OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA

WORKING GROUP

PARTB:OPENDATAREADINESSASSESSMENT
METHODOLOGY

Thisdocumentcontainsversion3.1ofthe"OpenDataReadinessAssessment
(ODRA)Methodology"preparedbytheWorldBank'sOpenGovernmentData
WorkingGroup.Thisversionincorporatesfeedbackreceivedandpractical
experiencegainedinapplyingearlierversionsuptotheendofDecember2014,as
wellasadditionalUsersGuidefortheODRAMethodology.ThisisPartBand
includestheactualODRAMethodology.Acompaniondocument(PartA)includes
theUsersGuide.

Thepurposeofthismethodologicaltoolistoassistinplanningwhatactionsa
governmentauthoritycouldconsiderinordertoestablishanOpenDataprogram,
ateitherthenationallevelorinasubnationalgovernment,orindividualpublic
agency,basedonarapiddiagnosticofeightdimensionsconsideredessentialfor
thesuccessofanOpenDataprogram.

TheODRAtoolispartofthe"OpenDataToolkit"publishedat
http://opendatatoolkit.worldbank.org/en/andmadefreelyavailableforothersto
adaptanduse.UserscanaccesstheODRAtoolanditsunofficialtranslationsin
FrenchandRussianonlineatthefollowinglink
http://opendatatoolkit.worldbank.org/en/odra.html.Arecordedtrainingsessionon
themethodologycanbeaccessedatthesamelink.

TheWorldBankwillcontinuetodefineandrefinethisOpenDataReadiness
Assessmenttool,anditinvitescommentsonthisversionbyemailto
opengovdata@worldbank.org.

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Assessmentsconductedusingthisversionshouldexplicitstatethattheyareusing
Version3.1.

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Contents

PARTB:ODRAMETHODOLOGY..............................................................................................4

1. SENIORLEADERSHIP.........................................................................................................4

2. POLICY/LEGALFRAMEWORK..........................................................................................8

3. INSTITUTIONALSTRUCTURES,RESPONSIBILITIESANDCAPABILITIESWITHIN
GOVERNMENT..................................................................................................................12

4. GOVERNMENTDATAMANAGEMENTPOLICIES,PROCEDURESANDDATA
AVAILABILITY..................................................................................................................16

5. DEMANDFOROPENDATA.............................................................................................25

6. CIVICENGAGEMENTANDCAPABILITIESFOROPENDATA..................................28

7. FUNDINGANOPENDATAPROGRAM..........................................................................32

8. NATIONALTECHNOLOGYANDSKILLSINFRASTRUCTURE..................................35

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Glossary

Archiving Thestoringofrecords,documents,orothermaterialsofhistorical
interest(oracollectionofthem)inadefinedplaceorrepository.
DataManagement Thedevelopment,executionandsupervisionofplans,policies,
programsandpracticesthatcontrol,protect,deliverandenhancethe
valueofdataandinformationassets.
Infomediary Apersonorentitythathelpsmakedata/informationmoreeasily
understandabletoabroaderaudiencesuchasthegeneralpublic.For
example,themediaareimportantinfomediariesforsharinginformation
withthepublicinamoreunderstandableway.
Metadata Metadatais"dataaboutdata"meaningdatathatdescribesbasic
aspectsofadataset,forexamplewhenthedatasetwascreated,which
agencyisresponsibleforthedataset,theformatofthedata,etc.
OpenData Datainmachinereadableformatthatispubliclyavailableunderan
openlicensethatensuresitcanbefreelyused/reused/redistributedby
anyoneforanylegalpurpose.
OpenDataEcosystem AnapproachtoOpenDatathatfocusesnotonlyondatabutonthe
largerenvironmentforOpenDatauseitsecosystemincluding
otherkeydimensionslikeleadership,policy/legalframework,
institutions,infrastructureandthestateofusercommunities(like
developers,universities,privatesector).
OpenDataPortal Aplatform(usuallyaccessedasawebsite)thatataminimumactsasa
catalogueprovidingasinglepointofaccessforthepublictosearchand
accessOpenDataavailablefromagovernment,agencyororganization.
OpenDataProgram AsetofactionsdesignedtointroduceandmanageOpenDatabya
government,agency,organizationorcompany.TheAssessment
focusesonOpenDataProgramsdevelopedbygovernmentsor
individualpublicsectoragencies.
OpenGovernment Aphilosophyorprinciplesforgovernmentthatfocusonchanginghow
governmentworkstomakeitmoretransparent,accountable,
participatory(withgreatercitizenengagement)andcollaborative.
OpenGovernment Aglobalpartnershipofgovernmentsdedicatedtoimplementing
Partnership domesticreformsthatmakegovernmentmoreopen,accountable,and
responsivetocitizens.Launchedin2011,theOGPnowhasover60
membercountries.
OpenStandards Technicalstandardsthatarepubliclyavailable,nonproprietaryandcan
beimplementedonaroyaltyfreebasis.Oftenopenstandardsarealso
developedinanopentransparentprocessthatenablesalargergroup
ofpeopletocontributetotheirdevelopment.
Sponsor GovernmentofficialrequestingtheAssessment.Usuallyleadsthe
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Governmentscounterpartteam.

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PARTB:ODRAMETHODOLOGY

1. SENIORLEADERSHIP

Importance VeryHigh

Context:OpenDataProgramsrequiretheimplementationofchangeoftenincludinglegal,
institutional,technologicalandculturalchangesandmayaffectstakeholdersbothinsideand
outsidegovernment.Focused,strong,sustained,political/seniorleadershipisthereforecriticalto
helpingagovernmentovercomeresistanceandinertiaofallkinds,tohelpingincentivizeactors
tomakethenecessarychangesinatimelyandeffectivemannerandtoachievingthedesired
objectivesandbenefitsofanOpenDataProgram.

Evidence

+ ApubliclyannouncedpoliticalpromiseorpolicypositiononOpenDataorrelatedtopics
(suchasOpenGovernmentorFOI)byseniorpoliticalfigurewithinfluenceacrossthe
governmentasawhole.

Governmentreputationfortightmessagecontrolandunwillingnesstoadmitmistakes
outsidedirectpoliticalcontrol.

+ CommitmentsacrossthepoliticalspectrumontransparencyandOpenGovernment
throughthepublicationofdata.

+ HeadofGovernment/CabinetendorsementofanOpenGovernmentPartnershipNational
ActionPlanwithopendatacommitments.

+ HeadofGovernment/SeniorMinisterproactivelydrivingOpenGovernmentagenda
acrossgovernment,orvisiblechampionsexistforOpenDataatpoliticallevel(executive
and/orlegislativebranch).

+ Specific,namedperson/bodyofficiallychargedwithoverallresponsibilityforOpen
Data,withmachineryofgovernmentinplacetocoordinatetheirleadershipofopen
government/accesstoinformationacrossministries.

Questionstoask

1.1 TowhatextentistherevisiblepoliticalleadershipofOpenData/OpenGovernment/Accessto
information?(Importance:VeryHigh)

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HowawareandsupportiveisthePrimeMinisterorPresident?
WhichMinister(ifnotthePrimeMinisterorPresidenthimselforherself)would
beabletoleadanOpenDataProgram?Howawareandsupportiveisheorshe?
WhichMinisterisresponsibleforrighttoinformationissues?Isheorshe
supportiveofOpenGovernmentinaproactiveway?
WhichidentifiedchampionsforOpenDataexistatthepoliticallevel?

1.2 Towhatextentisthereanestablishedpoliticalleadershipandgovernancemodelforpolicy
andimplementationofprogramsacrossmultipleinstitutionsoracrossgovernmentasa
whole?(Importance:High)

Whatistheleadershipandgovernancemodelforprogramsacrossgovernmentas
awhole?
Towhatextentaresuchprogramsrunonacentraltopdownbasis,andtowhat
extentisdiscretionlefttoindividualagenciesorlocalauthorities?

1.3 WhatexistingpoliticalactivitiesorplansarerelevanttoOpenData?(Importance:Medium)

WhatsocializationaboutOpenDatahasbeendoneatpoliticallevel?What
awarenessraisingevents/activitiesaboutOpenDataforagenciesorthegeneralpublic
havetakenplace,andwhatpoliticalorseniorleadershipinvolvementwasthereinthese?
WhatactivitiesorprogramsdoesthegovernmenthavewhichrelatetoOpen
Government,suchastransparencyinitiatives,statisticalreformprogramsoraRightTo
InformationAct?Whathavetheresultsbeen?Havetheybeensupportedorresistedby
politicians?
WhatOpenDataactivitiesexistatlowerlevelsofgovernment(forinstancecity
orregionallevel)?Howaretheprogramsthere,andthepoliticiansleadingthem,
perceivedatanationallevel?

1.4 HowdoesthewiderpoliticalcontextofthecountryhelporhinderOpenData?(Importance:
High)

Towhatextentdocurrentpoliticalprioritiessupportthedifferentpotentialdrivers
ofOpenData:transparencyandaccountability;economicgrowth;inclusionand
empowerment;improvingpublicservices;andgovernmentefficiency?
WhichindividualParliamentariansorlegislativecommitteescouldprovide
supportiveleadershipforOpenGovernmentprogramslinkedtooneormoreofthese
drivers?
Whereisthecountryinthepoliticalcycle?Whatscopeisthereforsustained
momentumtoreleasedatabeforethenextelections?
Towhatextentaretherewiderpoliticalconcernsorsentimentinfavorofopen?

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WhichpoliticalprioritiescouldbesignificantlyassistedbyOpenData?

1.5 WhatisthecountryspositioninrelationtotheOpenGovernmentPartnership?

IfithasjoinedtheOpenGovernmentPartnership,whatcommitmentshavebeen
madeinitsNationalActionPlan,includingcommitmentstoOpenData?
HowisthecountrysinvolvementintheOpenGovernmentPartnershipled?
Howarecivilsocietyengagedintheplanningandmonitoringofthecountrys
NationalActionPlan?

Assessment

Ratingofleadershipreadinessfocusesonthreecoreissues:(i)whetherornottopleadershave
expressedpubliclyvisiblesupportforOpenData;(ii)supportforOpenDataamongkeydata
owningagencies;and(iii)whetherornotthebroaderpoliticalcontextandtopnational
priorities/planshelporhinderOpenData.

AGREENratingforLeadershipalwaysrequiresevidenceof(i)togetherwithclearevidencefor
atleastoneotherissue.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

Visible,officialsupportforOpenDataattheverytoplevelsofgovernment
(President,PrimeMinister,Cabinet).
VisiblesupportamongleadershipofkeyMinistriesandAgencies(atleast34of
them)withcommitmentstosupportOpenData.
Politicalcontextandhighestnationalpriorities/plansdirectlyalignwith
introductionofOpenData.

AYELLOWratingforLeadershipcanbebasedonafavorablepoliticalenvironment(stated
prioritiesorgoalsofagovernmentthatalignwithdoingOpenData)eveniftoplevelleaders
havenotyetcommittedtoOpenData.Itshouldbesupportedbyleadershipofseveraldata
owningagenciesexpressingclearsupportforOpenData(e.g.,duringmeetingswiththe
assessmentteam).Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

SupportforOpenDatafromleadershipofafew(atleast23)key,dataowning
MinistriesorAgencies.
ThereappearstobenostronglinkageofOpenDatatoanexisting,majornational
planorinitiative,thoughpoliticalcontext/prioritiesdonotseematoddswithOpenData.
Thereisevidenceofafewoccasionsofleadershipinimplementingcross
governmentinitiativesthatarepoliticallydifficultorresistedbythebureaucracy.

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AREDratingonLeadershipismeritedwhensupportforOpenDatahasnotbeenexpressed
beyondtheAgencysponsoringtheAssessment.ARedratingisalsojustifiedifthecurrent
politicalenvironmentmayposerealobstaclestoOpenData,orifthetopnationalprioritiesdo
notalignwithOpenData.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

NovisibleleadershiponOpenData(orrelatedissuessuchasTransparency,Open
Government),includingamongkeydataowningagencies.
Politicalcontext/priorities/timetabledoesnotfavorOpenData.
Themajornationalinitiativesthatareprioritiesofthegovernmentdonotappear
toofferanyconnectiontoOpenData.
Theleadershipofthegovernmentormanydataowningagenciesvoicedstrong
reluctanceoroppositiontotheprinciplesofOpenData.

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2. POLICY/LEGALFRAMEWORK

Importance High

Context:ThelongtermsuccessandsustainabilityofanOpenDataProgramdependsgreatlyon
theenablingpolicyandlegalframework.OpenDatarequiresthatarangeofpolicyandlegal
issuesbeaddressedforexample,withrespecttothelicensingandreuseofdata,ensuring
privacyanddataprotection,andanonymizingpersonalandpersonallyidentifiabledata,.Itis
importanttoidentifyatanearlystagetheexistingpolicies,lawsandregulationswithrespecttoa
coresetofissues,andtoidentifyactualorperceivedobstaclesinorderthatpolicyorlegal
changecanbeinitiatedearlyifessential.Itisrecommendedthatqualifiedlocalcounsel,familiar
withthesesubjectmatterareas,assistedbyqualifiedinternationallegalcounselwithrelevant
experienceperformthelegalassessment.

IfnocomprehensivelegalassessmentisconductedpriortothestartofanAssessmentorduring
it,itmaybenecessarythatcompetentlocallyqualifiedlegalcounselconductafollowupstudy
ofrelevantlegalissues.Inordertoidentifygapswithrespecttobestpracticestandards,itis
possiblethatthegovernmentmayneedtheassistancefrominternationalexpertsaswell.
Therefore,itisrequiredthatallBankexecutedODRAreportsincludethefollowingDisclaimer
(whichshouldnotbevariedwithoutconsultationwithWorldBankLegalAdvisers):

Disclaimer

Thepreliminaryanalysisandrecommendationsinthissectionarebasedon
informationandopinionscollectedfrominterviewsundertakenandmaterialsprovided
bythegovernmentandotherlocalstakeholdersduringthisstudy.Thissectionisnot
basedondetailed,legalduediligenceanddoesnotconstitutelegaladvice.
Accordingly,noinferenceshouldbedrawnastothecompleteness,adequacy,accuracy
orsuitabilityoftheunderlyingassessment,orrecommendations,oranyactionsthat
mightbeundertakenresultingtherefrom,regardingtheenablingpolicy,legalor
regulatoryframeworkforOpenDatainthecountry.Itisthereforerecommendedthat,
priortoundertakinganylegalactiontoaddressanylegalassessmentissueraised
herein,aformallegalduediligencebeperformedbycompetent,locallyqualifiedlegal
counsel,preferablyassistedbyinternationallegalexpertswithrelevantexperienceand
knowledgeoftheseareas.

ThisdisclaimershouldbeplacedincountryODRAreportsasthelastintroductoryparagraph
beforetheanswerstothequestionsinthelegalsection,orasafootnoteatthebottomofthefirst
pageofthelegalsection.

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Evidence

+ ExistingFreedomofInformation/RighttoInformation/AccesstoInformationLaw,anda
networkofFOIrepresentativesacrossgovernment(e.g.,oneperagency)tomanage
implementationofthelaw.

+ GovernmenthasatrackrecordofreleasinginformationrequestedusingtheFOI
mechanisms,includingimportant(newsworthy)information.

+ APrivacyLawexistsandthegovernment/agencieshaverobustsafeguardstoguard
againstreleaseoftheprivateinformationofindividuals.

+ KeydataowningagenciessuchtheNationalStatisticsOfficehaveestablishedpolicies
foranonymizingpersonalinformationpriortopublication.

Governmentwebsitesandcurrentdownloadabledataavailablefromagencieshave
restrictivetermsandconditionsofuse.

Severalagencieshaveexclusivearrangementswithcompaniesforaccessandreuseof
governmentdata.

QuestionstoAsk

1.6 Whatisthelegalandpolicyframeworkfortheprotectionofpersonalprivacy?(Importance:
VeryHigh)

Whatofficialpolicies,lawsorregulationsexistwithrespecttoprotectionof
privacy?
Whatformalprocesses,mechanismsandsafeguardsexisttoenforceprivacy
protections?Whoisresponsibleforthem?
Whatistheexperiencetodateinimplementingprivacypoliciesandlaws?What
evidenceexiststoshowtheeffectiveuseofmechanismsandsafeguardstoprotect
privacy?
Whatistherecordofthegovernmentonpersonalprivacy?
Whatofficialpolicies,lawsorrulesrequiretheanonymizationofdatapriorto
publication?

1.7 Whatrightsofaccesstoinformationexist?(Importance:VeryHigh)

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Whatofficialpolicies,lawsorregulationsexistwithrespecttoaccessto
information?
Whatmechanismscancitizensuseforaccesstogovernmentheldinformation?
Whoisresponsiblefortheprocess(e.g.,acentralizedentityorindividualagencies)?
Whatistheexperiencetodateinimplementationoftheaccesstoinformationor
FOI?Howmuchinformationisreleasedinresponsetorequestsusingthesemechanisms?

1.8 Whatisthelegalandpolicyframeworkfordatasecurity,dataarchivinganddigital
preservation?(Importance:High)

Whatofficialpolicies,lawsorregulationsaddressdatasecurity,dataarchivingand
digitalpreservation?
Whichagencyisresponsibleforpolicyondatasecurity?
Whichagencyisresponsibleforpolicyondataarchivinganddigitalpreservation?
Whatformalproceduresormechanismsareinplacetoaddressdatasecurity?
Whatisthegovernmentsexperiencetodatewithdatasecurity?

1.9 Whatisthepolicyontheownershipandlicensingofgovernmentdata?(Importance:Very
High)

Whoownsgovernmentdatainalegal/copyrightsenseisitgovernmentasa
wholeorindividualministries?
Howdoesthegovernment(oranyagencyorlocalauthority)licenseorpermitthe
release/useofitsdata?
Whoisabletoset/agreetermsandconditions(egalicense)fortheuseof
information?
Whatpolicies,lawsorregulationsgoverntheuseofgovernmentdata?
Whatpolicies,lawsorregulationsgovernthecommercialuseofgovernment
data?
Whatpoliciesorregulationsaddresstheownershipofdatathatisgeneratedby
thirdpartiesunderagovernmentcontractorprocurement?
TowhatextenthaverecognizedOpenLicenses(suchasCreativeCommonsBy
Attribution)beentransposedintolocalform?Howcouldtheimportedformsbeeffective
underthelocallegalcode?

1.10 Towhatextentisgovernmentdatasoldbyagencies?(Importance:High)

Whatistheofficialpolicy,laworregulationaboutchargingforgovernment
information?
Whichagencyisresponsibleforsettingandenforcingthispolicy?
Whichagenciesofficiallyselltheirdata?Towhatextentareanysuchagencies

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dependentonrevenuesfromsaleofdatafortheirannualbudgets?
Whatistheexperience(orreality)withrespecttoagenciesunofficiallyselling
theirdata?
Whatdataissoldwhichincludesanonymizedpersonalinformation?
Whatdataissoldwhichincludesnonanonymizedpersonalinformation,andifso
onwhatbasisisthisdone?

1.11 Whatotherpolicies/lawsexistthatmayhavesignificantimpactonOpenData?
(Importance:High)

Whatistheofficialpolicy,laworregulationonsecrecyofofficialinformation?
Whoisresponsibleforitsenforcement?Howandtowhatextentisitenforced?
Whohasauthoritytoauthorizethereleaseofdata(andoverridesecrecy
obligations)?
Whatistheofficialpolicy,laworregulationonOfficial/NationalStatistics?What
provisionsdoesithaveforreleaseanduseofstatisticalinformation?
Whatexclusivearrangementsdoesthegovernmenthavewithanycompanieswith
respecttoanydatasets?
Whatlawsexistaboutrespectingconfidentialityorthirdpartyrightsinnon
personalgovernmentdata(e.g.companyregisters,businessdataunderlyingofficial
statistics)?
Whatlawsexistaboutdataarchivinganddigitalpreservation?

Assessment

Ratingofpolicy/legalreadinessfocusesonsixissues:(i)existenceandeffectivenessofanaccess
toinformationlaw;(ii)privacyprotections;(iii)systemssecurityandarchiving/preservation;(iv)
useofanonymization;(v)ownershipandlicensingofgovernmentdata;and(vi)thesaleofdata.

AGREENratingofthePolicy/Legaldimensionrequiresevidenceof(i),(ii)and(iv)together
withatleastoneotherpositivefactorsuchasclarityaboutownershipofgovernmenthelddata,
liberaltermsandconditionsforuseofgovernmentinformationorapolicythatgovernmentdata
shouldbefreelyavailable.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

AFreedomofInformation(orequivalent)lawthathasbeenenactedand
mechanismsforimplementationandenforcementthatareoperational.
Existenceofaprivacypolicy/lawandeffectiveprotectionofindividual
confidentialinformation.
Dataanonymizationpracticesinplace
Database,networkandsystemsprotectionandsecurityareaddressedin
laws/regulations/policiesandworkingprocessesexistformanagingtheseissues.
Publishedgovernmentinformationtreatedasinthepublicdomainoratleast
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availablewithnorestrictiveconditionsonitsuse.
AnIntellectualPropertyRightsregimeisinplacetoensurethecontinuing
opennessofdatasets
Claritythatgovernmenthelddataislegallyownedbythegovernmentonbehalf
ofitscitizens.
NosecrecylawpreventsimplementationofanOpenDataProgram.

AYELLOWratingforPolicy/Legalcanbebasedonacombinationoffactors,butwilllikely
includeatleasttheexistenceofalawonaccesstoinformation(oritsequivalent)andprivacy
protectionsreflectedinlegalinstruments,eveniftheirenforcementorimplementationhasa
mixedrecord.AYellowratingisalsoappropriateforsuchsituationsaswhereafewagencies
officiallyselldataatpricesthatarenomorethanthecostsofdistribution.Theratingwould
typicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

Aversionofanaccesstoinformationlawexistsgivingcitizensarightto
informationheldbygovernment,butmoreinprinciplethaninpractice.
RighttoprivacyandprotectionsarerecognizedintheConstitution,lawsorother
bindinginstrumentsinprinciplebutinpracticeimplementationisinconsistentandnot
widelyenforced.
Nopolicies/regulationspreventagenciesfromprovidingimportantdataon
request,butinpracticehighvaluedataseemstoberarelyreleasedwhenrequested.
Theissueofdatabase,networkandsystemsprotectionandsecurityareaddressed
inlaws/regulations,buttherearequestionsabouttherobustnessoftheirimplementation.

AREDratingonPolicy/Legalismeritedwhenthereisno,accesstoinformationlaworprivacy
protections,nostandarddataanonymizationordataaggregationtechniquesareusedtoprotect
privacy,andwherethesaleofdataiscommonandwherestandardtechniquesofanonymization
arenotused.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

Thereisnocrossgovernmentpolicypreventingthesaleofgovernmenthelddata
orensuringconsistentpoliciesonchargingfordatabasedonthemarginalcostsof
distribution.
Governmenthasandactivelyappliesanofficialsecretslawtopreventordeterthe
releaseofinformation.
Mostagenciesonlygrantusetotheirdata/informationonrestrictivetermsand
conditions.
Thereisnolegalframeworkforprotectionofintellectualpropertyrights.

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3. INSTITUTIONALSTRUCTURES,RESPONSIBILITIESANDCAPABILITIES
WITHINGOVERNMENT

Importance High

Context:Aswellaspoliticalandseniorleadership,middlemanagementlevelskillsand
leadershipareimportanttosuccess:creatinganOpenDataProgramrequiresagenciestomanage
theirdataassetswithatransparent,organizedprocessfordatagathering,security,qualitycontrol
andrelease.Toeffectivelycarryouttheseresponsibilities,agenciesneedtohave(ordevelop)
clearbusinessprocessesfordatamanagementaswellasstaffwithadequateICTskillsand
technicalunderstandingofdata(e.g.,formats,metadata,APIs,databases).Engagementamong
agenciesandatalllevelsofgovernmenttosetcommonstandardsandremoveimpedimentsto
datainteroperabilityandexchangeisalsovital,andrequiresmechanismsforinteragency
collaboration.

InadditiontohandlingthesupplysideofcreatinganOpenDataProgram,agenciesneedthe
structuresandcapabilitiestoengagewithcommunitiesthatreuseOpenDataincluding
developers,companies,nongovernmentalorganizations,otheragenciesandindividualcitizens.

Evidence

+ DesignationofoneentitywithsufficientpoliticalweighttocoordinateanOpenData
ProgramacrossgovernmentandensurethatOpenDatapoliciesareimplemented.

+ Governmentissupportiveofinnovativeprogramsandofficials,whichmightbe
evidencedbytheexistenceofamoreagilegroupwithin(oracross)governmentthatcan
experimentwithinnovativedemonstrationprojectsorrecruitmentofoutside,non
governmentexpertisetofillgovernmentpositions.

+ TheideaofOpenDatahasbeenintroducedorsocializedamongatleastsome
governmentagencies.

+ ExistenceofOpenDatamanagers,CIOs,CTOsorpermanentstaffdesignatedtoplayan
equivalentroleamongkeystakeholderagencies.

+ Existenceofawholeofgovernmentprogram/projectonOpenGovernment.

+ Aregularprocessforperformancemanagementexists,eitheronwholeofgovernment
basisorbyindividualagencies,tomeasurequalityofservicedeliveryoragency
performance.

+ AformaltrainingprogramforcivilservantsexiststhataddressesICTandotherissues.

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+ ThereisoneagencyordepartmentresponsibleforICTorinformationsystemsacross
government.

+ Existenceofinformalnetworkingmechanismsoreventsforinteractionamongcivil
servants(forexample,ontechnicalissuesorskillbuilding).

MostagencieshavenoCIO,CTOorregularpositioninchargeofdatamanagement.

NoexistinginteragencybodytocoordinateorstandardizewithrespecttoICTissues
(suchastechnicalissues).

Questionstoask

1.12 Whichagencyoragencieshaverelevantcapabilities,mandates,projectmanagement
experienceandtechnicalskillstobeasuitableleadinstitutionintheplanningand
implementationofanOpenDataProgram?(Importance:VeryHigh)

Foreachofthepotentialagencies,towhatextentdoestheagencyhavesufficient
politicalauthorityorsupporttoleadthedesignandimplementationofanOpenData
Programacrossgovernmentasawhole?
Foreachofthepotentialagencies,whatexperiencehastheagencyinmanaging
ICTprojectsacrossgovernmentasawhole?
Whatconsiderationoractionhastherebeenabouthowtosocializeandintroduce
OpenDatawithagenciesandcivilservants?
WhatotherkeystakeholdersforOpenDataaretherewithingovernment?

1.13 WhichanyagencieshaveaCIO,CTOorpermanentofficialpositionsdedicatedtodata
management?(Importance:MediumHigh)

Whatpowerdotheywieldinreality?
Howlonghavetheybeeninplace?

1.14 WhatinteragencymechanismscoordinateICTissues(suchasfortechnicalmatters)?
(Importance:MediumHigh)

WhichagencyordepartmentisresponsibleforICTorinformationsystemsacross
government?
Whattechnicalmattersarecoordinated?
Whichagenciesactivelyparticipateinsuchcoordinatingmechanisms?

1.15 Whatprocessiscurrentlyusedtomeasureagencyperformanceorqualityofservice
delivery?(Importance:Medium)

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Howisperformancemanagementdonebyindividualagenciesorona
governmentwidebasis?
WhatperformancemanagementisdoneofICTandofservicedelivery?

1.16 Whichagencyorministryisprimarilyresponsiblefordataorstatistics?(Importance:
Medium)

WhatdotheyalreadyprovideasOpenData?
Whatsystematicprocessesexistforcollecting,cleaningandmanagingdata?
Whatdataispubliclyavailable?Towhatextentisitdownloadableinreusable
form?

1.17 Whichagenciesorministriesappearmostconcernedaboutthereleaseofdata,andwhat
isthebasisoftheirconcern?Howcantheybehandledprocedurally,andhowcantheir
concernsbeaddressed?(Importance:High)

1.18 HowstrongisthegovernmentsoverallICTskillbaseamongseniorgovernmentleaders
andcivilservants?(Importance:High)

Towhatextentareleadersdigitallyliterate?
TowhatextentdogovernmentofficialsreceivetrainingonICT,datastandardsor
dataanalytics?
Whatassessmentdoesthegovernmentmake(e.g.throughanICTcompetency
framework)todetermineortrackICTskilllevelsamongcivilservants?
WhatpartdoICTskillsplayindecidingcivilservicegradesandpromotions?

1.19 WhatisthegovernmentspresenceontheWeb?(Importance:Medium)

Whichagencieshavewebsites?Whatportalsdoesthegovernmentmanage?
WhichagenciesthataremoreadvancedintheirWebpresenceoruseoftheInternet(e.g.,
useofsocialmedia)?WhichagenciesofferanyeServicesorAPIs?Mobileenabled
services?
Whichagenciesmeasurethetraffictheirwebsitesreceiveorusewebanalytics?
Howoftendoagenciesupdatetheirwebsites?Whodoesthismostfrequently?

Assessment

Ratingofinstitutionalreadinessfocusesonthreecoreissues:(i)expressedreadinessofan
agencywithsufficientpoliticalweightandcompetencytoleadonOpenData;(ii)trackrecordof
interagencymechanismscoordinatingmajorICTorOpenGovernmentinitiatives;and(iii)
existenceandeffectivenessofpositionscomparabletoaCIO/CTOwithinagenciesresponsible
forstrategicICTdecisionsandmanagement.
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AGREENratingfortheInstitutionaldimensionalwaysrequiresevidenceof(i),togetherwith
clearevidenceforatleastoneotherissue.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindings
suchas:

Wellestablishedinteragencycoordination/mechanismsforICTandOpen
Governmentinitiativesandoversight.
Existenceofatleastoneagency/unitwithdemonstratedcompetencyandpolitical
weighttobeleadagencyforOpenDataProgram.
Importantagenciesalreadyhavepositionsfordatamanager,CIO/CTOfunction.
Trackrecordofregularperformancemanagementbygovernment/agencies.

AYELLOWratingfortheInstitutionaldimensionwillbeassociatedwithagovernmentthathas
goodoptionsforanagency/entitytoleadanOpenDataProgramoratleastmanageaportal,even
ifafinaldecisionhasnotbeentakenyet.Yellowisalsoappropriatewhenagovernmentdoesnot
haveCIOtypepositionsbutatleastsomekeyagencieshaveITdepartmentswithrealtechnical
capacityandtrackrecordforICTcoordinationismixed.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustified
byfindingssuchas:

ThereareidentifiableoptionsforagenciesabletomanageanOpenDataportal,
butnoobviouschoicethathasboththepoliticalweightandtechnicalcompetencytobe
anidealcandidatetoleadanOpenDataProgram.
EvenifnoCIOtypepositions,somekeyagencieshaveITdepartmentswithreal
technicalcapacity.
MajorICTorOpenGovernmentinitiativeshaveorarebeingimplementedand
coordinatedbyinteragencybodies,butevidenceismixedontheabilitytomanageand
executesuchinitiatives.
Someevidenceofuseofperformancemanagementbygovernment/agencies.

AREDratingfortheInstitutionaldimensionismeritedwhenthereisnoagencywellpositioned
(intermsofpoliticalweightandtechnicalskills)andreadytomanageanOpenDataProgram.
RedisalsosupportedwhenthereisnotrackrecordforcoordinatingormanagingICTissues
acrossgovernment.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

Thereisnoagencywellpositioned(intermsofpoliticalweightandtechnical
skills)andreadytomanageanOpenDataProgram.
ThereisnotrackrecordofmanagingwholeofgovernmentICTinitiatives.
Trackrecordofinteragencycoordinationisweak.
Governmentanditsagenciesdonothaveanactivewebpresence.

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4. GOVERNMENTDATAMANAGEMENTPOLICIES,PROCEDURESANDDATA
AVAILABILITY

Importance High

Context:OpenDataprogramscanbuildonestablisheddigitaldatasourcesandinformation
managementprocedureswithingovernmentwheretheyalreadyexist.Wheredataisonly
availableinpaperformitwillbehardtoreleaseasOpenDataandinreusableformatquicklyand
cheaply.Conversely,goodexistinginformationmanagementpracticeswithingovernmentcan
makeitmucheasiertofinddataandassociatedmetadataanddocumentation,identifybusiness
ownership,assesswhatneedstobedonetoreleaseitasOpenDataandputprocessesinplace
thatmakethereleaseofdataasustainable,businessasusual,downstreamprocessaspartofday
todayinformationmanagement.

Onavailabilityofkeydatasets,theAssessmentshouldconsiderwhetherkeydatasetsare
availableandwhatwouldneedtobedoneinordertoreleasethemasOpenData.Whichdatasets
arekeywilldependontheparticularcountrycircumstancesDatasetswhichsupportwider
politicalornationalprioritieswillbeofparticularimportancebecauseoftheirutilityin
supportingwiderchange.However,experiencefromexistingOpenDataprogramshasshown
thatcertaintypesofdatasetsareusuallyprominentamongthosethatsupporttypicalOpenData
objectivessuchaseconomicgrowth,improvingpublicservicesandincreasingOpen
Governmentandtransparency.Table1showsthesedatasets,derivedfrompreviousversionsof
theOpenDataReadinessAssessmentTool(itselfdrawingonWorldBankexperience),fromthe
G8OpenDataCharter(June2013)andfromtheOpenKnowledgeFoundationOpenDataIndex
(2013edition).OtherdatasetsidentifiedasimportantinlocalcircumstancesinpreviousOpen
DataReadinessAssessmentsincludesuchdatarelatedtowaterpoints,agriculture,natural
resources/extractives,disasterpreparednessandmanagement,andhousingmaintenance.

TheidentificationofthepotentialkeydatasetsfortheAssessmentshouldstartbeforetheODRA
mission,duringthepreparatoryphase.Factualinformationabouteachdatasetshouldbe
requestedduringthefieldworkpreparationphaseasindicatedinpoints17and18ofAnnexAto
theODRAUsersManual.

Evidence

+ Complete,uptodateanddetailedinventoryofdataholdings.

+ Coherentinformationmanagementpoliciesandstandards,consistentlyenforcedacross
government.

+ Processfordigitizationofrecordswhichconformstointernationalstandardstoensure
accessanduseofthedata.

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Mostgovernmenthelddataisinpaperformat.

Agenciesevidencelittleawarenessoftheirinventoryofdataassets.

Thereisnogovernanceprocessforinformationanddatasecurity

Anypolicyondataarchivinganddigitalpreservationisnotbeingapplied.

Therearenocommondatastandards(forinstancethestandardsinagovernment
interoperabilityframework)forthegovernmentasawhole.

Procurementlaws/regulationsdonotensurethatgovernmentretainsownershipof
informationgeneratedorheldbycontractors,PPPsoroutsourcedsuppliers.

Duetodecentralization,dataonmanyvitalissuesisinaccessibletothepublicoreventhe
nationalgovernment,includingdataonschools,healthcarespending,crime,mining,
energy,weatherandstatisticsdisaggregatedatstate/locallevels.

QuestionstoAsk

1.20 Whatarethepoliciesandpracticesonthemanagementofgovernmentinformation?
(Importance:High)

Whatarethegovernanceprocessesforinformationanddatasecurity?
WhatpolicyfactorsenableorobstructthereleaseofthedataasOpenData?
Whatpoliciesorstandardsexistfordataquality,includingprovenance,accuracy,
timelinessandcompleteness?
Whatpolicies/lawsexistonuseoflanguages?Doallgovernmentpublicationsand
datahavetobeinmultiplelanguages?
WhatbenefitswouldfollowfromthereleaseofthedataasOpenData?Howdo
theserelatetotheobjectivesoftheAssessment?

1.21 Towhatextentdoesthegovernmenthaveacoherentviewofitsdataholdings?
(Importance:Medium)

Whatinventoriesofdataexist,bothatwholeofgovernmentlevelandbyeach
agencyresponsiblefordata(suchastheNationalStatisticsOffice)?Whatstandardsfor
theseapplyacrossgovernmentasawhole?
Howcomplete,uptodateanddetailedaretheinventory(s)?
Whatarethemetadatastandards,andtowhatextentaredataholdingsdescribed
bycomplete,accurateanddetailedmetadatarecordsinpractice?
Towhatextentarethereestablishedcorecommonreferencedatasetswhichare
usedacrossgovernment(e.g.organizationcodes,addressregister)

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1.22 Howandwhereisgovernmentdataheld?(Importance:High)

Howmuchcurrentdataisindigitalandreuseforms(ratherthanpaper,microfilm,
imageetc.forms)?Whataboutlegacydata(includingbothhistoricalrecordsandpast
transactions,e.g.,cadastralrecords)?
Towhattechnologicalformatsandstandardsisgovernmentdataheld?Arethey
openorproprietaryformats?Whatgovernmentinteroperabilityframeworkexists,and
howisitactivelyusedbyagenciestosupportthedevelopmentofintegrateddataassets
andinformationexchange?
WhattechnicalfactorsenableorobstructthereleaseofthedataasOpenData?
Ifpublicserviceinformationisheldbycontractors,PPPsoroutsourcedsuppliers,
whohasownershipofitanddoestheagencyresponsiblehaverightstoaccess,useand
distributeitfreely?
Howisdataarchivedanddigitallypreservedonceithasceasedtobeused
operationally?Whatarethestandards,policies,responsibilitiesandproceduresfordata
archivinganddigitalpreservation?Towhatextentdoestheyconformtointernational
standardsandbestpractice?

1.23 Whatistheextentofintraandintergovernmentactualdemandandlatentdemandfor
data?(Importance:High)

Howandtowhatextentisdatasharedbetweenagenciesatthesametierof
government?
Howandtowhatextentisdatasharedbetweendifferenttiersofgovernment?
Howeasyordifficultdopublicagenciesfindittoobtaincorecommonreference
datafromotherpartsofgovernment?
Whattaxonomyand/orclassifiersareusedwithingovernment?Whichagencies
usethesameclassifierswhenexchangingdata?
Howeasyordifficultdopublicagenciesfindittoobtainoperationaland
statisticaldatafromotherpartsofgovernment?
Whatdataisboughtfromprivatesectorproviders,andatwhatcost?

1.24 Whatdataisalreadymadeavailableoutsidegovernmenteitherfreeorforafeeandon
whatconditions?(Importance:High)

Whatdatasetsareavailable?Inwhatformat,anddoestheformatallowreuseofthe
data?

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Howisinformationavailableinstaticfiles,orthroughAPIs,orboth?
Whatincome(ifany)isgenerated?Whatarethecostsofadministratingany
charges?
Whatconditionsareimposed?Forwhatreason?
Towhatextentisdataongovernmentwebsitesdownloadableorscrapable?

1.25 Whatpracticalexperiencedoesthegovernmenthaveinanonymizingpersonaldata?
(Importance:High)

Whichagencies(suchastheNSO)anonymizedataasastandardpracticeintheirwork?
Whatstandardsareappliedforanonymizationofdata?
Whatexperiencehastherebeenwithdeanonymizationthatisthereidentificationof
peopleusingacombinationofanonymizeddatatogetherwithotherdatasources?

1.26 Whichagencieswithestablishedcapabilitiesindatamanagement(e.g.theNSO)could
giveleadershiptoawiderprogram?Usefulexistingcapabilitieswouldinclude:(Importance:
Medium)

datacollection,curation,managementandpublication
useofwelldocumented,standardworkflowfordatamanagement
dataanalytics
privacysafeguardingandanonymization

Assessment

RatingofreadinessforGovernmentDataManagementfocusesonthreecoreissues:(i)howand
wheredataisheldbygovernment;(ii)thevisibilityofagenciesintotheirdataholdings;and(iii)
theexistenceofkeydataowningagencieswithdemonstrablecapabilitiesindatamanagement.

AGREENratingforGovernmentDataManagementalwaysrequiresevidenceoflargeamounts
ofhighvalue,digitaldatatogetherwithclearevidenceforatleastoneotherissue.Therating
wouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

Largeamountsofhighvaluedataalreadyheldindigitalformat.
Thedataalreadyexistsinmachinereadableformsuitableforpublication.
Thedataisheldinadatabasefromwhichanextractioncaneasilybeperformed.
Notableamountofmachinereadabledataalreadypublishedonlinebyatleast
afew(12)agencies.
Thedataisavailableinprintedpublicationsthatarepricedatnomorethanthe
costofprintinganddistribution,andtheprintedformiscompiledfromamachine
readableformsuchasaspreadsheet.
Severalkeyagencies(statisticsandothers)havedemonstrablecapabilitiesin

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datamanagement.
Agenciesgenerallyhavegoodvisibilityintotheirdataholdings.
Asageneralruleagenciesdonotchargefordata.
Strongrecordofdataexchangeamongagencies,notonlybymanualrequest.
ThedatahasbeenreleasedinresponsetorequestsundertheFreedomof
Informationlaw.
Therealreadyexistsanexplicitpoliticalcommitmenttoreleasethedatatothe
public(forexample,aspartofagovernmentsActionPlanfortheOpenGovernment
Partnershiporanothergovernmentinitiative).

AYELLOWratingissupportedwhenmultipleagencieshaveagoodunderstandingoftheirdata
assetsanddatamanagementcapabilities,evenifnoformalinventoriesofdataassetsexist.
YellowisalsoappropriatewhensomekeyagencieshaveManagementInformationSystems
holdinghighvalue,machinereadabledata,andthereisevidencethatagenciesprovidehigh
valuedataonlineoratleastonrequest.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuch
as:

Fewornoagencyinventoriesofdataassets,butcertainofficialshaveafair
understandingoftheiragencysdataassets.
NotablenumberofkeyagencieshaveManagementInformationSystems(MIS)
thatholdhighvalue,machinereadabledata,thoughtheymaybesiloed.
Governmenthasanagencyorbodyresponsibleforstatisticsthathasreal
capabilitiesindataanddatamanagement.
Recordismixedonagencieskeepingtheirdataupdatedinatimelymanner.
Therearesomekeyagenciesthatdoprovidehighvaluedataonrequestorupon
registrationonline.
Anumberofagencieshaveofficialpoliciesandpracticesonchargingforaccess
todata.
Thedataiscurrentlyavailableatacost,andthetotalincomefromthedataisnot
materialintermsofthebudgetoftheagencyconcerned.
Thedatawouldneedtoanonymizedbutthiscouldbedoneinastraightforward
manner.
Thereleaseofthedatawouldrequiretheconsentofmultipleagenciesor
levelsofgovernment.
MoresuitabledatawillbecomeavailableaspartofaneworreplacementICT
systemcurrentlybeingimplemented.
ThedataisheldinaproprietaryICTsystemforwhichaspecialextractprogram
wouldneedtobedevelopedbythesupplier.
Thedataisregularlyrequestedbycivilsociety.
Thereleaseofthedatawouldbeofsignificantbenefittotheobjectivesof
theOpenDataProgram.
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AREDratingismeritedwhenagovernmentprovideslittledataonlineandevidenceofagencies
sellingorchargingfordata.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

Relativelylittledataispublishedonline.
Evidencethatdataisoftensoldbyagenciesunofficially.
Strong,prevailingcultureamongagenciesthatgovernmenthelddatais
notapublicgood.
Noreliableanonymizationpracticesusedbyagencies.
Thedataisnotheldindigitalform,existssolelyinpaperformatandthereareno
otherplans(orbudget)todigitizeit.
Thedataissubjecttospecificconfidentialitylegislationwhichwouldneedtobe
changed.
Thedataissensitivepersonaldatawhichcouldnoteasilybeanonymized.
Thecollectionandmaintenanceofthedataislargelyorwhollyfinancedby
sellingdata.
Thedataissuppliedunderanundertakingofconfidentiality.
Thedatadoesnotbelongtothegovernment.
Thedataisthesubjectofanexisting(contractual)exclusivearrangementthatmay
bedifficultlegallytorevise.

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Table1:KEYTYPESOFDATASETSFROMPREVIOUSEXPERIENCE

AssessmentFramework G8OpenDataCharter2013 OpenDataIndex2013

version2(2013)
1 Budgetdata(bothat localbudget,nationalbudget Nationalgovernmentbudget
MinistryofFinanceand atahighlevel(e.g.spending
individualagencylevel) bysector,departmentetc).
2 Disaggregatedpublic Transactionlevelpublic Recordsofactual(past)
expenditureandgrantdata expenditure nationalgovernment
(e.g.whichschoolgot spendingatadetailed
whatmoney,when) transactionallevel;atthe
levelofmonthtomonth
governmentexpenditureon
specificitems
3 Statisticaldata(fromthe NationalStatistics, Keynationalstatisticssuch
NationalStatisticsOffice infrastructure,wealth,skills asdemographicand
orindividualdepartments economicindicators(GDP,
publishingrecognized unemployment,population,
nationalstatistics) etc).
4 Censusdata Census
5 Parliamentarydata GovernmentAccountability Resultsbyconstituency/
includingrecordsof andDemocracy: districtforallmajornational
proceedings,draftlaws electoralcontests.
Governmentcontactpoints,
underdebateandenacted electionresults,legislation
versionoflegislation andstatutes,salaries(pay Allnationallawsand
scales),hospitality/gifts statutestobeavailable
online
6 Procurementdata(who Contractslet,callsfortender,
wasawardedwhat)and futuretenders
contractdata(the
documentsanddetailsof
thedeal)
7 Dataonpublicfacilities
includingschools,
hospitals,policestations,
publictoilets,libraries,
governmentofficesetc.
locationandservices
available

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AssessmentFramework G8OpenDataCharter2013 OpenDataIndex2013

version2(2013)
8 Publicservicedelivery Listofschools;performance
andperformancedataat ofschools,digitalskills
thelevelofindividual
school,hospital/clinicetc. Health
Prescriptiondata,
healthperformancedata

Housing,healthinsuranceand
unemploymentbenefits
9 Transportdataincluding Publictransporttimetables, Timetablesofmajor
roadsandpublictransport accesspointsbroadband governmentoperated(or
penetration commissioned)national
levelpublictransport
services(specificallybus
andtrain).
10 Crimedatatothelevelof Crimestatistics,safety
individualcrimesandtheir
locations
11 Reportsofinspectionsand
officialdecisionsand
rulingsinreusableform
(e.g.publichealth
inspectionsoffood
outlets)
12 Officialregisters Company/businessregister Listofregistered(limited
company,charities, liability)companies
cadastral/landownership includingname,unique
etc. identifierandadditional
informationsuchasaddress,
registeredactivities.

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AssessmentFramework
version2(2013)
13 Geospatialinformation Topography,postcodes,
maps,addressregisters, nationalmaps,localmaps
pointsofinterest.
14 Weatherdata
15 Constructiondata
(permits,zoning)
16 Realestatedata(sales,
listings,taxes,other
propertyspecificdata)
17
18
19
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G8OpenDataCharter2013 OpenDataIndex2013
Highlevelmapatascaleof
1:250,000orbetter(1cm=
2.5km).
Adatabaseofpostcodes/zip
codesandthecorresponding
geospatiallocationsinterms
ofalatitudeandalongitude
Earthobservationdata,
including
meteorological/weather,
agriculture,forestry,fishing,
andhunting
Pollutionlevels,energy Aggregatedataaboutthe
consumption emissionofairpollutants,
especiallythosepotentially
harmfultohumanhealth
GlobalDevelopment:Aid,
foodsecurity,extractives,land
ScienceandResearch
Genomedata,researchand
educationalactivity,
experimentresults
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5. DEMANDFOROPENDATA

Importance VeryHigh

Context:Thevalueofdataisinitsuse.Astrongdemandsidepullofdataisimportantnot
onlyincreatingandmaintainingpressureongovernmenttoreleasedatabutalsoinensuringthat
thewiderOpenDataEcosystemdevelopsandthatOpenDataisturnedintoeconomicallyor
sociallyvaluableservicesforcitizens.Thepullcancomefromcivilsociety,theprivatesector,
internationalorganizations,donorsandindividualcitizens.

Evidence

+ FormalGovernmentpolicyonsocialmediaand/orcitizenengagement.

+ Examplesofparticipatoryconsultativeprocessestoinformpolicydecisions.

+ Examplesofwellknowncivilsocietyorganizationsusingtechnologytoempower
citizens.TherearecivilsocietychampionsforOpenData.

+ Examplesofindividualbusinesses(ortradeassociations)seeking/usingdata.

Citizensdonotdigitallyengagewithgovernment.

Therearenolocalbusinessesingeospatialdataandmaps,inweatherorintransport
information.

Itisdifficultforpublicagenciestoobtainoperationalandstatisticaldatafromotherparts
ofgovernment.

QuestionstoAsk

1.27 WhatisthelevelandnatureofactualdemandandlatentdemandfordatafromCivil
Society,DevelopmentPartnersandthemedia?(Importance:High)

WhoarethecivilsocietychampionsforOpenData?
WhichNGOsareusinggovernmentdatainasystematicwayintheirwork,
reporting,etc.?
WhichDevelopmentPartnersareusingwhichgovernmentdataintheirwork?
Whatdatadotheywant?
Towhatextentisthereasocialauditmovementwithapossibledemandfor
spendingandbudgetdata?
Whatrequestsofdatahavebeenmadebycivilsociety/NGOs?Howwouldthey
expresstheserequests?Howhavetheybeeninvitedtomakerequestsfordata?

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Howadvancedarethemediaintermsofdatajournalism?
Whichcivilsocietyorganizationshaveacapacitytodevelopormanagesoftware
applicationsorinnovativewebsites?

1.28 Whatarethelevelandnatureofactualdemandandlatentdemandfordatafrom
business/theprivatesector?(Importance:High)

Whichbusinessesusegovernmentdataordeliverserviceswhichcouldbenefit
fromaccesstoit?
Whatlocalbusinessesusegeospatialdataandmaps,weatherortransport
information?Whatdatadotheyconsiderthegovernmentshouldmakeavailable?
Whatbusinesses,localorbranchesofinternationalfirms,existtoprovidevalue
addedservicestobusinesstobusinesscommercesuchascreditrating,business
directories,marketintelligence?Whatgovernmentdatawouldtheyliketoseereleased?

1.29 Howdopublicagencieslistentodemandsfordataandrespond?(Importance:Medium)

Whatistheprocessforidentifyingandmeetingdemandfordata,eitheroutside
governmentorinside?
Ifthereisanaccesstoinformationlaworfreedomofinformationlaw,whattypes
ofinformationaremostdemandedunderthelaw?
Whatprocessexistsforpeopletorequestinformationfrompublicagencies/
government?Whatinformationismostrequested?
Howaregovernmentprioritiesforstatisticsdecided,andonwhatevidence?
Howaregovernmentprioritiesforgeospatialdatadecided,andonwhatevidence?

1.30 Howdoexternalstakeholdersviewpublicagencieswillingnesstolistentodemandsfor
dataandrespond?(Importance:Medium)

Howdoexternalstakeholdersviewtheprocessforidentifyingandmeeting
demandfordatafromoutsidegovernment?
Howresponsivedoexternalstakeholdersconsiderthegovernmentisin
respondingtorequestsforinformation?
Howinvolveddoexternalstakeholdersconsidertheyareinthesettingof
prioritiesforkeynationalinformationinfrastructuredatasuchasstatisticsandgeospatial
referencedata?

Assessment

RatingofreadinessforDemandforOpenDatafocusesontwocoreissues:(i)evidenceofdata
demandbycivilsociety,privatesector,researchcommunityandmedia,and(ii)existenceof
agencymechanismsinplacetointakeandrespondtorequestsfordata.

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AGREENratingforDemandforOpenDatacanbesupportedbyclearevidenceofa
combinationoffactorssuchasdatademandbycivilsociety,privatesector,researchcommunity
andmedia,effectivemechanismsfordatasharingamongagenciesandwithpeopleoutside
government,andarecordofcitizenengagement.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedby
findingssuchas:

Clearevidenceofdatademandbycivilsociety,privatesector,researchersand
media.
Effectivemechanismsfordatarequestsbypeopleoutsidegovernment(e.g.,civil
societygroups)wherehighvaluedataisreleased.
Publicagenciesactivelyseekinformationonthedemandfordatafromboth
currentandpotentialusersofdata,andreflectthatinplanningtheircollection,
maintenanceandpublicationofdata

AYELLOWratingissupportedwhenthereissomeevidenceofdatademandfromoutside
governmentandsomeagenciesdohaveresponsivechannelsfordatarequestsandrelease.The
ratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

Someevidenceofexpresseddatademandbycivilsociety,privatesectorand
media.
Evidenceofusageofanymechanismswhichsomeagencieshaveinplacefor
civilsocietytorequestdata,andevidenceofsomedatareleaseinresponse.
Publicagenciestakesomeaccountofdemandfordatainplanningtheir
collection,maintenanceandpublicationofdata,buttheydonotactivelyseekinformation
fromcurrentorpotentialdatausers.

AREDratingismeritedwhenthereisapoortrackrecordinrespondingtodata/information
requests,agenciessharelittledatawitheachothereasilyandcivilsocietyisveryunder
developed(orpassive).Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

Evidencepointstoverylittledemandforgovernmentdatabyusercommunities
(suchasCSOsandprivatesector)
Apoortrackrecordbythegovernmentinrespondingtothelimited
data/informationrequeststhataremade.
Publicagenciesdonottakeaccountofinformationonthedemandfordatain
planningtheircollection,maintenanceandpublicationofdata.

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6. CIVICENGAGEMENTANDCAPABILITIESFOROPENDATA

Importance High

Context:ExperienceamongleadinggovernmentshasdemonstratedthatOpenDatainitiativesare
moresustainableandhighimpactwhenOpenDataeffortsuseanecosystemapproach
meaninggovernmentsinvestnotonlyinsupplyingdatabutalsoaddressthepolicy/legal
framework,institutionalreadiness,capacitybuilding(forgovernmentandinfomediaries),citizen
engagement,innovationfinancingandtechnologyinfrastructure.Governmentsneedtoplaya
multidimensionalroleinanOpenDataecosystemandcreatenewtypesofpartnershipswitha
widerangeofstakeholders.

EvidenceofCivicEngagementandCapabilitiesforOpenData

+ Agenciesregularlyengagecitizens,businessesandotherstakeholderstogetfeedbackand
inputontheirservices,decisionsoractivitieseitherusingICTorinmoretraditional
ways.

+ Agencieshaveatrackrecordforengagingwithdevelopersinthecreationofapplications
andeServices.Atrackrecordengagingotherreusercommunitiesisalsoaplus.

+ Therehavebeencocreationtypeevents(e.g.,hackathons,codesprints,appschallenges).

+ Acriticalmassoflocaldevelopersexists,andasacommunitytheyareactiveonsocial
mediaplatformsorthroughinpersonactivities.

+ Earlystagefinancingisavailableforentrepreneursandstartups.

+ ThereisalreadyanAppsEconomy(evenifsmall)withfirmsdevelopingapplications
andpeopleusing/purchasing/downloadingapps.

+ Therearetechnicalschoolsanduniversitieswithcomputerscienceprogramsthatproduce
anotablenumberofgraduatesperyearwithtechnicaldegrees.

Journalismisorganizedmainlyaroundlargemediaorganizations,andtherearefew
freelance/independentjournalistsandnoindependentjournalismassociations.

Statecontrolledmediadominatethemediaindustry.

Questionstoask

1.31 Whichpotentialinfomediaries(suchasdatajournalists)areabletohelptranslateOpen
Dataintomeaningfulinformationforthepublic?Whatactionsareneededtodevelopor

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enhancethesepartsoftheOpenDataEcosystem(Importance:High)

WhichNGOs,journalistsormediaorganizationsactivelyusegovernmentdata?
Howisjournalismorganized:mainlyaroundlargemediaorganizations,oristhere
significantnumberoffreelance/independentjournalists?
Howisthemediaindustrystructured?Howrobustareprintmedia,broadcast
media,andonlinemedia?Whatistheroleofstateownedorstatecontrolledmedia
dominate?
Whatindependentjournalismassociationsexist?

1.32 Whatactivitieshasthegovernmentengagedintopromotereuseofgovernmenthelddata
(e.g.,indevelopingappsororganizingcocreationevents)?Howcouldsuchpromotionbe
developedorenhanced?(Importance:High)

Havegovernment/agenciesengagedinanydevelopmentofapplications(Web,
mobile)?
Haveanycocreationeventsbeenorganized?
Whichnongovernmentcommunitiesusegovernmentdata?

1.33 Whatistheextentofengagementwithgovernmentthroughsocialmediaandotherdigital
channels?(Importance:Medium)

Howextensiveistheuseofsocialmediabycitizens?Whatarethemain
platforms?
Howdothegovernment/individualagenciesusesocialmediaorotherformsof
digitalengagement?Whatpoliciesexistforthis,ifany?
Towhatextenthavecitizensdigitallyengagedwithgovernment?Whatarethe
mainissuesthatgenerateengagement?Howwouldcitizensknowiftheirinputwas
considered?
Whatlevelofcitizentocitizenengagementisthereonkeypoliticalandsocial
issues?Isthisdrivenbydatatoanyextent?Howwouldtheavailabilityofgovernment
dataimprovethisdebate?

1.34 TowhatextentisthereanexistingAppsEconomy?(Importance:MediumHigh)

Whatcultureofappsusageexists?
WhatappshavebeendevelopedbasedonOpenDataorothergovernmentdata?
Whohasdevelopedthese?
Whatcompaniessellservicesusinggovernmentdata?

1.35 Towhatextentisthereanacademicorresearchcommunitywhichtrainspeoplewith
technicalskillsorhascapabilitiesindataanalysis?(Importance:Medium)
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Whichtechnicalschoolsoruniversitieswithcomputerscienceprograms?How
manygraduatesperyearwithtechnicaldegrees?
Whichuniversitiesofferadvancedstatisticsprograms?
Whichcomputer/webscienceacademicsconnectwiththegovernment?
Whatrelevantnetworksofresearchersorresearchcentersexist?
Towhatextentdoesthesecondaryschoolcurriculumincludecomputerscienceor
ICTtraining?
Whatprogramsaddressrelevanttechnologies(e.g.,webscience,semanticweb,
bigdatatechnologies)?

Assessment

RatingofreadinessforCitizenEngagementandCapabilitiesfocusesonfivemainissues:(i)
governmentrecordoncitizenengagement;(ii)thecapacityoftechnicaluniversities;(iii)
potentialinfomediariessuchasdatajournalists;(iv)existenceofanAppsEconomy;and(v)
governmentpromotionofreuseofitsdata.

AGREENratingcanbesupportedbyevidenceofacombinationoffactorssuchasastrong
recordofcitizenengagement,technicaluniversitiesthatproduceadvancedresearchand
collaborateonICTprojects,arealandgrowingAppsEconomy,andagencieswithexperiencein
cocreation.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

Governmenthasstrongrecordofengagingwithcitizensandincorporatingtheir
inputintopoliciesordecisions.
Datajournalismexiststosomedegree.
Universitiesproducesignificantnumberoftechnicalgraduates,havetrackrecord
ofICTcollaborationwithprivatesectorandadvancedresearchinleadingareaslike
analytics,BigData,semanticWeb,etc.
AppsEconomyexistsandisgrowing.
Therearemultipleexamplesofgovernmentandcivilsociety(orothernon
governmentstakeholders)engagingincocreationactivities.

AYELLOWratingisappropriatewhenevidenceindicatesthattertiaryeducationinstitutions
producesanotablenumberofgraduateswithtechnicaldegrees/skills,anAppsEconomyis
emergingandthereissomedatajournalismhappening.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedby
findingssuchas:

Thereisevidenceofsomedatajournalismamongafewmediaorganizations.
ThereisanotableICTsector,eveniftheAppsEconomyisstillyoung/small.
Tertiaryeducationsystemproducesanotablenumberofgraduateswithtechnical
degrees/skills.

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AREDratingismeritedwhengovernmenthasnotpromoteddatareuseandpracticeslittle
genuinecitizenengagement,thetechnicaleducationsystemisweak,andthereaserious
constraintstogrowthofICTsectororanAppsEconomy.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustified
byfindingssuchas:

Governmenthasnoexperienceengagingwithcivilsocietyorothersinco
creationofappsdevelopmentorpromotingreuseofitsdata.
Evidencepointstolittleornonotablecitizenparticipationinpublicaffairs.
Veryunderdeveloped(orpassive)civilsociety.
Governmentoffers(oruses)fewdigitalchannelstoengagecitizenssuchas
socialmedia.
ThereisnoAppsEconomyofanynotablesize,andtheICTsectorisrelatively
smallwithseriousconstraintstoitsgrowth.
Tertiaryeducationsystemisweakandproducesfewgraduateswithadequate
technicalskillsfortheICTmarket.

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7. FUNDINGANOPENDATAPROGRAM

Importance MediumHigh

Context:FundingwithrespecttoboththesupplysideanddemandsideofOpenDatais
importanttoensurethattheobjectivesofanOpenDataProgramaremet.

Evidence

+ Resourcesfromgovernmentand/orothers(e.g.,donorsorprivatesector)areavailableto
fundanOpenDataProgramincludingdevelopmentandmaintenanceofanOpenData
Portalforthefirstfewyears.

+ Governmentisalreadythinkinghowtomeasurereturnoninvestmentforthecostofan
OpenDataProgrameitherinfinancialterms(forexamplepotentialcostsavings,value
ofnewservices,oreconomicimpact).orinsocialterms.

+ Governmenthasidentifiedfundingforthedevelopmentofselected,highpriorityapps
andeServicesthatwillleverageOpenData.

+ Governmentalreadyhassomeestablishedinnovationfundingmechanisms.

+ GovernmentalreadyinvestsinICTtrainingforitscivilservants,andpooloftechskillsin
keyagenciesalreadyexiststogetdatasuppliedtoanOpenDataportal.

Governmenthasnohistoryoffundingeffortstomakegovernmentdataavailableormore
widelyusable.

Governmentcurrentlymakesnodirectinvestmentsininnovation,SMEsorICTindustry
development.

GovernmenthasneverinvestedindevelopmentofanyeServices,applicationsore
Governmentprojects.

Questionstoask

1.36 HowcouldresourcesbeidentifiedtofundaninitialphaseofanOpenDataProgram?
Whowouldneedtotakewhatactiontodoso?(Importance:VeryHigh)

Whichexistingprojects(governmentordonorfinanced)couldmakea
contributiontofundinganOpenDataProgram?
WhichdonorsordevelopmentpartnershaveindicatedaninterestinOpenDataor
OpenGovernmentissues?
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WhatthoughthasbeengiventodevelopingthebusinesscaseforanOpenData
Program?
WhomustbeconvincedtofundanOpenDataProgram?Whichpoliticalleaders
mustsupportit?

1.37 Whatanyresourcesexistorhaveanybeenidentifiedtofunddevelopmentofinitialapps
andeServicesthatwilluseOpenData?(Importance:High)

Whatfundingforappsdevelopmentdoesthegovernmentprovidetoagenciesor
otherstouse?

1.38 WhatfundingisavailabletosupportthenecessaryICTinfrastructureandensureenough
staffhavetheskillsneededtomanageanOpenDataProgram?(Importance:MediumHigh)

Howcouldcommoninfrastructureacrossagenciesthatcanbeleveraged?
Whatalreadyexistsintermsofdedicatedstafffordatamanagement,bothforthe
overallOpenDataProgramandamongkeyagencies?
Whatfundingandtechnicalskillsinkeyagenciesexiststogetdatasuppliedtoan
OpenDataPortal(includingcurationandcleaningofdata)?
Whatassessmenthasbeenmadeofvendorskillsandwhattheymightcost?

1.39 Whatfundingmechanismsdoesthegovernmenthaveforinnovation?(Importance:
MediumHigh)

Whatfundsdoesthegovernmenthavefordevelopmentofapplicationsore
Services?
Whatprogramsdoesthegovernmenthavetosupportorpromote
entrepreneurship,startupsordevelopmentofSMEs?
Whatfundingisavailabletobuildthecapacityofcivilsociety?Whatfunding
(e.g.,fromdonorsornongovernmentsources)isthereforinnovationstopromote
transparencyandaccountability?
Whatpublicprivatepartnershipsexistrelatedtotechnology?

Assessment

RatingofreadinessforFundingOpenDatafocusesonthreekeyissues:(i)existenceofresources
andpersonnelforanOpenDataProgram;(ii)availabilityofgovernmentfundingfornecessary
ICTinfrastructureandtraining;and(iii)governmentstrackrecordforinvestingininnovation.

AGREENratingcanbesupportedwhenagovernmenthasidentifiedsomeinitialresourcesand
personnelforitsOpenDataProgram,andalsohasarecordofinvestingininnovation.Therating
wouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

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ResourcesalreadyidentifiedforthefirstphaseofanOpenDataProgram,
includingappsdevelopment.
Governmenthasmadeandcontinuestomakesubstantialinvestmentsinpublic
ICTinfrastructureandtechnicaltrainingofcivilservants.
Trackrecordofpublicinvestmentininnovationfinancingandpromoting
entrepreneurship.

AYELLOWratingissupportedwhenagovernmentispreparedtoconsiderbudgetingforOpen
Dataeveniffundingisnotyetcommitted,andithassomeinitialstaffdedicatedtopreparingand
managinganOpenDataProgram.Yellowalsoapplieswhenagovernment,evenifconstrained
withlimitedresources,doesmanagetomakesomeinvestmentininnovation.Theratingwould
typicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

Alimitedamountofresources(peopleandmoney)areavailableforinitialwork
onanOpenDataProgramandgovernmentshowsreadinesstoconsiderbudgetingfor
it.
ThereisaninitialstaffindicatedtomanageanOpenDataProgrambutbudgetnot
yetcertain.
Despitelimitedresources,governmentdoesinvestininnovationfinancing.
AdequateICTinfrastructureexists,thoughcivilservantsdonotreceive
substantialtechnicaltraining.

AREDratingismeritedwhenagovernmenttodatemadenoindicationsofprovidingbudgetor
adedicatedteamtoanOpenDataProgram,andhasnorecordinmeaningfulinvestmentin
innovationorentrepreneurship.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

Governmentmakesnoinvestmentsininnovationorentrepreneurismthatmight
indicateawillingnesstosupportinnovativeICTinitiatives.
Governmenthasshownnoindicationsthatanystaffwillbededicatedto
managinganOpenDataProgram.

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8. NATIONALTECHNOLOGYANDSKILLSINFRASTRUCTURE

Importance High

Context:Inverypracticalways,OpenDataProgramsnormallyrelyfortheirsuccessatleastin
partonthenationaltechnologyinfrastructure,intermsoftechnologyandcommunications
servicesandtheICTskillsamongofficials,infomediariesandthegeneralpublic.

Evidence

+ GovernmentalreadyusesshareICTinfrastructureandsharedeServices.

+ MostagencieshaveaWebpresence.

+ IndividualagenciesoffereServices,includingmobileenabledservices.

+ Internetpenetrationinthecountry/localityisrobust(above40%).

BasicinfrastructureneededforOpenDatadoesnotexistorisunderdeveloped(little
Internetaccessorfreedom,connectivityispoororprohibitivelyexpensive).

Broadbandaccessisnotaffordableforasignificantpercentageofthepopulation.

ThelocalICTindustry(includingthesoftwaredevelopmentindustry)isnotsizablein
termsofemployment,revenuesorpercentageofGDP.

Questionstoask

1.40 WhatisthelocalICTecosystem?Whichtechnologiesreachwhatproportionof
citizens?(Importance:High)

Whatuseismadeofconventionalbrowserbasedinternettechnologies?How
widespreadisthisuse?
Whatuseismadeofsmartphonemobiletechnologies?Howwidespreadisthis
use?
WhatuseismadeofothermobiletechnologiessuchasSMS?Howwidespreadis
thisuse?
Whatistheextentofthedigitaldivide?

1.41 Whatisthelevelandcostofinternetaccess,bothbybroadbandandbymobile
technologies?(Importance:High)

WhatistheInternetcoverage(proportionofpopulationwhereinternetcouldbe

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available)?
WhatistheInternetpenetration(proportionofpopulationactuallyconnectedto
theinternet)?
WhatiscostofhighspeedInternetaccess?Howcostlyisitrelativetoaverage
incomes?
Whatisthemobilecoverage?Costsofmobile?
WheredoesthecountryrankinmajorICTindexes(suchasICTDevelopment
IndexpublishedbytheITU)?

1.42 Howreadilyavailableiscomputeandstoreinfrastructure?(Importance:MediumHigh)

Whatistheavailabilityofwebhostingservices?
Whatistheavailabilityofvirtualserverservices?
Whataccessistheretocloudcomputingservicesincludingprocessingand
storage?

1.43 HowstrongaretheITindustry,developercommunityandoveralldigitalliteracy?
(Importance:High)

WhatarethestatisticsonsizeoflocalICTindustry(e.g.,intermsofemployment,
revenuesorpercentageofGDP)?
TowhatextentdoMinistriesoragenciesoutsourceITfunctionsorservicestothe
privatesector?
Whatdoesthelocalsoftwaredevelopment/webdesignindustrylooklike?How
largeisit?Whatorganizedcommunitiesofdevelopersexist?
Whatisthestartupscene?Whatincubators/acceleratorsaretherefor
entrepreneursorstartups,anyventurecapitalorearlystageinvestmentfunds?
WhatindustryassociationsorgroupsforITcompaniesexist?
WhatisoveralllevelofInternetuseskills?
Whatisoveralllevelofdataskillsamongnongovernmentorganizations?
Whatareeducationlevels?

Assessment

RatingofreadinessforTechnologyandSkillsInfrastructurefocusesonfiveissues:(i)overall
ICTecosystemandskills;(ii)accesstohighspeedInternetandmobile;(iii)maturityof
governmentsICTinfrastructureanduseoftechnology,especiallyuseofsharedinfrastructure
andservices;(iv)ICTliteracyamongthepopulation;and(v)strengthofICTindustry,local
developercommunityandoveralldigitalliteracy.

AGREENratingismeritedbyacombinationoffactorssuchasagovernmentwithagenerally
strongtechnicalskillbase,notableInternetpenetrationthatisaffordabletoalargesegmentof

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thepopulation,governmentuseofsharedICTinfrastructureandtheWeb,avibrantlocal
developercommunityanddigitalliteracyamonganotablesegmentofthepopulation.Therating
wouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

HighspeedInternetaccessandpenetrationaresignificant(around50%
penetrationofhighspeedaccess)andnotonlyconfinedtourbanresidents.
ITliteracyisnotonlyconfinedtocitizensincities.
StrongICTinfrastructure,andGovernmenthassharedinfrastructurerelatedto
data(MISsystemsinterface/interoperate).
Avibrantstartupsceneexists.

AYELLOWratingisapplicablewhenInternetaccessissmallbutgrowingmeaningfully,mobile
penetrationissignificant,thegovernmenthasanotablenumberofinformationmanagement
systemsevenifsharedinfrastructure/servicesarelimited,andthedigitaldivideisarealproblem
butgovernmentistakinginitiativestoaddressit.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedby
findingssuchas:

Internetaccess(especiallybroadband)isgrowingandbecomingmoreaffordable.
Mobilepenetrationishighandaffordableforalargesegmentofpopulation.
Governmenthasanotablenumberofinformationmanagementsystems,though
many/mostdonotinteroperate.
Governmenthasfewsharedservicesbuthasformalplanstointroducesome.
Digitalliteracyinthemajorcitiesisnotable,thoughruralareasmaysufferfroma
realdigitaldivide.Governmentistakingactionstoaddressdigitaldivide.
Thedevelopercommunityissmall,butshowssomegenuineactivity.

AREDratingismeritedwhenInternetaccessisunavailableorunaffordabletomostcitizensand
mobileremainsunaffordabletolargesegmentsofthepopulation.Redisalsoappropriatewhere
technicalskillsinsidegovernmentaregenerallyweak,anddigitalliteracyamongcitizensis
generallylow,eveninurbanareas.Theratingwouldtypicallybejustifiedbyfindingssuchas:

Internetaccessisunavailable(orunaffordable)tomostofthepopulation.
GovernmentmakesnouseofsharedICTinfrastructureandservices,andits
investmentinICTisrelativelylow.
Evidenceindicatesthatdigitalliteracyamonggovernmentleadershipisweak.
ICTskillsincivilserviceareweak;fewagencieshasstaffwithstrongICTskills.
Nonotabledevelopercommunityexists.
Digitalliteracyamongthepopulationisverylow,eveninthemajorcities.

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