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Coordinating Conjunctions
The most common coordinating conjunctions are: and, but, or, for, nor, yet, so
They can join nouns to nouns, pronouns to pronouns, verbs to verbs, adjectives
to adjectives, or adverbs to adverbs. This kind of pairing is what we mean by
"equal rank." The words must be the same part of speech. The only exception is
that nouns and pronouns can be joined, since pronouns can replace nouns. We
do not connect an adjective with an adverb, for instance, because we do not use
the two parts of speech in the same way. Here are some examples of correct
usage:
Winning the game or losing it, he was happy. (participial phrases joined)
Chopping the meat and peeling carrots, he cooked dinner. (participial
phrases joined)
Come with Harvey or without him. (prepositional phrases joined)
Turn to Mr. Green or to me for help. (prepositional phrases joined)
Sit quietly, or you must leave. (independent clauses joined)
Use the red paint, but save the green. (independent clauses joined)
Exercise A
In each sentence, circle the coordinating conjunction and underline the two
elements it joins.
2. The deer jumped over the fence and into the woods.
5. The team can win or lose, but the fans will still come to the game.
10. Harold wont help us with the decorations, but Frank will if he has time.
11. You had better leave early, or you may have trouble with holiday traffic.
13. We didnt stop to see Dr. Hill, for we had to meet Uncle Fred.
Correlative Conjunctions
This group has the same job as coordinating conjunctions. It joins words to word
groups of equal rank, but correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs.
Correlative conjunctions frequently express choice. Here are some examples:
Both Hank and Jose <BReither the left shoe or the right one
They not only ate the meat but cleaned up.
Kevin neither washed the car nor bought gas
We cant decide whether to drive or to fly.
Exercise B
1. The Yankees will either win the World Series or they will lose.
3. The coach not only answered my questions but also gave sound advice.
6. Not only did we go to the zoo, but we also went to the circus.
9. The soldiers often fought not only the enemy but also the weather.
10. Neither the North nor the South expected to lose the war.
Conjunctive Adverbs
Exercise C
2. Mr. Castle is very gruff and impatient; nonetheless, I cant help liking him.
6. During the last five days, Mona has been wonderful to me; I cannot
predict, however, what the next week will bring.
Subordinating Conjunctions
Among the most commonly used subordinating conjunctions are the following:
Exercise D
List each conjunction. Label them CO for coordinating conjunctions, COR for
correlative conjunctions, and SUB for subordinating conjunctions.
1. Several animals live near the border of the desert where water is available.
2. Among these are the lion, panther, hyena, jackal and fox.
5. The camel adapts easily to this region and lives there peaceably.
6. The camel is called "the ship of the desert" because it is suitable for desert
travel.
7. Webbed feet not only make the camels motion smooth, but also cause
some passengers to feel seasick.
9. The creature is a "baggage animal" in the deserts of both Africa and Asia.
10. Depending on their species, camels have either one hump or two.
11. Camels are interesting animals while they are lessons in endurance.
13. For several years, the South could not be beaten, nor would it surrender.
14. The Civil War was a sad and unfortunate event in Americas history, but
Americans will always remember it.
ANSWER KEY:
Exercise A
2. The deer jumped over the fence and into the woods.
5. The team can win or lose, but the fans will still come to the game.
10. Harold wont help us with the decorations, but Frank will if he has time.
11. You had better leave early, or you may have trouble with holiday traffic.
12. The damage was serious yet repairable.
13. We didnt stop to see Dr. Hill, for we had to meet Uncle Fred.
Exercise B
1. The Yankees will either win the World Series or they will lose.
3. The coach not only answered my questions, but also gave sound advice.
6. Not only did we go to the zoo, but we also went to the circus.
9. The soldiers often fought not only the enemy, but also the weather.
10. Neither the North nor the South expected to lose the war.
Exercise C
Exercise D