
010
370
450
I(BTC Houston, Mo.
ICBTM Jonesboro, Ark.
KBTN Neosho. Mo.
KBTO El Dorado. Kans.
250
230
420
360
KCRL Reno, Nev.
(CRM Crane, Tex.
(CRS Midland, Tex.
(CRT Trinidad. Colo.
780
1580
550
1240
370 I(BTR Denver, Colo. 710 KCRV Carutheraville, Mo. 1370
KAYC Beaumont, Tex. 450 KBUB Sparks, Nev.
Call Location kHz ICAYE Puyallup. Wash. 450
270 (CSI Pueblo, Colo. 590
KBUC San Antonio, Tex. 310 KCSR Chadron, Nebr. 610
KAYG Lakewood, Wash. 480 (BUD Athens. Tex. 410 <CTA Corpus Christi, Tex.
KAAA Kingman, Ariz. 230 KAYL Storm Lake, Iowa 030
KAAY Little Rock, Ark. 090 KAYO
990 (BUH Brigham City. Utah 800 <CTI Gonzales. Tex. 450
Seattle, Wash. 150 (BUN Bemidji, Minn. 450 (CTO Columbia, La.
KABC Los Angeles. Calif. 790 RAYS Hays, Kans. 400 (BUR Burlington, Iowa 540
KABH Midland, Tex. 510 KAYT Rupert, Idaho 490 (CTY Salinas, Calif. 980
KABI Abilene. (Cans.
970 (BUS Mexia, Tex. 590 KCTX Childress. Tex. 510
560 RAZA Gilroy, Cal. 290 (BUY Ft. Worth, Tex. 540 (CUB Tucson. Ariz.
KABL Oakland, Calif. 960 I(BAB Indianola, Iowa 490 (BUZ Mesa, Ariz. 290
ICABQ Albuquerque, N.M. 350 I<BA D Carlsbad, N.M. 740
310 (CUE Red Wing. Minn. 250
KABR Aberdeen, S.Dak. 420 (BV M Lancaster, Calif. 380 KCUZ Clifton, Ariz. 490
'(BAL San Saba, Tex. 410 (BWD Brownwood, Tex. 380 (CVL Colville, Wash.
KACE Riverside. Calif. 570 (BAM Longview, Wash. 270 (BXM Kennett, Mo.
270
KACI The Dalles, Oreg. 540 KCVR Lodi, Calif. 570
300 (BAN Bowie, Tex. 410 (BYE Okla. City, Okla. 890 <CYL Lampasas, Tex.
I(ACL Santa Barbara, Cal. 290 (BAR
Burley, Idaho 230 (BYG 450
KACT Andrews, Tex. 360 Big Spring. Tex. 400 (CYN Williams, Ariz. 240
(BAT
San Antonio, Tex. 680 (BYF' Shamrock, Tex. 580 (DAC Ft. Bragg, Calif.
KACY Port Hueneme, Calif. 520 (BBA
Benton. Ark. 690 KBYR Anchorage. Alaska
230
KADA Ada, Okla. 230 (BBB
Borger, Tex.
270 (DAIL Carrington, N.D. 600
KADL Pine Bluff, Ark. 270
600 KBZB Odessa, Tex. 920 (DAL Duluth, Minn. 610
(BBC
Centerville, Utah 600 KBZY Salem, Oreg. 490 (DAV Lubbock, Tex.
KADO Marshall, Tex. 410 (BBO
Yakima, Wash. 390 KBZZ 580
I(AFE Sante Fe, N.M. 810 LaJunta, Colo. 400 (DAY Santa Monica, Calif. 1580
<BBQ Burbank, Cal. 500 KCAB Dardanelle, Ark. 980 ODB Santa Barbara, Calif.
KAFF Flagstaff, Ariz. 930
KBBR North Bend, Oreg. 340 I(CAC Phoenix. Ariz.
1490
KAFY Bakersfield, Calif. 550
KBBS Buffalo, Wyo. 450
010 (DBM Dillon, Mont. 800
KAG E Winona, M inn. 1380 KBCH Oceanlake, Oreg. I(CAD Abilene. Tex. 560 (DEIS Alexandria, La. 1410
380 KCAL Redlands, Calif. 410 (DCE Espanola. N.M.
KAGH Crossett, Ark. 800 KBCL Shreveport, La. 220 I(CAM Glennallen, Alaska
970
KAGI Grants Pass, Oreg. 930 '<B EA Mission, Kans. 790 KDDA Dumas, Ark. 1560
480 I(CAN Canyon, Tex. 550 (DDD Dumas, Tex.
KAGO I(lamath Falls, Oreg. 150 KBEC Waxahachie, Tex, 390 800
KAGT Anacortes, Wash.
1
610 I I(BTA Batesville, Ark. 340 KCRG Cedar Rapids, Iowa 600 Wash. 1470
KFPW Ft. Smith, Ark. 230 (GUL Port Lavaca, Tex. 1580 KIRO Seattle, Wash. 710 KLIK Jefferson City. Mo. 950
KFQD Anchorage, Alaska 750 KGVL Greenville, Tex. 1400 KIRT Mission, Tex. 1580 I(LIN Lincoln. Nebr. 400
Are your home -town AM stations listed correctly in White's Radio Log? If you believe there is a correction
called for in White's listings, please check first with your local station. For each callsign obtain the correct city
location, frequency, and power. (Remember, even though your local paper may list a station as a "home-town"
station, it may be officially licensed by the FCC for operation in the next city.) Get all the facts on a piece of
paper (be very brief), include your name and address, and mail to White's Radio Log, RADIO-TV EXPERIMENTER,
229 Park Avenue South, New York, N. Y. 10003. Your help in contributing to the accuracy and complete-
ness of White's Radio Log will be sincerely appreciated. See page 96. -Editor
OCTOBER- NOVEMBER, 1969 85
TE Call Location kHz Call Location kHz Call Location kHz
I(MYC Marysville, Calif. 410 KOOK Billings, Mont. 970 KRAD E. Grand Forks, Minn. 590
KMYO Little Rock, Ark. 050 KOOL Phoenix, Ariz. 960 (RAE Cheyenne, Wyo. 480
KNAB Burlington. Colo. 140 1(000 Omaha, Nebr. 1420 K RAF Reedsport, Ore. 470
KNAF Fredericksburg, Tez. 910 I<OOS Coos Bay, Oreg. 1230 (RAI Craig, Colo. 550
KNAI( Salt Lake City. Utah 280 KOPR Butte, Mont. 550 RA I( Sacramento, Cal.
K 140
KNAL Victoria, Tex. 410 COPY Alice, Tex. 1070 ORAL Rawlins, Wyo, 240
loNBA Vallejo. Calif. 190 <OQT Bellingham, Wash. 1550 CRAM Las Vegas, Nev. 920
KNBI Norton, Ilan. 530 KORA Bryan, Tex. 1240 (RAN Morton, Tex. 280
KNBR San Francisco, Cal. 680 <ORC Mineral Wells, Tex. 1140 KRAY Amarillo, Tex. 360
KNBY Newport, Ark. 280 CORD Pasco, Wash. 910 (RBA Lufkin. Tex. 340
Call Location kHz IC NCB Vivian, La. 600 CORE Springfield- Eugene, <RBC Abilene, Tex. 470
KNCK Concordia, Kans. 390 Ore. 1050 (RBI St. Peter. Minn. 310
KLIP Fowler, Calif. 220 KNCY Nebraska City, Nebr. 600 CORK Las Vegas, Nev, 920 <RBN Red Lodge, Mont. 450
KLIQ Portland, Oreg. 290 KNDC Hettinger. N.Dak, 490 (ORL Honolulu, Hawaii 650 < RCS Council Bluffs, la. 560
KLIR Denver, Colo. 990 KNDI Honolulu, Hawaii 270 CORN Mitchell, S.Dak. 1490 ORCI( Ridgecrest, Calif. 360
KLIV San Jose, Cal. 590 KNDK Langdon, N. D. 080 (ORT Grangeville, Idaho 1230 KRCO Prineville, Oreg. 690
KLIX Twin Falls, Idaho 310 KNDY Marysville, Kans. 570 (OSE Osceola, Ark. 860 CRDD Roswell, N. M. 320
KLIZBrainerd, Minn. 380 KN EA Jonesboro, Ark. 970 COSG Panshuska, Okla. 1500 C RDG Redding, Calif. 230
KLKC Parsons, Kans. 540 KNEB Scottsbluff, Nebr, 960 (OSI Aurora, Colo. 1430 (ROO Colo. Springs, Colo. 240
KLLA Leesville, La. 570 ION ED McAlester, Okla, 150 COSY Texarkana, Ark. 790 < RDR Gresham, Ore. 230
KLLL Lubbock, Tex. 460 KNEI Waukon, la, 140 COTA Rapid City, S.Dak. 1380 C RDS Tolleson, Ariz. 190
KLME Laramie, Wyo. 490 KN EL Brady, Tex. 490 (OTN Pine Bluff, Ark. 1490 (RDU D imam, Calif. 240
KLMO Longmont, Colo. 060 IONEM Nevada, Mo. 240 COTS Deming. N.M. 1230 KRED Eureka, Cal. 480
KLMR Lamar, Colo. 920 KNET Palestine, Tex. 450 COUR Independence, Iowa 1220 CREH Oakdale. La. 900
KLMS Lincoln, Nebr. 1480 IONEW Oakland, Cal. 910 <OVC Valley City. N.Dak. 1490 <REI Farmington, Mo. 800
KLMX Clayton, N.Mex. 1450 KNEX McPherson, Kans. 540 COVE Lander, Wyo. 1330 <R E I( Sapulpa,
Okla. 550
KLO Ogden, Utah 1430 IONEZ Lompoc, Calif. 960 (OVO Provo. Utah 900 <REL Corona, Cal. 370
KLOA Ridgecrest, Calif 1240 ION FT Bayard, N.M. 950 COWB Laramie, Wyo. 1290 C REM Spokane. Wash. 970
KLOC Ceres, Calif. 920 KNGS Hanford, Calif. 620 KOWL South Lake Tahoe. (REN Renton, Wash. 420
KLOE Goodland, Kans. 730 KNIA Knoxville, Iowa 1320 Cal. 1490 KREO Indio, Calif. 400
!(LOG Kelso. Wash. 490 IONIC Winfield, Kan. 1550 I(OWN Escondido, Calif. 1450 KREW Sunnyside, Wash. 230
KLOH Pipestone, Minn. 050 I(NIM Maryville, Mo. 1580 KOXR Oxnard, Calif, 910 K REX Grand Junction, Colo. 100
KLOK San Jose. Calif. 170 IONIN Wichita Falls, Tez. 990 KOY Phoenix, Ariz. 550 (RFO Owatonna, Minn. 390
KLOL Lincoln, Neb. 530 K N I Iberia, La.
R New 1360 I(OYL Odessa, Tex. 310 <RFS Superior, Nebr. 600
KLOM Lompoc, Calif. 330 KNIT Abilene, Tez. 1280 KOYN Billings, Mont. 910 <RGI Grand Island, Neb. 430
KLOO Corvallis, Ore. 340 KN LV Ord, Neb. 1060 KOZA Odessa, Tex. 230 KRGO Salt Lake City, Utah 550
KLOU Lake Charles, La, 580 KNND Cottage Grove, Dreg. 1400 1(02 E Lewiston, Idaho 300 (RGV Weslasco, Tex. 290
KLOW Loveland, Colo. 570 KNNN Friona, Tex, 1070 1(OZI Chelan, Wash. 220 (RHO Duncan, Okla. 350
KLPL Lake Providence, La. 050 I(NOC Natchitoches, La. 1450 KOZN Omaha, Neb. 660 (RIB Mason City. Iowa 490
KLPM Minot. N.Dak. 390 KNOE Monroe, La. 540 (OOZY Grand Rapids. Minn. 490 (RIG Odessa. Tex. 410
KLPR Okla. City, Okla. 140 I(NOIO Ft. Worth, Tex. 970 I(PAC Port Arthur. Tex. 250 KRIH Rayville, La. 990
KLPW Union, Mo. 220 I(NOP N. Platte, Nebr. 1410 l(PAL Palm Springs, Calif. 4.50 <RIO McAllen, Tex. 910
KLRA Little Rock, Ark, 010 KNOR Norman, Okla. 1400 I(PAM Portland, Oreg. 410 (RIZ Phoenix, Ariz. 230
KLRS Mountain Grove. Mo. 360 KNOT Prescott, Ariz. 1450 KPAN Hereford. Tez. 860 (R IOC King City, Calif. 490
KLSI Salina, Kan. 910 KNOW Austin, Tez. 1490 I(PAR Albuquerque. N.M. 190 ORIOD Los Angeles, Calif. 150
KLTF Little Falls, Minn. 960 KNOX Grand Forks, N.Dak. 1310 ICPAS Banning, Calif. 490 ORI(O Everett, Wash, 980
KLT1 Macon, Mo. 560 l(NPT Newport, Ore. 1310 KPAT Berkeley, Calif. 400 KRKT Albany, Ore. 990
KLTR Blackwell, Okla. 580 KNUI Makawao, Hawaii 1310 I(PAY Chico, Calif. 060 (R LA Pasadena, Calif. 110
KLTZ Glasgow, Mont, 240 1(NUJ New Ulm, Minn. 860 KPBA Pine Bluff, Ark. 590 (RLC Lewiston, Ida.
KLUB Salt Lake City, Utah 570 I(N UZ Houston. Tex. 1230 KPBC Port Sulphur. La. 510 Clarkston, Wash, 350
KLUG Las Vegas, Nev. 140 I(NWC Sioux Falls, S.D. 1270 I(PCA Marked Tree, Ark. 580 (RLD Dallas, Tex. 080
KLU E Longview, Tex. 280 KNWS Waterloo, Iowa 1090 I(PCO Quincy. Cal. 370 <RLN Canon City. Colo. 400
KLUV Haynesville, La. 580 I(NX Los Angeles, Calif. 1070 KPCR Bowling Green, Mo. 530 (RLW Walnut Ridge, Ark. 320
KLVI Beaumont, Tex. 560 I(OA Denver, Colo. 850 KPDN Pampa. Tex. 340 < R M D Shreveport, La. 340
KLVL Pasadena, Tex. 480 I(OAC Corvallis, Oreg. 550 CPDQ Portland, Oren. 800 <RME Hondo. Tex. 460
KLVT Levelland, Tex. 230 I(OAD Lemoore, Calif. 1240 (PEG Spokane, Wash. 380 (RMG Tulsa, Okla. 740
KLWN Lawrence, Kans. 320 KOAG Arroyo Grande, Cal. 1280 OPEL Lafayette, La, 420 KRML Carmel, Calif. 410
KLWT Lebanon, Mo. 230 !(OAK Red Oak, la. 1080 KPEP San Angelo, Tex. 420 (RMO Monett, Mo. 990
KLWW Cedar Rapids, Iowa 450 (COAL Price. Utah 1230 CPET Lamesa, Tex. 690 (RMS Osage Beach, Mo. 150
KLYD Bakersfield, Calif, 350 KOAM Pittsburg, !(ans. 860 KPGE Page, Ariz. 340 ORNO San Bernardino, Calif. 240
KLYQ Hamilton, Mont. 980 KOB Albuquerque, N.Mex, 770 <PHO Phoenix, Ariz. 910 ORNR Roseburg, Oreg, 490
KLYR Clarksville, Ark. 360 KOBE Las Cruces, N.Mex. 450 (P11( Colorado Sprgs., Colo. 580 (RNS Burns, Oren. 230
KLZ Denver. Colo. 560 KOBH Hot Springs, S.Dak. (PIN Casa Grande, Ariz. 260 (RNT Des Moines, Iowa 350
KMA Shenandoah, Iowa 960 KOBY Reno, Nev, 550 KPLC Lake Charles, La. 470 CRNY Kearney. Nebr. 460
KMAC San Antonio, Tex. 630 I(OCA Kilgore, Tex. 240 (PLT Paris, Tex. 490 (ROB Rohstown, Tex. 510
KMAD Madill, Okla, 1550 I(OCY Oklahoma City, Okla, 340 CPLY Crescent City. Calif. 240 (ROC Rochester. Minn. 340
KMAK Fresno. Calif. 1340 1(0 DA Houston, Tex, 010 <PMC Bakersfield. Calif. 560 <ROD El Paso. Tex. 600
KMAM Butler, Mo. 1530 KODE Joplin, Mo. 230 (PNG Port Neches, Tex. 150 (ROE Sheridan, Wyo. 930
IMAN Manhattan, Kans. 1350 1(ODI Cody, Wyo. 400 KPNW Eugene, Ore. 120 (ROF Abbeville, La. 960
KMAQ Maquoketa. Iowa 1320 KOOL The Dalles. Oreg. 440 CPOC Pocahontas. Ark. 420 CROP Brawley, Calif. 300
KMAR Winnsboro. La. 1570 I(ODY North Platte, Nebr. 240 (POD Crescent City, Calif. 310 <ROS Clinton, Iowa 340
KMAS Shelton. Wash. 1280 I(OEL Oelwein, Iowa 950 (POF Denver, Colo. 910 (ROW Dallas, Ore. 460
KMAV Mayville, N.D. 1520 I(OFE St. Maries, Idaho 480 CPOI Honolulu, Hawaii 3.80 KROX Crookston, Minn. 260
KMBL Junction, Tex, 1450 1(0FI Kalispell, Mont. 180 (POI Portland, Oren. 339 K ROYSacramento, Calif. 240
KMBY Monterey. Calif. 1240 I(OFO Ottawa, Kans. 220 (POL Los Angeles. Calif. 540 I(RPLMoscow. Idaho 400
KMBZ Kansas City, Mo. 980 KOFY San Mateo, Calif. 050 CPOP Roseville, Cal. I10 ICRRR Ruidoso. N.Mex. 340
KMCD Fairfield. Iowa 1570 KOGA Ogallala, Nebr. 930 KPOR Quincy, Wash. 370 ICRRV Sherman. Tex. 910
KMCL McCall, Ida. 1240 I(OGO San Diego, Calif. 600 I(POS Post. Tez. 370 KRSA Alisal, Calif. 570
KMCM McMinnville. Oreg. 1260 KOGT Orange. Tex. 1600 ICPOW Powell, Wyo. 260 I(RSC Othello. Wash. 400
KMCO Conroe, Tex. 900 KOH Reno. Nev. 630 I(PPC Pasadena. Calif. 240 I(RSD Rapid City, S.Dak. 340
KMCW Augusta, Ark. 119 0 KOH I St. Helens, Ore. 1600 KPQ Wenatchee, Wash. 560 I(RSI St. Louis Park, Minn. 950
KMDO Ft. Scott, Kans, 160 p KOHO Honolulu. Hawaii 1170 KPRB Redmond, Oreg. 240 IO RSL Russell. Kans. 990
KMED Medford, Oreg. 1440 I(0 H U Hermiston, Oreg. 1570 K PRC Houston. Tex. 950 1(RON Los Alamos, N.Mex. 490
KMEL Wenatchee, Wash. 1340 !COIL Omaha. Nebr. 1290 <PRE Paris, Tex. 250 KRSP Salt Lake City, Utah 060
KM EN San Bernardino, K OI N Portland, Oreg. 970 (PRK Livingston. Mont. 340 (RSY Roswell. N.Mex. 230
Cal. 1290 KOJM Havre. Mont. 610 (PRL Paso Robles, Calif. 230 KRTN Raton. N.Mex. 490
KMEO Phoenix, Ariz. 740 KO KA Shreveport, La, 550 KPRM Park Rapids, Minn, 240 (RTR Thermopolis, Wyo. 490
KMER Kemmerer, Wyo. 950 10010E Austin, Tex. 370 (PRO Riverside. Calif. 440 (RUN Ballinger. Tex. 400
KMFB Mendocino, Cal. 300 ICOKL Okmulgee, Okla. 240 KPRS Kansas City, Mo. 090 (RUS Ruston. La. 490
KMHL Marshall, Minn. 400 K01(0 Warrensburg, Mo. 450 (PSO Falfurrias, Tez. 260 CRUX Glendale, Ariz. 360
KM HT Marshall. Tex. 450 KO1(X Keokuk, Iowa 310 C PST Preston. Idaho 340 (RVC Ashland. Oreg. 350
KMIL Cameron, Tex. 330 1001(Y Little Rock. Ark. 440 (PTN Central Point, Ore. 400 KRVN Lexington, Neb. 880
KMIN Grants, N.M. 980 KOL Seattle. Wash. 300 (PUA Hilo. Hawaii 970 CRWB Roseau. Minn. 410
KMIS Portageville, Mo. 050 KOLD Tucson, Ariz. 450 (PUB, Puebla, Colo. 480 KRWL Carson City, Nev. 300
KM1 Fresno, Calif. 580 KOLE Port Arthur. Tex. 340 KPUG Bellingham. Wash. 170 1(RX10 Rexburg. Idaho 230
KMLB Monroe, La, 440 KOLI Coalinga, Cal. 050 KPUL Pullman, Wash. 150 I(RYS Corpus Christi. Tex. 360
KMLO Vista, Cal. 000 KOLJ Quanah, Tez. I50 KPUR Amarillo. Tex. 440 IORYT Colo. Springs, Colo. 530
KMMJ Grand Island. Nebr. 750 KOLM Rochester, Minn. 520 KPWB Piedmont, Mo. 140 I<RZE Farmington, N.M. 280
KMMO Marshall. Mo. 300 KOLO Reno, Nev. 92 0 KPXE Liberty, Tex. 050 KRZY Albuquerque, N.M. 450
KMNS Sioux City, Iowa 620 I(OLS
Pryor, Okla. 570 KQAQ Austin, Minn. 970 I<SAC Manhattan, Kans. 580
KMO Tacoma, Wash. 360 I(OLT
Scottsbluff, Nebr. 320 KQEN Roseburg. Ore. 240 I(SAL Salina, Kans. 150
KMON Great Falls. Mont. 560 KOLY
Mobridge, S.Dak. 300 I(QE0 Albuquerque. N.Mez. 920 ICSAM Huntsville. Tex. 490
KMOR Murray, Utah 230 KOMA
Okla. City, Okla. 520 KQI K Lakeview. Oreg. 230 '(SAY Francisco, Calif. 010
San
KMOX St. Louis. Mo. 120 ICOMO Seattle, Wash. 000 I(QIL Grand Junction. Col. 340 KSCB Liberal, Kans. 600
KMPC Los Angeles, Calif. 710 KOMW Omak, Wash. 680 1(010 Santa Paula, Cal. 400 l(SCJ Sioux City, Iowa 360
KMPG Hollister, Cal. 540 ICOMY Watsonville, Calif. 340 I(QMS Redding, Calif. 400 KSCO Santa Cruz. Calif. 080
KMPL Sikeston, Mo, 520 KONE Reno. Nev. 450 I<Q0T Yakima, Wash. 930 KSD St. Louis. Mo. 550
I(MRC Morgan City, La. 430 KONG Visalia, Calif. 400 KQRS Golden Valley, Minn. 440 KSDN Aberdeen, S.Dak. 930
KM RE Anderson, Cal, 580 KONI Spanish Fork, Utah 480
KMRS Morris. Minn, 230 !(ONO San Antonio, Tez, 880 KQV Pittsburgh. Pa. 410 I(SDO San Diego, Calif. 1130
KMUL Muleshoe, Tex. 380 KONP Port Angeles. Wash. 450 I(QWB Fargo, N. D. 550 I(SDR Waterton. S.Dak. 1480
KMUS Muskogee, Okla. 380 KOOD Lakewood Center, 100X1 Arvada. Colo, 550 I(SEE Santa Maria, Calif. 1480
KMVI Wailuku, Hawaii 550 Wash. 480 KQYX Joplin, Mo. 560 KSEI Pocatello, Idaho 930
KSGM Ste. Genevieve, Mo. 340 I(TLU Rusk, Tex. 1580 (VFD Ft. Dodge. Iowa
340 I(TLW Texas City, Tex. 920 <VGB Great Bend. Kans. 590 I(WOS Jefferson City. Mo. 240
KSGT Jackson, Wyo. KWOW Pomona, Calif. 600
KSHA Medford, Ore. 860 KTMC McAlester. Okla. 1400 (VI Seattle, Wash. 570
860
I(TMF New Prague, Minn. (VIC Victoria, Tex.
1350 340 SW PC Muscatine, Iowa
ICSIB Creston, Iowa 520 l(WPM West Plains, Mo. 450
KSID Sidney. Nebr. 340 I(TM N Trumann, Ark. KVIL Highland Park, Tex.
1530 150
270
KTMS Santa Barbara. Calif. 1250 (VIN Visita. Okla. 470 KWPR Claremore, Okla.
I<SIG Crowley, La. 450 (WRC Woodburn, Ore. 940
I(SIL Silver City, N.Mex. 340 KTNC Falls City, Nebr, 1230 KVIO Cottonwood, Ariz. 600
470
KTN07 Tucumcari, N.Mex. 1400 (VII' Redding, Calif. 540 KWRD Henderson, Tex.
KSIM Sikeston, Mo. 400 330 (WRE Warrenton. Mo. 730
KTNT Tacoma, Wash. 1400 KVKM Monahans, Tex.
KSIS Sedalia, Mo. 050
(VLB Cleveland, Tex. 410 KWRF Warren, Ark. 860
KSIW Woodward. Okla. 450 KTOB Petaluma. Cal. 1490
(W RC. New Roods. La. 15(10
KSI X Corpus Christi, Tex. 230 KTOC Jonesboro. La. 920 (VLF Alpine, Tex. 240
(WRO Coquille, Oreg. 630
KSJB Jamestown, N.Dak. 600 KTOD Sinton, Tex. 1590 (VLG LaGrange, Tex. 570
KTOE Mankato. Minn. 1420 KVLH Pauls Valley, Okla. 470 (W RT Boonville, Mo. 1370
I(SKI Sun Valley, Idaho 340
(VLL Woodville, Tex. 220 (WOW Guthrie, Okla. 1490
KSKY Dallas. Tex. 660 KTOH Lihue, Hawaii 1350
I(TOK Oklahoma City, Okla. 1000 K VLV Fallon, Nev. 980 CWSD Mt. Shasta, Calif. 620
I<SL Salt Lake City, Utah 160
1380 (VMA Magnolia. Ark 690 (WSH Wewoka- Seminole,
KSLM Salem, Oreg. 390 KTOM Salinas, Cal. 2110
KTON Belton, Tex. 940 (VMC Colorado City, Tex. 320 Oklahoma
OSLO Opelousas, La. 230 KWSO Wasco, Calif. 050
I(TUO Henderson. Nev. 1280 KVML Sonora. Calif. 450
KSLV Monte Vista, Colo. 240
1490 (VNC Winslow, Ariz. 010 (WSR Rifle. Colo. 810
I(SLY San Luis Obispo, Cal. 400 STOP Topeka. Sans. (WSU Pullman, Wash. 250
'(TOT Big Bear Lake. Cal. 1050 (VNI Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 240
KSMA Santa Maria, Calif. 240 610 (WIC Barstow, Calif. 230
KSMK Kennewick, Wash. 340 KTOW Sand Spring, Okla. 1340 (VNU Logan. Utah
KTPA Prescott, Ark. 1370 KVOB Bastrop, La. 340 (WTO Springfield, Mo. 560
I(SMM Shakopee. Minn. 530
(VOC Casper. Wyo. 230 (WTX Waco, Tex. 290
KSMN Mason City, Iowa 010 KTRB Modesto, Calif. 860
(W U N Concord. Cal. 480
SSMO Salem, Mo. 340 I(TRC Santa Fe, N.Mex. 1400 (VOD Albuquerque, N. Mex. 730
340
KTRE Lufkin, Tex. 1420 (VOE Emporia, Kans. 400 KWVR Enterprise, Oreg.
KSND Seattle. Wash. 590 490 KWVY Waverly, Iowa 470
I(SNN Pocatello, Ida. 290 10TRF Thief River Falls, (VOG Ogden. Utah 330
Minn. 1230 (VOL Lafayette, La. 330 I(WWL Waterloo. Iowa
KSNO Aspen. Colo. 2E'0
(VOM Morrilton, Ark. 800 ICWXY Cathedral City, Cal. 34(1
I(SNY Snyder. Tex. 450 KTRG Honolulu, Hawaii 990
K Farmington. N.Mex, 960
KTRH Houston, Tex. 740 K VON Napa. Calif, 440 KWY
1(SO Des Moines, Iowa 460 I(WYN Wynne, Ark. 400
KSOA Ava. Mo. 430 S TRI Sioux City, Iowa 1470 <V00 Tulsa. Okla. 170
410
S TRM Beaumont. Tex. 990 <VOP Plainview, Tex. 400 I(WYO Sheridan, Wyo.
KSO I< Arkansas City, Kans. 280 KWYR Winner. S.Dak. 260
KSOL San Francisco, Cal. 450 KTRN Wichita Falls, Tex. 1290 (VOR Colo. Springs, Colo. 300
KT RT Truckee. Cal. 1400 <VOU Uvalde, Tex. 400 I(WYS W. Yellowstone, Mont, 920
I(SOM Ontario, Cal. 510 450 I(W YZ Everett, Wash. 230
K8ON San Diego, Calif. 240 I(TRY Bastrop. La. 730 KVOW Riverton. Wyo. 770
KTSA San Antonio, Tex. 550 (VOX Moorhead. Minn. 280 I(XA Seattle, Wash,
5000 Sioux Falls, S.Dak. 140
KTSL Burnett, Tex. 340 (VOY Yuma, Ariz. 400 I(XAR Hope, Ark. 490
I<SOP Salt Lake City, Utah 370 I<XEL Waterloo. Iowa 540
I<SOX Raymondville, Tex. 240 KTSM El Paso. Tex. 380 (VOZ Laredo, Tex. 49(1
KTTN Trenton, Mo. 600 KVPI Ville Platte. La. 050 KXEN FestusSt. Louis, Mo. 010
KSI'I Stillwater, Okla. 780
490 KVRA Vermillion. S. D. 570 I(XEO Mexico, Mn. 349
KSPL Diboll, Tex. 260 I(TTR Rolla, Mo. KXEW Tucson, Ariz. 600
KSPO Spokane, Wash. 230 KTTS Springfield, Mo. 400 I(VRC Arkadelphia. Ark. 2411
KVRD Cottonwood, Ariz. 240 I(XEX Fresno, COIL 550
KSPR Springdale, Ark. 590 KTTT Columbus, Nebr. 510
KXG1 Ft. Madison. Iowa 960
KSPT Sandpoint. Idaho 400 KTUC Tucson. Ariz. 400 KVRE Santa Rosa, Calif. 460
400
340 KXGN Glendive, Mont.
I(SRA Salmon, Idaho 960 KTU E Tulia, Tex. 260 (VRH Salida. Colo.
KXIC Iowa City, Iowa 600
1<SRC Socorro, N.Mex. 290 KTUF Tempe. Ariz. 580 (V RS Rock Springs. Wyo. 3611
410
KVSA McGehee. Ark. 220 KXIT Dalhart. Tex.
I(SRM Soldatna, Alaska 920 KTUI Sullivan, Mo. 560
KXIV Phoenix. Ariz. 400
KSRO Santa Rosa. Calif. 350 I(TW Seattle. Wash. 250 (VSF Santa Fe, N.Mex. 260
030 KVSH Valentine, Nebr. 940 KXtK Forrest Cily, Ark. 9511
1<SRV Ontario, Oreg. 380 KTWO Casper, Wyo.
I(X KW Lafayette, La. 520
KSSS Colorado Springs. Colo. 740 KTXJ Jasper, Tex. 350 (VSI Montpelier. Ida. 450
750
I< XL Portland, Oreg.
KSST Sulphur Springs, Tex. 230 KTXO Sherman, Tex. 500 KVSL Show Low, Ariz. 450
240
(VSO Ardmore. Okla. 240 I(XLE Ellensburg. Wash.
KSTA Coleman, Tex. 000 S TY M Inglewood, Calif. 460
490 I( X LF Butte. Mont. 370
KSTB Breckenridge, Tex. 430 KTYN Minot, N.D. 430 (VWC Vernon, Tex. 240
(V W G Pearsall, Tex. 280 I( X L1 Helena, Mont.
l(STL St. Louis, Mo. 690 KUAD Windsor. Colo. 170
I(XLO Lewiston. Mont. 230
KSTN Stockton, Calif. 420 SUAI Elisele, I(anai, Hawaii 720 (VWM Show Low. Ariz. 970
(VWO Cheyenne, Wyo. 370 KXLR Little Rock, Ark. 150
KSTP St. Paul, Minn. 500 KUAM Agana, Guam 610
I(XLW Clayton, Mo. 320
KSTR Grand Junction, Colo. 620 I(UAT Tucson. Ariz. 1550 (VYL Holdenville, Okla. 370
KUBA Yuba City. Calif. 1600 <WAC Bakersfield, Calif. 490 I(XLY Spokane, Wash. 920
KSTT Davenport, Iowa 170
(WAD Wadena, Minn. 920 I( XO El Centro. Calif. 230
KSTV Stephenville, Tex. 510 KUBC Montrose, Colo. 580
I(XOA Sacramento. Calif. 470
590 I(UDE Oceanside. Calif. 1320 IOWA I( Stuttgart. Ark. 240
KSUB Cedar City, Utah (WAL Wallace, Idaho 620 K X01( St. Louis. Mo. 630
KSUD W. Memphis, Ark. 730 S UDI Great Falls, Mont. 1450
990 I(XOL Ft. Worth, Tex. 300
KSUE Susanville, Calif. 1240 KUDL Fairway, Kan. 1380 (WAM Memphis, Tenn.
KWAT Watertown, S.Dak. 950 I( XOW Hot Springs. Ark. 4211
I(SUM Fairmont, Minn. 1370 l(UDU Ventura. Calif. 1590
KXOX Sweetwater, Tex. 240
KSUN Bisbee, Ariz. 1230 IOU DY Spokane, Wash. 1280 (WBA Baytown. Tex. 1360
Alexandria, M inn. 490
1( X RA
KSVC Richfield, Utah 980 KU EN Wenatchee, Wash. 900 (WBB Wichita. Sans. 1410
KUGN Eugene, Oreg. 590 K W BC Navasota, Tex. 1550 KXRB Sioux Falls, S.D. 000
KSVN Ogden. Utah 730
(WBE Beatrice, Nebr. 1450 KX140 Aberdeen. Wash. 320
KSVP Artesia. N.Mex. 990 K U I K Hillsboro, Oreg. 1360
R X San Jose. Calif. 500
KUJ Walla Walla. Wash. 1420 (WBG Boone, Iowa 1590 I( X
KSWA Graham. Tex. 1330
(WBW Hutchinson, Kans. 1450 I(XTO Sherman, Tex. 500
I(SWB Seaside, Ore. 930 KUKA San Antonio, Tex. 1250
<XXL Bozeman. Mont. 450
KSWM Aurora, Mo. 940 SUS! Ukiah, Calif. 1400 (WCB Searcy, Ark. 1300 I
790
1380 KU KU Willow Springs, Mo. 1330 (WCL Oak Grove. La. 1280 KXXX Colby. Sans.
KSWO Lawton, Okla. (WCO Chickasha, Okla, 1560 KXYZ Houston, Tex. 320
KSWS Roswell. N. M. 1020 KULA Honolulu. Hawaii 690
810 I<YA San Francisco. Calif. 200
I(SWW Wickenburg. Ariz. 1250 KULE Ephrata. Wash. 730 KWDR Del Rio. Tex.
KULP El Campo. Tex. 390 (W EB Rochester, Minn. 1270 I(YAC Kirkland. Wash. 4(10
KSXX Salt Lake City, Utah 630
KU LY Ulysses, Ilan. 420 (WED Seguin. Tex. 1560 KYAT( Anchorage, Alaska 630
KSYC Yreka, Calif. 1490
290 KWE1 Weiser, Idaho 1260 I<YAL McKinney. Tex. 600
KSYL Alexandria, La. 970 KUMA Pendleton, Oreg. I(YCA Prescott. Ariz. 490
KSYX Santa Rosa, N.Mex. 1420 KUMU Honolulu, Hawaii 500 (WEL Midland, Tex. 1440
340
I(UNO Corpus Christi, Tex. 400 (WEW Hobbs. N.Mex. 1400 KYCN Wheatland, Wyo.
STAC Tacoma, Wash. 850
(W FA Markle, Tex. 1,50(1 K Y ES Roseburg, Oreg. 950
KTAE Taylor, Tex. 1260 KUOA Siloam Springs, Ark, 290
Minneapolis, Minn. 770 (WFR San Angelo, Tex. 1260 KTET Payette, Idaho 130
KTAR Phoenix, Ariz. 620 KUOM 620 KYJC Medford. Dreg. 210
I(TAT Frederick, Okla. 1570 KUPD Tempe, Ariz. 060 (WFT Wichita Falls, Tex.
KUPI Idaho Falls, Idaho 980 (W G Stockton, Calif. 1230 KYLT Missoula. Mont. 340
I(TBB Tyler. Tex. 600
(WH I Brenham, Tex. 1280 KYME Boise. Idaho 740
KTBC Austin. Tex. 590 KUPI( Garden City, Ilan. 050
1200 KYMN Northfield, Minn 089
KTCB Malden. Mo. 470 KURA Moab, Utah 450 (WH I( Hutchinson, Sans.
(W HN Fort Smith, Ark. 1320 KYND Burlington. la. 150
ITCH Wayne, Neb. 590 (URB Mountlake Terrace, 860 KYNG Coos Bay. Oreg. 420
KTCR Minneapolis, Minn. 690 Wash. 510 (WHO Salt Lake City. Utah
(W H W Altus. Okla. 1450 KYNO Fresno, Calif. 300
KTCS Fort Smith. Ark. 410 (UHL Billings, Mont. 730
240 ((YNT Yankton, S.Dak. 450
STOL Farmersville. La. 470 (URV Edinburg. Tex. 710 (W I I( Pocatello. daho I 1
230 <URY Brookings, Oreg. 910 KWIC Albany. Greg. 790 le YO I( Houston. Tex. 590
I(TDO Toledo. Oreg. KW Ashland. Oreg. 580 I(YOR Blythe. Calif. 450
KT EE Idaho Falls, Idaho 260 (USD Vermillion. S.Dak. 690 I N
'<TEL Walla Walla, Wash. 490 (USH Cushing. Okla. 1600 KWIP Merced, Calif. 580 I(YOS Merced. Calif. 480
KW I Q Moses Lake, Wash. 260 I(YOU Greeley, Colo. 450
KTEM Temple. Tex. 400 (USN St. Joseph. Mo. 1270
280
KUTA Blanding. Utah 790 KW V Douglas. Wyo. 050 KYRO Potosi. Mo.
KTEO San Angelo. Tex. 340 I
I(TER Terrell, Tex. 570 KUTI Yakima, Wash. 980 KW IX Moberly. Mo. 230 I(YSM Mankato, Minn. 230
KTFI Twin Falls, Idaho 270 I(UTY Palmdale, Calif. 1470 I(WIZ Santa Ana. Calif. 480 KYSN Colorado Svgs., Colo. 460
I(UVR Holdredge, Nebr. 1380 I(W11 Portland, Oreg. 080 KYSS Missoula. Mont. 930
KTFS Texarkana. Tex. 400
((WK St. Louis. Mo. 380 KYUM Yuma. Ariz. 560
I(TGO Tioga. N. D. 090 KUXL Golden Valley. Minn. 1570
KTGR Columbia. Mo. 5580 KUZN W. Monroe, La. 1310 KWKC Abilene. Tex. 940 KYVA Gallup. N.Mex. 230
IC W I(H Shreveport, La. 130
KTHE Thermopolis, Wyo. 240 KUZZ Bakersfield. Calif, 800 KYW Philadelphia. Pa. 069
KVAC Forks, Wash. 1490 K W K W Pasadena, Calif. 300
520
KTHO South Lake Tahoe, Cal. 590 KW KY Des Moines, Iowa 150 KYXI Oregon City. Ore.
KTHS Berryville. Ark. 480 KVAL Souk Rapids. Minn. 800 1(ZA K Tyler. Tex. 330
KVAN Vancouver, Wash. 1480 1<WLA Many. La. 530
KTHT Houston, Tex. 790
KWLC Decorah, Iowa 240 I(ZEE Weatherford, Tex. 220
KTIS Thibodaux, La. 600 K VAS Astoria. Ore. 1230
KIEL Eugene. Ore, 540
KTIL Tillamook, Oreg. 1590 KVBR Brainerd, Minn, 1340 I(WLG Wagoner, Okla. 530
89
OCTOBER -NOVEMBER, 1969
W.lTE'S Call Location kHz Call Location kHz Call Location
WALK Patchogue, N.Y. kHz
WCLT Newark, Ohio 430 WDCR Hanover, N.H. 050 WFBG Altoona. Pa. 1290
320 W DDT Greenville, Miss. 900 WEEU Reading. Pa. WFBL Syracuse, N.Y. 1390
WCLU Covington. KY. 420 WEEW Washington, N.C. 1320
WCLW Mansfield, O. 140 WDDY Gloucester, Va. W FBM Indianapolis. Ind. 12110
230 WDEA Ellsworth. Me. 370 WEEX Easton. Pa. 1253900
WFBR Baltimore. Md. 1300
WCMA Corinth. Miss. WDEB Jamestown. Tenn. 500 WEEZ Chester, Pa,
WCMB Harrisburg. Pa. 460 1410 WFBS Spring Lake. N. C. 1450
WDEC Americus, Ga. 290 WEGO Concord, N.C.
WCMC Wildwood, N.J. 230
370 WEGP Presque Isle, Maine 1390 W FCG Franklinton. La. 1 110
WCME Brunswick. Maine 900 WDEF Chattanooga, Tenn. WFCM Winston- Salem. N. C. 1550
WDEH Sweetwater, Tenn. 800 WEHH Elmira Heights -
WCMI Ashland. KY. 340
Horseheads. N.Y. 1590 WFDF Flint. Mich. 910
WCMN Arecibo. P.R. 280 WDEL Wilmington, Del. 150
1480 W FDR Manchester. Ga. 1370
Pine City, Minn. 350 WDEN Macon, Ga. 500 WEHW Windsor. Conn. WFEA Manchester. N.H. 1370
WCMP WEIC Charleston. III. 1270
WCMR Elkhart, Ind, 270 WDEV Waterbury, Vt. 550
1370 WFEB Sylacauga. Ala. 1340
WDEW Westfield, Mass. 570 WEI F Moundsville, W. Va.
WCMS Norfolk. Va. 050
WEIM Fitchburg, Mass. 1280 W F EC Harrisburg. Pa. 1400
WCMT Martin. Tenn. 410 WOOL Douglasville, Ga. 520
W FF F Columbia. M iss. 1360
430 WDGY Minneapolis. Minn. 130 WEI R Weirton. W.Va. 1430
WCMY Ottawa, Ill. WEIS Centre. Ala. 993 WFFG Marathon. Fla. 1300
WCNB Connersville. Ind. 580 WDIA Memphis. Tenn. 070
630 WFGL Fitchburg, Mass. 960
240 WD IC Cliochco. Va. 430 WEJL Scranton. Pa. 1570
WCNC Elizabeth City. N.C. WEKG Jackson, Ky. 810 WFGN Gaffney. S.C.
940 WDIG Dothan. Ala.
450
WCND Shelbyville, Ky. WEKR Fayetteville. Tenn. 240 WFGW Black Mountains,
WCNH Quincy. Fla. 230 W DIX Orangeburg, S.C. 150
340 N.C. 010
WEKY Richmond, Ky.
1
WCNX Middletown. Conn. 450 WELD Fisher, W.Va. 6 90 WFIF Milford. Conn. 1500
WCOA Pensacola. Fla. 370 WOLB Marshfield. Wis. WFIG Sumter. S.C. 1290
Meridian, Miss. 910 WDLC Port Jervis. N.Y. 490 WELE S. Daytona. Fla. 5 90
560
WCOC
490 WDLR Delaware, Ohio 5 50 WELF Tomahawk, Wis. 8 10 WFIL Philadelphia. Pa.
WCOF Immokalee. Fla. 9 60 WELT New Haven. Conn. 9 60 WFIN Findlay. Ohio 1330
WCOG Greensboro. N.C. 320 WDLM E. Molina, Ill. WEIS Fountain Inn. S.C. 1600
400 WDLP Panama City, Fla. 59 O WELK Charlottesville, Va. 10
WCOH Newnan. Ga. 138 O WELM Elmira. N.Y, 4 10 WFIV Kissimmee. Fla. 1080
WC01 Coatesville. Pa. 420 WOLT Indianola. Miss. Miss. 580 WFIW Fairfield. Ill. 1390
WC01< Sparta, N. C. 060 W D M E Dover - Foxcraft, Me. 13 40 WELO Tupelo, WFIX Huntsville, Ala. 1450
8 60 WELP Easley. S.C. 3 60
WCOL Columbus, Ohio 230 WDMG Douglas. Ga. W F I<N Franklin. I<y. 1220
450 WDMJ Marquette. Mich. 13 20 WELR Roanoke. Ala. 3 60
1490
WCON Cornelia, Ga.
150 WDMP Dodgeville. Wis. R 10 WELS Kinston. N.C. 0 in WFKY Frankfort. Ky.
WCOP Boston, Mass. 370 WFLA Tampa, Fla. 970
WCOR Lebanon, Tenn. 900 WDMV Poeomoke City. Md. 5 40 WELV Ellenville. N. Y. WFLB Fayetteville, N C. 1490
3 30
WCOS Columbia. S.C. 400 WONC Durham. N.C. 6 20 WELW Willoughby, O. WFLI Lookout Mtn., Tenn. 1070
240 WELX Xenia, O. I 10
WCOU Lewiston, Maine 240 WONE Elkins. W,Va. WFLN Philadelphia. Pa. 900
WCOV Montgomery. Ala. 170 WDNC Anniston. Ala. 450 WELY Ely, Minn. 4 30
570 WELZ Belzoni. Miss. 4 60 WFLO Farmville. Va. 870
WCOW Sparta, Wis. 290 WDNL Warren. O. 20 WFLR Dundee. N.V. 1570
WCOX Camden. Ala. WDNT Daytnn,Tenn. 280 WEMR Erwin, Tenn. 4
Va.
4 60 WFLS Fredericksburg.
540 1350
580 WDOR Canton. Miss. 370 WEMD Easton, Md. 1360
WCOY Columbia. Pa. Laconia, N.H. 4 90 W F LW Monticello, Ky.
WCPA Clearfield. Pa. 900 WDOC Prestonsburg, KY. 910 WEMJ
WDOD Chattanooga. Tenn. 910 WEMP Milwaukee. Wis. 2 50 WFMC Goldsknrn, N.C. 730
WCPC Houston, M iss. 940
410 WENC Whiteville. N.C. 2 20 W FIND Frederick. Md. 930
WCPH Etowah. Tenn. 1220 WDOE Dunkirk. N.Y. 5 80 WFMH Cullman. Ala. 1460
WCPI< Chesapeake. Va. 1600 WDOG Allendale. S. C. 300 WEND Ebensburg. Pa.
470 WENE Endicott, N.Y. 4 30 WFMJ Youngstown. Ohio 1390
WCPM Cumberland. KY. 1280 WOOL Athens, Ga. 30 WFMO Fairmont. N.C. 860
1450 WDON Wheaton, Md. 5 40WENG Englewood. Fla. 5
WCPR Coamn, P. R.
WENK Union City. Tenn. 2 40 WFMW Madisonville. Ky, 730
WCPS Tarboro. N.C. 760 WDOR Sturgeon Ray, Wis. 9 10 20 WFNC Fayetteville. N.C. 940
WCRA Effingham, Ill. 1090 WOOS Oneonta. N.V. 7 30WENN Birmingham, Ala. 3
400 WENO Madison. Tenn. 430 WFNL No. Augusta. S.C. 600
WCRB Waltham. Mass. 1330 W DOT Burlington, Va. WFOB Fostoria. Ohio 430
WCRE Cheraw. S.C. 1420 WOOV Dover. Del. 410 W E N R Englewood. Tenn. 090
440 WENT Gloversville. N.Y. 940 WFOM Marietta. Ga. 230
WCRI Scottsboro, Ala. 1050 WDOW Dowagiae, Mleh.
580 WENY Elmira, N.V.
230 WFOR Hattiesburg, Miss. on
WCRK Morristown. Tenn. 1150 WDQN DuOuoin, Ill. WFOY St. Augustine. Fla. 240
WCRL Oneonta. Ala. 1570 W D RC Hartford. Conn. 360 WENZ Highland Springs, WFPA Fort Payne. Ala. 400
Va. 450
WCRM Clare, Mich. 990 W DSC Dillon. S.C. 800
WFPG Atlantic City. N.J. 450
WCRO Johnstown. Pa. 1230 WDSG Dyersburg. Tenn. 450 WEDS Poughkeepsie, N.V, 390
WDSK Cleveland, Miss. 410 WEOL Elyria, Ohio 930 WFPM Fort Volley. Ga. 150
WCRS Greenwood. S.C. 1450 910 WFPR Hammond. La. 400
WCRT Birmingham, Ala. 1260 WDSL Mocksville, N. C. 5 20 WEPG S. Pittsburgh. Tenn.
Superior. Wis. WEPM Martinsburg. W.Va. 340 WFRA Franklin. Pa. 450
WCRV Washington, N.J. 1580 WDSM 7 10 I
WDVL Vineland. N.J. 1270 WESB Bradford. Pa. I 490 WFSR Rath. N.V. 1380
WCSS Amsterdam. N.Y, 1490 660 WFST Caribou. Maine 600
WCST Berkeley Springs. WDWD Dawson. Ga. 990 WESC Greenville. S.C.
1010 WDWS Champaign, III. 400 WESO Southbridge. Mass. 970 WFTC Kinston. N.C. 960
W.Va. I
490 WESR Insley. Va. W FTG 330 Lnndnn. I<y. 1400
WCSV Crossville. Tenn, 1520 WDXB Chattanooga. Tenn, 1
540 WETB Johnson City, Tenn. 790 WFTO Fulton. Miss. 1330
WCTR Chestertown, Md. 530 WDXN Clarksville. Tenn. Front Rnval. Va.
560 WETC Wendell- Zehulon. N.C. 540 WFTR
1450
WCTT Corkin. KY. 680 WDXR Paducah. Ky. 1
Martinsville. WFUN
1
800 WFWR
1
790 WEVR River Falls. Wis. 550 WGAC Augusta. Ge. 580
WCVU Portsmouth, Va. 350 WEAQ Eau Claire. Wis. 770 WGAD Gadsden. Ala. 1359
WCWA Tnledn, O. 230 WEAS Savannah. Ga. 900 WEW St. Louis. Mo.
910
080 WGAF Valdosta. Ga.
WCWC Ripon, Wis. 600 WEAT W. Palm Beach. Fla. 050 WEWO Laurinb,rg. Mich. N.G.
349 WfAI
1
Ill. 930 WFXT W Hartford Conn. 550 WGAL Lancaster. Pa. 1499
WCYB Bristol, Va. 690 WEAW Evanston, 1290 WGAN
1
91
OCTOBER-NOVEMBER, 1969
WHITE'S Call Location
Lan 0
kHz Call Location kHz Call
WGWC Selma, Ala.
Location kHz
WGWR Asheboro, N.C. 1340 WHSC Hartsville. S.C. 450 WI RJ Humboldt, Tenn,
WGY Schenectady N.Y.
1260 WHSL Wilmington, N.C. 490 WI RK W. Palm Beach, 740
WGYV Greenville. Ala. 810 HS Hayward. 910 WIRL Peoria, III.
Fla. 290
1380 WHSY Hattiesburg. Miss. 290
WHA Madison, Wis. 970 WHTC Holland, Mich.
I
290 WIRO Ironton, Ohio
290
WHAG Halfway. Md. 1410 WHIG Eatontown, 450 WIRV Irvine, Ky.
N.J. 550
WHAI Greenfield, Mass. 1240 WHUB Cookeville, Tenn. 410 WI RY Plattsburg, N.Y.
340
WHA I< Rogers City, 81 init. 960 WH UC Hudson, N.Y. 400 WIS Columbia, S.C. 560
WHAL Shelbyville, Tenn. 1400 WHU M Reading. 290 WISA Isabella, P.R.
390
WHAM Rochester, N.Y. Pa. 240 W ISE Asheville, N.C.
1180 W 13(1N Huntington. 310
Call Location kHz WHAN Haines City. Fla. 930 WHUT Anderson, Ind.
Pa. 150 WISK Americus, Ga. 390
WHAP Hopewell, Va. 13411 WII VL Hendersonville. N.C. 470 WISL Shamokin, Pa. 480
WGAP Maryville, Tenn. 400 W.Va. 13411 600 W ISM Madison, Wis. 480
W GAR Cleveland. Ohio
220 WHAS Louiscvlle, KY. 840 WHVW Hyde 280 WIEN Milwaukee, Wis.
130
WGAS S. Gastonia, N.C. 420 Philadelphia. Parke N.Y. 950 WISO Ponce, P.R.
WGAT Gate City, Va. V 260
050 WHAV Haverhill. Mass. 1490 WHWH Princeton, N.J. 000 WISP Kinston, N.C. 230
WGAU Athens, Ga. 50 WISR Butler, Pa.
WGAW Gardner. Mass. 340 WHAW Weston, W.Va. 980 WHYD Columbus, Ga. 680
WGB13 Freeport, N.Y. 340 WHAZ Troy, N.Y. 1330 WHYL Carlisle. Pa. WISS Berlin, Wis. 090
WGBC Chipley, Fla. 240 WHB Kansas City, Mo. 710 WHYN Springfield, Mass. 960 WIST Charlotte, N.C. 240
W GBF Evansville. Ind.
240 WHBB Selma, Ala. 1490 WHYP North
East, Pa,
560 WISV Virougua, Wis. 360
WGBG Greensboro. N.C. 280 WHBC Canton, Ohio 1480 WHYZ Greenville, S. C. 1530 WISZ Glen Burnie, Md. 590
400 WHO F Rock Island. III. 1270 WIAC San Juan, P.R.
1070 WITA San Juan, P.R.
W IBI Scranton, Pa. WHBG Harrisonburg, Va. 740 WITH Baltimore, Md.
140
WGBR Goldsboro. N. C. 910 1300 WIAM Williamston, N.C. 230
150 W H BL Sheboygan, Wis. 1330 WIBA Madison. Wis. 900 WITL Lansing, Mich. 010
WGBS Miami, Fla. 710 WHBN Harrodsburg, Ky. 1310 WITN Washington, N.C.
WGCB Red Lion. Pa. 1420 WIRE Macon, Ga. 930
440 WHBO Tampa. Fla. 1050 WIBC Indianapolis,
1280 WITY Danville, Ill, 980
WGCD Chester. S.C. 490 WH B0 Memphis. Tenn, Ind. 1070 WITZ Jasper, Ind.
WGCH Greenwich, Conn. 560 WIBG Philadelphia, Pa. 990
490 WHBT Harriman, Tenn. 1600 WIBM Jackson. Mich. 990 WIVE Ashland, Vs. 1430
WGCM Gulfport, Miss, WIVK
240 WHBU Anderson, Ind. 1240 WI BR Baton Rouge,
1450 Knoxville, Tenn. 850
WGEA Geneva. Ala. WHBY Appleton. Wis. La. 1300 WIVV Vieques, P.R.
WGEE Indianapolis. Ind. 150 1230 WIBU Poynette, Wis. 1370
590 WHCC Waynesville, N.C. 1400 WIBV Belleville, Ill.
1240 WIVY Jacksonville. Fla. 1050
WGEN Genesen, III. 500 WHCO Sparta, III. 1260 WIXE Monroe, N.C.
WGEM Quincy, Ill. 1230 WIBW Topeka, Kans. 1190
440 WHCQ Spartanburg, S.C. 1400 WI BX Utica, N.Y. 580 WIX Lancaster, Ky.
I
1280
WGEN Genesco. Ill. 500 WHCU Ithaca, N.Y. 950 WI X K New Richmond, Wle.
870 WICC Bridgeport, 1590
WGET Gettysburg, Pa. 920 WH DF Houghton, Mich. Conn. 600 WIXN Dixon. Ill,
WGEZ Beloit. Wis. 1400 WICE Providence. R.I. 1460
490 WHO H Boston. Mass. 850 290 W IXX Oakland Park, Fla.
WGFA Watseka, 111. WHDL Olean.
WICH Norwich, Conn. 310 WIXY Cleveland, O.
1520
WGI-S Covington. Ga.
360 N.Y. 1450 WICK Scranton, Pa. 1260
WGGA Gainesville, Ga, 430 WHOM McKenzie, Tenn. 1440 WICO Salisbury. Md.
400 WIXZ McKeesport, Pa. 1360
550 WHEB Portsmouth, N.H. 750 WICY Malone, N.Y. 320 WIYN Rome. Ga. 1960
WGGG Gainesville, Fla. 230 WHEC Rochester. N.Y. 490 WIZE Springfield. Ohio
WGGH Marion, Ill. 1460 WIDE Biddeford, Maine 1340
150 WH EE Martinsville, Va. 1370 WI DD Elizabethton, Tenn,
400 WIZO Franklin, Tenn,
WGGO Salamanca, N.Y. 1380
590 WHEL New Albany, Ind. 1570 WIDG St. Ignace, Mich.
520 WIZR Johnstown, N. Y. 930
WGH Newport News, Va. 910 WHEN Syracuse, N.Y. 940 WIZS Henderson, N.C.
WGHC Clayton, Ga. 620 WIDU Fayetteville, 1450
570 W H EO Stuart, Va. 1270 WI EL Elizabethtown, N.C. 600 WIZZ Streator, Ill. 1250
WGHM Skowcgan, Maine 150 WHEP Foley, Ala. Ky. 400 WJAB Westbrook, Me.
WGHN Grd. Haven. Mich. 1310 WIFE Indianapolis, Ind. 1440
370 WH ER Memphis. Tenn. 1430 WIFF Auburn, Ind,
310 WJAC Johnstown, Pa. 830
WGHQ Kingston, N.Y. 920 WHFB Benton Harbor -St. 150 WJAG Norfolk, Nebr.
WGIC Xenia, O. Ioseph Mi WIFM N.C. 540 WJAK
780
500 1060 WIGG W gegins, Jackson, Tenn. 1460
WGIG Brunswick, Ga. 440 W HGR Houghton L., Mich. Miss, 420 WJAM Marion, Ala.
WGIL Galesburg. 111. 1290 WIGM Medford, Wis, 1310
400 WH H H Warren. Ohio 1440 WIGO Atlanta, Ga. 490 WJAR Providence, R.I. 920
WGIR Manchester, N.H. 610 WHHM Henderson, Tenn. 040 WIAS Pittsburgh, Pa,
WGIV Charlotte, N.C. 1580 WIGS Gouverneur. 1320
600 WHHO Hornell, N.Y. 1320 WIII Homestead,
N.Y, 230 WJAT Swainsboro, Ga.
WG KA Atlanta, Ga. 800
190 WHHV Hillsville, Va. 1400 WIIN Atlanta, Ga.
Fla. 430 WJAX Jacksonville, Fla. 990
WGKR Perry, Fla, 310 WHHY Montgomery, Ala. 970 WIAY Mullins, S.C.
WGL Fort Wayne, Ind. 440 WIKB Iron River, Mich. 280
250 WHIG Hardinsburg, Ky. 520 WI KC Bogalusa, La. 230 WJAZ Albany. Ga. 960
WGLB Port Wash., Wis. 560 WHI E Griffin, Ga. 490 WJBB Haleyville, Ala.
WGLC Mendota, Ill 1320 WIKE Newport, 230
WHIH Portsmouth, Va. Vt.
1400 WI KI Chester, Va. 490 WIBC Bloomington, Ill.
WGLI Babylon, N.Y. 1290 W HIL Medford. Mass. 230
430 WI KY Evansville, Ind. 410 WJBD Salem. III. 350
WGMA Hollywood. Fla. 1320 WHIM Providence, R.I. 820 WJBE Knoxville, Tenn.
WGMF Watkins Glen. N.V. 1500 WH IN Gallatin, Tenn.
I 110 WIL St. Louis, Mo. 430 WJBK Detroit, Mich.
430
WGML Hinesville, Ga. 1010 WI LA Danville, Va. 500
990 W HIO Dayton, Ohio 1290 WILD Boston, Mass, 580 WJBL Holland. Mich. 260
WGMS Bethesda, Md. 570 WHIP Mooresville, N,C, 090 WJBM Jerseyeille, Ill.
WGN Chicago. III. 720 WHIR Danville, Ky.
1350 WILE Cambridge, Ohio 270 WJBO Baton Rouge, La.
480
WGNC Gastonia, N.C, 1230 WILT Willimantic, 150
WCNE Panama City
1450 WH IS Bluefield, W.Va.
WHIT New Bern, N.C.
1440 WILK Wilkes- Barre,Conn.
Pa,
400 WIGS DeLand. Fla.
980 WJBY Gadsden, Ala.
490
Beach, Fla. 1480 WHIZ Zanesville, Ohio
1450 WILL Urbana, Ill. 580 WJCD Seymour, Ind.
930
WGNI Wilmington, N.C. 1240 WI LM Wilmington, Del. 390
1450 W HJB Greensburg, Pa. 620 WILO Frankfort. 450 WJCM Sebring, Fla. 960
WGNP Indian Rocks Beach. W HIC Matawan, W,Va, 1360 Ind. 570 WICO Jackson, Mich
WI LS Lansing. 510
WH I< Cleveland, Ohio WILY Centralia, MIII.ich. 320 WJCW Johnson City, Tenn.
Fla. 1520
WGNS Murfreesboro, Tenn. 1420 910
1450 WH KP Hendersonville, N.C. 1450 210 WJDA Quincy, Maas.
300
WGNU Granite City, III. WHKY Hickory, N.C. W i LZ St. Petersburg Beath.
920 1290 Fla. WJOB Thomasville, Ala. 630
WGNY Newburgh, N.Y. 1220 WHLB Virginia, Minn. 590 WJDX Jackson. Miss.
WGOC Kingsport, Tenn. 1400 WI MA Lima, Ohio 620
1090 WH LD Niagara Falls, N.Y, 1270 WIMO Winder, Ga. WJDY Salisbury, Md. 470
WGOE Richmond, Va. 1590 WH LF South Boston, Va. 300 WJEF Grand Rapids, Mich.
WGOG Walhalla, WHLI Hempstead N.Y.
1400 WIMS Michigan City, Ind. 420
230
WGOH Grayson, Ky,
S. C. 1000 1100 WINA Charlottesville, Va, WJEH Gallipolis, Ohio 990
1370 WHLL Wheeling. W.Va. 1600 WINO Winchester, Va, 070 WJEJ Hagerstown, Md, 240
WGOK Mobile, Ala. 900 WHLM Bloomsburg, Pa. 400 WJEM Valdosta, Ga.
WGOL Goldsboro, N.C. WH LN Harlan, Ky,
550 WIND Chicago, Ill. 150
1300 1410 WINE Brookfield, 560 WJER Dover, Ohio 450
WGON Munising, Mich. 1400 WHLO Akron, Ohio Conn, 940 WJES Johnston. S.C.
WGOV Valdosta, Ga. 640 WINF Manchester, Conn, 570
950 WH LP Centerville, Tenn. 1570 WI NG Dayton, Ohio 290 WJET Erie, Pa. 400
WGOW Chattanooga, Tenn. 1150 WH LS Part Huron, Mich, 410 WiFC Jefferson City, Tenn.
WGPA Bethlehem. Pa. 1450 WINH Georgetown. S. C. 480
1100 W HLT Huntington, Ind. 1300 WINI Murphyshoro, Ill. 470 WJGA Jackson, Ga. 540
WGPC Albany. Ga, 1450 WH MA Anniston, Ala. 420 WJH0 Opelika, Ala.
WGR Buffalo, N.Y. WH MC
1390 WINK Fort Myers, Fla. 240
400
550 Gaithersburg, Md. 1150 WIN N Louisville, Ky. WJIC Salem, N. J. 510
WGRA Cairo. Ga. 790 WH MI Howell, Mich. 240 WJIG Tullahoma, Tenn.
WGRD Grand Rapids, Minh. WH MP
1350 WINO Tampa, Fla. 010
740
1410 Northampton, Mass. 1400 WINR Binghamton, N.Y. W11L Jacksonville, Ill. 550
WGRI Griffin, Ga, 1410 WHN New York, N.Y. 680 WJIM Lansing, Mich.
WGRM Greenwood. Miss. 1050 WINS New York, N.Y. 240
1240 WHNC Henderson, N.C. 890 WINT Winter Haven. 010 WJJC Commerce, Ga.
WGRO Lake City. Fla. Fla. 270
960 WHNY McComb, Miss. 1250 WINU Highland Park, III. 360 WJ)D Chicago, Ill. 160
WGRP Greenville, Pa. 940 WHO Des Moines. Iowa 1040 WINW Canton, 510 WJJJ Christiansburg, Va.
WGRT Chicago, Ill. 0. 260
950 WHOA San Juan, P.R. 8701 WINX Rockville, Md. 520 WJJL Niagara Falls, N.Y. 440
WGRV Greeneville, Tenn. 1340 WHOC Philadelphia, Miss. 1490 WINY Putnam, Conn. 600 WJJM Lewisburg, Tenn.
WGSA Ephrata, Pa. 950 490
1310 W HOD Jackson, Ala. 1290 WINZ Miami. Fla. WJJ2 Mt. Holly, N. J. 460
WGSB Geneva, 111. 1480 W HO K Lancaster, Ohio 1320 WINU Highland, 940 WJKM Hartsville, Tenn.
WGSM Huntington, N.Y. Ill. 090
740 WHOL Allentown, Pa. 1600 WINW Canton, Ohio 510 WI KY Jamestown, Ky. 060
WGSR Millen, Ga. 1570 WHOM New York, N.Y. 1480 WIOD Miami, 520 WJLB Detroit, Mieh.
WGST Atlanta. Ga. Fla. 400
920 WHON Centerville. Ind. 930 WI01 New Boston Ohio 610 WILD Homewood, Ala. 400
WGSV Guntersville, Ala, 1270 WHO() Orlando, Fla. 990 W101( Normal, Ili, 010 WILE Smithville. Tenn. 480
WGSW Greenwood. S.C. 1350 WHOP Hopkinsville, Ky. 1230 WION Ionia. Mich.
440 WJLK Asbury Park. N. J.
WGTA Summerville, Ga. 430 310
950 WHOS Decatur, Ala. 800 WI00 Carlisle. Pa. WJLS Beckley, W.Va. 560
WGTC Greenville, N.C. 1590 WHOT Campbell, Ohio 000 WIMA Orange, Va.
WGTL I<ennapolis, N.C. 1930 WIGS Tawas City -East 340
870 WHOU Houlton, Maine 1340 Tawas, Mlch WOMB Brookhaven, Miss. 340
WGTM Wilson. N.C. 590 480 WJMC Rice Lake, Wis.
WGTN Georgetown, S.C. WHOW Clinton, III. 1520 WIOU Kokomo, Ind. 950
240
1400
WHOY Salinas, P. R. WJML Petoskey, Mich. 110
WGTO Cypress Gardens, Fla. 1210 WIP Philadelphia, Pa, 610 WJMO Cleveland Hgts., Ohlo 490
WGTR Natick, Mass. 1060
WH P Harrisburg, Pa. 580 WIPC Lake Wales, Fla. 280 WJMR New Orleans, La. 990
WGUL New Port Richey, Fla. 1500 W HPB Belton, S C. 1390 WIPR San Juan. P.R. 940 WJMS Ironwood, Mich. 590
WGUN Atlanta. Decatur, W HI'E H igh Point, N.C. 1070 WIQT N.Y. 250 WJMW Athens, Ala.
WI RA Ft.
Horseheads,
Pierce, 730
Ga. 1010 WHPL Winchester, Va. 610 Y. 000 WJMX Florence, S.C. 970
WGUS North Augusta, S.C. 1380 WHRF Riverhead, N.Y. WIBA Ft.
1570 WIRB
Pierce, Fla.
Enterprise, Ala.
400 WINO Jacksonville, N.C. 1240
WGUY Bangor, Maine 1250 WH RN Herendon, Va. 600 WIND W. Palm Beach. Fla. 1230
1440 WIRC Hickory, N.C.
WGVA Geneva. N.Y. 1240 W H RT Hartselle, Ala. 630 W JOB Hammond, Ind. 1230
WGVM 860 WIRD Lake Placid, N.Y. 920 WIDE Port St.
Greenville, Miss. 1260 WHRY Elizabethtown, Pa. 1600 WIRE Indianapolis, Ind. Joe, Fla. 1080
1430 W101 Florence, Ala. 1940
WJZM Clarksville Tenn. 1400 WKRM Columbia, Tenn. 400 WMFR High Point. N.C. 1230
1080 WKRO Cairo, Ill. 11454900 WLLH Lowell. Mass. WMOA Moultrie, Ga. 1190
WKAC Athens. Ala. 1220 WLLL Lynchburg. Va.
WKAI Macomb, Ill. 1510 WKRS Waukegan, Ill. 600 WMGR Bainbridge. Ga. 930
W K RT Cortland, N.Y. 920 WLLS Hartford. Ky. Bowling Green, Ohio 730
WKAJ Saratoga Springs, WLLY Wilson. N.C. 350 WMGS
N.V. 900 WKRW Cartersville, Ga. Md. 950 WMGW Meadville. Pa. 1490
1450 WKRZ Oil City, Pa. 340 WLMD Laurel, Montgomery. Ala. 800
WKAL Rome, N.Y. 300 WLMS Leominster. Mass. 000 WMGY
WKAM Goshen, Ind. 1460 WKSC Kershaw, S.C. 300 WMIA Arecibo, P. R. 1070
1320 WKSK W. Jefferson, N.C. 600 WLNC Laurinburg. N.C.
W 1(AN Kankakee, Ill. WMIC Sandusky. Mich. 1560
1320 WKSN Jamestown. N.Y. 340 WLMI Jackson, Ohio
WKAP Allentown. Pa. 090 WLNA Peekskill. N.Y. 4 20 WMID Atlantic City. N.J. 1340
WKAQ San Juan, P.R. 580 WKSP Kingstree, S. C. 3 00 WMIK Middlesboro, Ky. 560
Tenn. 420 WLNC, Laurinhure, N.C.
WKAR East Lansing, Mich. 870 W KSR Pulaski, Castle. Pa. 280 WLNG Sag Harbor, NY. 6 00 WMIL Milwaukee. Wis. 1290
W 1(AT Miami Beach. Fla. 1960 WKST New
N.H. 9 50 WMIM Mt. Carmel, Pa.
1590
1050 WKIC Charlotte, N.C. 31 0 WLNH Laconia.
WKAU Kaukanna, Wis. O 90 WLOA Braddock. Pa. 5 50
W KAY Glasgow. Ky. 1490 WKTE King, N.C. WMIQ Iroons Mountain's Mieh. 1450
7 30 WLOB Portland. Maine
3
W KAZ Charleston. W.Va. 950 W I(TG Thomasville. Ga. Ky. 50 WMIR Lake Geneva, Wis. 1550
1550 W KTJ Farmington. Maine 3 80 WLOC Munfordville, 1
WKBA Vinton. Va. WLOD Pompano Beach. Fla. 80 WMIS Natchez, Miss. 1240
WKBC N. Wilkesboro. N.C. 810 W KTQ South Paris, Maine 4 50
WMIX Mt. Vernon, III. 940
9 50 WLOE Leaksville, N.C. 9 90
WKBH La Crosse. Wis. 1410 WKTS Sheboygan, Wis. Fla. 9 50 WMJL Marion. Ky. 1010
1600 WKTX Atlantic Beach, Fla. 6 00 WLOF Orlando, Cordele.
WKBJ Milan. Tenn. Wis. 5 80 WLOG Logan. W.Va. 2 30
1220 W KTY LaCrosse.
4 0 WMKR Millie
WKBK Keene. N.H. Me. 1240
1250 WKUL Cullman. Ala. 3 40 WLOH Princeton. W.Va.
WKBL Covington, Tenn. 9 20 WL01 LaPorte, Ind. 5 40 WMKT S. St. Paul, Minn. 1370
WKBN Youngstown. Ohio 570 WKVA Lewistown, Pa. 1570
Juan, P.R. 10 WLOK Memphis, Tenn. 3 40 WMLO Beverly, Mass.
WKBO Harrisburg. Pa. 1230 WKVM San 8
Minn. 30 WMLP Milton. Pa. 1380
WKBQ Garner. N.C. 1000 WKVO Havelock, N.C. 3 30 WLOL Minneapolis, 3
WMLS Sylacauga. Ala. 1290
1250 WKVT Brattleboro, Vt. 4 90 WLON Lincointon, N.C. 50
WKBR Manchester. N.H. WKWF Key West, Fla. 6 00 WLOP Jesup, Ga. 870 WMLT Dublin, Ga. 1330
W K BV Richmond. Ind. 1490
4 00 WLOR Thomasville. Ga. 30 WMMB Melbourne. Fla. 1240
WKBW Buffalo. N. Y. 1520 WKWK Wheeling. W.Va. 80 WMMH Marshall, N.C. 1460
WLOS Asheville. N.C. 7
N.C. 100800 WKWS Reeky Mount, Va. 90
2 50 WLOT Marinette, Wis. 3 00 WMMI Lancaster, N.Y.
1300
W KBY Chatham, Va. WKXL Concord. N.H. WMMM Westport, Conn. 1260
WKXR Exeter, N.H. 5 40 WLOU Louisville. KY. 3 50
WKBZ Muskegon, Mich. 850
Washington, Ga. 70 WMMN Fairmont. W.Va.
WKCT Bowling Green, KY. 930 WKXV Knoxville, Tenn. 9 00 WLOV WMMW Meriden. Conn, 1920
9 30 WLOW Aiken, S.C. 3 00
W KCU Corinth, Miss. 1350 WKXY Sarasota. Fla. WMNA Gretna. Va. 730
9 30 WLOX Biloxi Miss. 4 90
WKCW Warrenton, Va. 1420 WKY Oklahoma City. Okla. WMNB No. Adams. Mass. 1230
1300 WKYB Hemingway, S. C. 0 00 WLPH Irondale, Ala. 80
N.C.
W KCY Harrisonburg. Va. 00 W LPM Suffolk, Va. 450 WMNC Morganton, 1430
WKDA Nashville. Tenn. 1240 WKYC Cleveland, Ohio I
220 WMNE Menomonie. Wis. 1360
1000 WKYE Bristol. Tenn. 550 WLPO LaSalle. Ill.
W K D E Altavista, Va. 540 WLPS Lehighton, Pa. 150 WMNI Columbus, Ohio
W I(D I( Newberry. S.. 1240 W KY Burnsville, N. C. 940 WMNS Olean. N.Y. 1360
1600 WKYO Caro, Mich. 00 WLQH Chielland, Fla.
W K DL Clarksdale, Miss. 570 WLRC Whitehall. Mich. 490 WMNT Manati, P.R. 1500
WKDO Liherty, Ky. 1560 WKYX Paducah. Ky. WMNZ Montezuma, Ga. 1050
WKYZ Madisonville, Tenn. 250 WLS Chicago, III. 890
WKDR Plattsburgh, N.Y. Pa. 9 00 W LSB Copper Hill, Tenn. <00 WMOA Marietta, Ohio 1490
WKDX Hamlet, N. C. 1250 WKZA Kane,
1110 W KZ1 Casey, Ill. 800 Loris. S.C.
WKDZ Cadiz. KY.
WKEE Huntington. W. Va. 800 WKZO Kalamazoo. Mich.
W LSC
590 WLSD Big Stone Gap, Va. 2 0 WMOC Chattanooga, Tenn. 1450
1490
510 WLSE Wallace. N.C. 400 WMOG Brunswick. Ga.
WKEI Kewanee. Ill. 1450 WLAC Nashville. Tenn. 1
W K F E Yauce. P.R. 410 WLTN Littleton. N. H. 400 WMOV Ravenswood. W.Va. 1360
WKFR Battle Creek. Mich, 1340 1400 W LAQ Rome. Ga.
220 WMOX Meridian, Miss,
1
P. R. I 600
1390 WLAU Laurel. Miss. 34100 WLUZ Bayamon, 920
590 WMPL Hancock. Mich.
1
93
OCTOBER- NOVEMBER, 1969
WHITE'S; Call Location kHz' Call Location kHz Call Location kHz
LEA .-J i O
WNVY Pensacola, Fia. 1290 WPEN Philadelphia, Pa.
WNWI Valparaiso, Ind. 950 WRBL Columbus, Ga.
1060 WPEO Peoria, III. 1420
WNXT Portsmouth, Ohio 1260 WPEP Taunton, Mass.
1020 WRBN Warner Robins, Ga. 1600
1570
aoc
WNYC New York. N.Y. 830 WPET Greensboro, N.C. WRC Washington, D.C. 980
WNYN Canon, O. 900 WPFA Pensacola, Fla.
950
WRCD Dalton, Ga. 1430
WNYR Rochester, N.Y. 790
WRCH New Britain, Conn.
680 WPFB Middletown, Ohio WRCK
910 Tuseumbia, Ala.
910
WOAI San Antonio, Tex. 200 WPGA Perry, Ga. 980 1410
WOAP Owosso. Mich. 080 WPGC Bradbury lights., Md. 1580 WRCO Richland Center,
WOAY Oak Hill. W.Va. 860 WPGF Burgaw, N. C. Wis. 1450
WOBS Jacksonville. Fla. 1470 WRCP Philadelphia, Pa.
360 WP6M Danville, Pa. 1540
Call Location kHz WOBT Rhinelander, Wis. 240 WPGW Portland, Ind.
1570 WRCS Ahoskie, N.C. 970
WAC Davenport. Iowa 1440 WRDB Reedsburg. Wis.
WMTC Vancleve. KY. 420 WPHB Philipsburg, Pa, 1260 1400
730 WOCB W. Yarmouth, Mass. 240 WPHC Waverly, Tenn. WRDN Durand, Wis. 1430
WMTD Hinton. W. Va. 1980 WOCH North Vernon, Ind. 1060 WRDO Augusta, Maine
WMTE Manistee, Mich. WOCN Miami. Fla.
460 WPHM Port Huron, Mich. 1380 1400
1340 450 WPIC Sharon, Pa. WRDS S. Charleston, W.Va. 1410
WMTL Leitchfield, Ky. 1580 WOCO Oconto, Wis. 260 WPID Piedmont, Ala.
790 WRD
WMTM Ga. 1300 WODI Brookneal. Va. 1280 WREB Holyoke,
WMTN Morristtown, Tenn. WODY Bassett, Va.
230 WPIK Alexandria, Va. Mass,
730 WREC Memphis. Tenn. 1930
WMTR Morristown, N.J.
1300 900 WPIP Collierville, Tenn. 1590 WREL Lexington, Va. 600
1250 WOGA Sylvester, Ga. 540 WPIT Pittsburgh. Pa. 1450
WMTS Murfreesboro, Tenn. 810 WOGO New Smyrna Beach, WREN Topeka.
WMUS Muskegon, Mich. 1240 1250
WM U U Greenville. S.C.
1090 Fla. 550 WPKO Waverly Ohio REO tabula, Ohio
1260 WOHI E. Liverpool, Ohio 490 WPKY Princeton, Ky. 1380 Reidsville.
WMVA Martinsville, Va.
WMVB Miliville, N.J. 1450 WOHO Toledo, Ohio 470 WPLA Plant City, Fla.
1580
910
WREX rad Jction, Colo. 1 920
1440 WOHS Shelby, N.C. WPLB Greenville, Mich. Ind,
WMVG Milledgeville. Ga. 1450 WOI Ames, Iowa 1980 WRFC Athens!bGa.
1
WSTX Christiansted, V.I. 970 WTRI Brunswick. Md. Cadillac. Mich. 370
WSBC Chicago. Ill. 1240 WTRL Bradenton. Fla. 490 WWAM
WSBR Boca Raton. Fla. 740 WSUB Groton, Conn. 980 340 WW BA St. Petersburg. Fla. 680
WSUH Oxford, Miss. 1420 WTRN Tyrone. Pa. 330 W W BC Cocoa, Fla. 510
WSBS Gt. Barrington, Mass. 860 910 WTRO Dyersburg. Tenn. Bamberg- Denmark.
WSBT South Bend. Ind. 960 WSUI Iowa City, Iowa a. 620 WWBD
740
WSBP Chattahoochee, Fla. 580 WSUN St. Petersburg. Fla. 620 400 S.C.
WSUX Seaford. Del. 1280 WIRR Sanford QeFla aml WWBR Windber, Pa. 3500
WSCM Panama City Beach. 800 WTRU Muskegon. Mich.
Vineland. N.J. 360
Fla. 290 WSUZ Palatka, Fla. WTRX Flint, Mich. 3311 W W BZ
270
280 WSVA Harrisonburg. Va. Gary. Ind.
5511
980 WWCA
22770
WSCO Taylorsville, Miss. 1520 WIRY Troy. N.Y.
WSCH Scranton, Pa. 320 WSVL Shelbyville. Ind. WTSA Brattleboro. Vt. 450 WWCC Bremen. Ga.
440
1490 Clarion. Pa.
WSCV Peterborough, N.H. 050 WSVN Valdese, N.C. 340 WWCH
1490 WTSB Lumberton. N.C. WWCM Brazil. Ind. 580
W SD Ft Sterling. Ill. 240 WSVM Valdese. N.C. WTSL Hanover - Lebanon. 240
480 WSVP West Warwick, R.I. 145 400 W WCO Waterbury Conn
WSDS Ypsilanti. Mich. New Hampshire
270 W W DA Wisconsin Dells, Wis, 990
540 WSVS Crewe. Va.
WSEB Sebring. Fla.
440 WSWN Belle Glade. Fla. 900 WTSN Dover. N.H. 230 WWDC Washington. D.C. 260
WSEL Pontotoc, Mita. Gap, Va. 1570 WTSV Claremont,
N.H. 080
WSEM Donaldsonville, Ga. 500 WSWV Pennington Fla. 490 WWDR Murfreesboro. N. C.
1590 WTTB Vero Beach, 550 W W GM Nashville, Tenn,
560
WSEN Baldwinsville, N.Y. 050 WSWW Platteville. Wis. WTTC Towanda. Pa.
WSYB Rutland. Vt. 1980 600I WWGO Erie. Pa.
1300 WTTF Tiffin, Ohio
WSER Elkton. Md. 550
410 WSYD Mt. Airy. N.C. 530 W W G P Sanford. N.C. 050
WSET Glen Falls. N.Y. 1490 WTTI Dalton. Ga. 430
930 WSYL Sylvania. Ga. Ky. 310 W W GS Tifton. Ga.
WSEV Sevierville. Tenn. 0 WTTL Madisonville. WW IJ G Hornell. N.Y. 320
240 WSYR Syracuse. N.Y.
WSEW Selingsgrove, Pa. 1370 WTTM Trenton, N.J.
9211
WTAB Tabor City. N.C. 580 WWHY Huntington. W.Va.
470
WSFB Quitman. Ga. 490
600 WTTN Watertown.
Wis. 400
240 WTAC Flint, Mich. 520 WWIN Baltimore, Md.
WSFC Somerset. 1(y,
300 WTAD Quincy. III. 930 WTTO Toledo. Ohio 470 WW IS Black River Falls,
WSFR Sanford, Fla. 250 WTTR Westminster, Md. Wis. 260
220 WTAE Pittsburgh. Pa. Ind. 370
WSFT Thomaston. Ga. WTAG Worcester, Mass. 580 WITS Bloomington. 430 W W IT Canton. N.0 970
WSFW Seneca Falls, N.Y. 110
Fla. 560 WTTT Amherst.
Mass. 950
400 WTAI Eau Gallia. WTUG Tuscaloosa. Ala. 790 WW) Detroit. M ich.
WSGA Savannah, Ga. Mich. 090 400 WW1 B Brooksville Fla. 5450
WSGB Sutton, W.Va. 490 WTAK Garden City. 450 WTUP Tupelo, Miss.
290 WWDC Superior, Wis. 1270
WSGC Elberton. Ga. 400 WTAL Tallahassee, Fla. 340 WTUX Wilmington. Del.
610 WTAN Clearwater, Fla. 590 WWI(E Ocala. Fla. 1370
WSGN Birmingham, Ala. WTAP Parkersburg. W.Va. 230 WTVB Coldwater, Mich. 490 WW KO Fair Bluff. N.C. 1480
WSGO Oswego, N.Y. Maine
790 WTAQ LaGrange. Ill. 300 WTVL Waterville. Ohio 610 W W I(Y Winchester. I(y. 1380
WSGW Saginaw, Mich. WTVN Columbus,
N.C. 400 WTAR Norfolk. Va. Va. 380 W W L New Orleans. La. 8711
WSHB Raeford
WTAW Bryan, Tex. 790 WTVR Richmond, 240 WWLE Cornwall. N.Y. 1170
WSHF Sheffield, Ala. 290
240 WTWA Thomson. Ga.
550 WTAX Springfield. III. 570 W W M L Portage, Pa. 11711
WSHN Fremont, Mich. WTWB Auburndale. Fla.
WSHO New Orleans. La. 230 WTAY Robinson, III. 570 Vt. 3411 WWNC Asheville. N.C. `
480 WTBC Tuscaloosa. Ala. 230 WTWN St. Johnsbury,Mass. 490 WWNH Rochester. N.H. 930
WSHP Shippenburg. Pa. WTBF Troy. Ala. 970 WTXL W. Sngfd., WWNR Beckley, W.Va. 620
WSIB Beaufort, S.C. 490
450 WTYC Rock Hill. S.C. I 50
400 WTRO Cumberland Md. 290 W W NS Statesboro. Ga. 1240
WSIC Statesville, N.C. 590 WTYL Tylertown. Miss. WWNY Watertown. N.Y, 740
WSID Baltimore. Md. 010 WTBY Waterbury. Conn. WTYM East Longmeadow, 1350
WSIG Mount Jackson, Va. 790 WTCA Plymouth. Ind. 0 50
M ass. 600 WWOD Lynchburg, Vo.
490 WTCB Flomaton. Ala. 9 90 550 W WO K Charlotte. N.C. 1450
WSIP Paintsville. Ky. 60 WTYN Tryon, N.C. WWOL Buffalo. N.Y. 1120
WSI R Winter Haven, Fla. 490 WICH Shawano. Wis. 9
Marianna. Fla. 340
WTCI Tell City. Ind. 12 30 WTYS WWOM New Orleans, La. 000
WS1V Pekin. Ill. 140 WTZE Tazewell. Va. 4711
WSI X Nashville. Tenn. 980 WTCM Traverse City, Mich. 14 00 WUBE Cincinnati, O. 230 W W O N Woonsocket. R.I. 1740
810 WTCO Campbellsville. Ky. 14 50 010 WWOW Conneaut. Ohio 1960
WSJC Magee. Miss. WUOO Lewisburg. Pa.
W S1 M St. Joseph. Mich. 400 WTCR Ashland. Ky. 14 20 260 Williamsport. Pa.
WW PA 1340
230 WTCS Fairmont. W.Va. 14 90 WUFE Baxley, Ga. WWPF Palatka, Fla. 130
WSJR Modawaska, Me. 710
9 20 WUFF Eastman, Ga.
1
WSKT Knoxville. Tenn. 580 WTHB Augusta. Ga. WUNA Aquadilla. P. R. 340 WWSR St. Albans. Vt. 1424000
WSLG Donaldsonville. La. 090 WTHM Lapeer. Mich. 320 WWUN Jackson. Miss. 1590
500 WUNO Rio Piedras. P.R.
WSLI Jackson. Miss. 930 WTHN Thomaston. Ga. 1
600 WWVA Wheeling. W.Va. 1170
590 WTHT Hazleton. Pa. 900 WUNR Brookline. Mass.
WSMA Marine City. Mich. 270 W W W B Jasper. Ala. 1360
450 WUOK Cumberland, Md.
1
540 WTIX New Orleans, La. 690 WVCB Shallotte. N. C. WXLI Dublin, Ga. 1230
WSMI Litchfield. 111. WVCF Windermere, Fla. 480
190 WIJH East Point, Ga. I 260 WXLL Big Delta, Alaska 980
WSML Graham. N.C. 59U WTJS Jackson. Tenn. 390 WVCG Coral Gables, Fla. 080
950
WSMN Nashua. N.H.
1
WSOI( Savannah. Ga. 230 WT M B Wisconsin Rapids. 460 WVLK Lexington. 1(y. 590 WXVI Riviera Bch. Fla.
600
Wis. 741 WXVW Jeffersonville. Ind. 450
WSOL Tampa. Fla. Oeala, Fla. I 290 WVLN Olney. III. 310
WSOM Salem. Ohio 6 WTMC
WVLY Water Valley. Miss. 1320 WXXX Hattiesburg, Miss.
WSON Henderson. KY.
WINE Trenton, Tenn. I 500
WVMC Mt. Carmel. III. 13611 WXYC Ft. Myers. Fla. 350
WTMJ Milwaukee. Wis. 62fi 270
WSO 0 Slt. Ste. Marie. Mich. 290 WTMP Tampa Fla. 1150 WVMG Cochran. Ga.
1440 WXYZ Detroit. Mich.
570 WYAL Scotland Neck. N.C.
280
WSOQ No. Syracuse, N.Y. 220
Camden. N.J. 800 WVMI Biloxi. Miss. 450
Ill. 940 WTMR 620 WYAM Bessemer, Ala.
WSOY Decatur.
950 WTMT Louisville. KY. 620 WVMT Burlington. Vt. 050
WSPA Spartanburg, S.C. 790 WVNA Tuscumhia. Ala. 1590 WYBG Massena, N. Y.
WSPR Sarasota, Fla. 450 WTNC Thomasville. N.C. WVNJ Newark. N.1 620 WYCL York. S.C.
970 WINO Oranneburg. S.C.
090
NSPD Toledo. Ohio 380 WVOB Bel Air, Md. I520 WYDE Birmingham. Ala, 850
WTNN Millington, Tenn. WYDK Yadkinville. N.C. 1480
WSPF Hickory, N.C. 000
WINS Coshocton. Ohio 960 WVOC Battle Creek. Mich. 15110
1150
270 270 WVOE Chadburn, N.C. 1590 WYFE Roc kcord. 111.
WSPR Springfield. Mass. WTNT Tallahassee. Fla. 920 WYGO Corbin. I(y. 1390
WSPT Stevens Pt., Wis. 010
WTOB Winston -Salem. N.C. San WVnH Jacksonville, Hazelhurst. no 1550
490 WTOC Savannah. Ge. 290 WVOJ Fla. 1320 WYHE Bristol. Tenn.
WSRA Milton. Fla. Rirminnham. Ala. 000 WYLD New Orleans. La. 940
WSRC Durham, N.C. 410 WTOD Toledo. Ohio 560 WV0I( WYLO Jackson. Wis. 540
580 WTOE Saruee Pine. N.C. 470 WVOL Berry Hill. Tenn. 1470
1410
WSRF Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. 24n WVOM luka, Miss. 1270 WYMB Manning. S.C.
WSRO Marlborough. Masa. 470 WTON Staunton. Va. 145(1 WYNA Raleigh. N. C. 1550
590 WTOO Bellefontaine, O. 390 WVON Cicero. 111. 1280
WSRW Hillsboro. Ohio 970 W Y N D Sarasota, Fla.
570 WTOP Washington, D.C. 500 WVOP Vidalia, Ga,
WSSA College Park. Ga.
95
OCTOBER- NOVEMBER, 1969
WHITE'S WYNK
WYNN
Baton Rouge, La.
Florence, S.C.
1380 WYRU Red Springs, N.C. 1510 WYZE Atlanta, Ga. 480
QaDao
540 WYSE Inverness, Fla. 1560 WZAM Prichard, Ala.
WYNR Brunswick. Ga. 790 WYSH Clinton, Tenn. 270
WYNS Leighton. Pa. 1380 WZBN Zion, III. 500
1150 WYSL Buffalo, N.Y. 1400 WZEP DeFuniak Sprits.,
WYNX Smyrna, Ga. 1550 WYSR Franklin. Va. Fla. 460
WYNZ Ypsilanti, Mich. 1250 WZIP Cincinnati, Ohio 050
1520 WYTH Madison. Ga. 1250 WZKY Albemarle, N.C.
19 25, 31 49
0600 -0900 25, 49w 13,16,19
25 25, 31
16,19 13,16,19 19, 25
0900-1200
(19) 25, 31
16,19 13,16,19 19, 25
1200-1500
(19) 31, 49
16,19 25, 31, (49) 31w, 49, 60e
1500 -1800
16,19 (49), 60
16,19 31, 49 25, 31, (60w)
1800 -2100
60 16,19 (49), 60, 90
2100 -2400 16,19 31, 49
until it
want to hear and log, move your finger down
To use the table out your finger on the region you and lift your finger. Underneath your
time at which you will be listening
is alongside the local standard the best DX results. The time in the above
bands that will give
pointing digit will be the shortwave band or compensates for
at the listeners location, which effectively
propagation table is given in standard time and West Coasts of North America. Ab-
between the East
differences in propagation characteristics e-North America. When w or e follow a band
breviations: w-
Western North America and Eastern
for that part of the continent. The shortwave
bands in brackets
listing, it means the band is only good White's Radio Log for our world -wide Shortwave
list.
second choices. Refer to
are suggested as possible
4860 -
4850 V3USE
All India
Mauritius BC
R. Moscow
R.
Forest Side Mauritius
Moscow, USSR
All India R. Bhopal, India Peru
3315 VUD
CB ina Grande, 4870 OCX4T R. Obispado
3325 ZYJ2I R. Borborema 4880 OCX4E R. Once Sesenta Lima, Peru
raz
4890 HRVL R Lux Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Belem, Brazil Lima, Peru
3335
3350
3360
ZYR59
TGVN
R. Maraoara
R-TV Gabonaise
V. Nahuala
Franceville, Gabon
Solola, Guatemala
Diambi, Indonesia
4908
4915
-
4895 OAZ4T
CP88
R.
R.
Chanchamayo
Amboro
Shanghai, China
La Paz, Bolivia
3375
3380 -
YDK7 RRI
W. Nigerian BC Ibadan, Nigeria
Dambi, Indonesia
4923 HCRQI R. Quito
4935 CRSRE
Quito, Ecuador
R. Club de Malane Malanle, Angola
3391
3450 -
YDK7 RRI
R. Peking Peking, China
Maseru, Lesotho
4940 OAZ4R R. San Juan
--
4950 OAX71 R. Madre de Dios
San Juan, Peru
Lima, Peru
3824
4055 -
7PA22 7PA22
Gorovit
Petropavlovsk
Petropavlovsk, USSR
4960
4968
R. Peking
R. Ceylon
Peking China
Colombo, Ceylon
97
OCTOBER- NOVEMBER, 1969
WHITE'S SHORTWAVE STATION
LISTINGS
kHz Call Name Location kHz Call Name
4980 HIKZ R. Popular Location
Santo Domingo, 9535 CR6RZ Emis Official Luanda, Angola
Dom. Rep.
4985
4995
5010
ZYR89
--
OAZ4C
R.
R.
Aparaceida
Andina
Garoua
Aparaceida, Brazil
Andina, Peru
9545
9555
9565
--HVJ Vatican R.
V. America Relay
Deutsche Welle
Vatican City
Poro, Philippines
R. Garoua, Cameroon Kigali, Rwanda
5020
5025 ZYK4I
R. Ceylon
Emis Rural
Colombo, Ceylon
San Francisco
9570 - Relay
BBC Relay
Tebrau, Malaysia
5035
Petrolina, Brazil
Gorovit Alma Ata Alma Ata, USSR
9575
9585 -- BED9I V. Free China
R.
Taipei, Formosa
Nacional
Lisbon, Portugal
j-
5041 Emis de Guine 9590 R. Peking
Portuguese Guinea Peking, China
5055 C P87 R. San Rafael 9595 Swiss BC Berne, Switz.
-
La Paz, Bolivia
5075 R. Peking Peking China
9600 OAX3E R. Huaraz Huaraz, Peru
5180 OAX8F R. Atlantida 9610 R. Mauritania
Lima, Peru 9618
Nouakchott, Muretania
5535 R. Peking Peking, China OBX7E R. El Sol Lima, Peru
5860
5925
R. Peking
Gorovit Tashkent
Peking, China
Tashkent, USSR
9620
9630
9640
--
CXA6 SODRE
R. Nacional
BBC
Montevideo, Uruguay
Lisbon, Portugal
London, England
49 -Meter Band -5950 to 6200 kHz
9645
9655 -
TIFC Faro del Caribe
R. Free Europe
an Jose, CR
Munich, W. Germany
5955 -
ZYR226
R
R.
-TV Francaise
Gazeta
Paris, France
9660
9675
9685 --
BED42
ZYT9
V. Free China
R. Moscow
Taipei, Formosa
R. Diario de Manha Manha,
Brazil
Moscow, USSR
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
5960
5970
5975
-
HRHR
ZYT44
V. de
RFE
R.
Occidente
Guaraa
Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Munich, Germany
Guaraa Brazil
9690
9700
9710
-- BBC Relay
R -TV Francaise
RAI
Limassol, Cyprus
Paris, France
Rome, Italy
5980
5985
5995
BED30
--
WNYW
V. Free
R.
R.
China
New York
Andorra
Taipei, lormosa
New York, NY
9720
9725
9735
--CR6RZ Emis Official
V. America
Deutsche Welle
Greenville,
e, NC
Kigali, Rwanda
g
6000 Andorra
R. Moscow Moscow, USSR Relay
6005 CFCW CFCW Montreal, PQ 9745 BEC62 Chinese Air Force Formosa
- --
6010 CE601 R. Norte 9755 PCJ R. Nederland
6020 Santiago, Chile Hilversum, Neth.
V. America 9760 R. Hanoi Hanoi, N. Vietnam
Greenville, NC
6025
6030 -
CR6RZ
V.
Emis Official
America
Luanda, Angola
Greenville, NC
9770
9912 VUD
BBC
All India R.
London, England
Delhi, India
6040
6055
VUD
DYH4
All India R.
Nat'l Council
Churches
Delhi, India
Dumaguete City, Phil.
10000
10650
11515
--
LOL (time signals)
R.
R.
Ulan Bator
Peking
Buenos Aires, Arg.
Ulan Bator Mongolia
Peking, China
6060
6070 - HCACI V. de
R.
Democracia
Universite
Quito, Ecuador
Tananarive,
11685
25 -Meter
CR6RR R. Diamang Luanda, Angola
--
6165 Gorovit Kiev 1815 VUD All India R. Delhi, India
Kiev, USSR 1820
6170 Army Station Seoul, S. Korea R. Peking Peking, China
6175 1830 V. America
R. Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Greenville, NC
Malaysia
1845 VU- D All India R. Delhi, India
6185
6190 --
CSA29 R. Nacional
V. America
Lisbon, Portugal
Greenville, NC
1855
1860
ETLF R. Voice Gospel
R. Peking
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Peking, China
6200
- R. Sudamericana Lima, Peru
1870 Viennese R. Vienna, Austria
---
6234 1875 DZ- H6 National Council
R. Budapest Budapest, Hungary Dumaguete City, Phil.
6330 R. Peking Peking, China Churches
6480 1880 LRS R. Splendid
R. Buenos Aires, Argentina
6644
7060 - R. Pyoingyang
R. Peking
9
Pyongyang, N. Korea
Peking, China
Peking, China
1890 DZE9 Call of Orient Manila, Philippines
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,w,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
41 -Meter Band -7100 to 7300 kHz
7155 - R. Nationale Tananarive,
This Issue's Shortwave Contributors
7165
7180
-- R.
R. Free Europe
Liberty
Malagsay Rep.
Munich, W. Germany _
Randy McTavish, Clayton Lake, Me., Bill Fred-
ericksman, Philadelphia, Pa., Arnie Wuster,
Mil-
Spain waukee, Wisc., E. K. Herman, Kissimmee,
7190
7200
7230
--
HLK30 V. Free Korea
V. America Relay
R. Peking
Seoul, S. Korea
Wooferton, England
Peking, China
=
--
7295 Liberty Ike Iselin,
7305
R. Spain Portland, Ore., Arthur J. Chang, Honolulu, Hawaii,
R. Peking Peking, China
7443 UN Radio Alex MacDonald, Vancouver, B.C., Sally
Geneva, Switz. Esterne,
9009 4X831 Kol Zion Tel Aviv, Israel Atlanta, Ga., Warren Hallowell, Little
Rock, Ark.,
Fred Kleiner, Circleville, Ohio, Dick Williams,
31 -Meter Band -9500 to 9775 kHz Jr.,
Des Moines, Iowa, H. H. Ustmer II,
APO, New
9500
9510
-- R.
R.
Peking
Bucharest
Peking, China
York, Morton Yarmy, Dover, Del., Mike
The Village, Okla., L. R. Dolinger,
O'Dannon,
Great Falls,
Bucharest, Rumania
9515 TAT R. Ankara Ankara, Turkey Mont., Peter Lelange, St. Agathe, Que.,
Red
9525
9530 -PCJ R. Nederland
R. Moscow
Hilversum, Neth.
Moscow, USSR
E. Wilkins, Chattanooga, Tenn.
11111101111111111111111111111111
98
SCIENCE AND ELECTRONICS, formerly RADIO -TV EXPERIMENTER
Name Location
Location kHz Call
kHz
1905 ZAA
Call
R.
Name
Tirana Tirana, Albania 15285
15320
-- Habana R.
Australia
R.
Havana, Cuba
Melbourne, Australia
1910 VUD All India R. Delhi, India
15385 DZF3 Call of Orient Manila, Philippines
Tirana, Albania Cologne, W. Germany
1920
1925 --
ZAA R.
BBC
Tirana
London, England
Lisbon, Portugal
15435 DMQ15 Deutsche Welle
1935
1945 - R.
BBC
Nacional
Official
,London, England
Luanda, Angola
16 -Meter Band -17700 to 17900 kHz
1955
1965 -
CR6RZ
ELWA
Emis
R.
R.
Japan
Village
Tokyo, Japan
Monrovia, Liberia 7715 VUD All India R. Delhi. India
Cologne, W. Germany
1975
London, England
I3 -Meter Band -21450 to 21750 kHz
5140 BBC
5150 CE- 1515 R. Corporacion Santiago, Chile
5160 R. Budapest Budapest, Hungary
5170 LK- V R. Norway Oslo, Norway R. Prague Prague, Czech.
Ascension Island 21450
5180 BBC Relay CSA67 R. Nacional Lisbon, Portugal
Monrovia. Liberia 21495 Germany
5195 V. America Relay R. Berlin Berlin, E.
Poro, Philippines 21540
5210 V. America Relay International
5225 R. Liberty Spain BBC London, England
Berlin, E. Germany 21590
5240 R. Berlin 21615 BBC London, England
International R. Japan Tokyo, Japan
Delhi, India 21640
5250 VUD All India R. ,n
,
,,,,..,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
7.1
& BORO
PENNSYLVANIA MUNICIPAL,
I OWN,
Police Fire
Station
39.18 154.13
Abington Twp. KGA260 154.13
KGC774
KGC984 33.70
Ardmore KEO364 46.42
Aston Twp. KDl1489 33.94
Bally KBQ387 46.10
Bensalem Twp. KAU696
155.37
45.62 KGB827 33.90
KGF305
Berwyn
Bethel Twp.
46.42 "I don't care what they say, Marvin
Boothwyn
Booths Corner
KG E909
46.42
46.42 -I'm bored!"
KGD390 33.94
Boyertown 33.70
Bridgeport Boro KGE756
99
OCTOBER -NOVEMBER, 1969
GD83I 46.10 Linfield KFT248 46.10
Edqemont Twp. KE0362
Elkins Park 46.42 Linwood 33.70
KGA404 158.85 KGC240 154.13 KGE581
Lower Makefield KFF299 46.42
KGC995 154.13 Twp, 155.37
Exton KGE515
Fairless Hills 33.90 Lower Merion
KDX425 46.10 Twp 158.73
33.70
Fairview Village KGC900
Fallsington 33.98 Lower Moreland
KGD937 46.10 Twp. 39.18
Falls Twp. 37.26
Feasterville 46.10 Lower Southamp-
KGE414 155.37 * 155.37
155.55
tor' Twp. 155.55
Folsom KGC892 46.10 Malvern
KFT582 46.42 Marcus Hook KGE327 33.90
Fort Washington KGC299
Garden City 33.70 Marshallton KGC873 46.42
Gladwyne KGF8I0 46.42 Media KGG344 33.90
KGB325 158.73 KBK293
Glenside Middletown Twp. KGE363 46.42
KGC476 154.13 45.22 KGD321 33.90
Gradyville KGE979 154.13 Milford Square KGD414 46.10
Green Lane KDK642 46.42 Morrisville Boro KDG803 46.10
KGD336 33.70
mobiles 37.26 KGE827 46.10
Green Ridge 39.06
Harmonville KF0909 46.42 Morton KGF56I 46.10
Hartsville KGB857 33.70 Neshaminy mobiles 46.42
KGF437 46.10 KG 155.79
Hatboro Nether Provi-
Hatfield KGC577 154.13 dente Tw
Twp. 39.82 * 46.42
Twp. KGF309 154.13 New Hope
* 39.90
Havertown KGB239
46.42 Newportille KGF391 46.14
39.90 KGC5I2 ' 46.42 Newtown KGH405 46.10
Holmes KG0544 46.42 KGF224 46.10
KEY935 46.42 Norristown Boro
KEY936 46.42 KCA484 37.18 KGE336 154.37
Horsham KGF7I7 46.42 Northampton KGF983 33.70
KCV398 154.13
* 155.37
Twp 46.10
Hulmeville KGF350 154.13 North Hills 155.43
Huntington Valley mobiles KGD494 46.10 North Wales KGC298 154.13
39.19 KGC271 154.13 Nottingham KGC935 33.70
Ivyland
Jamison mobiles 46.10 Oakmont KGH700 46.10
KDG637 155.43 KFA426 K88835
46.10 Oaks 46.42
Jeffersonville mobiles 33.70 Ogontz mobiles 33.70
Jenkintown Boro mobiles KGE477 33.70 Oreland mobiles 154.13
39.16 KGC640 154.13 Ottsville KG6993 154.13
Kennett Square KGE294 mobiles
Kennett Twp. 33.90 Paoli 46.10
Kimberton KGE405 33.90 Parkland KGC513 33.90
King of Prussia KHJ665 33.90 Parkside KGD467 46.10
Kulpsville KET243 33.70 Penndel KCN702 46.42
Lacey Park KCR921 33.70 Pennsburg KGD512 46.10
KCQ242 46.10 Penns Park KGC549 33.70
Lafayette Hill KGH34I KDZ425 155.37
-
Lahaska 33.70
KGD477 46.10 155.43
Perkasie
KDZ403 46.14 Perkiomenville KGD5B6 46.10
La Mott KGC995 154.13 KFY403
Langhorne 33.70
Lansdale Boro KG0542 46.10 Plumsteadville 33.94
KGK647 154.755 KGE438 154.13 Plymouth Twp. KGD813 46.10
Point Pleasant 370
KGE687
11 XIII 11 11
1
ii : u111 W Il
Pottstown Boro
Prospect Park
Quakertown Boro KGE452
KGF392
KGG370
46.10
33.70
46.42
155.13 KGD6I6 46.10
155.37
Radnor Twp.
p. KGB330 45.50
Hill
Richboro KCI715 155.37 K Z8I42 46.10
155.43 KGE378
Richlandtown 46.10
Ridley Twp. KDV81 I 46.10
Riegelsville 46.42
Ringing Hill KGE754 46.10
Rockledge mobiles 33.70
Roslyn KGC529 154 13
KGD226 154 07
Royersford 154 13
Schwenkville KGC999 33.70
Sellersville KGD372 33.70
Sharon Hill Boro KGB367
Shinglehouse 45.54 KGD775 46.42
Skippack KFX406 46.10
Solebury Twp. KGG930 33.70
KGF419 155.43
Souderton KFF29I
Southampton 33.70
KDZ45I 155,37 KGE802 46.10
155.43
South Media KGD349 46.42
Springfield KBA863 46.42
Swarthmore Boro KGA378 39.82
Telford KEG833 33.70
Tinicum Twp. mobiles 45.74
The machine did it by itself!" Trappe KBX384 33.70
Tredyffrin Twp. * 45.62
mom
m om
Trevose KGE42I
1111111111111111 111111111111111111111 111111111111 11111 1111 11 I. 111.11 MI 11 11111/1111111111111111.
46.10
46.14
100
SCIENCE AND ELECTRONICS, formerly RADIO -TV EXPERIMENTER
r
Police Fire
Police Fire Station
Station KEH660 54.43
155.37
KGE452 46.10 Gloucester Twp. KEA7B8
54.385
Trevose Hts. 46.14 s 158.97 * 54.13
KDO246 47.46 Greenwich Twp. 54.385
mobiles 46.10 KDL820 54.43
Trumbauersville 155.55 KGE638 46.10 Groveville 54.43
Tullytown * 46.14
KE LB20
* 156.21
4. 54.385
KEM672 33.70 Haddon Twp. 54.43
Tylersport 155.09 KGA346 154.19 54.43
Upper Darby KGA853 KEB467 155.43 KEC380
Haddonfield KDG375 54.43
Twp. Haddon Hts. KEB374 155.37
39.28
Upper -
Boro 54.43
land Twp. * 37.26 KEE555
KGF463 33.70 Hamilton Twp. KEA5I7 54.43
Upper 155.37 Hamilton Sq. KDL923 54.43
Upper Southamp- Hightstown
155.43 KDL924 54.43
ton Twp. KBB521 33.90
Forge KEC839 54.43
KDZ47O 39.82 KEB588 54.13
Wallingford
Warminster KCQ242 46.10 Hopewell 54.13
Warminster Twp. KDZ470 155.37 KB1956
155.43 KGD74I 46.10 KEH309 54.13
6.14 Jubustown KEF750 33.74
155.79 KEG97I 54.385
Warrington Twp. KDA390 KGE910 46.10 Laurel Spgs. Boro KED296 155.37
54.43
155.43 * 46.10 54.43
Warwick Twp. * 33.70 Lawrence Twp. 37.26
KGB393 KEF543 54.43
Wayne 33.90 Lawrenceville mobiles 37.26
46.42 Levittown 155.49
mobiles 155.37
KGA6I2 45.42 KGD665 33.90 Lindenwold Boro KDY440
West Chester KED790 155.37
Boro KDA708 55.43
Call mHz Call mHz Magnolia 54.13
33.70 Maple Shade KEB870 155.49 KBT21I
KGD343 54.43
West Consho- Twp.
hocken KJD335 155.49 KBR240 54.13
KCO285 33.70 Medford Twp. KDK703 54.13
West Park KJP390 33.70
KFD660 156.61 KEG600 54.385
KJD3I3 154.13 Merchantville 54.43
West Point * 154.13 Boro
tehall Twp.
Whitehall KUA762 54.385
Willow Grove KFR636 39.28 54.43
KGC5778 154.13 * 54.13
mobiles 433.900 Montgomery Twp. 54.31
155.49 KBR647 54.13
46.14 Moorestown Twp. KEB309 KEE967 33.74
155.37 Mt. Airy KDJ5I2 54.385
Wrightstown Twp. *
155.43 Mt. Ephraim Boro 54.43
KGD959 46.14 54.385
Wycombe 154.13
KDJ5I3
KGD485 54.43
Wyndmoor KGI257 46.36
KGB242 39.42 KDJ5I4 54.385
Yeadon Boro 43.43
155.49 KAQ261 154.13
BORO Mt. Holly Twp. KEB452
N.J. MUNICIPAL, TOWNSHIP, Mt. Laurel Twp. K D K775 155.49
POLICE & FIRE National Park KCK3I4 158.97
Boro
KDA357 154.43 Oaklyn Boro KEG942 156.21
Allentown K EH 800 154.43 KF 5973 154.43
155.37 KJB229 154.385 Palmyra Boro
Atco KFR678 154.43. 155.49
KEE554
KEE390 46.18 KEB327 158.97 KEJ883
Audubon Boro KEB32 155.37 Paulsboro Boro 154.13
154.43 Pemberton
3
154.385 KED824 154.13
mobiles Pennington
KBT8I0 154.43 KEI930 154.13
155.37
Barrington Boro KEF872
155.37 Pennsauken Twp. KEB345 155.61
Belmar Boro 155.37 KCY548 154.43 KEE499 154.13
Bellmawr KEB473 155.415
KEV433 154.43 Princeton Univ. KDV709
Riverside Twp. KEA4I5 155.49
r Boro
Berlin KIZ210 155.31
KEE94I 155.49 Rocky Hill 01
101
OCTOBER -NOVEMBER, 1969
WHITE'S PHILADELPHIA EMERGENCY STATIONS
KE92 54.13
Voorhees Twp. 155.37
1
Police
54.43
Waterford Twp. 155.37 54.385
Lakeland KBM9I2 155.37
W. Amwell Twp. Fire-
33.74
Westmont KEB484 156.21 KEE719 54.385 Lakeland K B K523 154.265 154.385 154.43
Westville Boro 54.43 154.43
KEE405 155.37 KED463 54.43
White Horse KEM667 154 43
KEE593 54.43 Runnemede KEM666
Willingboro Twp. KEI693 155.49
154.385 154.43
Woodbury KFT567 154.43
KEA936 158.97 KAQ657 54.13
KEJ87I 158.97
Woodbury Hts. KEG635 154.13 GLOUCESTER COUNTY (N.J.) AGENCIES
Yardville KO L82I 154.43
KD L822 154.43 KAV708 Woodbury (fire) 154 13 154.265
KBC661 Woodbury (police) 158.97
KEC877
Plainsboro
154.68 155.445
44.62 44.66 44.94
154.68 155.445
155.49 Bordentown Twp. 44.62 44.66 44.94
Mt. Holly KEE508 /KFR662 155.49 154.68 155.445
Riverside KFR660 KED722 Washington Twp.
155.49 44.62 44.66 44.94
Willingboro
Fire-
Beverly
KFR66I
KDG405
155.49
KFX347 Hopewell
154.68 154.92
44.62 44.66 44.94
154.68 155.445
154.22 (N.J. Turnpike: 154.83 155.19)
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