Biomolecules chapter key points

R. K. MALIKS NEWTON CLASSES JEE (MAIN & ADV.
), MEDICAL
+ BOARD, NDA, X & IX
Chapter 28
Biomolecules
S
HI S S
SE
NC L K
Solutions
LI SECTION - A
A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
50 C
H /H O
1. X + NH3 Y 2 H2N CH2COOH Compound X is
ON A
C
(1) Chloroacetic acid (2) Bromoacetic acid (3) Both (1) & (2) (4) Acetic acid
M
Sol. Answer (3)

NH
X CH2COOH
3
H2N CH2 CO O N H4 NH2 CH2COOH
Hydrolyses
(x) 50C
.
X may be chloro or bromoacetic acid

NE K
RA
-helical structure of protein is stabilized by

WT
2.
(1) Peptide bond (2) Dipeptide bond
R.
(3) van der Waals forces (4) Hydrogen bond

Sol. Answer (4)
-helical structure of protein is stabilized by straight H-bonds between imide group (NH) of one amino acid
and carbonyl group (CO) of fourth amino acid residue.
3. When protein is subjected to denaturation

(1) It is hydrolysed to constituent amino acids
(2) Electric field has no influence on its migration
(3) Constituent amino acids are separated
(4) It uncoils from an ordered and specific conformation into a more random conformation and precipitates from
solution
Sol. Answer (4)
Protein denaturation is disruption of stabilizing interchain bonds which destroy 3 dimensional form of proteins.
The latter becomes non-functional.
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R. K. MALIKS NEWTON CLASSES JEE (MAIN & ADV.), MEDICAL
82 Biomolecules Solution of Assignment
4. Fructose reduces Tollens reagent due to

(1) Presence of ketonic group
(2) Presence of NH4OH is Tollens reagent
(3) Rearrangement of fructose into a mixture of glucose, fructose and mannose
(4) Both (2) & (3)
Sol. Answer (4)
S
HI S S
When fructose is treated with dil. solution of an alkali, it undergoes reversible isomerization to form an
SE
equilibrium mixture of D-glucose, D-fructose and D-mannose.
NC L K
CHO CHOH CHO CH2OH
1,2-enolisation
H C OH C OH HO C H C O
LI
(CHOH)3 (CHOH)3 (CHOH)3 (CHOH)3
A
CH2OH CH2 OH CH2OH CH2OH
D(+) Glucose Enediol D(+) Mannose D() Fructose

ON A
It is due to isomerisation that fructose reduces Tollens reagent although it does not contain anCHO group
C
M
5. In alkaline solution D-glucose, D-mannose and D-fructose are in equilibrium. This reaction is known as
(1) Fries rearrangement
(2) Lobry de Bruyn-van Enkelstein rearrangement
.
(3) Hofmann rearrangement

(4) Kolbe's reaction
NE K
RA
Sol. Answer (2)

WT
6. D-glucose reacts with phenylhydrazine to make osazone. How many molecules of phenylhydrazine are used
for this reaction per molecule of D-glucose?
R.
(1) One (2) Two (3) Three (4) Four

Sol. Answer (3)
CHO CH = N.NHC6H5 CH = NNHC6H5
C6H5NH NH2 C6H5NHNH2
CHOH CHOH C=O
H2O
(CHOH) 3 (CHOH)3 (CHOH) 3
CH 2OH CH2OH CH2OH C6H5NHNH2

D (+) glucose
CH = N. NH C6H5
C = N. NHC6H5
CH (OH) 4
CH2 OH
(Osazone)

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Solution of Assignment Biomolecules 83
7. During mutarotation of -D-glucose in aqueous solution angle of optical rotation
(1) Remains constant value of + 111
(2) Remains constant value of + 19.2
(3) Changes from an angle of +112 to a constant value of +52.5
(4) Changes from an angle of +19.2 to a constant value of +52.5
Sol. Answer (4)
S
D(+) glucose) equilibrium mixture (D) glucose
HI S S
+III +52.5 +19.20
SE
NC L K
This spontaneous change in specific rotation of an optically active compound with time, to an equilibrium value
is called mutarotation.
8. Which of the following is correct about cellulose?
LI
(1) It is an important food material
(2) It has only -glucosidic linkage between two D-glucose unit
A
(3) It has only -glucosidic linkage between two D-glucose unit
ON A
(4) It is sweet in taste
Sol. Answer (3)
C
M
-1, 4-glycosidic linkage of cellulose
CH2OH CH2OH
O O
H H O
H H
.
O O
OH H OH H
H H
NE K
H OH H OH
RA
WT
9. Which of the following is incorrect about isoelectric point of amino acid?

R.
(1) At this point amino acid is present in the form of zwitter ion
(2) At this point amino acid is electrically neutral
(3) If pH > isoelectric point amino acid will move toward anode
(4) If pH > isoelectric point amino acid will move towards cathode
Sol. Answer (4)
The pH at which there is no net migration of the amino acid under the influence of an electric field is called
isoelectric point. At this pH amino acid exist in the form of zwittor ion
R R R
| H
+
+ |

OH
|

H3N CH COOH H3N CH COO H2 N CH COO
(at lower pH) (at higher pH)
Zwittor ion
(moves towards cathode) (moves towards anode)
10. If a native protein is subjected to physical or chemical treatment which may disrupt its higher structure without
affecting primary structure then this process is called
(1) Inversion of protein (2) Denaturation of protein (3) Renaturation of protein (4) Fermentation

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Sol. Answer (2)

It is disruption of stabilising inter chain bonds which destroys 3 dimensional form of proteins. The latter
becomes non-functional.
11. Ring structure of glucose is due to formation of hemiacetal and ring formation between
(1) C1 and C5 (2) C1 and C4 (3) C1 and C3 (4) C2 and C4
Sol. Answer (1)
S
HI S S
H H CH2OH
O OH
SE
C
C
6
NC L K
| | O
H C OH H C OH 5
H H
| | H
HO C H HO C H 4 1
| | OH H
O OH OH
H C OH H C OH 3 2
LI
| |
H OH
A
HCOH H C
|
CH2OH CH2OH
ON A
12. Acid hydrolysis of sucrose causes
C
(1) Esterification (2) Saponification (3) Inversion (4) Rosenmund reduction
M
Sol. Answer (3)
HCl
C12H22O11 H2O C6H12O6 C6H12O6
D glu cos e D fructose
.
[ ]D 66.5 [ ]D 52.5 [ ]D 92.4

NE K
Hydrolysis of sucrose to an equimolar mixture of D (+) glucose and D () fructose is accompanied by a

RA
change in the sign of optical rotation from dextro rotatory to laevorotatory , the overall process is called inversion
WT
of sugar
13. Which of the following gives an optically inactive aldaric acid on oxidation with dilute nitric acid?
R.
CHO CHO CHO CHO

H OH H OH H OH HO H
(1) H OH (2) HO H (3) HO H (4) H OH
HO H HO H H OH H OH
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH
Sol. Answer (3)
CHO COOH
H OH H OH
dil.HNO3
HO H HO H
H OH H OH
CH2OH COOH
Optically inactive

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14. (+) Arabinose is (2R, 3S, 4S)-aldopentose which of the following is (+) arabinose?
CHO CHO
CHO CHO
H OH HO H
H OH H OH
HO H H OH
(1) H OH (2) (3) HO H (4)
HO H OH H OH
HO H H
CH2OH CH2OH
CH2OH CH2OH
S
HI S S
Sol. Answer (2)
SE
CHO
NC L K
R
H OH
S
HO H
S
HO H
LI CH2OH
A
15. Peptides are composed of amino acids joined by amide bonds. which of the following statements is not correct?
(1) Amide group are more resistant to hydrolysis than one similar ester groups
ON A
(2) p- resonance stabilizes the amide bond
C
(3) Stable conformations of peptides are restricted to those having planar amide groups
M
(4) Amide groups do not participate in hydrogen bonding interaction
Sol. Answer (4)
Amide groups participate in H-bonding
.
16. A tripeptide is composed equally of L-valine, L-tyrosine and L-alanine (one molecule of each). How many
isomeric tripeptides of this kind may exist?
NE K
RA
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 8

WT
Sol. Answer (3)

Six tripeptides are possible from three different amino acids
R.
17. Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

(1) Asparagine (2) Glutamine (3) Histidine (4) Alanine
Sol. Answer (3)
18. Which of the following amino acid is optically inactive?

(1) Lysine (2) Glutamine (3) Serine (4) Glycine
Sol. Answer (4)
19. Glycosidic linkage is present in

(1) Proteins (2) Lipids (3) Carbohydrates (4) Nucleic acids
Sol. Answer (3)
20. Which of the following is basic amino acid?

(1) Lysine (2) Valine (3) Aspartic acid (4) Glycine
Sol. Answer (1)

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21. Which of the following disaccharide is called invert sugar?

(1) Lactose (2) Maltose (3) Sucrose (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (3)
22. Tertiary structures of proteins is given by

(1) -helix (2) Folding of secondary structure
(3) -pleated sheets (4) All of these
S
Sol. Answer (2)
HI S S
SE
23. The helical structure of proteins is stabilised by
NC L K
(1) Peptide bonds (2) Hydrogen bonds
(3) Dipeptide bonds (4) van der Waals forces
Sol. Answer (2)
LI
24. Glucose when reacted with acetic anhydride forms
A
(1) Diacetate (2) Hexa-acetate (3) Pentacetate (4) Tetra-acetate
Sol. Answer (3)
ON A
25. Complementary bases present in DNA are
C
(1) Uracil & Adenine : Cytosine & Guanine (2) Thymine & Adenine : Guanine & Cytosine
M
(3) Adenine & Thymine : Guanine & Uracil (4) Adenine & Guanine : Thymine & Cytosine
Sol. Answer (2)
26. Choose the correct statement about isoelectric point

.
(1) If pH > isoelectric point amino acid will move towards cathode
(2) At this point amino acid is present in the form of Zwitter ion
NE K
(3) If pH < isoelectric point, amino acid will move towards anode
RA
WT
(4) At this point amino acids are basic in nature

Sol. Answer (2)
R.
27. Mutarotation in aqueous solution is shown by

(1) Glycogen (2) Sucrose (3) Cellulose (4) Maltose
Sol. Answer (4)
28. Branched chain structure is shown by

(1) Amylopectin (2) Cellulose (3) Amylose (4) Nylon
Sol. Answer (1)
29. The number of amino acids required to form a tripeptide bond are
(1) Seven (2) Two (3) Six (4) Four
Sol. Answer (4)
30. Glucose does not give

(1) Schiffs test (2) Hydrogensulphite addition product with NaHSO3
(3) 2, 4 DNP test (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)

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31. The two cyclic hemiacetal forms of glucose differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group at C-1 are
called
(1) Anomers (2) Enantiomers (3) Epimers (4) Metamers

Sol. Answer (1)
32. Glucose reacts with HCN to give
(1) Saccharic acid (2) Cyanohydrin (3) n-hexane (4) Gluconic
S
HI S S
Sol. Answer (2)
SE
NC L K
33. Cellulose is soluble in
(1) Water (2) Organic solvents
(3) Ammonical cupric hydroxide solution (4) All of these
LI
Sol. Answer (3)
A
34. Glucose does not react with
(1) NH2OH (2) C6H5NHNH2 (3) NaHSO3 (4) HCN

ON A
Sol. Answer (3)
C
M
35. Which structure of proteins involve in denaturation?
(1) Primary structure (2) Secondary structure (3) Tertiary structure (4) Quaternary structure
Sol. Answer (4)
.
36. Cane sugar on hydrolysis gives

NE K
(1) Fructose + Glucose (2) Fructose + Fructose (3) Glucose + Glucose (4) Glucose + Lactose
RA
WT
Sol. Answer (1)
37. Which is correct statement?

R.
(1) Starch is a polymer of -glucose

(2) Amylose is a component of cellulose
(3) Proteins are composed of only one type of amino acids
(4) In cyclic structure of pyranose, there are five carbons and one oxygen atom
Sol. Answer (1)
38. Enzymes in the living systems

(1) Provide energy (2) Provide immunity
(3) Transport oxygen (4) Catalyze biological reactions

Sol. Answer (4)
39. Which of the following is not an amino acid?

(1) Glycine (2) Alanine (3) Histidine (4) Benzidine
Sol. Answer (4)

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40. In the double helix structure of DNA, the base pairs are
(1) Part of the backbone structure (2) Inside the helix
(3) Outside the helix (4) Bonded with covalent bond
Sol. Answer (2)
41. Cellulose upon acetylation with excess acetic anhydride / H2SO4 (catalytic) gives cellulose triacetate whose
structure is [IIT-JEE 2008]
S
AcO
HI S S
AcO
AcO O O
SE
AcO O O H H
AcO
NC L K
H H O OH H
AcO H H O H
O OAc H
H H O H O OH H
H H O H H OH
H O OAc H H OAc
(1) H O H (2) OH H
O H H OH
OAc H H OAc
O H
H OH
H OAc
LI AcO AcO AcO AcO AcO AcO
A
H H O H H O H H O O H H O H H O H H O O
H H H H
(3) OAc H O OAc H
O
OAc H (4) H H O H H
O
H H
O H O H
H OAc H OAc
ON A
H OAc OAc OAc OAc OAc OAc OAc
Sol. Answer (3)

C
M
Cellulose is polymer of -D glucose. Hence structure (3) is correct.
42. The correct statement about the following disaccharide is [IIT-JEE 2010]
CH2OH
.
O
H H CH2OH H
H O
NE K
RA
OH H H OH
OCH2 CH2 O
WT
OH CH2OH
H OH OH H
(a) (b)
R.
(1) Ring (a) is pyranose with -glycosidic link (2) Ring (a) is furanose with -glycosidic link
(3) Ring (b) is furanose with -glycosidic link (4) Ring (b) is pyranose with -glycosidic link
Sol. Answer (1)
CH2OH
5 O
H H CH2OH H
H O
4 1
OH H H OH
OCH2CH2 O CH2OH
OH
3 2
H OH -linkage OH H
(a) (b)
Ring (a) is six membered oxygen containing ring.

Pyranose ring and CH2OH of C5 and OR of C1 are across of one another hence, it is -glycosidic
linkage.

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43. The following carbohydrate is [IIT-JEE 2011]
H OH
H O
HO OH
HO H HO
H
H
(1) A ketohexose (2) An aldohexose (3) An -furanose (4) An -pyranose
Sol. Answer (2)
S
HI S S
OH
O
SE
OH
NC L K
HO
HO HO
D Glucopyranose, which is cyclic form of an aldohexose
LI SECTION - B
A
Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)
1. When D-Glucose reacts with three moles of phenylhydrazine it forms glucosazone. Which of the following
carbohydrates will give same osazone as that of D-Glucose?
ON A
CHO CHO
CH2OH CHO
C HO H
M
O H OH
HO H
H OH H OH
(1) HO H (2) HO H (3) (4)
HO H H OH
H OH H OH
HO H H OH
H OH H OH
.
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH

CHO
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
NE K
During osazone formation, the reaction occurs only at C1 and C2 while rest of the molecule remains intact
RA
since glucose and fructose differ from each other only in the arrangement of atoms at C1 and C2, therefore
WT
they give same osazone.
2. Which of the following compounds contain amide linkage?

R.
(1) Nylon - 6 (2) Acetamide (3) Proteins (4) Cellulose

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
O
||
C NH linkage is called amide linkage.
O
Nylon 6 : NH (CH2)5 C
n
O
Acetamide : NH2 C NH2
n
O
||
Proteins peptide H2N CH C NH CH2 COOH
|
CH3
Alany lg lycine

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3. What would be the correct structure of -D-Glucose?

CH2OH CH2OH
H O O
OH H H
H H
(1) OH H (2)
OH H
HO H HO OH
H OH H OH
S
H H
HI S S
OH OH
SE
HO HO
O O
NC L K
(3) (4)
HO HH HO
H
OH H
HO HO
H H
H HO
LI
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
A
St-I is Howarth project ion while.
St-III is chair form of -D-Glucose
ON A
4. Which of the following sugars will form osazone?
C
M
H
OH
O O
O H H
(1) (2) OH
.
H O
NE K
OH OH
RA
CH2OH CH2OH
WT
O CH2OH H O
H H H H H OMe
(3) H (4)
OH H OH H
R.
O CH2OH HO H
HO
H OH H OH
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
Sugars having free hemiacetal group will form osazone.
5. Which of the following amino acids will have +2 net charge at pH = 1?

CH3 O
HO O
(1) H2N C C OH (2) H2N C C OH
H
NH
N
H H
(3) H2N C COOH (4) H2N C COOH
(CH2
)3 COOH (CH2
)2 NH 2

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Sol. Answer (2, 4)
In acidic medium N atom of NH2 group absorb H+ and becomes +vely charged. +2 net charge will be present
on those amino acids which are having two basic amino groups.
6. Which of the following aldoses will give achiral product with NaBH4?
CHO
CHO CHO
S
H OH CHO
HI S S
H OH H OH
HO H H OH
(1) HO H (4) HO H
SE
(2) (3)
HO H HO H
NC L K
HO H H OH
H OH H OH H OH
CH2OH CH2OH
CH2OH CH2OH
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
LI CHO CH 2OH
A
H * OH H * OH
(1) HO H NaBH4 HO H
ON A
HO H HO H
C CH2OH CH 2OH
M
(Chiral molecule)
CHO CH2OH
H * OH H OH
.
HO H NaBH4 HO H
(2) HO H HO H
NE K
H OH H OH
RA
WT
CH2OH CH2OH
(Achiral)
R.
CHO CH2OH
H * OH H OH
HO H NaBH 4 HO H
(3) H OH H OH
CH2OH CH2OH
(Achiral)
CHO CH2OH
H OH H * OH
HO H NaBH4 HO H
(4)
H OH H OH
H OH H OH
CH2OH CH2OH
7. Which of the following upon hydrolysis form only glucose?

(1) Lactose (2) Cellobiose (3) Maltose (4) Sucrose

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Sol. Answer (2, 3)

H
C12H22O11 H2O
C6H12O6 C6H12O6
sucrose glucose fructose

H
C12H22O11 H2O
C6H12O6 C6H12O6
Maltose glucose glucose

H
C12H22O11 H2O
C6H12O6 C6H12O6
Lactose glucose galactose
S
HI S S
C12H22O11 H2O
dil.H2 SO4
under presure
D glucose D glucose
Cellulose
SE
NC L K
8. Denaturation of protein can be brought about by
(1) Changing concentration (2) Changing pH
(3) Changing Temperature (4) Changing amino acid sequence
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
LI
Denaturation of proteins can be brought about by agents like soap, detergents, acid, alcohol, heat and some
A
disinfectants.
9. Choose correct statements about proteins

ON A
(1) Primary structure of proteins refer to amino acid sequence
C
(2) Interaction between three polypeptide chains give rise to tertiary structure of proteins
M
(3) Association between four polypeptide chains give quaternary structure of proteins
(4) Folding of polypeptide chain due to interaction between carbonyl group and N H group of peptide
linkage give rise to secondry structure
.
Sol. Answer (1, 4)

Primary or 1 structure of Protein
NE K
R1 O H O R3 O
RA
WT
H
N C C N C C N C C
H
R1 H R2 H H
R.
Peptide bond Peptide bond

Secondary Structure
R1
H2N C
C
H
H-Bond R4 O NH
H
C C
N H HCR2
C H O
H C
O C N NH
R3 O
H-Bond R7 HCR 5
C C
H H
H
N O N C
H O
C N
C H
O R6
H C R8

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10. Which of the following is/are stabilizing interaction in protein folding?
(1) Hydrogen bond formation (2) Peptide bonds
(3) Disulphide bonds (4) Hydrophobic interaction
Sol. Answer (1, 3, 4)
11. The correct statement(s) about the following sugars X and Y is(are) [IIT-JEE-2009]
CH2OH
S
HI S S
O O
H H H HOH2C H
SE
O CH2OH
NC L K
HO OH H H HO
H OH OH H
X
CH2OH
LI O
A
CH2OH H H H
O OH
H O H HO
H
ON A
H OH H
HO OH H
C H OH
M
Y
(1) X is a reducing sugar and Y is a non-reducing sugar
(2) X is a non-reducing sugar and Y is a reducing sugar
(3) The glucosidic linkages in X and Y are and , respectively
.
(4) The glucosidic linkages in X and Y are and , respectively

NE K
Sol. Answer (2, 3)

RA
WT
No hemiacetal linkage is free in X. Therefore it is Non reducing. While Y having hemiacetal linkage would
be reducing sugar.
R.
CH2OH CH2OH
O O
O HOH2C H H
H H H HOH2C H H
O O OH
HO OH H CH2OH O H OH
H OH H H
H HO H
H OH HO H HO
-Glucosidic linkage -Glucosidic linkage
12. The structure of D-(+)-glucose is
CHO
H OH
HO H
H OH
H OH
CH2OH

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The structure of L-()-glucose is [JEE(Advanced)-2015]
CHO CHO CHO CHO

HO H H OH HO H HO H
H OH HO H HO H HO H
HO H H OH H OH HO H
(1) (2) (3) (4)
HO H HO H HO H H OH
S
HI S S
Sol. Answer (1)
SE
NC L K
CHO CHO
H OH HO H
HO H H OH
H OH HO H
H
LI OH HO H
A
CH2OH Mirror CH2OH
D-(+)-glucose L-()-glucose
ON A
C SECTION - C
M
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I
Carboxylic acids containing an amino group (NH2) as a substituent are called amino acids. When this amino
group substitution is at -position with respect to carboxylic group, the aminoacid is called -amino acid. The
.
aminoacids with two carboxylic acids are called acidic amino acids whereas aminoacids with two amino group
are called basic amino acids. Aminoacids show amphoteric character. All chiral natural amino acids exist in L-
NE K
form.
RA
WT
1. Each of the following represent natural alanine (an amino acid) except
COOH COOH
R.
COOH CH3
C C
(1) H2N H (2) HOOC H (3) H2N CH3 (4) H3C NH2
H H
CH3 NH2
Sol. Answer (4)
2. Which of the following is not an -amino acid?
COOH COOH
O COOH O
(1) C OH (2) H (3) H3C C H (4) H C H
OH
N
NH2
H CH2NH2 NH2
Sol. Answer (3)

NH2 group is not attached to carbon atom

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3. What would be the net charge on the given amino acid at pH = 14?
COOH O
( CH2)
H2N C 4 C OH
(1) + 1 (2) + 2 (3) 1 (4) 2
S
HI S S
Sol. Answer (4)
pH = 14, (Basic medium) the structure of amino acid will be
SE
NC L K
COO O
| ||
H2N C (CH2 )4 C O
|
H
LI
A
Comprehension-II
When either form of D-Glucose is dissolved in water, the solution gradually changes its optical rotation and
finally attains a constant optical rotation of +52.
ON A
CHO CH2OH
CH2OH
C H OH O
M
H O H H
OH HO H H
OH H H OH OH H
H HO OH
HO H OH
H OH H OH
CH2OH
.
(+ 19) (+ 112)
NE K
1. Which form of D-Glucose is more stable?

RA
(1) -D-Glucose (2) -D-Glucose

WT
(3) Open chain (4) All forms are equally stable

Sol. Answer (2)
R.
The and anomers of D-glucose interconvert in aqueous solution by a process called mutarotation. Thus
a solution of -D glucose and a solution of -D glucose eventually form identical equilibrium mixtures having
1 2
identical optical properties. This mixture contains rd of -D glucose and rd of -D glucose and few linear
3 3
and five membered rings also.
2. What is the percentage of open chain D-Glucose in solution?

(1) 36% (2) 64% (3) 0.5% (4) 33.3%
Sol. Answer (3)
3. Which of the following statements is true?

(1) Because of the presence of alcoholic group in D-Glucose it exhibits mutarotation
(2) Because of the presence of C == O group in Glucose it exhibits mutarotation
(3) All sugars exhibit mutarotation
(4) Because of free hemiacetal linkage in cyclic form, D-Glucose exhibit mutarotation

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Sol. Answer (4)

The hemiacetal structure can be easily hydrolysed in the aqueous solution to give the open chain form of
glucose. Therefore in aqueous solution either or anomer is converted through the open chain form into
an equilibrium mixture consisting of both the anomers with a very small amount of the open chain form.
Comprehension-III
Aldehydes and ketones are converted to acetals by treatment with an alcohol and a trace of acid catalyst.
S
These conditions also convert aldoses and ketoses to the acetals, call glycosides. In glycosides, an aglycone
HI S S
is the group bonded to the anomeric carbon atom.
SE
Example : Methanol is the aglycone in a methyl glycoside.
NC L K
1. In ethyl -D glucopyranoside, aglycone part is
(1) CH3CH2 (2) CH3 (3) CH3CH2O (4) CH3OH
Sol. Answer (3)
LI
A
CH2OH
H O H
H CH3OH, H
ON A
2. (A)
OH H
OHC OH
M
H OH
A is
(1) Methyl -D-glucopyranoside, -glycosidic bond
(2) Methyl -D-glucopyranoside, -glycosidic bond
.
(3) Methyl--D-glucopyranoside + methyl -D glucopyranoside

NE K
(4) No reaction can take place

RA
WT
Sol. Answer (3)
3. In sucrose, two menosaccharides unit linked by

R.
CH2OH
H
H O
H
OH H
OH
H OH
HOCH2 O O
H HO
H CH2OH
OH H
(1) Only -glycosidic linkage is present
(2) Only -glycosidic linkage is present
(3) -glycosidic linkage on glucose and -glycosidic linkage on fructose
(4) -glycosidic linkage on fructose and -glycosidic linkage on glucose
Sol. Answer (2)

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SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questio
1. STATEMENT-1 : Primary structure of proteins is determined by amino acid sequence.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Intramolecular hydrogen bonding between carbonyl group and N H group is responsible
S
HI S S
for the folding of polypeptide chain.
SE
Sol. Answer (2)
NC L K
The respective amino acid residues are linked by peptide bonds only.
2. STATEMENT-1 : Glucose and fructose can be differentiated by Fehling's solution.

and
LI
A
STATEMENT-2 : Glucose is an aldose while fructose is a ketose (having keto functional group).
Sol. Answer (4)
ON A
Glucose and fructose can not be differentiated by Fehling solution because in alkaline medium an equilibrium
mixture of D-glucose, D-fructose, and D-mannose.
C
M
3. STATEMENT-1 : D-Glucose and D-Mannose are C-2 epimers
and
STATEMENT-2 : They only have different configuration at carbon number-2.

.
Sol. Answer (1)

NE K
Diastereomers which differ in configuration only at one C atoms

RA
WT
4. STATEMENT-1 : Enzymes are protein but protein are not enzymes.
and
R.
STATEMENT-2 : Enzymes are bio-catalyst and posses a stable configuration having a active site poket.
Sol. Answer (2)

Fact.
5. STATEMENT-1 : Cellulose is a polymer of glucose.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Reducing sugars undergo mutarotation.

Sol. Answer (2)
6. STATEMENT-1 : Glucose gives a reddish-brown precipitate with Fehlings solution.

and
STATEMENT-2 : Reaction of glucose with Fehlings solution gives CuO and gluconic acid. [IIT-JEE-2007]
Sol. Answer (3)

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SECTION - E
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Match the following
Column-I Column-II
(A) Glucose (p) Undergoes hydrolysis
(B) Fructose (q) React with Fehling solution
S
(C) Sucrose (r) React with Tollens reagent
HI S S
(D) Maltose (s) Glycosidic linkage
SE
Sol. Answer: A(q, r), B(q, r), C(p, q, r, s), D(p, q, r, s)
NC L K
(A) Glucose can react with Fehling solution and Tollens reagent due to presence of CHO group.
(B) Fructose can react with Fehling solution and Tollens reagent due to presence of CHO group.
(C) Sucrose undergoes hydrolysis to give glucose and fructose.
LI Non reducing sugar so can not reduce Fehlng solution and Tollens reagent.
A
Glycosidic linkage is present
(D) Maltose undergoes hydrolysis to give glucose only
Due to free carbonyl group it is reducing hence reacts with Tollens reagent and Fehling
ON A
solution
C glycosidic linkage is present.
M
2. Match column-I with column-II
Column-I Column-II
(A) Maltose (p) Polymer of D-Glucose
.
(B) Cellulose (q) Non-reducing sugar

(C) Amylose (r) Disaccharide
NE K
RA
(D) Invertose (s) Reducing sugar

WT
Sol. Answer: A(r, s), B(p, q), C(p, q), D(r, s)

(A) Maltose is formed by combination of 2 molecules of glucose. It is a reducing sugar because it possesses
R.
a free aldose group.

(B) Cellulose is formed by formation of 1, 4 glycosidic linkage between 6000 glucose units, it is a non-
reducing sugar as it does not reduce Tollens regaent or Fehlings solution.
(C) Amylose is formed by formation of , 1, 4 glycosidic linkage between 200-1000 glucose units, Amylose
also cannot reduce Tollens reagent or Fehlings solution.
(D) Invertose is formed by combination of glucose and fructose.
3. Match the following

Column I Column II
(A) Sucrose (p) Diasaccharide
(B) Cellobiose (q) Reducing sugar
(C) Maltose (r) -Glycosidic linkage
(D) Fructose (s) -Glycosidic linkage
(t) Shows mutarotation
Sol. Answer: A(p, r, s), B(p, q, s, t), C(p, q, r, t), D(q, t)
Fact

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Column-I Column-II
(A) Glucose (p) React with Tollens reagent
(B) Fructose (q) React with Fehling reagent
(C) Sucrose (r) React with phenyl hydrazine to form osazone
(D) Maltose (s) It is a disachharide
S
(t) It is a furanose sugar
HI S S
Sol. Answer: A(p, q, r), B(p, q, r, t), C(r, s), D(p, q, r, s)
SE
NC L K
Column-I Column-II
(Pair of molecules) (Characteristic)
(A) Glucose-Fructose (p) Anomer
LI
(B) Fructose-Mannose (q) Diastereomer
A
(C) Glucose-Mannose (r) Functional isomer
(D) -D-Glycopyronose (s) Lobry-De-Bryun
ON A
-D-Glucopyronose Van-Ekenstein rearrangement
C (t) Both are reducing sugars
M
Sol. Answer: A(q, r, s, t), B(q, r, s, t), C(q, r, s, t), D(p, q, s, t)

Column-I Column-II
.
(A) Glycine (p) Optically inactive

(B) Alanine (q) Optically active
NE K
RA
(C) Lysine (r) Bear two COOH

WT
(D) Glutamic acid (s) Bear two NH2

(t) Cationic in highly acidic medium
R.
Sol. Answer: A(p, t), B(q, t), C(q, s, t), D(q, r, t)
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. What is the total number of acidic amino acids found in human proteins?
Sol. Answer (2)
Aspartic acid and glutamic acids are acidic amino acids.
2. Net charge available on a basic amino acid at pH = 1 would be ____.

Sol. Answer (2)
Basic amino acids have two amino groups and hence net charge at pH = 1 would be = +1
3. How many tripeptides are possible when Glycine, Alanine and Phenylalanine are allowed to form peptide bonds?
Sol. Answer (6)
Fact

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4. The iso-electric point of the given amino acid is, HO C CH2 CH2 CH COOH (pKa = 2)
(pKa = 4) +
NH3(pKa = 9)
Sol. Answer (3)
5. The number of chiral carbon in one molecule of -D glucose is ________.
S
Sol. Answer (5)
HI S S
6. The total number of basic groups in the following form of lysine is [IIT-JEE-2010]
SE
NC L K
H3N CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 O
CH C
H2N O
Sol. Answer (2)
LI
A
H3N CH2 CH2 CH2 CH 2 O
CH C Basic site (Carboxylate ion will
H2N O also behave as proton acceptor)
ON A
Basic site
C
M
7. A decapeptide (Mol. Wt. 796) on complete hydrolysis gives glycine (Mol. Wt. 75), alanine and phenylalanine.
Glycine contributes 47.0% to the total weight of the hydrolysed products. The number of glycine units present
in the decapeptide is [IIT-JEE-2011]
Sol. Answer (6)
.
A decapeptide will have (9) peptide linkage

Mass of hydrolyzed product is (796 + 162) gm/mole
NE K
0.47 958
RA
Number of glycine molecule = 6

WT
75
8. The substituents R1 and R2 for nine peptides are listed in the table given below. How many of these peptides are
R.
positively charged at pH = 7.0? [IIT-JEE-2012]
H3N CH CO NH CH CO NH CH CO NH CH COO
H R1 R2 H
Peptide R1 R2
I H H
II H CH 3
III CH2 COOH H
IV CH 2CONH2 (CH 2)4NH2
V CH 2CONH2 CH 2CONH 2
VI (CH 2)4 NH2 (CH 2)4NH2
VII CH2 COOH CH 2CONH 2
VIII CH2OH (CH 2)4NH2
IX (CH 2)4 NH2 CH 3

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Sol. Answer (4)
When any group in R1 and R2 is basic group then amino acid is positively charged at pH = 7.0. So, answers
are peptide IV, VI, VIII and IX.
9. When the following aldohexose exists in its D-configuration, the total number of stereoisomers in its pyranose
form is [IIT-JEE-2012]
CHO
S
CH2
HI S S
CHOH
SE
NC L K
CHOH
CHOH
CH2OH
LI
Sol. Answer (8)
A
Given
CHO
ON A
CH2
C
M
CHOH
CHOH
CHOH has D configuration

.
CH2OH
NE K
RA
CH2OH
WT
O
H
HO *
OH C* are chiral carbon atoms. Hence total stereoisomers are 8.
*
R.
* H
HO H
10. The total number of distinct naturally occurring amino acids obtained by complete acidic hydrolysis of the
peptide shown below is [JEE(Advanced)-2014]
O O H O H O H
N
N N N
N N N
N O
H CH2 O H O H CH2
Sol. Answer (1)

On hydrolysis only glycine is formed as natural amino acid.

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SECTION - G
Multiple True-False Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : Glycine is an achiral amino acid.
STATEMENT-2 : pH of alanine is less than 7.
STATEMENT-3 : Almost all proteins are polypeptides.
(1) T T T (2) FFF (3) TFT (4) FTF
S
Sol. Answer (1)
HI S S
Fact
SE
NC L K
2. STATEMENT-1 : Sucrose is a reducing sugar.
STATEMENT-2 : Sucrose has two glycosidic linkages.
STATEMENT-3 : Sucrose shows mutarotation.
LI
(1) T T F (2) TFT (3) FTF (4) FTT
A
Sol. Answer (3)
Sucrose is nonreducing sugar and it doesnt show mutarotation.
ON A
3. STATEMENT-1 : -D-glucose shows mutarotation.
STATEMENT-2 : Sucrose on hydrolysis produces -D-glucose.
C
M
STATEMENT-3 : Mannose is an aldohexose.
(1) T F T (2) F TF (3) T TT (4) FF F
Sol. Answer (1)
.
4. STATEMENT-1 : Essential amino acids are produced by body.

STATEMENT-2 : Non-essential amino acids are not produced by body.
NE K
RA
STATEMENT-3 : All carbohydrates must have chiral carbon.

WT
(1) T T T (2) FFT (3) FFF (4) TTF

Sol. Answer (3)
R.
5. STATEMENT-1 : Biologically active form of protein is quaternary structure.

STATEMENT-2 : -sheets are secondary structure of protein.
STATEMENT-3 : Basic sequence of amino acids is defined by primary structure of protein.
(1) T T T (2) FFF (3) FTT (4) FFT
Sol. Answer (1)
SECTION - H
Aakash Challengers Questions
1. In a paper electrophoresis amino acids and peptides can be separated by their differential migration in an electric
field. To the center of a strip of paper, wet with buffer at pH = 6 is applied a mixture of the following three
peptides in a single small spot : Gly-Ala, Gly-Asp and Gly-Arg. A positively charged electrode (anode) is attached
to the left side of the paper and a negatively charged electrode (cathode) to the rightside. A voltage is applied
across the ends of the paper for a time, after which the peptides have separated into three spots. One near the
location of the original spot which peptide is in each spot? Explain.
Sol. Gly-Asp will move towards Anode while Gly-Arg will move towards cathode and Gly-Ald will remain hear spot.

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2. Starch consist of amylose and amylopectin structure of amylopectin is given as below
H
CH2OH
O
O H
H H
H
HO OH CH2OH
O
H O H
H H
HO OH
S
H
HI S S
O
SE
NC L K
H CH2
O
O H
H H
HO OH
H O
LI
In structure of amylopectin
A
(1) -1,4-glycosidic bonds (2) -1,6-glycosidic bonds
(3) -1,4-glycosidic bonds (4) -1,4-glycosidic bonds and -1,6-glycosidic bonds
ON A
Sol. Answer (4)
In amylo pectin, -1,4 and -1,6 linkage that provides the attachment point for another chain.
C
M
3. Which of the strucutres 1 through 4 is methyl -D-galactopyranoside?
CHO
H OH
.
HO H
HO H
NE K
H OH
RA
WT
CH2OH
(D-galactose)
R.
CH2OH CH2OH O
O
HO HO
OCH3 H
(1) (2) HO
HO OH OH
H OCH3
HO HO
CH2OH CH2OH O
O
(3) OCH3 (4) H
HO OH HO OH
H OCH3
Sol. Answer (4)
OH CH2OH
HO H
OH OCH3
-D-Galctopyranoside

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4. Which of the following statements would correctly describe the isoelectric point of cysteic acid an oxidation
product of cysteine?
H
C
H3N COOH
CH2
SO3
S
Cysteic acid
HI S S
(1) Lower than that of aspartic acid (2) About the same as that of aspartic acid
SE
NC L K
(3) About the same as that of Cysteine (4) Higher than that of lysine
Sol. Answer (1)
5. Which two of the following compounds are reduced to the chiral alditol by NaBH4?
LI CHO CHO CHO CHO
A
H OH H OH H OH HO H
H OH HO H HO H H OH
ON A
HO H HO H H OH H OH
C
M
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(1) A & B (2) B&C

.
(3) C & D (4) A&C

Sol. Answer (2)
NE K
RA
6. The active site of a biomolecule R is shown below

WT
R.
A biomolecule R
The biomolecule R binds to a tripeptide because its binding site is complementry to that of tripeptide. The shape
of the tripeptide would be
Note : Complimentarity in the figure is shown by shape
(1) (2) (3) (4)

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Sol. Answer (4)
Tripeptide will exactly fit into the binding site due to exact complimentarity of shape.
7. A mixture of three amino acids X-(pH = 3.2), Y-(pH = 5.7) and Z-(pH = 9.7) under electrophoresis at
pH = 7.7, in which direction will each component of the mixture move?
(1) X to anode, Y and Z to cathode
S
(2) X to anode Y stationary, Z to cathode
HI S S
(3) X to cathode, Y stationary, Z to anode
SE
NC L K
(4) X and Y to anode, Z to cathode
Sol. Answer (3)
8. Convert D-erythrose to next higher aldose.
LI
A
CHO CN COOH
H OH HO H (i) Ba (OH)2
HO H
Sol. aq. HCN
H OH H OH H OH
ON A
(i) H2SO4
CH 2OH H OH H OH
C CH 2OH CH 2OH
M
D-erythrose
CHO CO
NE K
HO H HO H O
RA
Na/Hg
H OH H OH
WT
H2SO4
H OH H
CH2OH CH 2OH
R.
D-arabinose
9. Glucose, Mannose and fructose give identical osazones. Explain.

Sol. Only C-1 and C-2 are involved in osazone formation. Hence, aldohexoses and keto hexoses, which have the
same configuration at C-3, C-4 and C-5 give the same osazone.
10. -glucopyranose is oxidised by HIO4 more rapidly than the -anomer at the 1,2 bond. Suggest a reason.
Sol. -glucopyranose is cis-1, 2-diol and the -anomer is the trans 1, 2 diol. Since the former can form a cyclic
ester with periodic acid and latter can not, the former is oxidised more rapidly than the latter.
11. Calculate how much of the -anomer and -anomers are present in an equilibrium mixture with a specific rotation
of +52.6?
Sol. Answer
-anomer 36%
-anomer 64%

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12. Compound (A) C5H10O5, give a tetra-acetate with Ac2O and oxidation of (A) with Br2H2O gives an acid, C5H10O6.
Reduction of (A) with HI and red phosphorous gives 2-methyl butane. What is the structure of (A)?
Sol. Answer
CHO
CHOH
HO CH2COH
S
CH2O H
HI S S
13. Number of possible stereoisomers of glucose and fructose.
SE
NC L K
Sol. Answer
Glucose 16
Fructose 8
LI
A
ON A
C
M
.
NE K
RA
WT
R.

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R. K. MALIKS NEWTON CLASSES JEE (MAIN & ADV.

X may be chloro or bromoacetic acid

-helical structure of protein is stabilized by

(3) van der Waals forces (4) Hydrogen bond

3. When protein is subjected to denaturation

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4. Fructose reduces Tollens reagent due to

D(+) Glucose Enediol D(+) Mannose D() Fructose

(3) Hofmann rearrangement

Sol. Answer (2)

(1) One (2) Two (3) Three (4) Four

CH 2OH CH2OH CH2OH C6H5NHNH2

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8. Which of the following is correct about cellulose?

9. Which of the following is incorrect about isoelectric point of amino acid?

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Sol. Answer (2)

[ ]D 66.5 [ ]D 52.5 [ ]D 92.4

Hydrolysis of sucrose to an equimolar mixture of D (+) glucose and D () fructose is accompanied by a

CHO CHO CHO CHO

CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH

Sol. Answer (3)

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(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 8

Sol. Answer (3)

17. Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

18. Which of the following amino acid is optically inactive?

19. Glycosidic linkage is present in

20. Which of the following is basic amino acid?

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21. Which of the following disaccharide is called invert sugar?

22. Tertiary structures of proteins is given by

26. Choose the correct statement about isoelectric point

(4) At this point amino acids are basic in nature

27. Mutarotation in aqueous solution is shown by

28. Branched chain structure is shown by

30. Glucose does not give

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(1) Anomers (2) Enantiomers (3) Epimers (4) Metamers

32. Glucose reacts with HCN to give

(1) Saccharic acid (2) Cyanohydrin (3) n-hexane (4) Gluconic

(3) Ammonical cupric hydroxide solution (4) All of these

(1) NH2OH (2) C6H5NHNH2 (3) NaHSO3 (4) HCN

36. Cane sugar on hydrolysis gives

Sol. Answer (1)

37. Which is correct statement?

(1) Starch is a polymer of -glucose

38. Enzymes in the living systems

(3) Transport oxygen (4) Catalyze biological reactions

39. Which of the following is not an amino acid?

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LI AcO AcO AcO AcO AcO AcO

Sol. Answer (3)

Ring (a) is six membered oxygen containing ring.

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CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH

they give same osazone.

2. Which of the following compounds contain amide linkage?

(1) Nylon - 6 (2) Acetamide (3) Proteins (4) Cellulose

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3. What would be the correct structure of -D-Glucose?

5. Which of the following amino acids will have +2 net charge at pH = 1?